gnucash-docs maint: Multiple changes pushed

John Ralls jralls at code.gnucash.org
Tue Dec 6 19:09:05 EST 2016


Updated	 via  https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/be0c7eed (commit)
	 via  https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/a44ac34a (commit)
	 via  https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/87c816c5 (commit)
	from  https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/15065758 (commit)



commit be0c7eed1f1aac64b10cb77fc420b3eb125bada6
Author: David T <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 6 22:13:10 2016 +0500

    Bug-770371 - Add note to documentation regarding Sort order options. Added to table in Help Section 4.3.2.3

diff --git a/help/C/Help_ch_GUIMenus.xml b/help/C/Help_ch_GUIMenus.xml
index 381ff0e..2929fee 100644
--- a/help/C/Help_ch_GUIMenus.xml
+++ b/help/C/Help_ch_GUIMenus.xml
@@ -2648,6 +2648,22 @@
                 <para>Sort by notes field.</para></entry>
             </row>
 
+            <row>
+              <entry namest="c2" >
+                <para><guilabel>Reverse Order</guilabel></para></entry>
+
+              <entry namest="c3" >
+                <para>Reverse the sort order.</para></entry>
+            </row>
+            
+            <row>
+              <entry namest="c2" >
+                <para><guilabel>Save Sort Order</guilabel></para></entry>
+
+              <entry namest="c3" >
+                <para>Save the sort order between sessions.</para></entry>
+            </row>
+
                 <row>
                   <entry><para><guimenuitem>Filter by ...</guimenuitem></para></entry>
 

commit a44ac34acb4e68d1143ac92cc52590a7d35bd883
Author: John Ralls <jralls at ceridwen.us>
Date:   Tue Dec 6 14:29:55 2016 -0800

    Improve ch_currency formatting of tables and charts of accounts.
    
    Attempting to get them to look decent in both HTML and PDF.
    Notes: Don't try to make columns with <literallayout> unless you're
    going to use a monospace font (class='monospace'). No two proportional
    fonts have the same width for spaces and characters and you'll never
    get the columns to line up consistently. Use <informaltable> if a true
    tablular layout makes sense, but if you need indents it's better to stick
    with <literallayout> and forget the columns. Check the results in both
    PDF and HTML to make sure that it looks OK.
    Tables in PDF don't lay out correctly unless you use <colspec colwidth>,
    and the percentage value (e.g. colwidth='10pc') doesn't seem to work. The
    proportional (e.g. colwidth='3*') value seems best.

diff --git a/guide/C/ch_currency.xml b/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
index f556722..ef8245f 100644
--- a/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
+++ b/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
@@ -77,16 +77,16 @@
     structure for this would be:</para>
 
     <literallayout>
--Assets                       (USD)
-   -Current Assets            (USD)
-      -US Bank                (USD)
-      -European Bank          (EUR)
-      -HK Bank                (HKD)
--Equity                       (USD)
-   -Opening Balances
-      -USD                    (USD)
-      -EUR                    (EUR)
-      -HKD                    (HKD)
+-Assets (USD)
+   -Current Assets (USD)
+      -US Bank (USD)
+      -European Bank (EUR)
+      -HK Bank (HKD)
+-Equity (USD)
+   -Opening Balances (USD)
+      -USD (USD)
+      -EUR (EUR)
+      -HKD (HKD)
 
 Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
  </literallayout>
@@ -446,15 +446,15 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
       structure:</para>
 
       <literallayout>
--Assets                       (USD)
-   -Current Assets            (USD)
-      -US Bank                (USD)
-      -Jamaican Bank          (JMD)
-   -Fixed Assets              (USD)
-      -Boat                   (JMD)
--Equity                       (USD)
-   -Opening Balances
-      -USD                    (USD)
+-Assets (USD)
+   -Current Assets (USD)
+      -US Bank (USD)
+      -Jamaican Bank (JMD)
+   -Fixed Assets (USD)
+      -Boat (JMD)
+-Equity (USD)
+   -Opening Balances (USD)
+      -USD (USD)
 
 Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
  </literallayout>
@@ -564,11 +564,11 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
       account structure:</para>
 
       <literallayout>
-Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK     (0694.HK)
-Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank        (HKD)
-Equity:Opening Balances:HKD                            (HKD)
-Expenses:Commissions:Boom.0694.HK                      (HKD)
-Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK (0694.HK)
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank (HKD)
+Equity:Opening Balances:HKD (HKD)
+Expenses:Commissions:Boom.0694.HK (HKD)
+Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
       </literallayout>
 
       <para>The Chart of Accounts looks like this after creating all the
@@ -623,12 +623,21 @@ Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
       purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
       (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
       the following:</para>
-<literallayout>
-Buy Stocks
-	Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank  Withdrawal 50,000
-	Expenses:Investments:Commission:Boom_HKD	Deposit 500
-	Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:0694  Deposit 49,500 (16,500 shares)
-</literallayout>
+<bridgehead renderas='sect4'>Buy Stocks</bridgehead>
+<informaltable frame='none' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
+      <tgroup cols='3'>
+	<colspec colwidth='3*' align='left'/>
+	<colspec colwidth='1*' align='left'/>
+	<colspec colwidth='1*' align='right'/>
+	<tbody>
+	<row><entry>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</entry><entry>Withdrawal</entry><entry>50,000</entry></row>
+	<row><entry>Expenses:Investments:Commission:Boom_HKD</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>500</entry></row>
+	<row><entry>Assets:Investments:Brokerage
+	Account:Boom:0694</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>49,500
+	(16,500 shares)</entry></row>
+	</tbody>
+      </tgroup>
+</informaltable>
 
       <para>If the exchange rate dialog box does not appear automatically,
       right-click on the stock row, and select <guilabel>Edit
@@ -707,8 +716,9 @@ Buy Stocks
     structure would suffice:</para>
 
     <literallayout>
-    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank    (USD)
-    Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX     (XXX)</literallayout>
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX (XXX)
+    </literallayout>
 
     <para>You would simply enter transfers between the two accounts, noting 
     exchange rates as you went.</para>
@@ -717,10 +727,11 @@ Buy Stocks
     as well as any fees, you do need a more complex account structure, such as:</para>
 
     <literallayout>
-    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank                    (USD)
-    Assets:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX       (XXX)
-    Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX     (XXX)
-    Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX  (XXX)</literallayout>
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX (XXX)
+    Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX (XXX)
+    Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX (XXX)
+    </literallayout>
 
     <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
       <title>Purchasing Currency</title>
@@ -730,12 +741,19 @@ Buy Stocks
       For example, you might buy USD 10,000 worth of Andorran Francs, at 5 Francs
       to the dollar, with a transaction fee of $150.</para>
       
-<literallayout>
-Buy Currency
-	Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank                  Withdrawal     10,000
-	Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:ADF   Deposit           150
-	Assets:Investments:Currency:ADF                   Deposit        49,250 
-</literallayout>
+      <bridgehead renderas='sect4'>Buy Currency</bridgehead>
+      <informaltable frame='none' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
+      <tgroup cols='3'>
+	<colspec colwidth='5*' align='left'/>
+	<colspec colwidth='2*' align='left'/>
+	<colspec colwidth='1*' align='right'/>
+	<tbody>
+	  <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry><entry>Withdrawal</entry><entry>10,000</entry></row>
+	  <row><entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:ADF</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>150</entry></row>
+	  <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:ADF</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>49,250</entry></row>
+	</tbody>
+      </tgroup>
+      </informaltable>
 
     <para>The Exchange Rate window should pop up when you
       leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
@@ -769,55 +787,19 @@ Buy Currency
         <title>Selling a currency with a Split Transaction Scheme</title>
 
         <tgroup cols="3">
+	  <colspec colwidth='3*' align='left'/>
+	  <colspec colwidth='1*' align='center'/>
+	  <colspec colwidth='1*' align='center'/>
+	  <thead>
+            <row><entry>Account</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>Withdrawal</entry></row>
+	  </thead>
           <tbody>
             <row>
-              <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
-
-              <entry><emphasis>Deposit</emphasis></entry>
-
-              <entry><emphasis>Withdrawal</emphasis></entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry>
-
-              <entry>Sold Amount - Exchange Fee</entry>
-
-              <entry></entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX</entry>
-
-              <entry>Exchange Fee</entry>
-
-              <entry></entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry>
-
-              <entry></entry>
-
-              <entry>Sold Amount</entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital
-              Gains:XXX</entry>
-
-              <entry>[LOSS]</entry>
-
-              <entry>PROFIT</entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry>
-
-              <entry>PROFIT (with To Amount = 0)</entry>
-
-              <entry>[LOSS (with To Amount = 0) ]</entry>
-            </row>
+              <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry> <entry>Sold Amount - Exchange Fee</entry> <entry></entry> </row> 
+            <row> <entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX</entry> <entry>Exchange Fee</entry> <entry></entry> </row>
+	    <row> <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry> <entry></entry> <entry>Sold Amount</entry> </row>
+	    <row> <entry>Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX</entry> <entry>[LOSS]</entry> <entry>PROFIT</entry> </row> 
+            <row> <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry> <entry>PROFIT (with To Amount = 0)</entry> <entry>[LOSS (with To Amount = 0) ]</entry> </row>
           </tbody>
         </tgroup>
       </table>
@@ -839,4 +821,4 @@ Buy Currency
     accounts.</para>
   </sect1>
 
-</chapter>
\ No newline at end of file
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
index f1c14cd..6a16bc2 100644
--- a/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
 <!-- HTML codes unknown to xmllint and xml2po: --><!ENTITY lsquo "‘">
 <!ENTITY rsquo "’">
@@ -7778,170 +7780,404 @@ Entrate
 
 
       <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
+        <para><quote>a set of goods for sale together in an auction; or a
+          quantity of a financial instrument</quote>.
+        </para>
 
-      <screenshot id="invest-split4">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split4.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
-          </imageobject>
-
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+        <para>
+          <application>GnuCash</application> has a built-in lot management
+          facility that can be used to keep track of capital gains or losses
+          resulting from security sales. Buy and sell transactions are put into
+          lots for the purpose of calculating the cost of the sale. More
+          specifically, a lot is used to link particular buy and sell
+          transaction splits. Lots can be automatically or manually created and
+          linked. Capital gain or loss can be automatically calculated and
+          transaction(s) created for the difference between the sale value and
+          the cost of the securities sold. <application>GnuCash</application>
+          refers to this process as <emphasis>scrubbing</emphasis>.
+        </para>
 
-          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</para>
-          </caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+        <para>The term <emphasis>scrub</emphasis> is used because security
+          accounts need to be cleaned after sales to ensure the difference
+          between the cost paid for securities, and value received from selling
+          them, is accounted for as capital gain or loss. If the capital
+          gain/loss is not correct, the Trial Balance
+          (<menuchoice>
+            <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+            <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+            <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
+          </menuchoice>) bottom line total debits will not balance to
+            total credits.
+        </para>
 
-      <para>Una finestra finale di <guilabel>Termina</guilabel> proporrà diverse opzioni: <guibutton>Annulla</guibutton>, <guibutton>Indietro</guibutton> per annullare o modificare i dati inseriti, e <guibutton>Applica</guibutton> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
+        <note><para>If you make an error, you can delete the capital gain/loss
+          transaction(s) and lot(s) and retry.</para>
+        </note>
 
-      <screenshot id="invest-simplesplit1">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_simplesplit1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
-          </imageobject>
+        <para>
+          If you are not familiar with FIFO, LIFO or Average costing, please see
+          Wikipedia <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_and_LIFO_accounting">
+            FIFO and LIFO accounting</ulink> and <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_cost_method">
+              Average cost method</ulink>.
+        </para>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Esempio di una transazione relativa a un semplice frazionamento azionario, nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+        <para>
+          If you are not familiar with the difference between <application>GnuCash
+          </application> transactions and splits, please see
+          <xref linkend="txns-registers-txntypes"/>.
+        </para>
 
-          <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:DRIPs:NST<emphasis> dopo l’inserimento di una transazione per un semplice frazionamento azionario.</emphasis></emphasis></para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+        <para>
+          The <application>GnuCash</application> lot management facility can be a
+          useful feature, reducing manual calculation, especially if dividends
+          have been reinvested over years and there are many different costs
+          involved. It can automatically link buy transactions to sell
+          transactions using FIFO cost method and one can manually link specific
+          buy transactions to sell transactions in order to use LIFO.
+          Advanced Portfolio Report basis costs and gains/losses will agree with
+          the costs and gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing if either
+          the FIFO or LIFO cost methods are used.
+        </para>
+      </sect3>
 
-    </sect2>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellLotsWin">
+        <title>Lots in Account Window</title>
+        <para>
+          The <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window, where SSSS is
+          a security account, is used to manually or automatically link
+          security transaction splits to lots and create capital gain/loss
+          transactions to account for the difference between the costs of buying
+          a security and the value received by selling it.
+        </para>
 
-<!--  Moderately Complex Stock Merger
+        <para>To open the <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window, open the
+          security account register, then select
+          <menuchoice>
+            <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+            <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
+          </menuchoice>.
+        </para>
 
--->
+        <figure pgwide="1">
+          <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots in Account window
+          </title>
+          <screenshot id="tool-lotsInAcct">
+            <mediaobject>
+              <imageobject role="html">
+              <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+              </imageobject>
+              <imageobject role="fo">
+                <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+              </imageobject>
 
-      <sect2 id="invest-merger1">
-        <title>Fusione azionaria moderatamente complessa</title>
+              <textobject>
+                <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window</phrase>
+              </textobject>
 
-      <para>Come esempio, si assuma di aver posseduto delle azioni AT&T durante la fusione avvenuta il 18 Novembre 2005 della SBC con AT&T. In questo esempio si ipotizzerà di aver acquistato le azioni AT&T il 1° Aprile 2005, che i divendi siano stati pagati in liquidi e quindi che non siano stati inseriti nel registro delle azioni AT&T.</para>
+              <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+                </emphasis> window.</para>
+              </caption>
+            </mediaobject>
+          </screenshot>
+        </figure>
 
-      <para>Le condizioni della fusione sancivano che 0,77942 azioni di SBC fossero scambiate per ogni azione AT&T. La società derivante dalla fusione continuò a utilizzare il simbolo <quote>T</quote> da AT&T.</para>
+        <para>Refer to the Help Manual, Chapter 8 Tools & Assistants,
+          <ulink url="https://www.gnucash.org/docs/v2.6/C/gnucash-help/tool-lots.html">
+            Lots in Account
+          </ulink> for details of the Lots in Account screen elements.
+        </para>
+      </sect3>
 
-      <para>AT&T fornì dei <quote>dividendi</quote> di €1,20/azione alla data della transazione, comunque questa operazione non apparirà nel conto delle azioni dato che si trattò di una distribuzione in liquidi.</para>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellProcedure">
+        <title>Procedure Summary</title>
 
-      <para>Il processo di inserimento di questa transazione è identico al frazionamento semplice fino alla schermata dei <quote>Dettagli</quote>. Sarà necessario creare una voce di frazionamento in ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto investimenti:Azioni</emphasis> che ha delle azioni frazionate.</para>
+        <para>Using the lot management facility for the automatic calculation of
+          capital gain or loss typically follows these steps:
+        </para>
 
-      <screenshot id="invest-merge2">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
-          </imageobject>
+        <orderedlist>
+          <!-- Manual Lot Creation and Linking -->
+          <listitem><para><xref linkend="invest-sellManual"/>  (Optional
+            depending on cost method)</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2.</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+          <listitem>
+            <!-- Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions -->
+            <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAuto"/></para>
+          </listitem>
 
-          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione (<emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis>).</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+          <listitem>
+            <!-- Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account -->
+            <para><xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/></para>
+          </listitem>
 
+          <listitem>
+            <!-- Run a Trial Balance  -->
+            <para><xref linkend="invest-sellTrialBal"/> report to ensure total
+              debits balance to total credits</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-      <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Conto brokeraggio:Azioni:T</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
+        </orderedlist>
 
-      <para>La finestra seguente per i dettagli del frazionamento azionario, contiene 5 campi:</para>
+      </sect3>
 
-      <itemizedlist>
-        <listitem>
-          <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento. Per questo esempio si inserirà 18 Novembre 2005.</para>
-        </listitem>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellManual">
+        <title>Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
-          <para>Nell’esempio in oggetto si tratta di un frazionamenti di 0,77942 per 1 e quindi il numero di azioni diminuisce rispetto a quello attualmente presente nel registro. È possibile avvalersi della capacità di <application>&app;</application> di eseguire i calcoli nelle celle inserendo direttamente i dati (Es: <quote>(0,77942*100)-100</quote>) per calcolare la diminuzione delle azioni derivante dal frazionamento.</para>
-        </listitem>
+        <para>Before using this feature, ensure you have read
+          <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations"/>.
+        </para>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
-        </listitem>
+        <para>This functionality allows the manual linking of specfic buy and
+          sell transactions. It may be used in the case where a user wishes to
+          use a different cost method than the automatic linking method (FIFO).
+          Effectively, if one wishes the cost basis and capital gains in the
+          Advanced Portfolio Report to be consistent with the capital gains
+          transactions created by scrubbing, manual lot creation only needs to
+          be used when using LIFO or <quote>sale of designated lots</quote>
+          (the same thing for securities as far as US personal tax law is
+          concerned). This is because the scrub function can automatically do
+          FIFO linking so there is no need to do it manually and scrubbing
+          cannot be used for average costing.
+        </para>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
-        </listitem>
+        <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellManualExample"/>.
+        </para>
+      </sect3>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
-        </listitem>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellAuto">
+        <title>Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions</title>
+        <note><para>Do <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this unless you are using
+          FIFO or LIFO to cost sales. See
+          <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations"/></para>
+        </note>
 
       </itemizedlist>
 
       <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
 
-      <screenshot id="invest-merge3">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
-          </imageobject>
-
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3.</phrase>
-          </textobject>
-
-          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-
-      <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
+        <para>See:</para>
+        <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample"/></para>
+        <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample2"/></para>
+        <para><xref linkend="invest-sellFifoSplit"/></para>
+      </sect3>
 
-      <para>Una schermata finale di <quote>Termine</quote> fornirà infine le opzioni per tornare <guimenu>Indietro</guimenu>, allo scopo di modificare le informazioni inserite in precedenza, e di <guimenu>Applica</guimenu> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct">
+        <title>Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
 
-      <screenshot id="invest-stockmerge1">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockmerge1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
-          </imageobject>
+        <para>
+          The capital gain/loss transaction(s) created by scrubbing uses an
+          automatically created generic <emphasis>Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis>
+          account (where CCC is the security currency) because <application>
+          GnuCash</application> doesn't know which capital gain or loss account
+          should be used. After scrubbing, the user should edit the <emphasis>
+          Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
+          income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or loss
+          account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
+        </para>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Esempio di transazione per un frazionamento azionario di moderata difficoltà, inserita nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+        <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample"/>.
+        </para>
+      </sect3>
 
-          <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del <emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis> dopo aver inserito la transazione relativa al frazionamento azionario che comporta la diminuzione delle azioni.</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellTrialBal">
+        <title>Run a Trial Balance</title>
+        <para>Running a Trial Balance report
+          (<menuchoice>
+            <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+            <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+            <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
+          </menuchoice>) after creating capital gain/loss
+          transactions, is a basic check that capital gains/losses are
+          correctly accounting for the difference between the cost paid for
+          securities, and value received from selling them. At the end of the
+          report, total debits should equal total credits.
+        </para>
 
-    </sect2>
+        <tip>
+          <para>A Trial Balance may not balance due to some other problem. To
+            determine if the cause of an imbalance is from incorrectly
+            accounting for capital gain/loss:
+          </para>
 
-  </sect1>
+          <para>If necessary, temporarily change the date of the sell
+            transaction and the capital gain/loss transaction, so they are
+            the only transactions for a particular date, then run the Trial
+            Balance as at the day before. If the Trial Balance is still out
+            by the same amount, it is not the capital gain/loss that is
+            causing the problem.
+          </para>
 
+          <para>If you find a prior <emphasis>out of balance
+            </emphasis> Trial Balance, keep running the Trial Balance
+            report with different dates until you find the date it starts
+            being out of balance. Temporarily change the transaction dates
+            for each transaction on the problem date to the following
+            day, then change the dates back to the correct date 1 at a time,
+            running the Trial Balance each time, until you identify the
+            problem transaction. When you change the date of a security
+            sell transaction, you also need to change the date of the
+            corresponding capital gain transaction as it is only the
+            sum of these that will balance in the Trial Balance.
+          </para>
+        </tip>
+      </sect3>
 
-<!--  Working Location  !!!!!!!!!!!!
-  <sect1 id="invest-todo1">
-    <title>To-do</title>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellConsiderations">
+        <title>Considerations</title>
 
-    <para>These are the remaining documentation sections that originally
-    appeared in the 1.8.4 documentation which require being written up.</para>
+        <para>There are some points that should be considered before using the
+          lot management facility.
+        </para>
 
-    <itemizedlist>
+        <orderedlist>
+          <listitem>
+            <para><application>GnuCash</application> implements only the First In/
+              First Out (FIFO) cost method when automatically linking buy
+              transactions to sell transactions. I.e. The oldest securities are
+              always sold first. The Last In First Out (LIFO) cost method may be
+              used by manually linking the most recent buy security splits to
+              the sell split before scrubbing.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
 
+          <listitem>
+            <para>The Advanced Portfolio Report does not use lot information
+              when calculating costs, just the security transaction splits. It
+              calculates the cost basis and gains or losses using the selected
+              <emphasis>Basis calculation method</emphasis> report option
+              (Average, FIFO or LIFO). If one wishes the Advanced Portfolio
+              Report costs and gains/losses to be consistent with the capital
+              gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing, the same cost model
+              must be used in both places.
+            </para>
+         </listitem>
 
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Scrubbing does not work correctly if there has been a previous
+              sale where the capital gain splits have been manually entered as
+              part of the sale transaction. Therefore ensure previous sales are
+              recorded as 2 transactions:
+            </para>
 
--->
+            <table>
+              <title>Transaction 1 dealing with value received, reduction of the
+                number of shares and (optionally) commission
+              </title>
+              <tgroup cols="5">
+                <tbody>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
+                  </row>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Brokerage or Bank</entry>
+                    <entry/>
+                    <entry/>
+                    <entry>Debit</entry>
+                   <entry/>
+                  </row>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Commission (optional)</entry>
+                    <entry/>
+                    <entry/>
+                    <entry>Debit</entry>
+                    <entry/>
+                  </row>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Titolo</entry>
+                    <entry>-NumSold</entry>
+                    <entry>SaleUnitPrice</entry>
+                    <entry/>
+                    <entry>SaleValue</entry>
+                  </row>
+                </tbody>
+              </tgroup>
+            </table>
 
