gnucash-docs master: Multiple changes pushed
Frank H.Ellenberger
fell at code.gnucash.org
Sat Jan 30 14:47:03 EST 2021
Updated via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/a6f79888 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/3a3ff9fe (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/3af01a65 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/17800da9 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/9c491b6b (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/eeb40f81 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/3aa86159 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/423f97f6 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/4dd655bf (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/eb4afed7 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/1056d6fc (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/739721b3 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/e218580c (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/53da836d (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/01d715f8 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/81137921 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/45dbfcb4 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/843cc228 (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/d540957a (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/5f0c0dc6 (commit)
from https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/78858c95 (commit)
commit a6f79888dbc38e6b3546c16153e162bb4262cd16
Merge: 78858c9 3a3ff9f
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Sat Jan 30 20:42:53 2021 +0100
Merge branch 'maint'
commit 3a3ff9fe1d0fa234461fcfe9c5ab13baf862761a
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Sat Jan 30 18:56:16 2021 +0100
Update copyright year of german guide
diff --git a/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml
index 0fcded3..c180c43 100644
--- a/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<edition>V&manrevision;</edition>
<copyright>
- <year>2009-2020</year>
+ <year>2009-2021</year>
<holder>&appname; Documentation Team</holder>
</copyright>
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
</copyright>
<copyright>
- <year>2017</year>
+ <year>2017-2021</year>
<holder>Deutsches &appname;-Ãœbersetzungsteam (Deutsche Ãœbersetzung)</holder>
</copyright>
commit 3af01a657ab8cb3b7ecae5f620ef23af51f20520
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Sat Jan 30 02:09:54 2021 +0100
Fix a syntax error in CI
diff --git a/util/ci/afterfailure b/util/ci/afterfailure
index 942f032..9cbd0ff 100755
--- a/util/ci/afterfailure
+++ b/util/ci/afterfailure
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ if [[ "$BUILDTYPE" == "cmake-make" ]] || [[ "$BUILDTYPE" == "cmake-ninja" ]]; th
echo "##### LastTest.log #####";
echo "########################";
cat /build/Testing/Temporary/LastTest.log;
-else
- if [[ "$BUILDTYPE" == "autotools-make" ]]; then
+elif [[ "$BUILDTYPE" == "autotools-make" ]]; then
echo "##################################";
echo "##### See error output above #####";
echo "##################################";
-
+else
echo "Unknown BUILDTYPE: \"$BUILDTYPE\", cannot create failure information.";
fi
# This script should fail so that the entire script will fail.
commit 17800da900ac0d01d5257b56a96b046a36452282
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Sat Jan 30 01:23:31 2021 +0100
Use Version 4.4 also in autotools
missed in commit 784726d
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index adcb77e..8d9d5e6 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
# copyright (c) 2003-2016 GnuCash Development Team
dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-AC_INIT([gnucash-docs], [4.3], [https://bugs.gnucash.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=Documentation], , [http://www.gnucash.org/])
+AC_INIT([gnucash-docs], [4.4], [https://bugs.gnucash.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=Documentation], , [http://www.gnucash.org/])
AC_CANONICAL_HOST
dnl ==========================================================================
commit 9c491b6bd95b970152ab89020e059e6cd15fcffe
Author: CWehli <christian.wehling at web.de>
Date: Fri Jan 29 17:51:22 2021 +0100
Added the new report "ch_reports.xml"
to the CMakeLists.txt and Makefile.am files.
diff --git a/guide/de/CMakeLists.txt b/guide/de/CMakeLists.txt
index e57cc3e..2e8b32c 100644
--- a/guide/de/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/guide/de/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ set (entities
ch_oth_assets.xml
ch_oview.xml
ch_python_bindings.xml
+ ch_reports.xml
ch_txns.xml
appendixa.xml
appendixb.xml
diff --git a/guide/de/Makefile.am b/guide/de/Makefile.am
index 799231b..2ac59b3 100644
--- a/guide/de/Makefile.am
+++ b/guide/de/Makefile.am
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ entities = \
ch_oth_assets.xml \
ch_oview.xml \
ch_python_bindings.xml \
+ ch_reports.xml \
ch_txns.xml \
appendixa.xml \
appendixb.xml \
commit eeb40f81c21a2fec1d966022c49dd9aa51e7d033
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Fri Jan 22 19:22:33 2021 +0100
Corrected rpt_transaction
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index cbd11bf..76200c6 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
<title>Buchungsbericht</title>
<para>Der Buchungsbericht ist ein grundlegender Bericht, mit dem
Benutzer eine Vielzahl nützlicher Informationen aus den Finanzunterlagen
- abrufen können. Der Bericht enthält viele Funktionen, die eine
+ gewinnen können. Der Bericht enthält viele Funktionen, die eine
leistungsstarke und flexible Berichterstellung aus dem einzelnen
Basisbericht ermöglichen..</para>
<itemizedlist>
@@ -602,9 +602,9 @@ Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Option
"Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer
Form unter dem Diagramm.</para></listitem>
-Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option "Preisquelle" den
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option "Preisquelle" den
berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht enthaltenen Wertpapiere
-erheblich beeinflussen.</itemizedlist>
+erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ möchte..</para>
werden.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Die Buchungen können manuell als Multi-Split-Transaktion oder
+ <para>Die Buchungen können manuell als Multi-Split-Buchung oder
über die Werkzeuge für Geschäftsrechnungen und Rechnungen eingegeben
werden.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ erstellt.</para>
<sect2 id="rpt_transaction">
<title>Nutzung des Buchungsberichtes</title>
- <para>Der Transaktionsbericht kann stark angepasst werden, um die
+ <para>Der Buchungsbericht kann stark angepasst werden, um die
meisten Berichte zu erstellen, die für persönliche Finanzen und
geschäftliche Buchhaltungszwecke geeignet sind. Er dient dazu,
Informationen aus der Datenbank abzurufen und zu filtern sowie
@@ -1086,25 +1086,25 @@ erstellt.</para>
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>Öffnen Sie die Berichtsoptionen, klicken Sie auf der
- <guilabel>Konten</guilabel> auf das Platzhalterkonto Ausgaben
- und <guibutton>Unterkonten auswählen </guibutton>.</para>
+ <para>Öffnen Sie die Berichtsoptionen, klicken Sie auf der Registerkarte
+ <guilabel>Konten</guilabel> auf das Platzhalterkonto Aufwendungen
+ und bestätigen mit <guibutton>Unterkonten auswählen </guibutton>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Wählen Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Allgemein</guilabel>
- die relativen Daten "Beginn des Vorjahres" und "Ende des
- Vorjahres".</para>
+ die relativen Daten "Beginn des vorherigen Jahres" und "Ende des
+ vorherigen Jahres".</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Setzen Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Sortierung</guilabel>
- den <guilabel>Primärschlüssel</guilabel> auf Konten und aktivieren
+ den <guilabel>Primärschlüssel</guilabel> auf Kontonummer und aktivieren
Sie <guilabel>Primärschlüssel Zwischensumme</guilabel>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Setzen Sie den <guilabel>Sekundärschlüssel</guilabel> auf
Datum, und setzen Sie den <guilabel>Sekundärschlüssel
- Zwischensumme</guilabel> auf Keine. </para>
+ Zwischensumme für Datumschlüssel</guilabel> auf Keine. </para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
@@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ erstellt.</para>
<title>Gruppierung der zweiten Ebene</title>
<para>Im Folgenden wird der obige Buchungsbericht modifiziert, um
eine zusätzliche Gruppeneinteilung zu verwenden. Die erste
- Gruppierung (d. h. Primärschlüssel = Konten, Zwischensumme = aktiviert)
+ Gruppierung (d. h. Primärschlüssel = Kontonummer, Zwischensumme = aktiviert)
gruppiert Buchungen von denselben Konten, während die sekundäre
Gruppierung (d. h. Sekundärschlüssel = Datum, Zwischensumme = monatlich)
auch monatliche Summen innerhalb jedes Kontos berechnet.</para>
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ erstellt.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Füllen Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Filter
</guilabel> den <guilabel>Kontonamenfilter</guilabel> oder
- <guilabel>Transaktionsfilter</guilabel> aus. Aktivieren Sie
+ <guilabel>Buchungsfilter</guilabel> aus. Aktivieren Sie
optional die Kontrollkästchen für reguläre Ausdrücke, um den
POSIX-Regex-Abgleich einzuschalten. Reguläre Ausdrücke
ermöglichen komplexere Abfragen, z. B. kann der Buchungsfilter
commit 3aa861594d25e04f13615ae20dce06db92a481db
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Wed Jan 20 17:44:12 2021 +0100
Corrected transaction to Buchung
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index 4a63fc9..cbd11bf 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
diese Informationen auf sinnvolle Weise zu extrahieren. &app;'s
Berichtsfunktionen ermöglichen Ihnen genau das.</para>
<para>Mit den Berichtsfunktionen von &app; können Sie nahezu jede Gruppe
- von Transaktionen in einer Vielzahl von Formaten anzeigen. Das macht es
+ von Buchungen in einer Vielzahl von Formaten anzeigen. Das macht es
einfach, Fragen zu Ihren Finanzen zu beantworten, wie z. B. <quote>Wie viel
habe ich letzten Monat für Lebensmittel ausgegeben?</quote> oder
<quote>Wie viel habe ich in den letzten sechs Monaten verdient?</quote></para>
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
<para>Die Standardberichte, die in &app; enthalten sind, werden in
diesem Kapitel vorgestellt. Für jeden Bericht wird eine kurze Beschreibung
gegeben, die erklärt, was der Bericht zeigen soll und was sein Hauptzweck ist.
- Wir beginnen mit einer Beschreibung des Transaktionsberichts, der ein
+ Wir beginnen mit einer Beschreibung des Buchungsberichtes, der ein
Allzweckbericht mit vielen Funktionen und Einstellungen ist, die eine
anspruchsvolle Untersuchung der Daten in einer Datei ermöglichen.
</para>
commit 423f97f6e0b0280e4adf70d1ea9f83f7a2ef07fa
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Wed Jan 20 16:04:35 2021 +0100
Finished the translation of chapter reports
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index 3fb9005..4a63fc9 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ zu lernen, wie sie ihre eigenen Berichte schreiben können.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
-<title>Empfangsbeispielsbericht</title>
+<title>Willkommen zu GnuCash</title>
<para>Dieser Bericht demonstriert, wie der Mehrspaltenbericht verwendet
werden kann, um benutzerdefinierte Dashboard-artige Berichte zu
erstellen.</para>
@@ -908,278 +908,297 @@ und Summen bis hinunter zu Unterkonten der dritten Ebene.</para>
Kontenplan. Sie können diesen Bericht verwenden, um den Kontenplan zu
exportieren und zu drucken.</para>
<note>
- <para>Um einen Bericht über die Gesamtsummen der