-<!--
-      <listitem>
-        <para>Recording Stock Splits and Mergers (How-To)</para>
-      </listitem>
-      <listitem>
-        <para>Reconciling with the Brokerage Statement (How-To)</para>
-      </listitem>
+            <table>
+              <title>Transaction 2 capital gain/loss (loss in this example)
+              </title>
+              <tgroup cols="5">
+                <tbody>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
+                  </row>
+                  <row>
+                      <entry>Capital Loss</entry>
+                      <entry/>
+                      <entry/>
+                      <entry>Debit</entry>
+                      <entry/>
+                  </row>
+                  <row>
+                      <entry>Titolo</entry>
+                      <entry>0</entry>
+                      <entry>0</entry>
+                      <entry/>
+                      <entry>Credit</entry>
+                  </row>
+                </tbody>
+              </tgroup>
+            </table>
+          </listitem>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>Recording Employee Stock Plans (Discussion)</para>
-      </listitem>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>The automatic capital gains calculations can handle
+              straightforward buy, sell, and return of capital transactions but
+              any transaction that affect the number of shares, even simple
+              splits, will cause it to produce wrong answers so those cases must
+              be handled manually.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </orderedlist>
+      </sect3>
 
-      <listitem>
-        <para>Stock Options (How-To)</para>
-      </listitem>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellManualExample">
+        <title>Example of Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
 
-    </itemizedlist>
-  </sect1>
--->
-</chapter>
+        <para>Here is an example of selling part of a security holding using
+          the LIFO method. In this example, the most recent buy transaction
+          (dated 01/07/2016, a reinvested dividend), is linked to a lot, along
+          with the sell transaction, and the <application>GnuCash</application>
+          scrub function is used to calculate capital gain or loss and create
+          the capital gain/loss transaction.
+        </para>
+
+        <orderedlist>
+          <listitem><para>Open the security account's register.</para>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Security register before
+                scrubbing a single lot
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest-lots0reg">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of security register before lot scrubbing
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
+
+                  <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+                    transaction journal view, before lot scrubbing.</para>
+                  </caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
+          </listitem>
 
 <!--
       (Do not remove this comment block.)
@@ -8575,50 +8811,129 @@ an empty report will be generated.</para>
 <chapter id="chapter_capgain">
   <title>Guadagni in conto capitale</title>
 
-  <para>Questo capitolo introdurrà alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per tenere traccia dei guadagni e delle perdite realizzate e non realizzate, meglio noti come guadagni o perdite in conto capitale.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="capgain_concepts1">
-    <title>Concetti base</title>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Select
+            <menuchoice>
+              <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+              <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
+            </menuchoice> to open the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel>
+            window where SSSS is the security account.
+            </para>
 
-    <para>Questo capitolo introdurrà alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per tenere traccia dei guadagni e delle perdite realizzate e non realizzate, meglio noti come guadagni o perdite in conto capitale.</para>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
+                single lot
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest-lots1B4CreateLot">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
 
-    <para>Alcuni capitali re investibili possono variare il loro valore nel tempo come, per esempio, le azioni, le obbligazioni, gli immobili o le auto. Alcune attività (es: le azioni) possono aumentare in valore mentre altre (es: un’auto) posso perdere valore. È importante essere in grado di valutare queste variazioni nel valore del capitale: questo capitolo illustrerà come procedere.</para>
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before lot scrubbing
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
 
-    <para>Probabilmente tutto ciò che si possiede aumenterà o diminuirà il proprio valore al trascorrere del tempo; quindi è importante capire per quali di questi beni sia indicato tracciarne le variazioni del valore. Si consiglia di tracciare il valore solamente per quei beni che potranno essere venduti in futuro in cambio di liquidi o che sono relativi alle imposte.</para>
+                  <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+                    </emphasis> window before lot scrubbing.</para></caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>I beni consumabili (es: il cibo, il carburante per l’auto, o la carta per la stampante) ovviamente non risultano interessati dall’argomento; inoltre, anche se il nuovo abito che si è appena acquistato perderà valore, non si desidererà tracciare questa diminuzione dato che non si avrà l’intenzione di rivenderlo e non si dovranno pagare delle imposte per la svalutazione dell’abito. Quindi, per questo esempio, l’acquisto di un nuovo abito dovrebbe essere registrato come una semplice uscita...i soldi spesi sono andati (!).</para>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Create a new lot using the <guimenu>New Lot</guimenu> button.
+            Initially this lot is not linked to any buy or sell split.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>La rivalutazione (aumento del valore) di un bene avviene quando ciò che si possiede aumenta il proprio valore al trascorrere del tempo. Quando si possiede un bene che ha aumentato il proprio valore, la differenza tra il suo prezzo di acquisto e il suo nuovo valore prende il nome di <emphasis>guadagno non realizzato</emphasis>. Quando il bene viene venduto, il profitto che se ne ricava è noto con il nome di <emphasis>guadagno realizzato</emphasis> o <emphasis>guadagno in conto capitale</emphasis>. Un esempio di bene da cui è possibile avere dei guadagni non realizzati ed eventualmente dei guadagni in conto capitale, è una azione di una società pubblicamente scambiata.</para>
-  </sect1>
+          <listitem><para>Highlight the new lot in the <guilabel>Lots in This
+            Account</guilabel> panel.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-  <sect1 id="capgain_value1">
-    <title>Stimare il valore</title>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Highlight the buy split (dated 01/07/2016) of the
+              security to be sold in the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> panel.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>Come ricordato nell’introduzione di questo capitolo, i guadagni in conto capitale sono i profitti ottenuti dalla vendita di un bene. In questa sezione verrà descritto come tracciare i guadagni in capitale in <application>&app;</application>.</para>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the buy
+            split with the highlighted lot. The split moves from the <guilabel>
+            Splits free</guilabel> panel to the <guilabel>Splits in Lot
+            </guilabel> panel.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>I metodi contabili per trattare le rivalutazioni di un bene, sono in qualche modo diversi da quelli per le svalutazioni dato che generalmente si è interessati solamente al momento in cui si rivende il bene e si ottiene un guadagno in capitale; questo è in contrasto con la natura continua del deprezzamento. I guadagni in conto capitale sono un argomento importante nella sfera di influenza della tassazione, poiché i governi tendono a essere interessati a far gravare le imposte sui guadagni in conto capitale in un modo o nell’altro.</para>
+          <listitem><para>Repeat the previous 2 steps for any other buy splits
+            that should be included in the lot (in this example, there is only
+            1 buy split in the sale).</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <note>
-      <para>Come sempre, esistono delle eccezioni. Se si possiede un’obbligazione che paga tutti gli interessi a maturazione, le autorità preposte alla tassazione richiedono spesso che venga riconosciuto un interesse ogni anno e si rifiutano di trattarli come un guadagno in conto capitale. Si consultino le normative Nazionali a riguardo dei beni che possono essere tassati nell’eventualità che ne derivi un guadagno in conto capitale.</para>
-    </note>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Highlight the sell split in the <guilabel>Splits free
+              </guilabel> panel.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>Stimare l’accrescimento del valore di un bene non è generalmente cosa facile dato che spesso è difficoltoso conoscerne il valore prima dell’effettiva vendita.</para>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the sell
+              split with the highlighted lot.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>I titoli scambiati quotidianamente nei mercati aperti come le Borse, rappresentano probabilmente la tipologia più semplice di bene per cui predire un valore e vendere il bene al prezzo di mercato è semplice quanto chiamare il proprio Brocker (mediatore). Per contro, la stima del valore di una casa è ben più complesso. Le case sono vendute meno frequentemente delle azioni, e la compravendita consiste di grandi sforzi e negoziazioni per cui le stime tendono a essere meno precise. Allo stesso modo, la vendita di un’auto prevede delle trattative che rendono il prezzo meno prevedibile.</para>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Check the lot <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> is as expected.
+              I.e. in this example the lot balance should be zero as the number
+              of securities sold in the lot, is matched with the same number of
+              security buys.
+            </para>
 
-    <para>Il valore di oggetti da collezione quali gioielli, opere d’arte, figurine e modellini è di ancora più difficile stima. I mercati per questi oggetti sono di nicchia e quindi meno aperti rispetto a quelli delle azioni e delle case. Ancora peggio sono i beni unici nel loro genere; le fabbriche, generalmente, possiedono dei macchinari che costano centinaia di migliaia di euro, costruiti appositamente per realizzare determinati prodotti. Queste apparecchiature non hanno valore al di fuori di un contesto specifico. In questi casi, diverse valutazioni in conflitto tra loro possono essere assegnate al bene e nessuna di esse è <quote>in assoluto</quote> corretta.</para>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
+                single lot, after manual linking
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest-lots2B4Scrub1Lot">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
 
-    <para>Come regola generale della contabilità per quanto riguarda la stima dei guadagni non realizzati (o perdite), si dovrebbe solamente valutare di nuovo dei beni quali le azioni che possono essere rivendute immediatamente e per le quali esistono delle stime affidabili del valore. Per tutti gli altri beni, è meglio attendere semplicemente il momento della vendita, nel quale è possibile determinare esattamente il guadagno in conto capitale. Naturalmente non esiste una regola scritta per questo e infatti diversi contabili adottano diversi comportamenti in questi casi.</para>
-  </sect1>
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before scrubbing a
+                      single lot
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
 
-  <sect1 id="capgain_accounts1">
-    <title>Impostare i conti</title>
+                  <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+                    </emphasis> window before scrubbing a single lot.</para>
+                  </caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>Come nella maggior parte delle applicazioni della contabilità, esistono diverse metodologie per configurare i guadagni in conto capitale. Nel seguito verrà presentato un metodo generale sufficientemente versatile per essere applicato nella maggior parte delle situazioni. Il primo conto di cui si ha bisogno è quello del <emphasis>Costo del bene</emphasis> (conto di <application>&app;</application> del tipo <guilabel>Attività</guilabel>), che rappresenta la posizione in cui verrà registrato l’acquisto originale del bene. Normalmente l’acquisto avviene con una transazione dal proprio conto bancario.</para>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button (<emphasis>NOT
+              </emphasis> the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button).
+            </para>
 
-    <para>Per tenere traccia della rivalutazione di un bene, saranno necessari tre conti. Il primo è un conto delle attività per i <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> dove verranno inseriti tutti gli importi delle rivalutazioni. Il conto dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> sarà bilanciato da un conto delle entrate per i <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>, in cui saranno registrate tutte le rivalutazioni periodiche. Infine, è necessario un ulteriore conto per le entrate, denominato <emphasis>Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> in cui verranno registrati i guadagni in conto capitale derivanti dalla vendita del bene.</para>
+            <para>The <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window has not
+              changed after using the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button
+              so no example screen image is supplied.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>Sotto è riportata una generica struttura dei conti adatta a tracciare la rivalutazione di due beni, <emphasis>BENE1</emphasis> e <emphasis>BENE2</emphasis>. Il conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:BENE1:Costo</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> mentre il conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:BENE1:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (lo stesso discorso vale per il BENE2).</para>
+          <listitem><para>Continue to
+            <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/></para>
+          </listitem>
+        </orderedlist>
+      </sect3>
 
     <literallayout>
 -Assets
@@ -8637,286 +8952,573 @@ an empty report will be generated.</para>
   </literallayout>
   </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="capgain_example1">
-    <title>Esempio</title>
+        <para>Create the capital gains transaction by following these steps:
+        </para>
 
-    <para>Si supponga di acquistare un bene per cui si prevede un aumento del valore, quale un quadro di Degas, e di volerne tenere traccia (se ne occuperà la compagnia di assicurazione, anche se nessun altro lo farà).</para>
+        <orderedlist>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Open the security account's register.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <para>Start with an account hierarchy similar to that shown in <xref linkend="capgain_accounts1"/>, but replace <quote>ITEM1</quote> with <quote>Degas</quote> and you
-    can remove the <quote>ITEM2</quote> accounts. We will assume that the Degas painting
-    had an initial value of one hundred thousand dollars. Begin by giving your
-    self $100,000 in the bank and then transferring that from your bank
-    account to your <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</emphasis> account (the asset
-    purchase transaction). You should now have a main account window which
-    appears like this:</para>
+          <listitem><para>Ensure the sell transaction has been entered with no
+            splits for capital gains or losses.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-    <screenshot id="capgain_appmain">
-      <mediaobject>
-        <imageobject>
-          <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_appmain.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-        </imageobject>
+          <listitem><para>Select <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+            <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
+            <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
+            security account.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-        <textobject>
-          <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
-        </textobject>
+          <listitem><para>If using LIFO, use the above procedure
+            <xref linkend="invest-sellManual"/> to create a lot for each sell
+            transaction, link the lot with the sell transaction and each of
+            the buy transactions that make up the sale.</para>
+          </listitem>
 
-        <caption><para>La finestra principale dell’esempio sulla rivalutazione di un bene</para></caption>
-      </mediaobject>
-    </screenshot>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button which:
+            </para>
 
-    <sect2 id="capgain_exampleunrealized2">
-      <title>Guadagni non realizzati</title>
+            <itemizedlist>
+              <listitem>
+                <para>Creates lots for any buy transactions that are not already
+                  linked to a lot and links them to sell transactions splits
+                  using the FIFO method. As a transaction split can only
+                  be linked to 1 lot, if a sell transaction needs to be linked
+                  to multiple lots, the sell transaction split is itself split
+                  into multiple subsplits. In the case of multiple subsplits,
+                  it is possible to have different splits from the same
+                  transaction in both the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> and
+                  <guilabel>Splits in lot</guilabel> panels.
+                </para>
+              </listitem>
 
-      <para>Un mese dopo, si ha ragione di credere che il valore del quadro sia aumentato di €10.000 (un guadagno non realizzato). Per registrare questo aumento, occorre inserire un trasferimento di €10.000 dal conto dei propri <emphasis>guadagni accumulabili</emphasis> (<emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>) al conto dei <emphasis>guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (<emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>). La finestra principale assomiglierà a questa:</para>
+              <listitem><para>Creates a separate transaction per lot for
+                capital gain/loss.</para>
 
-      <screenshot id="capgain_app2main">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app2main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-          </imageobject>
+                <note><para>
+		  If there are already gain/loss splits as part of a sell
+                  transaction, <application>GnuCash</application> scrubbing does
+                  not recognize them. So if manually adding gain/loss,
+                  separate gain/loss transaction splits from the transaction
+                  that reduces the <guilabel>No of Shares</guilabel>) by putting
+                  them in a separate transaction if you may use scrubbing in
+                  future.</para>
+                </note>
+              </listitem>
+            </itemizedlist>
+          </listitem>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+          <listitem><para>Continue with the instructions in the next section.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
 
-          <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento del guadagno non realizzato</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-    </sect2>
+        </orderedlist>
+      </sect3>
 
-    <sect2 id="capgain_examplesell2">
-      <title>Vendere</title>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample2">
+        <title>Example 2 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+          Transactions - 2 Sales at Once</title>
 
-      <para>Si supponga che un altro mese dopo i prezzi dei quadri di Degas siano saliti ancora un po’, in questo caso di circa €20.000, come dalle proprie stime. Puntualmente si registreranno i €20.000 come entrate derivanti da guadagni non realizzati; poi si decide di vendere il quadro.</para>
+        <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot creation.
+          In this example, the transactions for 2 sales are scrubbed at once
+          but usually scrubbing would be performed after each sale. One reason
+          for scrubbing 2 sales at once, could be because there were multiple
+          sales on the same day.
+        </para>
 
-      <para>Si presentano tre possibilità: si potrebbero aver <emphasis>correttamente stimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati, <emphasis>sottostimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati o <emphasis>sovrastimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati.</para>
+        <figure pgwide="1">
+          <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register before Scrub Account
+          </title>
+          <screenshot id="invest2-lots0reg">
+            <mediaobject>
+              <imageobject role="html">
+              <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+              </imageobject>
+              <imageobject role="fo">
+                <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+              </imageobject>
 
-      <orderedlist>
-        <listitem>
-          <para><emphasis>Stima accurata</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
+              <textobject>
+                <phrase>Example of security register before Scrub Account is used.
+                </phrase>
+              </textobject>
 
-          <para>Le proprie stime ottimistiche del prezzo del quadro erano corrette. Prima di tutto si deve registrare che i profitti ottenuti sono ora guadagni realizzati, e non guadagni non realizzati. Questo si effettua trasferendo le entrate dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> al conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis>.</para>
+              <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+                transaction journal view, before Scrub Account is used.</para>
+              </caption>
+            </mediaobject>
+          </screenshot>
+        </figure>
 
-          <para>In secondo luogo, occorre accreditare il conto bancario con il prezzo di vendita del quadro. Questo denaro proviene direttamente dal sottoconto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas</emphasis>. Si trasferisca l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis>.</para>
+        <orderedlist>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Select <menuchoice>
+              <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+              <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
+              <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
+              security account.
+            </para>
 
-          <para>Queste transazioni dovrebbero apparire così:</para>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before Scrub Account
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest2-lots1B4ScrubAcct">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
 
-          <para><table>
-              <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before Scrub Account
+                      is used.
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
 
-              <tgroup cols="4">
-                <tbody>
-                  <row>
-                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+                  <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+                    </emphasis> window before Scrub Account is used.</para>
+                  </caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
+          </listitem>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
-
-                    <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button.</para>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
-                  </row>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots after Scrub Account
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest2-lots2AftScrubAcct">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window after using Scrub
+                      Account
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
 
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
+                  <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+                    </emphasis> window after using Scrub Account.</para>
+                  </caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
 
-                    <entry>€30.000</entry>
+            <note>
+              <para>After using the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button only
+                the last lot is shown, so the above image is after the <guilabel>
+                Lots in Account</guilabel> window has been closed and reopened so
+                all the lots show.
+              </para>
+            </note>
+          </listitem>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window and
+              return to the security account register.
+            </para>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub Account
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest2-lots3AftScrubAcct">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of security register after using Scrub Account
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
 
-                    <entry>€100.000</entry>
+                  <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
+                    </emphasis> after using Scrub Account.</para>
+                  </caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
+            <note>
+              <para>The security splits in the sell transactions have been split
+                into subsplits, one subsplit per lot, and a capital gain transaction
+                has been created for each security subsplit of each sell
+                transaction.
+              </para>
+            </note>
+          </listitem>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Continue to <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/>
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </orderedlist>
+      </sect3>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellFifoSplit">
+        <title>Example 3 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+          Transactions - After a Simple Stock Split</title>
+        <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot
+          creation/linking, where the Stock Split Assistant has been used for a
+          simple stock split. In this example, 100 shares of security XYZ were
+          bought for $10.00 each, there was a simple 2 for 1 stock split for
+          zero cost (so the holding was then 200 shares @ $5.00 each), then all
+          200 shares were sold for $6.00 each.
+        </para>
 
-                    <entry>€30.000</entry>
+        <figure pgwide="1">
+          <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub Account
+          </title>
+          <screenshot id="investLotsSplitReg">
+            <mediaobject>
+              <imageobject role="html">
+              <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+              </imageobject>
+              <imageobject role="fo">
+                <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+              </imageobject>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
-                </tbody>
-              </tgroup>
-            </table></para>
+              <textobject>
+                <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+                </phrase>
+              </textobject>
 
-          <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €130.000 ed €30.000.</para>
+              <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+                transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+              </caption>
+            </mediaobject>
+          </screenshot>
+        </figure>
 
-          <screenshot id="capgain_app3main">
+        <figure pgwide="1">
+          <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 0 after Scrub Account
+          </title>
+          <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot0">
             <mediaobject>
-              <imageobject>
-                <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app3main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+              <imageobject role="html">
+              <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+              </imageobject>
+              <imageobject role="fo">
+                <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
               </imageobject>
 
               <textobject>
-                <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
+                <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+                </phrase>
               </textobject>
 
-              <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento dei guadagni realizzati</para></caption>
+              <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+                transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+              </caption>
             </mediaobject>
           </screenshot>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para><emphasis>Sottostima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
-
-          <para>You were over-optimistic about the value of the painting.
-          Instead of the $130000 you thought the painting was worth you are only
-          offered $120000. But you still decide to sell, because you value
-          $120000 more than you value the painting. The numbers change a
-          little bit, but not too dramatically.</para>
+        </figure>
 
-          <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>):</para>
+        <figure pgwide="1">
+          <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 1 after Scrub Account
+          </title>
+          <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot1">
+            <mediaobject>
+              <imageobject role="html">
+              <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+              </imageobject>
+              <imageobject role="fo">
+                <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+              </imageobject>
 
-          <para><table>
-              <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
+              <textobject>
+                <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+                </phrase>
+              </textobject>
 
-              <tgroup cols="4">
-                <tbody>
-                  <row>
-                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+              <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+                transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+              </caption>
+            </mediaobject>
+          </screenshot>
+        </figure>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
+        <para>
+          The above screen shots show that scrubbing created:
+        </para>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
+        <para>2 lots. A separate lot for each buy (it essentially treats the
+          stock split as a buy of 100 for no cost)
+        </para>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
-                  </row>
+        <para>2 capital gain transactions (one for each lot) on the date of the
+          sale:
+        </para>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+        <itemizedlist>
+          <listitem><para>
+            Lot 0: 1/7/2009 loss $400 (sale $600 - cost $1000)</para>
+          </listitem>
+          <listitem><para>
+            Lot 1: 1/7/2009 gain $600 (sale $600 - cost $0)</para>
+          </listitem>
+        </itemizedlist>
 
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
+        <para>Total gain $200 is correct. Whether the gain is a single long-term
+          one or one each of long-term and short-term or whether there's even a
+          distinction depends on the user's tax jurisdiction and the way the
+          split is structured. If the user needs help figuring it out they
+          should consult a professional.
+        </para>
 
-                    <entry>€20.000</entry>
+      </sect3>
 
-                    <entry>€10.000</entry>
-                  </row>
+      <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample">
+        <title>Example of Changing the Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
+        <orderedlist>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window if
+              open and return to the security account register.
+            </para>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+            <figure pgwide="1">
+              <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after scrubbing a
+                single lot
+              </title>
+              <screenshot id="invest-lots4AftScrub1LotReg">
+                <mediaobject>
+                  <imageobject role="html">
+                  <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots4_AfterScrub1LotReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+                  </imageobject>
+                  <imageobject role="fo">
+                    <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots4_AfterScrub1LotReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+                  </imageobject>
 
-                    <entry>€100.000</entry>
+                  <textobject>
+                    <phrase>Example of security register after scrubbing a
+                      single lot
+                    </phrase>
+                  </textobject>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
+                  <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
+                    </emphasis> after scrubbing a single lot.</para>
+                  </caption>
+                </mediaobject>
+              </screenshot>
+            </figure>
+          </listitem>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>Find each new <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>
+              transaction in the security account register (they will
+              have the same date as the sell transactions). Edit the <emphasis>
+              Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
+              income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or
+              loss account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital
+              Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
+            </para>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+            <tip>
+              <para>You may like to split the capital gain/loss into
+                taxable and non taxable parts if that is in accord with your
+                tax laws.
+              </para>
+            </tip>
+          </listitem>
+        </orderedlist>
+      </sect3>
+    </sect2>
+  </sect1>
 
-                    <entry>€20.000</entry>
+  <sect1 id="invest-dividends1">
+    <title>Dividendi</title>
 
-                    <entry>€10.000</entry>
-                  </row>
+    <para>Alcune società o fondi comuni rendono periodicamente dei dividendi agli azionisti. I dividendi vengono normalmente forniti in due modalità diverse: o vengono automaticamente reinvestiti nella commodity o sono restituiti come liquidi. I fondi comuni sono spesso impostati per reinvestire automaticamente i dividendi, mentre i dividendi per le azioni comuni vengono generalmente pagati in liquidi.</para>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+      <sect2 id="invest-dividendcash">
+        <title>Dividendi liquidi</title>
 
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+      <para>If the dividend is presented as cash, you should record the
+      transaction in the asset account that received the money, as income
+      from <emphasis>Income:Dividends</emphasis>. Additionally if you want to tie
+      the cash dividend to a particular stock holding then add a dummy
+      transaction split to the stock account with quantity 0 price 1 value 0.</para>
 
-                    <entry>€10.000</entry>
+      <para>As an example consider the following; the dividends
+      deposited as cash into the <emphasis>Broker</emphasis> Account with a tie
+      to the stock account.</para>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
-                </tbody>
-              </tgroup>
-            </table></para>
+      <screenshot id="invest-dividendcash1">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject role="html">
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson" width="510px"/>
+          </imageobject>
+          <imageobject role="fo">
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-          <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €120.000 ed €20.000.</para>
-        </listitem>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per dividendi liquidi</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para><emphasis>Sovrastima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto di <emphasis>mediazione</emphasis> dopo una serie di dividendi liquidi.</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-          <para>Si supponga di riuscire a vendere il quadro a un prezzo superiore alle proprie più rosee previsioni: €150.000. Il plusvalore è, di nuovo, trattato come un guadagno, cioè un’entrata.</para>
+    <note>
+      <para>Se si desidera registrare i dividendi per ogni azione, sarà necessario creare un conto <emphasis>Entrate:Dividendi:SIMBOLO AZIONE</emphasis> per ogni azione posseduta che genera dividendi.</para>
+    </note>
 
-          <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei guadagni non realizzati):</para>
+    </sect2>
 
-          <para><table>
-              <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
+    <sect2 id="invest-dividendreinvest">
+      <title>Dividendi reinvestiti</title>
 
-              <tgroup cols="4">
-                <tbody>
-                  <row>
-                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+      <para>Se i dividendi sono ricevuti sotto forma di un reinvestimento automatico, la transazione corrispondente dovrebbe avvenire all’interno del conto dell’azione o del fondo comune come entrata dal conto <quote>Entrate:Dividendi</quote> per il numero di quote effettivamente reinvestite. Generalmente ci si riferisce a questo tipo di reinvestimento con la sigla DRIP (Dividend Re-Investment Program).</para>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
+      <para>As an example consider the following purchase of NSTAR (NST) stock with the
+      dividends reinvested into a DRIP Account. Mutual fund re-investments would be the same.
+      </para>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
+      <para>Starting with the purchase of 100 shares on Jan. 3, 2005, all dividends will be
+      reinvested and an account is created to track the dividend to the specific stock. <application>GnuCash</application>
+      simplifies the entry by allowing calculations within the cells of the transaction. If the
+      first dividend is $.29/share, enter $53.28 (purchase price + dividend) in the share <guilabel>Price</guilabel>
+      cell and 100*.29 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> cell. <application>GnuCash</application> will calculate for you the
+      corresponding numer of <guilabel>Shares</guilabel></para>
 
-                    <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
-                  </row>
+      <screenshot id="invest-dividendreinvest1">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject role="html">
+             <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"/>
+           </imageobject>
+           <imageobject role="fo">
+             <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
+           </imageobject>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per il reinvestimento dei dividendi</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
+          <caption><para>An image of the NST Stock Account register after a dividend
+          reinvestment. </para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-                    <entry>€50.000</entry>
+    </sect2>
 
-                    <entry>€-20.000</entry>
-                  </row>
+  </sect1>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
+  <sect1 id="invest-retofcap">
+    <title>Return of Capital</title>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+    <para>This refers to a transaction where an investment returns capital to
+      the investor and doesn't have any accounting implications other than
+      reducing the cost basis. The number of shares held is not changed.
+    </para>
 
-                    <entry>€100.000</entry>
+    <para>A Return of Capital transaction can be entered in the stock register
+      by entering the stock split with
+    </para>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
+    <informaltable>
+      <tgroup cols="2">
+        <tbody>
+          <row>
+            <entry>Quote</entry><entry>0</entry>
+          </row>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+          <row>
+            <entry>Prezzo</entry><entry>0</entry>
+          </row>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+          <row>
+            <entry>Vendi</entry><entry>Return of Capital value</entry>
+          </row>
 
-                    <entry>€50.000</entry>
+        </tbody>
+      </tgroup>
+    </informaltable>
 
-                    <entry>€-20.000</entry>
-                  </row>
+    <para>The other side of the double entry would usually be a debit to the
+      brokerage bank account.
+    </para>
 
-                  <row>
-                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+    <screenshot id="invest-ret-of-cap">
+      <mediaobject>
+        <imageobject role="html">
+           <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+         </imageobject>
+         <imageobject role="fo">
+           <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+         </imageobject>
+         <textobject>
+          <phrase>Example of return of capital transactions</phrase>
+        </textobject>
 
-                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+        <caption><para>An image of the Stock Account register after a return
+          of capital.</para></caption>
+      </mediaobject>
+    </screenshot>
 
-                    <entry>€20.000</entry>
+  <note><para>It is not possible to use the Stock Split Assistant to do this
+    type of transaction.</para>
+  </note>
 
-                    <entry>€0</entry>
-                  </row>
-                </tbody>
-              </tgroup>
-            </table></para>
+  <tip><para>If you accidentally entered a non-zero price in the stock split,
+    <application>GnuCash</application> may have created an unwanted price database
+    entry which could cause reports to be wrong. Check for and remove such an
+    unwanted entry from the price database using <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools
+    </guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+  </tip>
 
-          <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €150.000 ed €50.000.</para>
-        </listitem>
-      </orderedlist>
-    </sect2>
   </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="capgain_tax1">
-    <title>Tassazione</title>
+<!--  Stock Splits - Simple
 
-    <para>Le politiche di tassazione variano considerevolmente fra un paese e un altro, quindi è virtualmente impossibile pronunciarsi in modo valido universalmente. Comunque, è possibile affermare che comunemente le entrate generate dai guadagni in conto capitale non sono soggette a tassazione fino al momento in cui il bene viene venduto e a volte nemmeno in questo momento. I proprietari di case nel Nord America, normalmente si ritrovano a non dover pagare nessuna tassa per il guadagno in capitale che ottengono dalla vendita. Altri paesi invece trattano la vendita delle case in modo differente: le autorità tedesche, per esempio, tassano i guadagni in capitale derivanti dalla vendita di una casa, solamente se si è stati proprietari per meno di dieci anni.</para>
+-->
 
-    <para>Chris Browne ha una storia da raccontare relativa a quando era un professionista della preparazione delle tasse; una famiglia che aveva venduto una fattoria, si aspettava una considerevole somma di tasse da pagare che però in realtà, furono quasi nulle per il fatto che avevano ottenuto la proprietà prima del 1971 (in cui è stabilita una data critica per le valutazioni in Canada) e dato che la fattoria era anche un caseificio per cui erano possibili alcune particolari deduzioni. La morale di questa storia è che mentre qui è stato mostrato in modo semplice, la tassazione può divenire molto complicata...</para>
-  </sect1>
-</chapter>
+  <sect1 id="invest-splitsnmergers1">
+    <title>Frazionamenti e fusioni</title>
+
+    <para>Le società possono frazionare le loro azioni per diverse ragioni la più comune delle quali è quando l’amministrazione della società ritiene che il prezzo abbia superato il valore ragionevole per gli investitori. Alcuni di questi frazionamenti sono semplici scambi (es: 2 per 1 o 3 per 2) mentre altri sono meccanismi di scambio più complessi con distribuzione di liquidi. I frazionamenti possono anche portare a una diminuzione del numero di azioni se lo scambio è un frazionamento inverso (es: 1 per 3 o 0,75 per 1).</para>
+
+      <sect2 id="invest-simplesplit">
+        <title>Frazionamento azionario semplice</title>
+
+      <para>Per fare un esempio, si supponga che la propria società di investimento in azioni NST abbia dichiarato un frazionamento azionario di 2 per 1 a decorrere dal 6 Giugno 2005. Per inserire la corrispondente transazione occorre avviare l’assistente per il frazionamento azionario andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu><guimenuitem>Frazionamento azionario</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+
+      <screenshot id="invest-split1">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+          </imageobject>
+
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 1.</phrase>
+          </textobject>
+
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine della selezione dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario.</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
+
+      <para>La prima schermata è solamente di introduzione; premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton> per visualizzare la finestra di selezione del conto e dell’azione per il frazionamento. Sarà necessario creare una voce per ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto:Azioni</emphasis> che si possiede.</para>
+
+      <screenshot id="invest-split2">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
 <!--
       (Do not remove this comment block.)
@@ -8935,12 +9537,12 @@ an empty report will be generated.</para>
 <chapter id="chapter_currency">
   <title>Valute multiple</title>
 
-  <para>Questo capitolo mostra come configurare i conti in <application>&app;</application> per l’utilizzo di valute multiple.</para>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione.</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_concepts1">
-    <title>Concetti base</title>
 
-    <para><application>&app;</application> supporta più di cento valute, dal Franco di Andorra al dollare dello Zimbabwe. Per esempio, si può avere un conto bancario in Euro e un altro in dollari di Hong Kong.</para>
+      <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:DRIPs:NST</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
 
     <para>Alcuni dei problemi che sorgono quando si utilizzano più valute, hanno a che fare con il trasferimento di fondi tra conti con diversa valuta, con il calcolo del valore totale di conti che hanno valute diverse e con la preparazione dei resoconti con valute miste.</para>
 
@@ -8950,18 +9552,29 @@ an empty report will be generated.</para>
     </note>
   </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_acct1">
-    <title>Impostare i conti</title>
-
-    <para>La valuta predefinita per un conto è impostata nella scheda <guilabel>Conti</guilabel>accessibile tramite <menuchoice><guimenu>Modifica</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> (<menuchoice><guimenu>&app;</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> su Mac OS X). Questo parametro dovrebbe essere settato correttamente da subito al fine di rendere più veloce il processo di creazione di una struttura dei conti.</para>
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-    <para>Analogamente, <application>&app;</application> offre un’opzione per impostare la valuta preferita con cui visualizzare i resoconti (come lo stato patrimoniale e il resocont delle entrate). L’opzione è chiamata <guilabel>Valuta predefinita per i resoconti</guilabel> e si trova nella scheda <guilabel>Resoconti</guilabel> delle <guilabel>Preferenze di &app;</guilabel>. Si consiglia di impostare entrambe le preferenze quando si inizia a utilizzare <application>&app;</application> dato che se, per esempio, i propri conti sono in dollari canadesi e i resoconti in dollari americani, la finestra del resoconto riporterà un messaggio di errore in cui viene segnalato che <guilabel>I conti selezionati non contengono dati/transazioni (o solo valori nulli) per il periodo di tempo selezionato</guilabel>.</para>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
+          <para>Nell’esempio si è ipotizzato un frazionamento 2 per 1, quindi il numero di quote addizionali è pari al numero di quelle presenti attualmente nel registro.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-    <para>Quando si crea un nuovo conto, è possibile definire la commodity a esso associata. Per i conti in valuta, si può scegliere fra una delle centinaia di valute supportate da <application>&app;</application> selezionandola semplicemente dalla lista delle commodity in valuta. Si noterà come la valuta predefinita sia sempre quella impostata nelle preferenze; così, se si lavora prevalentemente con l’Euro, ma si ha anche saltuariamente a che fare con il Birr Etiope, conviene impostare la valuta predefinita in Euro.</para>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-    <para>Per esempio, si imposti un tipico scenario di conto bancario in cui venga utilizzato prevalentemente l’Euro (EUR), ma si possegga anche un conto in una banca negli Stati Uniti che lavori prevalentemente in dollari Americani (USD) e infine un altro conto ad Hong Kong che utilizzi il dollaro di Hong Kong (HKD). Si devono quindi impostare 3 conti, uno con l’Euro, uno con i dollari Americani e uno con i dollari di Hong Kong; una possibile struttura per questa situazione potrebbe essere:</para>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-    <literallayout>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
+        </listitem>
+
+    <literallayout>
 -Assets                          (USD)
    -Current Assets           (USD)
       -US Bank                 (USD)
@@ -8976,362 +9589,946 @@ an empty report will be generated.</para>
 Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
  </literallayout>
 
-    <para>Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent
-    accounts are set to USD. Of course, if you mostly work in Euros, you could
-    change the currency of these parent accounts to EUR. The totals shown in
-    the account tree window will always be converted to the currency of each
-    particular account. Notice, we also set up 3 Starting Balances equity
-    accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.</para>
+      <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
 
-    <note>
-      <para>È anche possibile impostare un singolo conto per il bilancio d’apertura e utilizzare un trasferimento di valuta per popolare i conti con valuta differente. Comunque questa è un’opzione più avanzata che verrà descritta in una sezione successiva (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2"/>).</para>
-    </note>
+      <screenshot id="invest-split3">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-    <para>Più sotto è visibile il risultato di questo esempio in cui si parte con 10.000 EUR, 10.000 USD e 10.000 HKD nei tre conti bancari. Si noti che il totale dei conti padre mostra solo il saldo dei sottoconti con valute corrispondenti. In futuro si potranno stabilire i tassi di cambio tra le valute e i conti padre calcoleranno il valore convertito di tutti i sottoconti. Consultare la sezione (<xref linkend="currency_howto1"/>) per le istruzioni su come fare.</para>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-    <screenshot id="currency_main1">
-      <mediaobject>
-        <imageobject>
-          <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
-        </imageobject>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</para>
+          </caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-        <textobject>
-          <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
-        </textobject>
 
-        <caption><para>Impostazione iniziale di 3 conti bancari con valute multiple.</para></caption>
-      </mediaobject>
-    </screenshot>
+      <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
 
-    <para>Si noti che la colonna <guilabel>Totale (Resoconto)</guilabel> è visualizzata. Questa opzione è configurabile facendo clic sulla <guibutton>freccia giù</guibutton> nella riga di intestazione delle colonne e selezionando <quote>Totale(EUR)</quote>.</para>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_acct_user2">
-      <title>Valute definite dall’utente</title>
+      <screenshot id="invest-split4">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split4.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-      <para>Generalmente parlando, per valuta si intendono le valute che ogni governo utilizza (o più precisamente, le valute definite dallo standard internazionale chimato <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink>). <application>&app;</application> non permette di creare una propria valuta. Per tracciare le valute non <acronym>ISO</acronym>, è possibile utilizzare due stratagemmi in funzione dell’uso che se ne deve fare.</para>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-      <para>Si supponga per esmepio di voler tracciare <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà</emphasis> che tiene il conto dei punti accumulati acquistando da una certa compagnia. Il conto che traccia <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà</emphasis> sia <emphasis>Attività:Altro:GruppoRegaliFedeltà</emphasis>.</para>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</para>
+          </caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-      <para>Il primo metodo consiste nel definire un nuovo titolo, del tipo <guilabel>FUND</guilabel> chiamato <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà</emphasis>. Il metodo è molto semplice: dopo aver creato il nuovo conto <emphasis>GruppoRegaliFedeltà</emphasis> del tipo <guilabel>Azione</guilabel> o <guilabel>Fondo comune</guilabel>, premere il pulsante <guibutton>Seleziona...</guibutton> vicino al campo <guilabel>Titolo/Valuta</guilabel>, e fare clic sul pulsante <guibutton>Nuovo</guibutton> per definire un nuovo titolo di tipo <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>.</para>
+      <para>Una finestra finale di <guilabel>Termina</guilabel> proporrà diverse opzioni: <guibutton>Annulla</guibutton>, <guibutton>Indietro</guibutton> per annullare o modificare i dati inseriti, e <guibutton>Applica</guibutton> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
 
-      <para>Questo non è l’utilizzo per cui sono stati pensati i conti del tipo <emphasis>azione</emphasis> o <emphasis>fondo comune</emphasis>, ma <application>&app;</application> permette all’utente di decidere liberamente come utilizzarli invece di imporsi. Il lato negativo di questo metodo consiste nel fatto che è necessario inserire un <quote>prezzo</quote> per ogni transazione che coinvolge <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà</emphasis>, poiché <application>&app;</application> ha bisogno del prezzo per capire il valore monetario di <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà</emphasis> e per considerarli quindi come attività.</para>
+      <screenshot id="invest-simplesplit1">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_simplesplit1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-      <para>Il secondo metodo consiste nell’utilizzare una delle valute <quote>fittizie</quote> per tenere traccia di <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà</emphasis>. Le valute fittizie sono <quote>XTS (Code for testing purposes)</quote> e <quote>XXX (No currency)</quote>. Utilizzando una di queste per il proprio conto <emphasis>GruppoRegaliFedeltà</emphasis>, è possibile inserire le transazioni nel conto senza dover inserire i prezzi delle quote per ogni transazione. In più, è possibile utilizzare le medesime due valute fittizie per tenere traccia di tutti gli importi, le ore, i benefici e così via, accumulati e utilizzati fino a quel momento durante l’anno. Si capisce facilmente come <application>&app;</application> possa essere utilizzato come punto di riferimento per tenere traccia di qualsiasi grandezza, oltre che delle proprie finanze.</para>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Esempio di una transazione relativa a un semplice frazionamento azionario, nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-      <para>The drawback with this second method is that you cannot define exchange rates for
-      the dummy currencies to convert them to <acronym>ISO</acronym>
-      currencies. If you want to do that, you really should use the first
-      method.</para>
-    </sect2>
-  </sect1>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:DRIPs:NST<emphasis> dopo l’inserimento di una transazione per un semplice frazionamento azionario.</emphasis></emphasis></para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_howto1">
-    <title>Registrare e aggiornare i tassi di cambio per le valute (come fare)</title>
+    </sect2>
 
-    <para><application>GnuCash</application> allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates in two
-    different ways, manually and automatically. In the following two sections we
-    will work through both ways.</para>
+<!--  Moderately Complex Stock Merger
 
-    <para>Prima di iniziare, è bene dare uno sguardo alla struttura dei conti</para>
+-->
 
-    <screenshot id="currency_main1a">
-      <mediaobject>
-        <imageobject>
-          <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
-        </imageobject>
+      <sect2 id="invest-merger1">
+        <title>Fusione azionaria moderatamente complessa</title>
 
-        <textobject>
-          <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
-        </textobject>
+      <para>Come esempio, si assuma di aver posseduto delle azioni AT&T durante la fusione avvenuta il 18 Novembre 2005 della SBC con AT&T. In questo esempio si ipotizzerà di aver acquistato le azioni AT&T il 1° Aprile 2005, che i divendi siano stati pagati in liquidi e quindi che non siano stati inseriti nel registro delle azioni AT&T.</para>
 
-        <caption><para>Impostazione iniziale di 3 conti bancari con valute multiple.</para></caption>
-      </mediaobject>
-    </screenshot>
+      <para>Le condizioni della fusione sancivano che 0,77942 azioni di SBC fossero scambiate per ogni azione AT&T. La società derivante dalla fusione continuò a utilizzare il simbolo <quote>T</quote> da AT&T.</para>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_howto_Manual">
-      <title>Aggiornare manualmente i tassi di cambio</title>
+      <para>AT&T fornì dei <quote>dividendi</quote> di €1,20/azione alla data della transazione, comunque questa operazione non apparirà nel conto delle azioni dato che si trattò di una distribuzione in liquidi.</para>
 
-      <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+      <para>Il processo di inserimento di questa transazione è identico al frazionamento semplice fino alla schermata dei <quote>Dettagli</quote>. Sarà necessario creare una voce di frazionamento in ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto investimenti:Azioni</emphasis> che ha delle azioni frazionate.</para>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_peditor">
+      <screenshot id="invest-merge2">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2.</phrase>
           </textobject>
 
-          <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi.</para></caption>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione (<emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis>).</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <para>Scegliere il pulsante <guibutton>Aggiungi</guibutton> per aggiungere un nuovo tasso di cambio per la valuta. Verrà aperta una finestra in cui è possibile impostare un nuovo tasso di cambio. La finestra dovrebbe apparire simile a questa:</para>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_addcurr">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_addcurr.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
-          </imageobject>
+      <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Conto brokeraggio:Azioni:T</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Impostazione del tasso di cambio per l’euro</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+      <para>La finestra seguente per i dettagli del frazionamento azionario, contiene 5 campi:</para>
 
-          <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento. Per questo esempio si inserirà 18 Novembre 2005.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <para> Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to
-      Currency and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to EUR (Euro).
-      Then set the exchange rate between the selected security and the
-      selected currency. In this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1
-      EUR for 1 USD (think of it as: how many units of the currency, in this
-      case, USD, do you have to spend to get one unit of the security, in this case,
-      the currency EUR).</para>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
+          <para>Nell’esempio in oggetto si tratta di un frazionamenti di 0,77942 per 1 e quindi il numero di azioni diminuisce rispetto a quello attualmente presente nel registro. È possibile avvalersi della capacità di <application>&app;</application> di eseguire i calcoli nelle celle inserendo direttamente i dati (Es: <quote>(0,77942*100)-100</quote>) per calcolare la diminuzione delle azioni derivante dal frazionamento.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded">
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
+        </listitem>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
+        </listitem>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
+        </listitem>
+
+      </itemizedlist>
+
+      <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
+
+      <screenshot id="invest-merge3">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+            <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3.</phrase>
           </textobject>
 
-          <caption><para>La Finestra dell’editor prezzi dopo aver impostato il tasso di cambio tra Euro e dollaro USA</para></caption>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_main2">
+      <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
+
+      <para>Una schermata finale di <quote>Termine</quote> fornirà infine le opzioni per tornare <guimenu>Indietro</guimenu>, allo scopo di modificare le informazioni inserite in precedenza, e di <guimenu>Applica</guimenu> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
+
+      <screenshot id="invest-stockmerge1">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockmerge1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Struttura dei conti</phrase>
+            <phrase>Esempio di transazione per un frazionamento azionario di moderata difficoltà, inserita nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
           </textobject>
 
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo aver impostato il tasso di cambio tra Euro e dollaro USA.</para></caption>
+          <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del <emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis> dopo aver inserito la transazione relativa al frazionamento azionario che comporta la diminuzione delle azioni.</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <para>Si osservi che poiché non è stato impostato il tasso di cambio per HKD, <application>&app;</application> non converte l’HKD in EUR. Questo verrà aggiunto nella sezione successiva.</para>
     </sect2>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_howto_Auto">
-      <title>Aggiornare automaticamente i tassi di cambio</title>
+  </sect1>
 
-      <para>Nella sezione precedente è stato mostrato come sia possibile definire manualmente un nuovo tasso di cambio per una valuta. Esiste però un metodo più semplice per ottenere lo stesso risultato.</para>
 
-      <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+<!--  Working Location  !!!!!!!!!!!!
+  <sect1 id="invest-todo1">
+    <title>To-do</title>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_BeforeGetOnline">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
-          </imageobject>
+    <para>These are the remaining documentation sections that originally
+    appeared in the 1.8.4 documentation which require being written up.</para>
+
+    <itemizedlist>
+
+
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+      <listitem>
+        <para>Recording Stock Splits and Mergers (How-To)</para>
+      </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+        <para>Reconciling with the Brokerage Statement (How-To)</para>
+      </listitem>
+
+      <listitem>
+        <para>Recording Employee Stock Plans (Discussion)</para>
+      </listitem>
+
+      <listitem>
+        <para>Stock Options (How-To)</para>
+      </listitem>
+
+    </itemizedlist>
+  </sect1>
+-->
+</chapter>
+
+<!--
+      (Do not remove this comment block.)
+  Version: 2.0.0
+  Last modified: July 9th 2006
+  Maintainers:
+               Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+  Author:
+  		Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+  Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+  Translators:
+               (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <chapter id="ch_reports">
+ <title>Resoconti</title>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> is a powerful double entry accounting software package that allows
+users to enter and track their money in a reliable manner. However, putting
+this information into <application>GnuCash</application> is only a part of the process. To be truly
+helpful, you need to be able to extract this information in meaningful ways.
+<application>GnuCash</application>'s reporting features allow you to just that.</para>
+<para><application>GnuCash</application>'s reporting features allow you to display nearly any group of
+transactions in a wide variety of formats. This makes it easy to answer
+questions about your finances, such as "How much did I spend on groceries
+last month?" or "How much did I earn in the previous six months?"</para>
+<para><application>GnuCash</application> includes a number of common report types, which can be modified to
+meet your specific needs. If these common reports are insufficient, it is
+possible to modify or even write your own custom reports (although this is
+not recommended for beginners).</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_concepts">
+ <title>In generale</title>
+ <para>There are many standard reports pre-built in <application>GnuCash</application>,
+ all available from the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> pulldown menu in the main account window.</para>
+ <para>When you select a report from the list of reports, that report is first run
+ with its default settings. Once you have opened the report, you can modify its parameters by clicking on
+the Options button on the toolbar. Under Options, you will see the different
+settings that you can change for each report. Note that for different reports,
+the options will be different. </para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_savedconfigsinfo">
+  <title>Saved Reports Configurations Concepts</title>
+  <para>Once you have modified a report to meet your needs, you may wish to save
+  that report for reuse at a later point. <application>GnuCash</application> allows custom
+  reports to be saved, using the Save Report Configuration command.</para>
+  <para>To save a report configuration:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Go to the Reports Menu and choose the desired report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change the settings on the report until it includes what is needed.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Go to the General tab of the report's options and change the Report Name
+to something meaningful (Do not confuse this with the Report Title).</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Apply the changes and close the dialog.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Click the Save Report Configuration or Save Report Configuration As... button</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>This will store the report options in a file in your home directory.</para>
+<para>The first time you save a report with a name that has not already been saved,
+you can use either the Save Report Configuration or the Save Report
+Configuration As... button. You can modify the report name before saving it.</para>
+<para>Once a report has been saved with the current name, the Save Report Configuration button will immediately update the saved report configuration.
+Use the Save Report Configuration As button to save the current report
+configuration with a new name.</para>
+<para>Saved report configurations are available for use under the
+Reports->Saved Report Configurations entry. They will also be available for
+use on multicolumn reports.</para>
+<para>Saved report configurations can be deleted in the Saved Report Configurations
+dialog by clicking the trashcan icon.</para>
+<para>To edit saved report configurations, open the report via Reports->Saved Report
+Configurations, edit and apply the new options, and click Save Report
+Configuration.</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_standardrpts">
+  <title>Standard Reports Overview</title>
+ <para>The standard reports that are included in <application>GnuCash</application> are presented here
+ in the order that they appear in the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> menu. In each section, a short
+ description for each report is given, which explains what the report is
+ intended to show, and its primary purpose.</para>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
+<title>Assets & Liabilities Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about assets and liabilities.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_advport">
+<title>Advanced Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Advanced Portfolio produces a report on commodity accounts
+(stock and mutual fund type accounts) using price information stored in the
+<application>GnuCash</application> price database and within the
+<application>GnuCash</application> transaction data. If you do not have stock
+price information in your file, the report will indicate an error. This report
+includes extended information about commodity holdings, including information
+about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
+
+  <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
+    <title>Advanced Portfolio Capital Gains</title>
+    <para>
+      The Advanced Portfolio report doesn’t use the capital gain splits to
+      calculate capital gains. It calculates the gains from the various buy and
+      sell transactions in the account without regard to whether the gains and
+      losses are recorded or not. Any realized gain splits are ignored.
+      Realized gain splits are recognized as two splits, one in the stock’s
+      account with a zero number of shares and a non-zero value, the other in an
+      income or expense account with a value that is the negative of the split
+      in the stock account. These two splits can be in a separate transaction
+      (as created by scrubbing) or in the same transaction as the sale (this
+      will cause incorrect future scrubbing). The income or expense split can
+      be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
+      short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
+    </para>
+  </sect4>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
+<title>Asset Barchart</title>
+<para>The Asset Barchart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
+<title>Asset Piechart</title>
+<para>The Asset Piechart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
+<title>Average Balance</title>
+<para>The Average Balance report displays monthly averages for the current accounting period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
+<title>Balance Sheet</title>
+<para>The Balance Sheet lists Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances
+for all such accounts, and provides totals as of a given date. Balance sheets
+are commonly run for the last day of each fiscal year to give an overall sense
+of the financial condition of the entity.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
+<title>General Journal</title>
+<para>The General Journal produces a register of all transactions (beginning
+to end) in order by date, showing the accounts and the amounts involved, and
+totals the Net Change by all currencies and assets.</para>
+<para>This report is not customizable by date or account, though you can
+include more or fewer details about the individual transactions, and whether
+to include running balances and totals for the credits and debits. If you
+need a report restricted to particular accounts, consider the Transaction
+Report or open a particular account and choose the Account Transaction Report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
+<title>General Ledger</title>
+<para>The General Ledger produces information about all transactions
+for a selected set of accounts. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_investport">
+<title>Investment Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Investment Portfolio produces a report of commodity accounts (that
+is, accounts with type "Stock" or "Mutual Fund"), giving holdings, price and
+value information about commodities in the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
+<title>Liability Barchart</title>
+<para>The Liability Barchart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
+<title>Liability Piechart</title>
+<para>The Liability Piechart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
+<title>Net Worth Barchart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Barchart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as bars on a graph on a monthly basis for the current
+financial period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
+<title>Net Worth Linechart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Linechart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as a line graph on a monthly basis for the current financial
+period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
+<title>Price Scatterplot</title>
+<para>The Price Scatterplot displays the value of one commodity relative to
+another commodity, for example the value of a stock relative to a currency.
+When first run, this report loads no data, and the report options must be
+changed to retrieve information from the file. Specifically, the "Price of
+Commodity" setting on the Price options tab must be changed to a specific
+commodity.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
+<title>Budget Group</title>
+<para> Budget reports in <application>GnuCash</application> allow you to gather
+summary information related to budgets you may have created. In order for
+these reports to work, you must first create a budget. The reports in this
+group are specifically based on budget information. To use these reports, you
+need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
+<title>Budget Balance Sheet</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbarchart">
+<title>Budget Barchart</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budflow">
+<title>Budget Flow</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budincstate">
+<title>Budget Income Statement</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budprofloss">
+<title>Budget Profit & Loss</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budreport">
+<title>Budget Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
+<title>Business Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about activities related
+to a business.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_customer">
+<title>Customer Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
+<title>Customer Summary</title>
+<para>Customer Summary is a customer profit report that can help with job analysis by
+comparing the income and expenses for a specific customer.</para>
+<para>All invoices have an Owner in <application>GnuCash</application>, so invoices that are
+made will show a customer and show in the report. When creating a Bill, the Default
+Chargeback Customer is blank. To use the profit report, this field needs an entry,
+since this is the tag that decides the line to which
+to attach the expense. Left blank, the bill will be assigned to "No Customer."
+Similarly, when income is entered directly in a register rather than creating an
+invoice, it will also be assigned to "No Customer."</para>
+<para>Thus, if this report includes an entry for "No Customer", this means that the report
+may be inaccurate, as the results are not all properly labeled.</para>
+<para>Possible use scenarios include:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Tracking retail sales from different cities</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking rental properties</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking types of business</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking commission sales</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>Each of these scenarios assumes that the account structure includes breakdowns
+for individual tracked categories. Changing settings on the Income and Expense
+tabs under Options can hone the information displayed. By default all income and
+expense accounts are included; however, since <application>GnuCash</application> can't really predict
+the names and classification of income and expense accounts, it must group them all
+into the "No Customer" entry.</para>
+<para>Note that inventory-based businesses won't benefit from this report because of its nature.</para>
+<para>Useful options:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>The Expense Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more expense accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Income Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more income accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Display tab allows sorting by name, profit percentage, or amount of profit.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_easyinv">
+<title>Easy Invoice</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_employee">
+<title>Employee Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_fancyinv">
+<title>Fancy Invoice</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_payaging">
+<title>Payable Aging</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_prtinv">
+<title>Printable Invoice</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_recaging">
+<title>Receivable Aging</title>
+<para>This report provides a listing of all customers, their current balance, and
+how much they have outstanding from invoices over different time periods&mdash;how
+much they owe from 0-30 days, from 31-60 days, from 61-90 days, and over 90 days.
+The report also contains links to each customer and to their current customer report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_vendor">
+<title>Vendor Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_incexp">
+<title>Income & Expense Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide information about Income and Expense</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_cashflow">
+<title>Cash Flow</title>
+<para>This report shows the change in value for a set of accounts (the flow of cash)
+over a given period of time. By default, this report is based on accounts in Assets and
+Special Accounts, and covers the current financial period. The report enumerates
+all money coming in to and going out of the base accounts, broken down by the
+other account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_equity">
+<title>Equity Statement</title>
+<para>This report can be seen as extension of the Balance Sheet report. The
+Balance Sheet states the balance of Assets, Liabilities and Equity at a
+specific point of time. The Equity Statement focuses on the Equity Accounts
+by showing the cash flow to and from them for a given period of time.</para>
+<para>By balancing this cash flow with income, the report shows the available
+capital at the beginning and end of the selected time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expbarchart">
+<title>Expense Barchart</title>
+<para>The Expense Barchart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_exppiechart">
+<title>Expense Piechart</title>
+<para>The Expense Piechart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expdayoweek">
+<title>Expenses vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Expenses vs. Day of Week presents a pie chart showing the totals for
+selected expense accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction.
+The report options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts,
+display options, and the date range) but the account selector only allows
+expense accounts to be chosen. The report aggregates expense transactions by
+day of week, not by any other period or category. Due to these limitations,
+the report may be considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting
+to examine the source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomebarchart">
+<title>Income Barchart</title>
+<para>The Income Barchart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific income types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
+<title>Income & Expense Chart</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomepiechart">
+<title>Income Piechart</title>
+<para>The Income Piechart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific income types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incstatement">
+<title>Income Statement</title>
+<para>This report lists Income and Expense account totals for a set period. By
+default, it shows all Expense and Income accounts down to 3 levels of
+sub-accounts for the current financial period.</para>
+<para>An Income Statement is also called a "Profit and Loss" report or "Revenue Statement."</para>
+<para>In earlier versions of <application>GnuCash</application>, this report was called
+"Profit & Loss," but with version 2, the report was renamed "Income Statement"
+to use more common accounting terminology.</para>
+<para>The Income Statement helps show where money is coming from and where it is
+going for a given time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incdayoweek">
+<title>Income vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Income vs. Day of Week presents a piechart showing the totals for selected
+income accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction. The report
+options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts, display options,
+and the date range) but the account selector only allows income accounts to be
+chosen. The report aggregates income transactions by day of week, not by any
+other period or category. Due to these limitations, the report may be
+considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting to examine the
+source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_trialbal">
+<title>Trial Balance</title>
+<para>Trial Balance lists the ending balances in all accounts as of a particular
+date. It is typically run at the end of an accounting period and is primarily
+used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_sampcust">
+<title>Sample & Custom Group</title>
+<para>The reports in this group offer examples on how reports can be customized
+or podified to suit personal need.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custommulti">
+<title>Custom Multicolumn Report</title>
+<para>This report provides a base that allows several standard and custom
+reports to be combined into one view. Note that this report opens with an empty
+window; you must open the options and designate which reports to include for display.
+Once the reports have been selected, the settings for individual reports in the
+multicolumn display can be edited.</para>
+</sect3>
+<sect3 id="rpt_sample">
+<title>Sample Report with Examples</title>
+<para>This is a sample report that users can examine to learn how to write their own reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
+<title>Welcome Sample Report</title>
+<para>This report demonstrates how the Multicolumn Report can be use to create
+custom dashboard-type reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_miscrpts">
+<title>Other Reports</title>
+<para>Several reports are included on the main Reports menu. These are described
+below.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctsummary">
+<title>Account Summary</title>
+<para>This lists the balances of all accounts and subaccounts as of a
+particular date. By default, this report shows accounts and totals
+down to third-level subaccounts.</para>
+<para>This report gives effectively the same information as the Chart of Accounts.
+You can use this report to export and print the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+<para>Note: To generate a report of account totals over a particular time period
+(especially if you do not close your books at regular intervals), you might
+consider using the Income Statement, or Cash Flow reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
+<title>Future Scheduled Transactions Summary</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+<sect3 id="rpt_taxtxf">
+<title>Tax Report & TXF Export</title>
+<para>Generates a report and a downloadable .txf file of taxable income and
+deductible expenses for a particular accounting period. To download the report
+data, choose the Export button on the toolbar and choose between html and .txf
+downloadable versions.</para>
+<para>To use this report, you must use Edit --> Tax Options to identify which
+form the taxing authority uses for each income or expense account. Note that
+you can see but not modify the "Tax related" checkbox in Edit --> Edit Account.</para>
+</sect3>
 
-          <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi prima di ottenere le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+<sect3 id="rpt_txnrept">
+<title>Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report lists the transactions in selected accounts during a
+specified financial period. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
 
-      <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per caricare automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
+<sect3 id="rpt_savedrpts">
+<title>Saved Report Configurations</title>
+<para>Selecting this will open a dialog with a list of available Saved Report
+Configurations. "Saved Report Configurations" means sets of customized
+settings for standard reports.</para>
+<para>These sets must be saved by the user before they appear here. See
+Report Concepts above for instructions on how to save report configurations.</para>
+</sect3>
 
-      <note><para>Se il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> è disabilitato, significa che il modulo di <application>Perl</application> <application>Finance::Quote</application> non è installato. Per informazioni su come installarlo, consultare <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"/></para></note>
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctreport">
+<title>Account Report</title>
+<para>The Account Report menu entry only appears when an account register is
+the active tab. This report produces a list of all transactions in the open
+register.</para>
+<para>Note that if you conduct a search that retrieves several transactions, the
+results are displayed in a new search register, which can then be used to create
+a report for just those transactions.</para>
+</sect3>
 
-      <para><screenshot id="currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes">
-          <mediaobject>
-            <imageobject>
-              <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
-            </imageobject>
+<sect3 id="rpt_accttxnrept">
+<title>Account Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report also only appears when an account register is the active tab.
+However, this report only lists transactions that have been selected
+(e.g. by mouse click) in the current register. If no transactions are selected,
+an empty report will be generated.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+</chapter>
 
-            <textobject>
-              <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
-            </textobject>
+<!--
+      (Do not remove this comment block.)
+  Version: 2.0.0
+  Last modified: July 9th 2006
+  Maintainers:
+               Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+  Author:
+  		Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+  	Updated	Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+  Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+  Translators:
+               (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_capgain">
+  <title>Guadagni in conto capitale</title>
 
-            <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi dopo aver ottenuto le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
-          </mediaobject>
-        </screenshot></para>
+  <para>Questo capitolo introdurrà alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per tenere traccia dei guadagni e delle perdite realizzate e non realizzate, meglio noti come guadagni o perdite in conto capitale.</para>
 
-      <para><application>&app;</application> scaricherà autonomamente i tassi di cambio per tutte le valute utilizzate nei vari conti. Questo accadrà ogni qualvolta verrà premuto il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> o se <application>&app;</application> è stato impostato per scaricare automaticamente le quotazioni o i tassi di cambio come descritto in <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"/></para>
+  <sect1 id="capgain_concepts1">
+    <title>Concetti base</title>
 
-      <para>Tornando ora alla struttura principale dei conti, si noterà che <application>&app;</application> ha automaticamente convertito l’importo in HKD in EUR nei conti padre che sono in Euro come anche nella colonna del Totale (EUR). Inoltre i conti in dollari USA sono stati aggiornati con gli ultimi tassi di cambio.</para>
+    <para>Questo capitolo introdurrà alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per tenere traccia dei guadagni e delle perdite realizzate e non realizzate, meglio noti come guadagni o perdite in conto capitale.</para>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_main3.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
-          </imageobject>
+    <para>Alcuni capitali re investibili possono variare il loro valore nel tempo come, per esempio, le azioni, le obbligazioni, gli immobili o le auto. Alcune attività (es: le azioni) possono aumentare in valore mentre altre (es: un’auto) posso perdere valore. È importante essere in grado di valutare queste variazioni nel valore del capitale: questo capitolo illustrerà come procedere.</para>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+    <para>Probabilmente tutto ciò che si possiede aumenterà o diminuirà il proprio valore al trascorrere del tempo; quindi è importante capire per quali di questi beni sia indicato tracciarne le variazioni del valore. Si consiglia di tracciare il valore solamente per quei beni che potranno essere venduti in futuro in cambio di liquidi o che sono relativi alle imposte.</para>
 
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo aver ottenuto le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-    </sect2>
-    <sect2 id="currency_howto_disable">
-      <title>Come disabilitare il recupero della valuta</title>
-      <para>Ogni volta che si crea un conto che utilizza una valuta diversa da quella predefinita, verrà automaticamente abilitata la ricezione delle quotazioni online per quella stessa valuta. Comunque, se in seguito il conto viene cancellato, <application>&app;</application> non disabiliterà automaticamente la ricezione delle quotazioni.</para>
-      <para>Quando sarà stato cancellato anche l’ultimo conto con una particolare valuta e non si vorrà ricevere più gli aggiornamenti sulla valuta, procedere nel seguente modo:</para>
-      <itemizedlist>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>aprire la finestra dei titoli selezionando <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor titoli</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>assicurarsi che sia attivata l’opzione <guilabel>visualizza le valute Nazionali</guilabel>;</para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>espandere la riga denominata <guilabel>CURRENCY</guilabel>;</para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>fare doppio clic sulla valuta per cui si desidera disabilitare la ricezione delle quotazioni;</para>
-        </listitem>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>Deselect the <guilabel>Get Online Quotes</guilabel> box and
-          click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
-        </listitem>
-      </itemizedlist>
-    </sect2>
+    <para>I beni consumabili (es: il cibo, il carburante per l’auto, o la carta per la stampante) ovviamente non risultano interessati dall’argomento; inoltre, anche se il nuovo abito che si è appena acquistato perderà valore, non si desidererà tracciare questa diminuzione dato che non si avrà l’intenzione di rivenderlo e non si dovranno pagare delle imposte per la svalutazione dell’abito. Quindi, per questo esempio, l’acquisto di un nuovo abito dovrebbe essere registrato come una semplice uscita...i soldi spesi sono andati (!).</para>
 
+    <para>La rivalutazione (aumento del valore) di un bene avviene quando ciò che si possiede aumenta il proprio valore al trascorrere del tempo. Quando si possiede un bene che ha aumentato il proprio valore, la differenza tra il suo prezzo di acquisto e il suo nuovo valore prende il nome di <emphasis>guadagno non realizzato</emphasis>. Quando il bene viene venduto, il profitto che se ne ricava è noto con il nome di <emphasis>guadagno realizzato</emphasis> o <emphasis>guadagno in conto capitale</emphasis>. Un esempio di bene da cui è possibile avere dei guadagni non realizzati ed eventualmente dei guadagni in conto capitale, è una azione di una società pubblicamente scambiata.</para>
   </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_purchase1">
-    <title>Registrare gli acquisti in valuta estera (come fare)</title>
-
-    <para>È possibile operare in due modi differenti.</para>
+  <sect1 id="capgain_value1">
+    <title>Stimare il valore</title>
 
-    <para>1) utilizzando la funzione fornita da <application>&app;</application> per il cambio della valuta tra i conti quando si effettuano delle transazioni. Questo è utile principalmente per le transazioni che avvengono una volta sola e non per quelle che avvengono ripetutamente.</para>
+    <para>Come ricordato nell’introduzione di questo capitolo, i guadagni in conto capitale sono i profitti ottenuti dalla vendita di un bene. In questa sezione verrà descritto come tracciare i guadagni in capitale in <application>&app;</application>.</para>
 
-    <para>2) Utilizzando conti separati per questi acquisti, dove tutti i conti interessati utilizzano la stessa valuta. Questo è il metodo raccomandato, dato che permette di seguire e tracciare meglio le operazioni. In questo modo, si esegue una sola transazione per il cambio di valuta e dopo di questa si operano delle normali transazioni.</para>
+    <para>I metodi contabili per trattare le rivalutazioni di un bene, sono in qualche modo diversi da quelli per le svalutazioni dato che generalmente si è interessati solamente al momento in cui si rivende il bene e si ottiene un guadagno in capitale; questo è in contrasto con la natura continua del deprezzamento. I guadagni in conto capitale sono un argomento importante nella sfera di influenza della tassazione, poiché i governi tendono a essere interessati a far gravare le imposte sui guadagni in conto capitale in un modo o nell’altro.</para>
 
-    <para>The rest of this section will explain more based upon option
-    2).</para>
+    <note>
+      <para>Come sempre, esistono delle eccezioni. Se si possiede un’obbligazione che paga tutti gli interessi a maturazione, le autorità preposte alla tassazione richiedono spesso che venga riconosciuto un interesse ogni anno e si rifiutano di trattarli come un guadagno in conto capitale. Si consultino le normative Nazionali a riguardo dei beni che possono essere tassati nell’eventualità che ne derivi un guadagno in conto capitale.</para>
+    </note>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_purchase2">
-      <title>Acquistare un bene in valuta estera</title>
+    <para>Stimare l’accrescimento del valore di un bene non è generalmente cosa facile dato che spesso è difficoltoso conoscerne il valore prima dell’effettiva vendita.</para>
 
-      <para>Your normal place of residence is in Florida, therefore you are
-      using USD as your default currency. But, you do like to travel to the
-      Bahamas and go fishing. You like it so much that you decided to purchase a
-      boat there. To do this, you opened a bank account in Jamaica, moved some
-      money from the US, and then purchased your dream boat (smallest
-      version).</para>
+    <para>I titoli scambiati quotidianamente nei mercati aperti come le Borse, rappresentano probabilmente la tipologia più semplice di bene per cui predire un valore e vendere il bene al prezzo di mercato è semplice quanto chiamare il proprio Brocker (mediatore). Per contro, la stima del valore di una casa è ben più complesso. Le case sono vendute meno frequentemente delle azioni, e la compravendita consiste di grandi sforzi e negoziazioni per cui le stime tendono a essere meno precise. Allo stesso modo, la vendita di un’auto prevede delle trattative che rendono il prezzo meno prevedibile.</para>
 
-      <para>To record this in <application>GnuCash</application> we use the following basic account
-      structure:</para>
+    <para>Il valore di oggetti da collezione quali gioielli, opere d’arte, figurine e modellini è di ancora più difficile stima. I mercati per questi oggetti sono di nicchia e quindi meno aperti rispetto a quelli delle azioni e delle case. Ancora peggio sono i beni unici nel loro genere; le fabbriche, generalmente, possiedono dei macchinari che costano centinaia di migliaia di euro, costruiti appositamente per realizzare determinati prodotti. Queste apparecchiature non hanno valore al di fuori di un contesto specifico. In questi casi, diverse valutazioni in conflitto tra loro possono essere assegnate al bene e nessuna di esse è <quote>in assoluto</quote> corretta.</para>
 
-      <literallayout>
--Attività                        (EUR)
-   -Attività correnti              (EUR)
-      -Banca italiana       (EUR)
-      -Banca Jamaicana      (JMD)
-   -Beni immobili                  (EUR)
-      -Barca                (JMD)
--Capitali                        (EUR)
-   -Bilanci di apertura
-      -EUR                  (EUR)
-
-Nota: la valuta di ogni conto è riportata fra parentesi.
- </literallayout>
+    <para>Come regola generale della contabilità per quanto riguarda la stima dei guadagni non realizzati (o perdite), si dovrebbe solamente valutare di nuovo dei beni quali le azioni che possono essere rivendute immediatamente e per le quali esistono delle stime affidabili del valore. Per tutti gli altri beni, è meglio attendere semplicemente il momento della vendita, nel quale è possibile determinare esattamente il guadagno in conto capitale. Naturalmente non esiste una regola scritta per questo e infatti diversi contabili adottano diversi comportamenti in questi casi.</para>
+  </sect1>
 
-      <para>First you need to transfer some money ($10,000) to Jamaica, and
-      you use your normal US bank account (with a balance of $100,000) for
-      that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of USD 1 = JMD 64, but charges
-      you USD 150 to transfer the money.</para>
+  <sect1 id="capgain_accounts1">
+    <title>Impostare i conti</title>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-          </imageobject>
+    <para>Come nella maggior parte delle applicazioni della contabilità, esistono diverse metodologie per configurare i guadagni in conto capitale. Nel seguito verrà presentato un metodo generale sufficientemente versatile per essere applicato nella maggior parte delle situazioni. Il primo conto di cui si ha bisogno è quello del <emphasis>Costo del bene</emphasis> (conto di <application>&app;</application> del tipo <guilabel>Attività</guilabel>), che rappresenta la posizione in cui verrà registrato l’acquisto originale del bene. Normalmente l’acquisto avviene con una transazione dal proprio conto bancario.</para>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Trasferimento di valuta</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+    <para>Per tenere traccia della rivalutazione di un bene, saranno necessari tre conti. Il primo è un conto delle attività per i <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> dove verranno inseriti tutti gli importi delle rivalutazioni. Il conto dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> sarà bilanciato da un conto delle entrate per i <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>, in cui saranno registrate tutte le rivalutazioni periodiche. Infine, è necessario un ulteriore conto per le entrate, denominato <emphasis>Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> in cui verranno registrati i guadagni in conto capitale derivanti dalla vendita del bene.</para>
 
-          <caption><para>Trasferimento di denaro in Jamaica</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+    <para>Sotto è riportata una generica struttura dei conti adatta a tracciare la rivalutazione di due beni, <emphasis>BENE1</emphasis> e <emphasis>BENE2</emphasis>. Il conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:BENE1:Costo</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> mentre il conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:BENE1:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (lo stesso discorso vale per il BENE2).</para>
 
-      <para>Selezionare la riga della transazione in Jamaica (€9.850,00), premere il tasto destro del mouse e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel></para>
+    <literallayout>
+-Assets
+    -Current Assets
+        -Savings Account
+    -Fixed Assets
+        -ITEM1
+            -Cost
+            -Unrealized Gain
+        -ITEM2
+            -Cost
+            -Unrealized Gain
+-Income
+    -Realized Gains
+    -Unrealized Gains
+  </literallayout>
+  </sect1>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-          </imageobject>
+  <sect1 id="capgain_example1">
+    <title>Esempio</title>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Modifica tasso di cambio</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+    <para>Si supponga di acquistare un bene per cui si prevede un aumento del valore, quale un quadro di Degas, e di volerne tenere traccia (se ne occuperà la compagnia di assicurazione, anche se nessun altro lo farà).</para>
 
-          <caption><para>La finestra in cui viene specificato il tasso di cambio per una transazione in valuta</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+    <para>Start with an account hierarchy similar to that shown in <xref linkend="capgain_accounts1"/>, but replace <quote>ITEM1</quote> with <quote>Degas</quote> and you
+    can remove the <quote>ITEM2</quote> accounts. We will assume that the Degas painting
+    had an initial value of one hundred thousand dollars. Begin by giving your
+    self $100,000 in the bank and then transferring that from your bank
+    account to your <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</emphasis> account (the asset
+    purchase transaction). You should now have a main account window which
+    appears like this:</para>
 
-      <para>As Exchange Rate, you enter 1 USD = 64 JMD, since this is the rate
-      your bank gave. Press ok in the Transfer Funds (Edit Exchange Rate)
-      window, and then save this split transaction. Below is how it now looks
-      in the main Chart of Accounts.</para>
+    <screenshot id="capgain_appmain">
+      <mediaobject>
+        <imageobject>
+          <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_appmain.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+        </imageobject>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-          </imageobject>
+        <textobject>
+          <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
+        </textobject>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Struttura dei conti prima dell’acquisto della barca</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+        <caption><para>La finestra principale dell’esempio sulla rivalutazione di un bene</para></caption>
+      </mediaobject>
+    </screenshot>
 
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti prima dell’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+    <sect2 id="capgain_exampleunrealized2">
+      <title>Guadagni non realizzati</title>
 
-      <para>Si supponga di aver trovato la barca e, poiché si tratta di un affare a soli JMD 509.000, si decide di acquistarla. Per registrare questa transazione in <application>&app;</application>, basta inserire una semplice transazione nel conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Banca Jamaicana</emphasis> prelevando 509.000 JMD e trasferendoli in <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Barca</emphasis></para>
+      <para>Un mese dopo, si ha ragione di credere che il valore del quadro sia aumentato di €10.000 (un guadagno non realizzato). Per registrare questo aumento, occorre inserire un trasferimento di €10.000 dal conto dei propri <emphasis>guadagni accumulabili</emphasis> (<emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>) al conto dei <emphasis>guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (<emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>). La finestra principale assomiglierà a questa:</para>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png">
+      <screenshot id="capgain_app2main">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app2main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</phrase>
+            <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
           </textobject>
 
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
+          <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento del guadagno non realizzato</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
-      <para>La struttura dei conti mostra ora che il conto in banca è stato ridotto del valore della barca (JMD 509.000), e che il conto della barca nei beni immobili è aumentato dello stesso importo. Se è anche stato attivato nel CoA (scelta delle colonne) la voce <quote>Totale (EUR)</quote>, verrà mostrato il valore corrispondente in EURO. Il valore in EURO rispecchierà sempre l’ultimo tasso di cambio che è stato automaticamente o manualmente aggiornato con <application>&app;</application>.</para>
     </sect2>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_purchase3">
-      <title>Acquistare azioni estere</title>
-
-      <para>Questo esempio mostra come acquistare azioni scambiate in una valuta differente da quella normale.</para>
+    <sect2 id="capgain_examplesell2">
+      <title>Vendere</title>
 
-      <para>Assume that you live in New York and therefore you have set the
-      default currency to USD. You decide to purchase a stock traded in Hong
-      Kong that is priced in HKD. You would also like to be able to track the
-      various income and expense amounts per stock and broker.</para>
+      <para>Si supponga che un altro mese dopo i prezzi dei quadri di Degas siano saliti ancora un po’, in questo caso di circa €20.000, come dalle proprie stime. Puntualmente si registreranno i €20.000 come entrate derivanti da guadagni non realizzati; poi si decide di vendere il quadro.</para>
 
-      <para>Le azioni che si desidera acquistare sono le Beijing Airport (Hong Kong) (Dopotutto le Olimpiadi del 2008 a Beijing sono terminate e il prezzo è tornato normale).</para>
+      <para>Si presentano tre possibilità: si potrebbero aver <emphasis>correttamente stimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati, <emphasis>sottostimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati o <emphasis>sovrastimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati.</para>
 
-      <note><para>Le azioni di cui sopra (Beijing Airport) sono state scelte solo per le finalità di questo esempio, e non dovrebbero essere prese come una pubblicità per l’acquisto delle azioni.</para></note>
+      <orderedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><emphasis>Stima accurata</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
 
-      <para>È necessario trovare quale sia il simbolo ticker dell’azione. Per farlo, è utile un po’ di ricerca su internet e, in particolare, su <ulink url="http://finance.yahoo.com/lookup"><citetitle>Yahoo! Finance - Ticker Symbol Lookup</citetitle></ulink> (http://finance.yahoo.com/lookup). Questo porta a:</para>
+          <para>Le proprie stime ottimistiche del prezzo del quadro erano corrette. Prima di tutto si deve registrare che i profitti ottenuti sono ora guadagni realizzati, e non guadagni non realizzati. Questo si effettua trasferendo le entrate dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> al conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis>.</para>
 
+          <para>In secondo luogo, occorre accreditare il conto bancario con il prezzo di vendita del quadro. Questo denaro proviene direttamente dal sottoconto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas</emphasis>. Si trasferisca l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis>.</para>
       <itemizedlist>
         <listitem>
           <para><emphasis>Beijing Airport</emphasis> ha il simbolo 0694.HK su Yahoo</para>
@@ -9348,55 +10545,35 @@ Capitali:Bilanci di apertura:HKD                            (HKD)
 Uscite:Commissioni:Boom.0694.HK                      (HKD)
 Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
       </literallayout>
+      </literallayout>
+          <para><table>
+              <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
+      <para>La struttura dei conti assomiglia a questa dopo la creazione di tutti i conti necessari:</para>
 
-      <para>La struttura dei conti assomiglia a questa dopo la creazione di tutti i conti necessari:</para>
-
-      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-          </imageobject>
-
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+              <tgroup cols="4">
+                <tbody>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
 
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
 
-      <para>Le informazioni sull’azione sono visualizzabili nell’editor titoli (<menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenu>Editor titoli</guimenu></menuchoice>):</para>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
 
-      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
-          </imageobject>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
+                  </row>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Titoli Internazionali</phrase>
-          </textobject>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-          <caption><para>Titoli Internazionali</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
 
-      <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage’s
-      cash account (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), do so
-      now, either using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account
-      (Currency Transfer).</para>
+                    <entry>€30.000</entry>
 
-      <para>Let’s assume that the stock price is HKD 3 per share. To record the
-      purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
-      (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
-      the following:</para>
-<literallayout>
-    Acquisto delle azioni
-	Attività:Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:Banca  Prelievo 50.000
-	Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Boom_HKD	Deposito 500
-	Attività:Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:0694  Deposito 49.500 (16.500 quote)
-</literallayout>
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
 
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
       <para>Se non viene visualizzata automaticamente la finestra del <guilabel>Tasso di cambio</guilabel>, fare clic con il tasto destro del mouse nella riga dell’azione e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel>. Nella finestra che verrà aperta, inserire il numero di azioni (16.500) nel campo <guilabel>Trasferisci a:</guilabel></para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
@@ -9404,15 +10581,12 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
           <imageobject>
             <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
           </imageobject>
+          </imageobject>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Trasferimento di fondi</phrase>
-          </textobject>
-
-          <caption><para>Impostazione del numero di quote nella finestra del trasferimento fondi</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
+                    <entry>€100.000</entry>
 
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
       <para>Se si ritorna alla struttura dei conti, si vedrà che il totale del conto è stato modificato in funzione delle quote acquistate.</para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
@@ -9420,258 +10594,376 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
           <imageobject>
             <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
           </imageobject>
+          </imageobject>
 
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Azioni Internazionali acquistate</phrase>
-          </textobject>
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti con alcune azioni Internazionali</para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-
-      <para>Come si può vedere, il totale in Euro potrebbe essere zero se non è stato impostato alcun tasso di cambio tra EUR e HKD. Per porvi rimedio, andare in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice> e premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per far sì che <application>&app;</application> recuperi automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
+                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
 
-      <note>
-        <para>Questo esempio mostra come le azioni possano essere acquistate on una valuta qualsiasi inserendo la transazione relativa nel registro del conto dove risiede il denaro utilizzato per pagarle. È anche possibile inserire la transazione dal registro del conto dell’azione, ma si proceda con cautela! Operando in questo secondo modo, <application>&app;</application> assumerà che il prezzo qui inserito sia espresso nella valuta del conto padre dell’azione.</para>
-        <para>In questo esempio, il conto padre (<emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Conto brockeraggio:Boom</emphasis>) è impostato in HKD. Dato che si tratta della stessa valuta con cui viene espresso il prezzo dell’azione, l’acquisto può essere inserito tranquillamente nel registro del conto dell’azione.</para>
-      </note>
+                    <entry>€30.000</entry>
 
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
+                </tbody>
+              </tgroup>
+            </table></para>
     </sect2>
 
   </sect1>
+  </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_invest1">
-    <title>Tracciare gli investimenti in valuta (come fare)</title>
+          <screenshot id="capgain_app3main">
+            <mediaobject>
+              <imageobject>
+                <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app3main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+              </imageobject>
 
-    <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in different
-    countries' currency, and hope that their currency will raise in value
-    relative your own currency.</para>
+              <textobject>
+                <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
+              </textobject>
 
-    <para>When you enter these transactions into <application>GnuCash</application>, you will have to
-    decide on how much detail you would like to have.</para>
+              <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento dei guadagni realizzati</para></caption>
+            </mediaobject>
+          </screenshot>
+        </listitem>
 
-    <para>If you are not interested in detail at all, a very simple account
-    structure would be enough. Something like this;</para>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><emphasis>Sottostima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
 
-    <literallayout>
-    Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca (EUR)
-    Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:XXX (XXX)</literallayout>
+          <para>You were over-optimistic about the value of the painting.
+          Instead of the $130000 you thought the painting was worth you are only
+          offered $120000. But you still decide to sell, because you value
+          $120000 more than you value the painting. The numbers change a
+          little bit, but not too dramatically.</para>
 
-    <para>Se si vuole essere in grado di tracciare gli aumenti del capitale o le perdite, come anche le varie spese, occorrerà uno schema più complesso; tipo questo:</para>
+          <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>):</para>
 
-    <literallayout>
-    Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca                    (EUR)
-    Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX       (XXX)
-    Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX     (XXX)
-    Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX  (XXX)</literallayout>
+          <para><table>
+              <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
 
-    <para>Dove XXX rappresenta la valuta su cui si sta investendo.</para>
+              <tgroup cols="4">
+                <tbody>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
-      <title>Acquistare un investimento in valuta</title>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
 
-      <para>Un tipico ordine di acquisto potrebbe essere il seguente, visto dal conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</emphasis>.</para>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
 
-      <para><table>
-          <title>Schema per acquistare una valuta con una transazione suddivisa</title>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
+                  </row>
 
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-                <entry><emphasis>Deposit</emphasis></entry>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
 
-                <entry><emphasis>Withdrawal</emphasis></entry>
-              </row>
+                    <entry>€20.000</entry>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry>
+                    <entry>€10.000</entry>
+                  </row>
 
-                <entry/>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
 
-                <entry>Invested Amount</entry>
-              </row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX</entry>
+                    <entry>€100.000</entry>
 
-                <entry>Exchange Fee</entry>
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry>
+                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
 
-                <entry>Invested Amount - Exchange Fee</entry>
+                    <entry>€20.000</entry>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-        </table>You should get an Exchange Rate window popping up when you
-      leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
-      window does not pop up, right click on the row, and select <guilabel>Edit
-      Exchange Rate</guilabel>. In the Exchange Rate window you specify the
-      exchange rate you got from the bank.</para>
-    </sect2>
+                    <entry>€10.000</entry>
+                  </row>
 
-    <sect2 id="currency_invest13">
-      <title>Vendere un investimento in valuta</title>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-      <para>Entering a currency sale is done in the same way as
-      a currency buy except that you are now transferring money from the Currency
-      account to your Savings account (very similar to <xref linkend="invest-sell1"/>).</para>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-      <para>La registrazione corretta della vendita di valuta DEVE essere effettuata utilizzando una transazione suddivisa. In questa, si deve contabilizzare il profitto (o la perdita) come proveniente da un conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni in capitale</emphasis> (o da <emphasis>Uscite:Perdite in capitale</emphasis>). Per bilanciare questa entrata, sarà necessario inserire la valuta due volte nella suddivisione: una volta per registrare la vendita (utilizzando il saldo corretto e il tasso di cambio corretto) e un’altra volta per bilanciare il profitto in entrata (impostando l’importo a 0).</para>
+                    <entry>€10.000</entry>
 
-      <para>In breve, una transazione di vendita per la valuta, dovrebbe assomigliare a quella riportata più sotto, vista di nuovo dal conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</emphasis>.</para>
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
+                </tbody>
+              </tgroup>
+            </table></para>
 
-      <table>
-        <title>Schema per la vendita di valuta con una transazione suddivisa</title>
+          <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €120.000 ed €20.000.</para>
+        </listitem>
 
-        <tgroup cols="3">
-          <tbody>
-            <row>
-              <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+        <listitem>
+          <para><emphasis>Sovrastima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
 
-              <entry><emphasis>Deposito</emphasis></entry>
+          <para>Si supponga di riuscire a vendere il quadro a un prezzo superiore alle proprie più rosee previsioni: €150.000. Il plusvalore è, di nuovo, trattato come un guadagno, cioè un’entrata.</para>
 
-              <entry><emphasis>Prelievo</emphasis></entry>
-            </row>
+          <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei guadagni non realizzati):</para>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</entry>
+          <para><table>
+              <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
 
-              <entry>Importo venduto - Imposta di cambio</entry>
+              <tgroup cols="4">
+                <tbody>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
 
-              <entry/>
-            </row>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX</entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
 
-              <entry>Imposta di cambio</entry>
+                    <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
+                  </row>
 
-              <entry/>
-            </row>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
 
-              <entry/>
+                    <entry>€50.000</entry>
 
-              <entry>Importo venduto</entry>
-            </row>
+                    <entry>€-20.000</entry>
+                  </row>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX</entry>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
 
-              <entry>[PERDITA]</entry>
+                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
 
-              <entry>UTILE</entry>
-            </row>
+                    <entry>€100.000</entry>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry>
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
 
-              <entry>PROFITTO (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0)</entry>
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
 
-              <entry>[PERDITA (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0) ]</entry>
-            </row>
-          </tbody>
-        </tgroup>
-      </table>
+                    <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+
+                    <entry>€50.000</entry>
+
+                    <entry>€-20.000</entry>
+                  </row>
+
+                  <row>
+                    <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+
+                    <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+
+                    <entry>€20.000</entry>
 
+                    <entry>€0</entry>
+                  </row>
+                </tbody>
+              </tgroup>
+            </table></para>
+
+          <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €150.000 ed €50.000.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </orderedlist>
     </sect2>
   </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_reconcile1">
-    <title>Riconciliare gli estratti conto in valuta estera (come fare)</title>
+  <sect1 id="capgain_tax1">
+    <title>Tassazione</title>
 
-    <para>La riconciliazione degli estratti conto in valuta estera, avviene con le stesse modalità attraverso le quali si opera la riconciliazione del proprio conto bancario in valuta locale. Se è stata creata una struttura dei conti che permette di avere la stessa valuta dell’estratto conto anche per il conto, allora il procedimento è esattamente lo stesso della riconciliazione del proprio conto bancario in valuta locale a parte il fatto che potrebbe essere utile un dizionario (!).</para>
+    <para>Le politiche di tassazione variano considerevolmente fra un paese e un altro, quindi è virtualmente impossibile pronunciarsi in modo valido universalmente. Comunque, è possibile affermare che comunemente le entrate generate dai guadagni in conto capitale non sono soggette a tassazione fino al momento in cui il bene viene venduto e a volte nemmeno in questo momento. I proprietari di case nel Nord America, normalmente si ritrovano a non dover pagare nessuna tassa per il guadagno in capitale che ottengono dalla vendita. Altri paesi invece trattano la vendita delle case in modo differente: le autorità tedesche, per esempio, tassano i guadagni in capitale derivanti dalla vendita di una casa, solamente se si è stati proprietari per meno di dieci anni.</para>
 
-    <para>Se si hanno diverse valute, si dovranno convertire manualmente gli importi tra una valuta e l’altra, mentre si riconciliano i conti.</para>
+    <para>Chris Browne ha una storia da raccontare relativa a quando era un professionista della preparazione delle tasse; una famiglia che aveva venduto una fattoria, si aspettava una considerevole somma di tasse da pagare che però in realtà, furono quasi nulle per il fatto che avevano ottenuto la proprietà prima del 1971 (in cui è stabilita una data critica per le valutazioni in Canada) e dato che la fattoria era anche un caseificio per cui erano possibili alcune particolari deduzioni. La morale di questa storia è che mentre qui è stato mostrato in modo semplice, la tassazione può divenire molto complicata...</para>
   </sect1>
+</chapter>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_examples1">
-    <title>In pratica</title>
+<!--
+      (Do not remove this comment block.)
+  Version: 2.4.0
+  Last modified: March 16th 2010
+  Maintainers:
+               Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+  Author:
+  		Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+  	Updated	Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+  	Updated	Geert Janssens <janssens-geert at telenet.be>
+  Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+  Translators:
+               (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_currency">
+  <title>Valute multiple</title>
 
-    <para>In questa sezione verrà mostrato un esempio in cui saranno utilizzate le nozioni descritte fino a questo punto, con un livello di complessità maggiore dovuto all’utilizzo di valute multiple.</para>
+  <para>This chapter will show how to set up <application>GnuCash</application> accounts to use
+  multiple currencies.</para>
 
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Scenario di base</title>
+  <sect1 id="currency_concepts1">
+    <title>Concetti base</title>
 
-      <para>Di seguito sono riportate le ipotesi assunte per l’esempio. Si supponga quindi di:</para>
+    <para><application>GnuCash</application> supports over a hundred currencies, from the Andorran Franc
+    to the Zimbabwe Dollar. For example, you can have a bank account set up in Euros, and
+    another using Hong Kong Dollars.</para>
 
-      <itemizedlist>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>vivere in Italia e di utilizzare l’Euro (EUR) come valuta predefinita;</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <para>Alcuni dei problemi che sorgono quando si utilizzano più valute, hanno a che fare con il trasferimento di fondi tra conti con diversa valuta, con il calcolo del valore totale di conti che hanno valute diverse e con la preparazione dei resoconti con valute miste.</para>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>aver vinto la lotteria e di aver ereditato del denaro;</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <note>
+      <para>An alternative way to manage multiple currency accounts from the one
+      presented in the next sections, is to use the <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts
+      capabilities of <application>GnuCash</application>. This feature, which was
+      introduced with <application>GnuCash</application> version 2.3.14, can be enabled by
+      going to the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab under <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
+      Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+      <para>For a complete guide on <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts, see
+      <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">
+      this tutorial by Peter Selinger</ulink>.</para>
+    </note>
+  </sect1>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You pay off your existing house loan</para>
-        </listitem>
+  <sect1 id="currency_acct1">
+    <title>Impostare i conti</title>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You purchase some stock in Sweden using SEK (Ericsson
-          B-Fria)</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <para>Your default account currency is set in the <guilabel>Account</guilabel> tab
+    under <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+    (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X).</para>
+
+    <para>Similarly, <application>GnuCash</application> offers an option to
+    set your preferred currency for displaying reports (like the balance
+    sheet and income statement). The option is called <guilabel>Default
+    Report Currency</guilabel>, and is in the <guilabel>Reports</guilabel>
+    tab of the <guilabel>GnuCash Preferences</guilabel> screen.
+    You’ll want to set both options when you start using
+    <application>GnuCash</application> because if (for example) your accounts
+    are all in Canadian Dollars but the generated reports are all in US
+    Dollars, the reports will just say that there are <quote>no
+    data/transactions (or only zeroes) for the selected time
+    period</quote>.</para>
+
+    <para>When you create a new account, you have the option to define the
+    commodity in which that account is denominated. For accounts denominated 
+    in a currency, you can specify any of the currencies supported by <application>GnuCash</application> 
+    by simply selecting it from the currency commodity list. You will notice 
+    that the default currency is the currency that is defined for the parent 
+    account of the new account.</para>
+
+    <para>As an example, let’s set up a bank account scenario where
+    you mostly work in US Dollars, but do also have a European bank account
+    using the Euro currency, as well as one bank account in Hong Kong using
+    Hong Kong Dollars. So, set up 3 bank accounts, one denominated in US Dollars, 
+    one using Euros, and the third in Hong Kong Dollars. One possible account
+    structure for this would be:</para>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You purchase some stock in HK using HKD (Beijing
-          Airport)</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <literallayout>
+-Assets                          (USD)
+   -Current Assets            (USD)
+      -US Bank                  (USD)
+      -European Bank          (EUR)
+      -HK Bank                (HKD)
+-Equity                          (USD)
+   -Opening Balances
+      -USD                    (USD)
+      -EUR                    (EUR)
+      -HKD                    (HKD)
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You purchase some stock in US using USD (Amazon)</para>
-        </listitem>
+Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
+ </literallayout>
 
-        <!--
-      <listitem>
-        <para>You invest in Chinese Reminbi</para>
-      </listitem>
--->
+    <para>Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent
+    accounts are set to USD. Of course, if you mostly work in Euros, you could
+    change the currency of these parent accounts to EUR. The totals shown in
+    the account tree window will always be converted to the currency of each
+    particular account. Notice, we also set up 3 Starting Balances equity
+    accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.</para>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>prestare una certa somma in Dollari Australiani (AUD) a un amico (Jack);</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <note>
+      <para>You could also set up just a single Starting Balance account and
+      use a currency transfer to populate the <quote>different currency</quote> accounts.
+      However, this is more advanced option, which is explained in a later
+      section (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2"/>).</para>
+    </note>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>chiedere del denaro in prestito da una banca Giapponese;</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <para>Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with
+    USD 10,000, EUR 10,000 as well as HKD 10,000 in the three bank accounts.
+    Notice that the total of the parent accounts only shows the value of the
+    currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies. In other words, the 
+    Total Assets and Total Equity values only reflect USD amounts, because <application>GnuCash</application>
+    has no way of evaluating the value of EUR or HKD yet. Once you set up 
+    exchange rates between the currencies, the parent accounts
+    will calculate the converted value of all sub-accounts. See the later
+    section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1"/>) on ways to do this.</para>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>acquistare una casa in Nuova Zelanda;</para>
-        </listitem>
+    <screenshot id="currency_main1">
+      <mediaobject>
+        <imageobject>
+          <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+        </imageobject>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>utilizzare una carta di credito in Italia;</para>
-        </listitem>
+        <textobject>
+          <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
+        </textobject>
 
-        <listitem>
-          <para>voler raggiungere il massimo controllo possibile delle uscite.</para>
-        </listitem>
+        <caption><para>Impostazione iniziale di 3 conti bancari con valute multiple.</para></caption>
+      </mediaobject>
+    </screenshot>
 
-      </itemizedlist>
-      <note>
-        <para>Again these examples are not intended as valid and
-          accurate advice. They are only to be considered as an example for
-          the techniques used in <application>GnuCash</application>, and not as Investment Advice.
-          Please consult a proper financial advisor for more information
-          regarding international investments/loans.</para>
-        </note>
+    <para>Si noti che la colonna <guilabel>Totale (Resoconto)</guilabel> è visualizzata. Questa opzione è configurabile facendo clic sulla <guibutton>freccia giù</guibutton> nella riga di intestazione delle colonne e selezionando <quote>Totale(EUR)</quote>.</para>
 
+    <sect2 id="currency_acct_user2">
+      <title>Valute definite dall’utente</title>
 
-    </sect2>
+      <para>Usually when we talk about currencies, we mean
+      government-backed currencies (or more precisely, currencies defined
+      in <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink>).
+      <application>GnuCash</application> does not allow you to create your
+      own currencies. If you want to track non-<acronym>ISO</acronym>
+      currencies, you can use either of two workarounds, depending on which
+      fits your needs better.</para>
+      
+      <para>The first method is is to treat these as if they were a security—that
+      is, like a stock or mutual fund. The second method is to use one of the <quote>dummy</quote>
+      currencies for them.</para>
+
+      <para>Let’s say for example that you want to track loyalty points 
+      you’ve earned by buying from a certain group of businesses. The 
+      account which tracks your loyalty points will be 
+      <emphasis>Assets:Other:LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis>.</para>
+
+      <para>In the first method, you define a new security, of type <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>,
+      called RewardMiles. This is pretty straightforward—when you
+      create the new <emphasis>LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis> account, just set the account
+      type to <guilabel>Stock</guilabel> or <guilabel>Mutual
+      Fund</guilabel>, click the <guibutton>Select...</guibutton> button
+      next to the <guilabel>Security/currency:</guilabel> box, and click
+      <guibutton>New</guibutton> to define a new security of type
+      <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>.</para>
+
+      <para>This is not really what the stock and mutual fund account types
+      are meant for, but <application>GnuCash</application> will allow it. The downside is
+      that you’ll have to enter a <quote>price</quote> for every
+      transaction involving this account, because
+      <application>GnuCash</application> needs the prices to figure out the
+      monetary value of the points and treat them as one of your
+      assets.</para>
+
+      <para>In the second method, you use one of the dummy
+      currencies to track the loyalty points. These currencies are
+      <quote>XTS (Code for testing purposes)</quote> and <quote>XXX (No
+      currency)</quote>. If you use one of these for your
+      LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles account, you can enter transactions into the
+      account without having to enter share prices for every transaction.
+      And, you can keep using the same two dummy currencies to track all
+      sorts of amounts—vacation dollars earned and used so far this
+      year, vacation hours earned and used, health insurance benefits
+      allowance used and remaining, and so on.</para>
 
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Configurare i conti</title>
+      <para>The drawback with this second method is that you cannot define exchange rates for
+      the dummy currencies to convert them to <acronym>ISO</acronym>
+      currencies. If you want to do that, you really should use the first
+      method.</para>
+    </sect2>
+  </sect1>
 
+  <sect1 id="currency_howto1">
+    <title>Recording and Updating Currency Exchange Rates</title>
       <para>This time let’s start with a fresh and new <application>GnuCash</application> data file, so
       <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>New File</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and edit
       preferences (<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,
@@ -9679,18 +10971,26 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
       to set Default Currency as AUD. Since you have
       decided to be able to track as much detail of your income and expenses
       as possible, the following account hierarchy could be used;</para>
+      as possible, the following account hierarchy could be used;</para>
 
-      <literallayout>
-Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio         (EUR)
-      </literallayout>
-
-      <para/>
-    </sect2>
+    <para>Prima di iniziare, è bene dare uno sguardo alla struttura dei conti</para>
 
+    <screenshot id="currency_main1a">
+      <mediaobject>
+        <imageobject>
+          <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+        </imageobject>
 
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Bilancio di apertura</title>
+        <textobject>
+          <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
+        </textobject>
 
+        <caption><para>Initial set up of 3 bank accounts with different
+        currencies. </para></caption>
+      </mediaobject>
+    </screenshot>
+    <para>As you see, the overall balances do not yet reflect any value for EUR 
+    or HKD holdings. Adding currency exchange rates will fix this.</para> 
       <para>You open the mail one morning, and to your enormous surprise find
       that you are the last living relative of a very distant relative who
       happened to be very rich. And so, now you are $500,000 AUD richer. That was not
@@ -9702,59 +11002,80 @@ Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio         (EUR)
 Equity:Lottery         (AUD)
 Equity:Inheritance     (AUD)
       </literallayout>
+      </literallayout>
 
+      <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
 
-      <para>Le transazioni da inserire nel proprio conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> dovrebbero essere come queste:</para>
+      <screenshot id="currency_peditor">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-      <table>
-          <title>Ricevere del denaro extra</title>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Conto</entry>
+          <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi.</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-                <entry>Aumento</entry>
+      <para>Click on the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add a new
+      currency exchange rate. A window will appear in which you can set up a new
+      exchange rate. This window should appear like this:</para>
 
-                <entry>Diminuzione</entry>
-              </row>
+      <screenshot id="currency_addcurr">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_addcurr.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Equity:Lottery</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Set up Euro Exchange Rate</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-                <entry>€250,000</entry>
+          <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
+      <para> Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to
+      Currency and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to EUR (Euro).
+      Then set the exchange rate between the selected security and the
+      selected currency. The price box defines how many units of currency are
+      required to purchase one unit of the security. In this case, how many dollars
+      it will take to purchase on Euro. In this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1
+      EUR for 1 USD.</para>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Equity:Inheritance</entry>
+      <screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-                <entry>€500,000</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-        </table>
+          <caption><para>La Finestra dell’editor prezzi dopo aver impostato il tasso di cambio tra Euro e dollaro USA</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-      <para>E la struttura dei conti dovrebbe assomigliare a questa dopo l’inserimento delle transazioni descritte più sopra.</para>
-      <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterMoney.png">
+      <screenshot id="currency_main2">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AfterMoney.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
             <phrase>Struttura dei conti</phrase>
           </textobject>
-          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo aver ricevuto alcuni soldi</para></caption>
+
+          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo aver impostato il tasso di cambio tra Euro e dollaro USA.</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-
+      <para>Si osservi che poiché non è stato impostato il tasso di cambio per HKD, <application>&app;</application> non converte l’HKD in EUR. Questo verrà aggiunto nella sezione successiva.</para>
     </sect2>
-
     <sect2>
       <title>Acquistare una casa</title>
 
@@ -9767,45 +11088,56 @@ Passività:Prestiti:Mutuo                     (EUR) €250.000
 Uscite:Interessi:Interessi mutuo             (EUR)
 Capitali:Bilanci d’apertura                  (EUR) €50.000
       </literallayout>
+      </literallayout>
 
-      <para>After you have had a small chat with your Mortgage bank, they
-      agree to let you pay it all off in one go, plus some interest (AUD
-      30,000). You should enter the following split transaction into
-      <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</emphasis> account.</para>
-
-      <table>
-          <title>Pagare il mutuo sulla casa</title>
+      <para>In the previous section you saw how to manually define a
+      new currency exchange rate, but <application>GnuCash</application> includes an
+      automatic price update feature, which will now be described.</para>
 
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Conto</entry>
+      <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
 
-                <entry>Aumento</entry>
+      <screenshot id="currency_BeforeGetOnline">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-                <entry>Diminuzione</entry>
-              </row>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+          <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi prima di ottenere le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-                <entry/>
+      <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per caricare automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
 
-                <entry>280.000</entry>
-              </row>
+      <note><para>Se il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> è disabilitato, significa che il modulo di <application>Perl</application> <application>Finance::Quote</application> non è installato. Per informazioni su come installarlo, consultare <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"/></para></note>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Uscite:Interessi:Interessi mutuo</entry>
+      <para><screenshot id="currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes">
+          <mediaobject>
+            <imageobject>
+              <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+            </imageobject>
 
-                <entry>30.000</entry>
+            <textobject>
+              <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+            </textobject>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Passività:Prestiti:Mutuo</entry>
+            <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi dopo aver ottenuto le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
+          </mediaobject>
+        </screenshot></para>
 
-                <entry>250.000</entry>
+      <para><application>GnuCash</application> downloads exchange rates for all
+      currencies that are in use in your various accounts. This will happen
+      every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or request <application>GnuCash</application>
+      to download quotes as per <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"/></para>
 
+      <para>Now when you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that
+      <application>GnuCash</application> has automatically converted the HKD amount to USD amount on the
+      parent accounts that are in USD, as well as on the Total (USD) column.
+      Also the Euro accounts have been been updated with the latest exchange
+      rate.</para>
                 <entry/>
               </row>
             </tbody>
@@ -9815,154 +11147,253 @@ Capitali:Bilanci d’apertura                  (EUR) €50.000
       <para>Il libro mastro della transazione per il conto <emphasis>Passività:Prestiti:Mutuo</emphasis> si presenta così dopo l’inserimento delle transazioni:</para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png">
+      <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Mutuo per la casa</phrase>
+            <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
           </textobject>
-          <caption><para>Libro mastro della transazione per il mutuo sulla casa</para></caption>
+
+          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo aver ottenuto le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
     </sect2>
+    <sect2 id="currency_howto_disable">
+      <title>Come disabilitare il recupero della valuta</title>
+      <para>Ogni volta che si crea un conto che utilizza una valuta diversa da quella predefinita, verrà automaticamente abilitata la ricezione delle quotazioni online per quella stessa valuta. Comunque, se in seguito il conto viene cancellato, <application>&app;</application> non disabiliterà automaticamente la ricezione delle quotazioni.</para>
+      <para>Quando sarà stato cancellato anche l’ultimo conto con una particolare valuta e non si vorrà ricevere più gli aggiornamenti sulla valuta, procedere nel seguente modo:</para>
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>aprire la finestra dei titoli selezionando <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor titoli</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>assicurarsi che sia attivata l’opzione <guilabel>visualizza le valute Nazionali</guilabel>;</para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>espandere la riga denominata <guilabel>CURRENCY</guilabel>;</para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>fare doppio clic sulla valuta per cui si desidera disabilitare la ricezione delle quotazioni;</para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Deselect the <guilabel>Get Online Quotes</guilabel> box and
+          click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+    </sect2>
+  </sect1>
 
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Purchasing Stock</title>
+  <sect1 id="currency_purchase1">
+    <title>Recording Purchases in a Foreign Currency</title>
 
-      <para>Since you quite suddenly have a lot of money in your bank account,
-      you decide to visit a Financial Advisor, and after his recommendation
-      (remember, this is fictional - not genuine stock purchase advice) you
-      decide to purchase Telecommunication (Ericsson in Sweden), Beijing
-      Airport (Hong Kong), and Amazon (USA).</para>
+    <para>Purchases in a foreign currency can be managed in two different ways.</para>
 
-      <para>The needed accounts to track these investments look like
-      this:</para>
+    <para>1) Use <application>GnuCash</application>'s built-in currency exchange functions when you
+    do your transactions. This is mainly used for one-time transactions, and
+    nothing which happens regularly.</para>
 
-      <literallayout>
-Attività:Investimenti:Brocker Svedese:ERIC.ST                 (STOCK ERIC.ST Yahoo)
-Attività:Investimenti:Brocker Svedese:Banca                    (SEK)
-Attività:Investimenti:Brocker HK:0694.HK                      (STOCK 0694.HK Yahoo)
-Attività:Investimenti:Brocker HK:Banca                         (HKD)
-Attività:Investimenti:Brocker US:AMZN                         (STOCK AMZN Nasdaq)
-Attività:Investimenti:Brocker US:Banca                         (USD)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Brocker Svedese:ERIC.ST   (SEK)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Brocker HK:0694.HK        (HKD)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Brocker US:AMZN           (USD)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Trasferimento di valuta               (EUR)
-</literallayout>
+    <para>2) Use separate accounts to track transactions, where all involved
+    accounts use the same currency. This is the recommended method, since it
+    allows much better tracking and follow up. In this way, you do one
+    currency exchange transaction, and after that you do normal
+    transactions in the native currency.</para>
 
-      <para>Si decide di investire €100.000 in ogni titolo; per farlo è prima necessario eseguire una transazione di valuta ai vari conti bancari associati alle azioni.</para>
+    <para>The rest of this section will explain more based upon option 2).</para>
 
-      <para>La transazione da inserire nel conto <emphasis>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> è la seguente:</para>
+    <sect2 id="currency_purchase2">
+      <title>Purchase of an Asset with Foreign Currency</title>
 
-      <table>
-        <title>Trasferire del denaro oltreoceano con una suddivisione in valuta multipla.</title>
+      <para>You are using USD as your default currency. But, you decide to purchase a
+      boat in Jamaica. To do this, you opened a bank account in Jamaica, moved some
+      money from the US, and then purchased your boat.</para>
 
-        <tgroup cols="5">
-          <tbody>
-            <row>
-              <entry>Conto</entry>
+      <para>To record this in <application>GnuCash</application> we use the following basic account
+      structure:</para>
 
-              <entry>Deposito</entry>
+      <literallayout>
+-Assets                       (USD)
+   -Current Assets            (USD)
+      -US Bank                (USD)
+      -Jamaican Bank          (JMD)
+   -Fixed Assets              (USD)
+      -Boat                   (JMD)
+-Equity                       (USD)
+   -Opening Balances
+      -USD                    (USD)
 
-              <entry>Prelievo</entry>
+Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
+ </literallayout>
 
-              <entry>Tasso di cambio</entry>
+      <para>First you need to transfer some money ($10,000) to Jamaica, and
+      you use your US bank account (with a balance of $100,000) for
+      that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of USD 1 = JMD 64, but charges
+      you USD 150 to transfer the money.</para>
 
-              <entry>Costo della transazione</entry>
-            </row>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Brocker Svedese:Banca</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Trasferimento di valuta</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-              <entry>100.000</entry>
+          <caption><para>Trasferimento di denaro in Jamaica</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-              <entry/>
+      <para>Selezionare la riga della transazione in Jamaica (€9.850,00), premere il tasto destro del mouse e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel></para>
 
-              <entry>5,5869</entry>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-              <entry>35</entry>
-            </row>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Modifica tasso di cambio</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Brocker HK:Banca</entry>
+          <caption><para>La finestra in cui viene specificato il tasso di cambio per una transazione in valuta</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-              <entry>100.000</entry>
+      <para>As Exchange Rate, you enter 1 USD = 64 JMD, since this is the rate
+      your bank gave. Press ok in the Transfer Funds (Edit Exchange Rate)
+      window, and then save this split transaction. Below is how it now looks
+      in the main Chart of Accounts.</para>
 
-              <entry/>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-              <entry>5,8869</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Struttura dei conti prima dell’acquisto della barca</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-              <entry>30</entry>
-            </row>
+          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti prima dell’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-            <row>
-              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Brocker USD:Banca</entry>
+      <para>You choose to buy a boat for JMD 509,000. To record this transaction 
+      in <application>GnuCash</application>, you will need to enter a simple 
+      transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis>
+      withdrawing JMD 509,000 and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Boat</emphasis></para>
 
-              <entry>100.000</entry>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-              <entry/>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
+          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
+      <para>The Chart of Accounts now reflects that your bank account has been
+      reduced by JMD 509,000, and that your Fixed Assets boat account has been 
+      increased by the same amount. If you also have turned
+      on the CoA (Column Choice) "Total (USD)" you will see the corresponding
+      value in USD. The USD value will always reflect the latest currency exchange
+      rate you have either automatically or manually retrieved.</para>
+    </sect2>
+              <entry>0,7593</entry>
               <entry>0,7593</entry>
 
-              <entry>25</entry>
-            </row>
-          </tbody>
-        </tgroup>
-      </table>
-
-      <para>Now when there is some money in the various stock brokerage
-      accounts, you ask each broker to buy shares of stock for the specified amount.
-      Remember to execute the transaction from the bank account associated with the
-      stock, and if the Exchange Rate window does not pop up, right click the
-      row and manually select it. Enter the number of shares you purchase in
-      the last entry (To Amount:).</para>
+      <para>This example will show how to purchase stocks that are priced in a
+      currency other than your primary currency.</para>
 
-      <para>
-        <table>
-          <title>Acquistare azioni oltreoceano</title>
+      <para>Assume that you live in New York and therefore you have set the
+      default currency to USD. You decide to purchase a stock traded in Hong
+      Kong that is priced in HKD. You would also like to be able to track the
+      various income and expense amounts per stock and broker.</para>
 
-          <tgroup cols="4">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Simbolo azione</entry>
+      <para>You decide to purchase stock in the Beijing Airport (Hong Kong). 
+      The ticker for this stock is 0694.HK on Yahoo! Since you wanted to 
+      track all various income and expense amounts, here is the necessary
+      account structure:</para>
 
-                <entry>Numero di quote</entry>
+      <literallayout>
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK     (0694.HK)
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank        (HKD)
+Equity:Opening Balances:HKD                            (HKD)
+Expenses:Commissions:Boom.0694.HK                      (HKD)
+Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
+      </literallayout>
 
-                <entry>Importo</entry>
+      <para>La struttura dei conti assomiglia a questa dopo la creazione di tutti i conti necessari:</para>
 
-                <entry>Commissionie</entry>
-              </row>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>ERIC.ST</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-                <entry>15.000</entry>
+          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-                <entry>270.000</entry>
+      <para>Le informazioni sull’azione sono visualizzabili nell’editor titoli (<menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenu>Editor titoli</guimenu></menuchoice>):</para>
 
-                <entry>400</entry>
-              </row>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>0694.HK</entry>
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Titoli Internazionali</phrase>
+          </textobject>
 
-                <entry>70.000</entry>
+          <caption><para>Titoli Internazionali</para></caption>
+        </mediaobject>
+      </screenshot>
 
-                <entry>280.000</entry>
+      <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage
+      cash account (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), do so
+      now, either using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account
+      (Currency Transfer).</para>
 
-                <entry>300</entry>
-              </row>
+      <para>There are two ways to enter the actual purchase transaction: you can
+      enter it from the cash account (shown below), or you can enter it 
+      from the stock account. <emphasis>If entered from the stock account, the stock is 
+      assumed to be priced in the currency of the parent account</emphasis>.</para> 
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>AMZN</entry>
+      <para>Let’s assume that the stock price is HKD 3 per share. To record the
+      purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
+      (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
+      the following:</para>
+<literallayout>
+    Acquisto delle azioni
+	Attività:Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:Banca  Prelievo 50.000
+	Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Boom_HKD	Deposito 500
+	Attività:Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:0694  Deposito 49.500 (16.500 quote)
+</literallayout>
 
-                <entry>1.000</entry>
+      <para>Se non viene visualizzata automaticamente la finestra del <guilabel>Tasso di cambio</guilabel>, fare clic con il tasto destro del mouse nella riga dell’azione e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel>. Nella finestra che verrà aperta, inserire il numero di azioni (16.500) nel campo <guilabel>Trasferisci a:</guilabel></para>
 
-                <entry>32.000</entry>
+      <screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
+        <mediaobject>
+          <imageobject>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+          </imageobject>
 
+          <textobject>
+            <phrase>Trasferimento di fondi</phrase>
+          </textobject>
                 <entry>25</entry>
               </row>
             </tbody>
@@ -9974,139 +11405,169 @@ Uscite:Investimenti:Trasferimento di valuta               (EUR)
       different currencies (HK, USD, as well as in SEK), but the Chart of Account (as seen below)
       does not indicate how much they are valued in your home currency, AUD.</para>
       <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png">
+      <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png">
         <mediaobject>
           <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto delle azioni</phrase>
+            <phrase>Azioni Internazionali acquistate</phrase>
           </textobject>
-          <caption><para>Alcuni dei conti nella struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto delle azioni</para></caption>
+          <caption><para>Struttura dei conti con alcune azioni Internazionali</para></caption>
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <para>The next section will ensure you get the various exchange rates so that <application>GnuCash</application> can show your
-      total worth in the local currency (AUD in this case),</para>
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Ricevere le quotazioni online</title>
+      <para>Come si può vedere, il totale in Euro potrebbe essere zero se non è stato impostato alcun tasso di cambio tra EUR e HKD. Per porvi rimedio, andare in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice> e premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per far sì che <application>&app;</application> recuperi automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
 
-      <para>Per ricevere i tassi di cambio e le quotazioni azionarie attuali, andare in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice> e premere poi il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton>.</para>
+      <note>
+        <para>To reiterate, this example shows how stock can be purchased in any currency
+         by entering the transaction in the register of the cash account used
+         to make payment. It is also possible to enter the purchase
+         in the stock account’s register, but be aware that the stock is 
+         assumed to be priced in the currency of the stock account’s parent.</para>
+        <para>In questo esempio, il conto padre (<emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Conto brockeraggio:Boom</emphasis>) è impostato in HKD. Dato che si tratta della stessa valuta con cui viene espresso il prezzo dell’azione, l’acquisto può essere inserito tranquillamente nel registro del conto dell’azione.</para>
+      </note>
 
-      <para/>
     </sect2>
 
+  </sect1>
 
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Prestare denaro a un amico</title>
+  <sect1 id="currency_invest1">
+    <title>Tracking Currency Investments</title>
 
-      <para>Peter sta attraversando un periodo difficile oltreoceano. Dato che è un caro amico, si decide di aiutarlo con un prestito personale di 40.000 AUD.</para>
+    <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in a different
+    country's currency, and hope that it will rise in value
+    relative your own currency.</para>
 
-      <para>
-        <literallayout>
-Attività:Denaro prestato:Peter                 (AUD)
-Entrate:Interessi in entrata:Peter             (AUD)
-Uscite:Spese bancarie                          (EUR)
-        </literallayout>
-      </para>
-      <para>Si tratta di una semplice transazione dal proprio conto dei risparmi (EUR), al conto Attività:Denaro prestato:Peter (AUD). Sia il tasso di cambio pari a 0,606161 (prelievo di EUR 65.989,10) e la spesa per il servizio di 35 EUR.</para>
-    </sect2>
+    <para>When you enter these transactions into <application>GnuCash</application>, you will have to
+    decide on how much detail you would like to have.</para>
 
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Comprare una proprietà in Nuova Zelanda con un prestito in Giappone</title>
+    <para>If you are not interested in detail at all, a very simple account
+    structure would suffice:</para>
 
-      <para>Your long-time Japanese friend offers you a Japanese house loan if
-      you purchase a property overseas, with only AUD 50,000 as deposit. After
-      having discussed this with your Financial Advisor in Australia and gone
-      through the various risks and benefits related to your situation, you
-      decide to accept his offer. </para>
+    <literallayout>
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank    (USD)
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX     (XXX)</literallayout>
 
-      <note>
-        <para>Again, this should not be taken as financial advice. Please
-        consult with a registered financial advisor before undertaking
-        investing (or speculating) in overseas markets, or local markets for
-        that matter.</para>
-
-        <para>A word of warning might be of interest here, taking a loan
-        overseas for a very low interest rate might seem like a very good
-        deal. Do keep in mind though that the exchange rate might change and
-        can change drastically. If you take a loan in your local currency, you
-        only have to worry about the interest rate. If you take a loan overseas,
-        you then have to worry about the interest rate and the exchange rate.
-        </para>
-      </note>
+    <para>You would simply enter transfers between the two accounts, noting 
+    exchange rates as you went.</para>
+    
+    <para>But, if you do want to be able to track capital gains or losses,
+    as well as any fees, you do need a more complex account structure, such as:</para>
 
-      <para>Si immagini di aver trovato una piccola e confortevole villetta in una cittadina costiera vicino ad Auckland che potrebbe essere una casa estiva perfetta, e si decida di utilizzare il denaro in Giappone per acquistarla.</para>
+    <literallayout>
+    Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca                    (EUR)
+    Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX       (XXX)
+    Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX     (XXX)
+    Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX  (XXX)</literallayout>
 
-      <para>Per questo esempio occorrono i seguenti conti:</para>
+    <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
+      <title>Purchasing Currency</title>
 
-      <literallayout>
-Passività:Prestiti:Prestito Giapponese          (JPY)
-Uscite:Interessi:Prestito Giapponese            (JPY)
-Uscite:Costi mutuo:Prestito Giapponese          (JPY)
-Attività:Attività correnti:Banca Giapponese     (JPY)
-Attività:Beni immobili:Casa NZ                   (NZ)
+      <para>When purchasing another currency, you will buy a certain number of 
+      units of foreign currency with your own currency, at a particular rate.
+      For example, you might buy USD 10,000 worth of Andorran Francs, at 5 Francs
+      to the dollar, with a transaction fee of $150.</para>
+      
+<literallayout>
+Buy Currency
+	Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank                  Withdrawal     10,000
+	Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:ADF   Deposit           150
+	Assets:Investments:Currency:ADF                   Deposit        49,250 
 </literallayout>
 
+    <para>The Exchange Rate window should pop up when you
+      leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
+      window does not pop up, right click on the row or select 
+      <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>, and select <guilabel>Edit
+      Exchange Rate</guilabel>. In the Exchange Rate window you specify the
+      exchange rate you got from the bank.</para>
+    </sect2>
+
+    <sect2 id="currency_invest13">
+      <title>Vendere un investimento in valuta</title>
+
+      <para>Entering a currency sale is done in the same way as
+      a currency buy except that you are now transferring money from the Currency
+      account to your Savings account (very similar to <xref linkend="invest-sell1"/>).</para>
+
+      <para>The proper recording of the currency sale *must* account for realized
+      gains or losses. This can be done using a
+      split transaction. In the split transaction, you must account for the
+      profit (or loss) as coming from an <emphasis>Income:Capital Gains</emphasis> account (or
+      <emphasis>Expenses:Capital Loss</emphasis>). To balance this income, you will need to enter
+      the Currency asset twice in the split—once to record the actual sale
+      (using the correct amount and correct exchange rate), and once to balance
+      the income profit (setting the amount to 0).</para>
+
+      <para>In breve, una transazione di vendita per la valuta, dovrebbe assomigliare a quella riportata più sotto, vista di nuovo dal conto <emphasis>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</emphasis>.</para>
+
       <table>
-          <title>Transazione suddivisa per l’acquisto di una casa in NZ</title>
+        <title>Schema per la vendita di valuta con una transazione suddivisa</title>
 
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Conto</entry>
+        <tgroup cols="3">
+          <tbody>
+            <row>
+              <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
 
-                <entry>Aumento</entry>
+              <entry><emphasis>Deposito</emphasis></entry>
 
-                <entry>Diminuzione</entry>
-              </row>
+              <entry><emphasis>Prelievo</emphasis></entry>
+            </row>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Attività:Beni immobili:Casa in NZ</entry>
+            <row>
+              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</entry>
 
-                <entry>300.000 (NZD)</entry>
+              <entry>Importo venduto - Imposta di cambio</entry>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
+              <entry/>
+            </row>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Attività:Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+            <row>
+              <entry>Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX</entry>
 
-                <entry/>
+              <entry>Imposta di cambio</entry>
 
-                <entry>50.000 (EUR) (1,18926)</entry>
-              </row>
+              <entry/>
+            </row>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Passività:Prestiti:Prestito Giapponese</entry>
+            <row>
+              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry>
 
-                <entry/>
+              <entry/>
 
-                <entry>28.000.000 (JPY) (0,0137609)</entry>
-              </row>
+              <entry>Importo venduto</entry>
+            </row>
 
-              <row>
-                <entry>Uscite:Costi mutuo:Prestito Giapponese</entry>
+            <row>
+              <entry>Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX</entry>
 
-                <entry>300.000 (JPY) (0,0137609)</entry>
+              <entry>[PERDITA]</entry>
 
-                <entry/>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
+              <entry>UTILE</entry>
+            </row>
+
+            <row>
+              <entry>Attività:Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry>
+
+              <entry>PROFITTO (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0)</entry>
+
+              <entry>[PERDITA (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0) ]</entry>
+            </row>
+          </tbody>
+        </tgroup>
       </table>
 
 
     </sect2>
-
     <sect2>
       <title>Come procedere?</title>
       <para>As you have seen in the above examples you have only done the initial purchases.
       The rest, that is, various selling transactions and unrealized gains tracking is left for you to
       ponder.</para>
     </sect2>
+    </sect2>
 
 
   </sect1>

commit 87c816c52320a25f896a96a17340c07728c15482
Author: David T <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 6 15:21:11 2016 +0500

    Bug 775592 - General Rewrite of Guide Chapter on Multiple Currencies

diff --git a/guide/C/ch_currency.xml b/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
index 1d27765..f556722 100644
--- a/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
+++ b/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
 <chapter id="chapter_currency">
   <title>Multiple Currencies</title>
 
-  <para>This chapter will show you how to setup your <application>&app;</application> accounts to use
+  <para>This chapter will show how to set up <application>&app;</application> accounts to use
   multiple currencies.</para>
 
   <sect1 id="currency_concepts1">
     <title>Basic Concepts</title>
 
     <para><application>&app;</application> supports over a hundred currencies, from the Andorran Franc
-    to the Zimbabwe Dollar. For example, you can have a bank account setup in Euros, and
+    to the Zimbabwe Dollar. For example, you can have a bank account set up in Euros, and
     another using Hong Kong Dollars.</para>
 
     <para>Some of the issues which arise when using multiple currencies are, how
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
     <note>
       <para>An alternative way to manage multiple currency accounts from the one
       presented in the next sections, is to use the <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts
-      capabilities of <application>&app;</application>. This feature, which has been
+      capabilities of <application>&app;</application>. This feature, which was
       introduced with <application>&app;</application> version 2.3.14, can be enabled by
       going to the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab under <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
       Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
-      <para>For a complete guide on <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts
-      you can take a look <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">
-      at this tutorial by Peter Selinger</ulink>.</para>
+      <para>For a complete guide on <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts, see
+      <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">
+      this tutorial by Peter Selinger</ulink>.</para>
     </note>
   </sect1>
 
@@ -48,9 +48,7 @@
 
     <para>Your default account currency is set in the <guilabel>Account</guilabel> tab
     under <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
-    (<menuchoice><guimenu>&app;</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X).
-    You should set this parameter correctly, as it will save you much time when building
-    your account structure.</para>
+    (<menuchoice><guimenu>&app;</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X).</para>
 
     <para>Similarly, <application>&app;</application> offers an option to
     set your preferred currency for displaying reports (like the balance
@@ -60,36 +58,35 @@
     You’ll want to set both options when you start using
     <application>&app;</application> because if (for example) your accounts
     are all in Canadian Dollars but the generated reports are all in US
-    Dollars, the reports will just say that there is <quote>no
+    Dollars, the reports will just say that there are <quote>no
     data/transactions (or only zeroes) for the selected time
     period</quote>.</para>
 
     <para>When you create a new account, you have the option to define the
-    commodity. For currency accounts, you can specify any one of the hundreds
-    of currencies supported by <application>&app;</application> by simply selecting it from the
-    currency commodity list. You will notice that the default currency is
-    always whatever you have defined in the preferences. So, if you mostly
-    work with Euros, but have the occasional Ethiopian Birr account, be sure
-    to set your preferences to Euro.</para>
-
-    <para>As an example, let’s set up a typical bank account scenario where
+    commodity in which that account is denominated. For accounts denominated 
+    in a currency, you can specify any of the currencies supported by <application>&app;</application> 
+    by simply selecting it from the currency commodity list. You will notice 
+    that the default currency is the currency that is defined for the parent 
+    account of the new account.</para>
+
+    <para>As an example, let’s set up a bank account scenario where
     you mostly work in US Dollars, but do also have a European bank account
     using the Euro currency, as well as one bank account in Hong Kong using
-    Hong Kong Dollars. So, setup 3 bank accounts, one using the Euro currency,
-    one in US Dollars, and another in Hong Kong Dollars. One possible account
+    Hong Kong Dollars. So, set up 3 bank accounts, one denominated in US Dollars, 
+    one using Euros, and the third in Hong Kong Dollars. One possible account
     structure for this would be:</para>
 
     <literallayout>
--Assets                          (USD)
-   -Current Assets           (USD)
-      -US Bank                 (USD)
-      -European Bank       (EUR)
-      -HK Bank             (HKD)
--Equity                          (USD)
+-Assets                       (USD)
+   -Current Assets            (USD)
+      -US Bank                (USD)
+      -European Bank          (EUR)
+      -HK Bank                (HKD)
+-Equity                       (USD)
    -Opening Balances
-      -USD            (USD)
-      -EUR            (EUR)
-      -EUR            (HKD)
+      -USD                    (USD)
+      -EUR                    (EUR)
+      -HKD                    (HKD)
 
 Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
  </literallayout>
@@ -102,19 +99,21 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
     accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.</para>
 
     <note>
-      <para>You could also setup just a single Starting Balance account and
+      <para>You could also set up just a single Starting Balance account and
       use a currency transfer to populate the <quote>different currency</quote> accounts.
       However, this is more advanced option, which is explained in a later
-      section (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2" />.</para>
+      section (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2" />).</para>
     </note>
 
     <para>Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with
     USD 10,000, EUR 10,000 as well as HKD 10,000 in the three bank accounts.
-    Notice that the total of the parent accounts only show the value of the
-    currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies. In the future you can
-    setup the exchange rates between the currencies, and the parent accounts
+    Notice that the total of the parent accounts only shows the value of the
+    currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies. In other words, the 
+    Total Assets and Total Equity values only reflect USD amounts, because <application>&app;</application>
+    has no way of evaluating the value of EUR or HKD yet. Once you set up 
+    exchange rates between the currencies, the parent accounts
     will calculate the converted value of all sub-accounts. See the later
-    section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1" />) on how to do this.</para>
+    section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1" />) on ways to do this.</para>
 
     <screenshot id="currency_main1">
       <mediaobject>
@@ -141,20 +140,24 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
 
       <para>Usually when we talk about currencies, we mean
       government-backed currencies (or more precisely, currencies defined
-      in the international standard called <ulink
+      in <ulink
       url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink>).
       <application>&app;</application> does not allow you to create your
       own currencies. If you want to track non-<acronym>ISO</acronym>
       currencies, you can use either of two workarounds, depending on which
       fits your needs better.</para>
-
-      <para>Let’s say for example that you want to track RewardMiles,
-      which count how many loyalty points you’ve earned by buying
-      from a certain group of businesses. The account which tracks your
-      RewardMiles will be <emphasis>Assets:Other:LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis>.</para>
-
-      <para>The first method is to define a new security, of type <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>,
-      called RewardMiles. This is pretty straightforward–when you
+      
+      <para>The first method is is to treat these as if they were a security—that
+      is, like a stock or mutual fund. The second method is to use one of the <quote>dummy</quote>
+      currencies for them.</para>
+
+      <para>Let’s say for example that you want to track loyalty points 
+      you’ve earned by buying from a certain group of businesses. The 
+      account which tracks your loyalty points will be 
+      <emphasis>Assets:Other:LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis>.</para>
+
+      <para>In the first method, you define a new security, of type <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>,
+      called RewardMiles. This is pretty straightforward—when you
       create the new <emphasis>LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis> account, just set the account
       type to <guilabel>Stock</guilabel> or <guilabel>Mutual
       Fund</guilabel>, click the <guibutton>Select...</guibutton> button
@@ -163,26 +166,23 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
       <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>.</para>
 
       <para>This is not really what the stock and mutual fund account types
-      are meant for, but <application>&app;</application> usually lets you
-      decide how you want to use it, instead of dictating. The downside is
+      are meant for, but <application>&app;</application> will allow it. The downside is
       that you’ll have to enter a <quote>price</quote> for every
-      transaction involving RewardMiles, because
+      transaction involving this account, because
       <application>&app;</application> needs the prices to figure out the
-      monetary value of RewardMiles and treat them as one of your
+      monetary value of the points and treat them as one of your
       assets.</para>
 
-      <para>The second method is to use one of the <quote>dummy</quote>
-      currencies to track the RewardMiles. The dummy currencies are
+      <para>In the second method, you use one of the dummy
+      currencies to track the loyalty points. These currencies are
       <quote>XTS (Code for testing purposes)</quote> and <quote>XXX (No
       currency)</quote>. If you use one of these for your
       LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles account, you can enter transactions into the
       account without having to enter share prices for every transaction.
       And, you can keep using the same two dummy currencies to track all
-      sorts of amounts–vacation dollars earned and used so far this
+      sorts of amounts—vacation dollars earned and used so far this
       year, vacation hours earned and used, health insurance benefits
-      allowance used and remaining, and so on. You can well imagine that
-      <application>&app;</application> can be used as a hub for all sorts
-      of personal metrics, in addition to finances.</para>
+      allowance used and remaining, and so on.</para>
 
       <para>The drawback with this second method is that you cannot define exchange rates for
       the dummy currencies to convert them to <acronym>ISO</acronym>
@@ -192,11 +192,12 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="currency_howto1">
-    <title>Recording/Updating Currency Exchange (How-To)</title>
+    <title>Recording and Updating Currency Exchange Rates</title>
 
-    <para><application>&app;</application> allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates in two
-    different ways, manually and automatically. In the following two sections we
-    will work through both ways.</para>
+    <para><application>&app;</application> allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates 
+    both manually and automatically. This process is essentially the
+    same as setting share prices for investments (see <xref linkend="invest-stockprice1"/>). 
+    In the following two sections we will work through both methods.</para>
 
     <para>Before we start, let’s have a quick look at the Chart of
     Accounts</para>
@@ -212,10 +213,12 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
           <phrase>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</phrase>
         </textobject>
 
-        <caption><para>Initial setup of 3 bank accounts with different
+        <caption><para>Initial set up of 3 bank accounts with different
         currencies. </para></caption>
       </mediaobject>
     </screenshot>
+    <para>As you see, the overall balances do not yet reflect any value for EUR 
+    or HKD holdings. Adding currency exchange rates will fix this.</para> 
 
     <sect2 id="currency_howto_Manual">
       <title>Manually Updating Exchange Rates</title>
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
       </screenshot>
 
       <para>Click on the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add a new
-      currency exchange. A window will appear in which you can setup a new
+      currency exchange rate. A window will appear in which you can set up a new
       exchange rate. This window should appear like this:</para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_addcurr">
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
           </imageobject>
 
           <textobject>
-            <phrase>Setup Euro Exchange Rate</phrase>
+            <phrase>Set up Euro Exchange Rate</phrase>
           </textobject>
 
           <caption><para>Add Price Editor Window</para></caption>
@@ -260,10 +263,10 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
       <para> Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to
       Currency and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to EUR (Euro).
       Then set the exchange rate between the selected security and the
-      selected currency. In this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1
-      EUR for 1 USD (think of it as: how many units of the currency, in this
-      case, USD, do you have to spend to get one unit of the security, in this case,
-      the currency EUR).</para>
+      selected currency. The price box defines how many units of currency are
+      required to purchase one unit of the security. In this case, how many dollars
+      it will take to purchase on Euro. In this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1
+      EUR for 1 USD.</para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded">
         <mediaobject>
@@ -305,9 +308,9 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
     <sect2 id="currency_howto_Auto">
       <title>Automatic Updating Exchange Rates (How-To)</title>
 
-      <para>In the previous section you saw how you could manually define a
-      new currency exchange rate, but there must be an easier way to do it.
-      And there is.</para>
+      <para>In the previous section you saw how to manually define a
+      new currency exchange rate, but <application>&app;</application> includes an
+      automatic price update feature, which will now be described.</para>
 
       <para>Open the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
       <guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
@@ -354,13 +357,12 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
           </mediaobject>
         </screenshot></para>
 
-      <para>You can observe that <application>&app;</application> will download exchange rates for all
-      currencies you are using in your various accounts. This will happen
-      every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or have <application>&app;</application>
-      downloading quotes/exchange rates automatically as per <xref
-      linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" /></para>
+      <para><application>&app;</application> downloads exchange rates for all
+      currencies that are in use in your various accounts. This will happen
+      every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or request <application>&app;</application>
+      to download quotes as per <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" /></para>
 
-      <para>And if you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that
+      <para>Now when you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that
       <application>&app;</application> has automatically converted the HKD amount to USD amount on the
       parent accounts that are in USD, as well as on the Total (USD) column.
       Also the Euro accounts have been been updated with the latest exchange
@@ -414,56 +416,51 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
         </listitem>
       </itemizedlist>
     </sect2>
-
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="currency_purchase1">
-    <title>Recording Purchases in a Foreign Currency (How-To)</title>
+    <title>Recording Purchases in a Foreign Currency</title>
 
-    <para>You can do it in two different ways.</para>
+    <para>Purchases in a foreign currency can be managed in two different ways.</para>
 
-    <para>1) Use <application>&app;</application> build in currency exchange between accounts when you
-    do your transactions. This is mainly used for one time transactions, and
+    <para>1) Use <application>&app;</application>'s built-in currency exchange functions when you
+    do your transactions. This is mainly used for one-time transactions, and
     nothing which happens regularly.</para>
 
-    <para>2) Use separate accounts for this Purchase, where all involved
+    <para>2) Use separate accounts to track transactions, where all involved
     accounts use the same currency. This is the recommended method, since it
     allows much better tracking and follow up. In this way, you do one
     currency exchange transaction, and after that you do normal
-    transactions.</para>
+    transactions in the native currency.</para>
 
-    <para>The rest of this section will explain more based upon option
-    2).</para>
+    <para>The rest of this section will explain more based upon option 2).</para>
 
     <sect2 id="currency_purchase2">
-      <title>Purchase of an asset with foreign currency</title>
+      <title>Purchase of an Asset with Foreign Currency</title>
 
-      <para>Your normal place of residence is in Florida, therefore you are
-      using USD as your default currency. But, you do like to travel to the
-      Bahamas and go fishing. You like it so much that you decided to purchase a
-      boat there. To do this, you opened a bank account in Jamaica, moved some
-      money from the US, and then purchased your dream boat (smallest
-      version).</para>
+      <para>You are using USD as your default currency. But, you decide to purchase a
+      boat in Jamaica. To do this, you opened a bank account in Jamaica, moved some
+      money from the US, and then purchased your boat.</para>
 
       <para>To record this in <application>&app;</application> we use the following basic account
       structure:</para>
 
       <literallayout>
--Assets                          (USD)
-   -Current Assets           (USD)
-      -US Bank                 (USD)
-      -Jamaican Bank       (JMD)
-   -Fixed Assets           (USD)
-      -Boat                (JMD)
--Equity                          (USD)
+-Assets                       (USD)
+   -Current Assets            (USD)
+      -US Bank                (USD)
+      -Jamaican Bank          (JMD)
+   -Fixed Assets              (USD)
+      -Boat                   (JMD)
+-Equity                       (USD)
    -Opening Balances
-      -USD            (USD)
+      -USD                    (USD)
 
 Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
  </literallayout>
 
       <para>First you need to transfer some money ($10,000) to Jamaica, and
-      you use your normal US bank account (with a balance of $100,000) for
+      you use your US bank account (with a balance of $100,000) for
       that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of USD 1 = JMD 64, but charges
       you USD 150 to transfer the money.</para>
 
@@ -522,10 +519,10 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <para>You find the boat, and since it’s a bargain at JMD 509,000 you
-      decide to buy it. To record this transaction in <application>&app;</application>, you will need
-      to enter a simple transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis>
-      withdrawing 509,000 and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Boat</emphasis></para>
+      <para>You choose to buy a boat for JMD 509,000. To record this transaction 
+      in <application>&app;</application>, you will need to enter a simple 
+      transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis>
+      withdrawing JMD 509,000 and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Boat</emphasis></para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png">
         <mediaobject>
@@ -543,53 +540,31 @@ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
       <para>The Chart of Accounts now reflects that your bank account has been
-      reduced with the value of the boat (JMD 509,000), and that your Fixed Assets
-      boat account has been increased with the same amount. If you also have turned
+      reduced by JMD 509,000, and that your Fixed Assets boat account has been 
+      increased by the same amount. If you also have turned
       on the CoA (Column Choice) "Total (USD)" you will see the corresponding
       value in USD. The USD value will always reflect the latest currency exchange
-      rate you have either automatically or manually updated <application>&app;</application> with.
-      </para>
+      rate you have either automatically or manually retrieved.</para>
     </sect2>
 
     <sect2 id="currency_purchase3">
-      <title>Purchasing foreign stocks</title>
+      <title>Purchasing Foreign Stocks</title>
 
       <para>This example will show how to purchase stocks that are priced in a
-      different currency than your normal currency.</para>
+      currency other than your primary currency.</para>
 
       <para>Assume that you live in New York and therefore you have set the
       default currency to USD. You decide to purchase a stock traded in Hong
       Kong that is priced in HKD. You would also like to be able to track the
       various income and expense amounts per stock and broker.</para>
 
-      <para>You decide to purchase stock in the Beijing Airport (Hong Kong).
-      (After all, the 2008 Olympics in Beijing have finished and the price has
-      returned to Earth.)</para>
-
-      <note><para>
-         The above stock (Beijing Airport) has been chosen only as an example,
-         and should not be taken as any kind of stock purchase advice.
-      </para></note>
-
-      <para>You need to find out what the stock ticker is for this
-      stock. To do this, you do a bit of investigation on the Internet, and
-      in particular on <ulink
-      url="http://finance.yahoo.com/lookup"><citetitle>Yahoo! Finance - Ticker
-      Symbol Lookup</citetitle></ulink> (http://finance.yahoo.com/lookup).
-      This gives you the following:</para>
-
-      <itemizedlist>
-        <listitem>
-          <para><emphasis>Beijing Airport</emphasis> has the Stock Symbol
-          0694.HK at Yahoo</para>
-        </listitem>
-      </itemizedlist>
-
-      <para>Since we wanted to be able to track all various income and expense amounts,
-      we come up with the following Account structure:</para>
+      <para>You decide to purchase stock in the Beijing Airport (Hong Kong). 
+      The ticker for this stock is 0694.HK on Yahoo! Since you wanted to 
+      track all various income and expense amounts, here is the necessary
+      account structure:</para>
 
       <literallayout>
-Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK     (Beijing Airport)
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK     (0694.HK)
 Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank        (HKD)
 Equity:Opening Balances:HKD                            (HKD)
 Expenses:Commissions:Boom.0694.HK                      (HKD)
@@ -634,11 +609,16 @@ Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK               (HKD)
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage’s
+      <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage
       cash account (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), do so
       now, either using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account
       (Currency Transfer).</para>
 
+      <para>There are two ways to enter the actual purchase transaction: you can
+      enter it from the cash account (shown below), or you can enter it 
+      from the stock account. <emphasis>If entered from the stock account, the stock is 
+      assumed to be priced in the currency of the parent account</emphasis>.</para> 
+
       <para>Let’s assume that the stock price is HKD 3 per share. To record the
       purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
       (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
@@ -671,7 +651,7 @@ Buy Stocks
         </mediaobject>
       </screenshot>
 
-      <para>If you return to the Chart of Accounts, you will see the
+      <para>When you return to the Chart of Accounts, you will see the
       purchased shares reflected in the stock account’s total.</para>
 
       <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
@@ -698,12 +678,11 @@ Buy Stocks
       automatically retrieve the exchange rates you need.</para>
 
       <note>
-        <para>This example shows how stock can be purchased in any currency
+        <para>To reiterate, this example shows how stock can be purchased in any currency
          by entering the transaction in the register of the cash account used
          to make payment. It is also possible to enter the purchase
-         in the stock account’s register, but proceed with caution!
-         When doing it that way, the stock is assumed to be priced
-         in the currency of the stock account’s parent.</para>
+         in the stock account’s register, but be aware that the stock is 
+         assumed to be priced in the currency of the stock account’s parent.</para>
         <para>In this example, the stock account’s parent
          (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom</emphasis>) is denominated in HKD.
          Since this is same currency as the stock price, the purchase
@@ -715,25 +694,27 @@ Buy Stocks
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="currency_invest1">
-    <title>Tracking Currency Investments (How-To)</title>
+    <title>Tracking Currency Investments</title>
 
-    <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in different
-    countries' currency, and hope that their currency will raise in value
+    <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in a different
+    country's currency, and hope that it will rise in value
     relative your own currency.</para>
 
     <para>When you enter these transactions into <application>&app;</application>, you will have to
     decide on how much detail you would like to have.</para>
 
     <para>If you are not interested in detail at all, a very simple account
-    structure would be enough. Something like this;</para>
+    structure would suffice:</para>
 
     <literallayout>
-    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
-    Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX (XXX)</literallayout>
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank    (USD)
+    Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX     (XXX)</literallayout>
 
-    <para>But, if you do want to be able to track the Capital Gains or Losses,
-    as well as the various fees, you do need a bit more complexed layout.
-    Something like this;</para>
+    <para>You would simply enter transfers between the two accounts, noting 
+    exchange rates as you went.</para>
+    
+    <para>But, if you do want to be able to track capital gains or losses,
+    as well as any fees, you do need a more complex account structure, such as:</para>
 
     <literallayout>
     Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank                    (USD)
@@ -741,55 +722,25 @@ Buy Stocks
     Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX     (XXX)
     Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX  (XXX)</literallayout>
 
-    <para>Where XXX is the currency you are investing in.</para>
-
     <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
-      <title>Purchasing a currency investment</title>
+      <title>Purchasing Currency</title>
 
-      <para>A typical purchase order might be something like this, seen from
-      the <emphasis>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</emphasis>.</para>
-
-      <para><table>
-          <title>Buying a currency with a Split Transaction Scheme</title>
-
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
-
-                <entry><emphasis>Deposit</emphasis></entry>
-
-                <entry><emphasis>Withdrawal</emphasis></entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-
-                <entry>Invested Amount</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX</entry>
-
-                <entry>Exchange Fee</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry>
-
-                <entry>Invested Amount - Exchange Fee</entry>
+      <para>When purchasing another currency, you will buy a certain number of 
+      units of foreign currency with your own currency, at a particular rate.
+      For example, you might buy USD 10,000 worth of Andorran Francs, at 5 Francs
+      to the dollar, with a transaction fee of $150.</para>
+      
+<literallayout>
+Buy Currency
+	Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank                  Withdrawal     10,000
+	Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:ADF   Deposit           150
+	Assets:Investments:Currency:ADF                   Deposit        49,250 
+</literallayout>
 
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-        </table>You should get an Exchange Rate window popping up when you
+    <para>The Exchange Rate window should pop up when you
       leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
-      window does not pop up, right click on the row, and select <guilabel>Edit
+      window does not pop up, right click on the row or select 
+      <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>, and select <guilabel>Edit
       Exchange Rate</guilabel>. In the Exchange Rate window you specify the
       exchange rate you got from the bank.</para>
     </sect2>
@@ -802,12 +753,13 @@ Buy Stocks
       account to your Savings account (very similar to <xref
       linkend="invest-sell1" />).</para>
 
-      <para>The proper recording of the currency sale *must* be done using a
+      <para>The proper recording of the currency sale *must* account for realized
+      gains or losses. This can be done using a
       split transaction. In the split transaction, you must account for the
       profit (or loss) as coming from an <emphasis>Income:Capital Gains</emphasis> account (or
       <emphasis>Expenses:Capital Loss</emphasis>). To balance this income, you will need to enter
-      the Currency asset twice in the split. Once to record the actual sale
-      (using the correct amount and correct exchange rate) and once to balance
+      the Currency asset twice in the split—once to record the actual sale
+      (using the correct amount and correct exchange rate), and once to balance
       the income profit (setting the amount to 0).</para>
 
       <para>In short, a selling Currency transaction should look something
@@ -874,565 +826,17 @@ Buy Stocks
   </sect1>
 
   <sect1 id="currency_reconcile1">
-    <title>Reconciling Statements in a Foreign Currency (How-To)</title>
+    <title>Reconciling Statements in a Foreign Currency</title>
 
     <para>Reconciling foreign statement are done in the same manner as when
     you reconcile your local bank statement. If you have created a Chart of
-    Accounts structure which allows you to have the same Currency per account
-    as your Reconcile Statement, it is actually exactly the same as
-    reconciling your local bank statement, apart from the fact you might need
-    a dictionary</para>
+    Accounts structure which allows you to have the same currency per account
+    as your statement, it is actually exactly the same as
+    reconciling your local bank statement.</para>
 
     <para>If you have different currencies you might have to manually convert
     the amounts from one currency to another while you reconcile the
     accounts.</para>
   </sect1>
 
-  <sect1 id="currency_examples1">
-    <title>Putting It All Together (Examples)</title>
-
-    <para>In this Putting It All Together you will use quite a bit of what you
-    have learned so far in this guide with a bit of a twist. The twist being
-    a lot of different currencies.</para>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Basic scenario</title>
-
-      <para>The following are the basic scenarios.</para>
-
-      <itemizedlist>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You live in Australia and use AUD as our default
-          currency</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You win the lottery as well as inherit some money</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You pay off your existing house loan</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You purchase some stock in Sweden using SEK (Ericsson
-          B-Fria)</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You purchase some stock in HK using HKD (Beijing
-          Airport)</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You purchase some stock in US using USD (Amazon)</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <!--
-      <listitem>
-        <para>You invest in Chinese Reminbi</para>
-      </listitem>
--->
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You lend some EURO to a friend (Peter)</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You borrow some money from a Japanese bank</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You buy a house in New Zealand</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You use a credit card in Australia</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-        <listitem>
-          <para>You would like to have maximum control of your expenses</para>
-        </listitem>
-
-      </itemizedlist>
-      <note>
-        <para>Again these examples are not intended as valid and
-          accurate advice. They are only to be considered as an example for
-          the techniques used in <application>&app;</application>, and not as Investment Advice.
-          Please consult a proper financial advisor for more information
-          regarding international investments/loans.</para>
-        </note>
-
-
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Configure Accounts</title>
-
-      <para>This time let’s start with a fresh and new <application>&app;</application> data file, so
-      <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>New File</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and edit
-      preferences (<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,
-      <menuchoice><guimenu>&app;</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X)
-      to set Default Currency as AUD. Since you have
-      decided to be able to track as much detail of your income and expenses
-      as possible, the following account hierarchy could be used;</para>
-
-      <literallayout>
-Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account         (AUD)
-      </literallayout>
-
-      <para></para>
-    </sect2>
-
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Opening Balance</title>
-
-      <para>You open the mail one morning, and to your enormous surprise find
-      that you are the last living relative of a very distant relative who
-      happened to be very rich. And so, now you are $500,000 AUD richer. That was not
-      all though; another item in the mail states that you won the lottery, and got $250,000
-      AUD for that. </para>
-
-      <para>To record these transaction we need the following accounts</para>
-      <literallayout>
-Equity:Lottery         (AUD)
-Equity:Inheritance     (AUD)
-      </literallayout>
-
-
-      <para>The transactions you enter into your
-      <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis>
-      should look like this.</para>
-
-      <table>
-          <title>You come into some extra money</title>
-
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Account</entry>
-
-                <entry>Increase</entry>
-
-                <entry>Decrease</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Equity:Lottery</entry>
-
-                <entry>$250,000</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Equity:Inheritance</entry>
-
-                <entry>$500,000</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-        </table>
-
-      <para>And the Chart of Accounts looks like this after above transactions have been entered.</para>
-      <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterMoney.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AfterMoney.png"
-                       format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
-          </imageobject>
-
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Chart Of Accounts</phrase>
-          </textobject>
-          <caption><para>
-            Chart Of Accounts after receiving some money
-          </para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-
-
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Purchase a house</title>
-
-      <para>At last you can afford to pay off that house loan you had to take some years ago
-      (with a $50,000 deposit).</para>
-
-      <literallayout>
-Assets:Fixed Assets:House                  (AUD) $300,000
-Liabilities:Loans:Mortgage                 (AUD) $250,000
-Expenses:Interest:Mortgage Interest        (AUD)
-Equity:Opening Balance                     (AUD) $50,000
-      </literallayout>
-
-      <para>After you have had a small chat with your Mortgage bank, they
-      agree to let you pay it all off in one go, plus some interest (AUD
-      30,000). You should enter the following split transaction into
-      <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</emphasis> account.</para>
-
-      <table>
-          <title>Paying of the house mortgage</title>
-
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Account</entry>
-
-                <entry>Increase</entry>
-
-                <entry>Decrease</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-
-                <entry>280000</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Expenses:Interest:Mortgage Interest</entry>
-
-                <entry>30000</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Liabilities:Loans:Mortgage</entry>
-
-                <entry>250000</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-        </table>
-
-      <para>The <emphasis>Liabilities:Loans:Mortgage</emphasis> account Transaction Ledger looks like
-      this after the transactions have been entered</para>
-
-      <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png"
-                       format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
-          </imageobject>
-
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>House Mortgage</phrase>
-          </textobject>
-          <caption><para>
-            Transaction Ledger of the House Loan
-          </para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Purchasing Stock</title>
-
-      <para>Since you quite suddenly have a lot of money in your bank account,
-      you decide to visit a Financial Advisor, and after his recommendation
-      (remember, this is fictional - not genuine stock purchase advice) you
-      decide to purchase Telecommunication (Ericsson in Sweden), Beijing
-      Airport (Hong Kong), and Amazon (USA).</para>
-
-      <para>The needed accounts to track these investments look like
-      this:</para>
-
-      <literallayout>
-Assets:Investments:Swedish Broker:ERIC.ST                 (STOCK ERIC.ST Yahoo)
-Assets:Investments:Swedish Broker:Bank                    (SEK)
-Assets:Investments:HK Broker:0694.HK                      (STOCK 0694.HK Yahoo)
-Assets:Investments:HK Broker:Bank                         (HKD)
-Assets:Investments:US Broker:AMZN                         (STOCK AMZN Nasdaq)
-Assets:Investments:US Broker:Bank                         (USD)
-Expenses:Investments:Commissions:Swedish Broker:ERIC.ST   (SEK)
-Expenses:Investments:Commissions:HK Broker:0694.HK        (HKD)
-Expenses:Investments:Commissions:US Broker:AMZN           (USD)
-Expenses:Investments:Currency Transfer                    (AUD)
-</literallayout>
-
-      <para>You decide to invest $100,000 into each stock, and to do this
-      we first do a currency transaction to the various bank accounts
-      associated with the stock. </para>
-
-      <para>The transaction you enter into your
-      <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis>
-      should look like this.</para>
-
-      <table>
-        <title>Transfer money to overseas with a multiple currency transaction
-        split.</title>
-
-        <tgroup cols="5">
-          <tbody>
-            <row>
-              <entry>Account</entry>
-
-              <entry>Deposit</entry>
-
-              <entry>Withdrawal</entry>
-
-              <entry>Exchange Rate</entry>
-
-              <entry>Transaction Fee</entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Assets:Investments:Swedish Broker:Bank</entry>
-
-              <entry>100000</entry>
-
-              <entry></entry>
-
-              <entry>5.5869</entry>
-
-              <entry>35</entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Assets:Investments:HK Broker:Bank</entry>
-
-              <entry>100000</entry>
-
-              <entry></entry>
-
-              <entry>5.8869</entry>
-
-              <entry>30</entry>
-            </row>
-
-            <row>
-              <entry>Assets:Investments:USD Broker:Bank</entry>
-
-              <entry>100000</entry>
-
-              <entry></entry>
-
-              <entry>0.7593</entry>
-
-              <entry>25</entry>
-            </row>
-          </tbody>
-        </tgroup>
-      </table>
-
-      <para>Now when there is some money in the various stock brokerage
-      accounts, you ask each broker to buy shares of stock for the specified amount.
-      Remember to execute the transaction from the bank account associated with the
-      stock, and if the Exchange Rate window does not pop up, right click the
-      row and manually select it. Enter the number of shares you purchase in
-      the last entry (To Amount:).</para>
-
-      <para>
-        <table>
-          <title>Purchasing oversea stocks</title>
-
-          <tgroup cols="4">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Stock Symbol</entry>
-
-                <entry>Number of shares</entry>
-
-                <entry>Amount</entry>
-
-                <entry>Commission</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>ERIC.ST</entry>
-
-                <entry>15000</entry>
-
-                <entry>270000</entry>
-
-                <entry>400</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>0694.HK</entry>
-
-                <entry>70000</entry>
-
-                <entry>280000</entry>
-
-                <entry>300</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>AMZN</entry>
-
-                <entry>1000</entry>
-
-                <entry>32000</entry>
-
-                <entry>25</entry>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-        </table>
-      </para>
-
-      <para>As you can see in the Chart of Accounts, you have now purchased shares of stock in three
-      different currencies (HK, USD, as well as in SEK), but the Chart of Account (as seen below)
-      does not indicate how much they are valued in your home currency, AUD.</para>
-      <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png">
-        <mediaobject>
-          <imageobject>
-            <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png"
-                       format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
-          </imageobject>
-
-          <textobject>
-            <phrase>Chart of Account after Stocks</phrase>
-          </textobject>
-          <caption><para>
-            Some of the accounts in Chart of Accounts after the stock purchase
-          </para></caption>
-        </mediaobject>
-      </screenshot>
-
-      <para>The next section will ensure you get the various exchange rates so that <application>&app;</application> can show your
-      total worth in the local currency (AUD in this case),</para>
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Get the online quotes</title>
-
-      <para>To get the current exchange rates and stock quotes, go to
-      <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and then
-      click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton>. </para>
-
-      <para></para>
-    </sect2>
-
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Lending money to a friend</title>
-
-      <para>Peter has run into some difficulties all the way over in Europe
-      Land. Since he is a very dear pal of yours, you decide to help him out
-      with a personal loan of 40,000 Euro.</para>
-
-      <para>
-        <literallayout>
-Assets:Money owed to me:Euro:Peter            (Euro)
-Income:Interest Income:Peter                  (Euro)
-Expenses:Bank Charge                          (AUD)
-        </literallayout>
-      </para>
-      <para>This is a
-        simple currency transaction from your Savings Account (AUD), to your
-        Assets:Money owed to me:Peter (EURO) account. You got the exchange rate
-        of 0.606161, which means you need to withdraw AUD 65,989.10, as well as
-        pay the service fee of 35 AUD.</para>
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Buying property in New Zealand with a loan from Japan</title>
-
-      <para>Your long-time Japanese friend offers you a Japanese house loan if
-      you purchase a property overseas, with only AUD 50,000 as deposit. After
-      having discussed this with your Financial Advisor in Australia and gone
-      through the various risks and benefits related to your situation, you
-      decide to accept his offer. </para>
-
-      <note>
-        <para>Again, this should not be taken as financial advice. Please
-        consult with a registered financial advisor before undertaking
-        investing (or speculating) in overseas markets, or local markets for
-        that matter.</para>
-
-        <para>A word of warning might be of interest here, taking a loan
-        overseas for a very low interest rate might seem like a very good
-        deal. Do keep in mind though that the exchange rate might change and
-        can change drastically. If you take a loan in your local currency, you
-        only have to worry about the interest rate. If you take a loan overseas,
-        you then have to worry about the interest rate and the exchange rate.
-        </para>
-      </note>
-
-      <para>You found a nice small cottage in a small coastal town near
-      Auckland which would be a perfect summer house, and you decide to use
-      the money from Japan for this purpose.</para>
-
-      <para>We need the following accounts for this example;</para>
-
-      <literallayout>
-Liabilities:Loans:Japan Loan                  (JPY)
-Expenses:Interest:Japan Loan                  (JPY)
-Expenses:Mortgage Adm Fees:Japan Loan         (JPY)
-Assets:Current Assets:Japan Bank              (JPY)
-Assets:Fixed Assets:NZ House                  (NZ)
-</literallayout>
-
-      <table>
-          <title>Buying a NZ House Split Transaction</title>
-
-          <tgroup cols="3">
-            <tbody>
-              <row>
-                <entry>Account</entry>
-
-                <entry>Increase</entry>
-
-                <entry>Decrease</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:NZ House</entry>
-
-                <entry>300000 (NZD)</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-
-                <entry>50000 (AUD) (1.18926)</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Liabilities:Loans:Japan Loan</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-
-                <entry>28000000 (JPY) (0.0137609)</entry>
-              </row>
-
-              <row>
-                <entry>Expenses:Mortgage Adm Fees:Japan Loan</entry>
-
-                <entry>300000 (JPY) (0.0137609)</entry>
-
-                <entry></entry>
-              </row>
-            </tbody>
-          </tgroup>
-      </table>
-
-
-    </sect2>
-
-    <sect2>
-      <title>Whats next?</title>
-      <para>As you have seen in the above examples you have only done the initial purchases.
-      The rest, that is, various selling transactions and unrealized gains tracking is left for you to
-      ponder.</para>
-    </sect2>
-
-
-  </sect1>
-
-</chapter>
+</chapter>
\ No newline at end of file



Summary of changes:
 guide/C/ch_currency.xml     | 1014 +++----------
 guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml  | 3545 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 help/C/Help_ch_GUIMenus.xml |   16 +
 3 files changed, 2719 insertions(+), 1856 deletions(-)



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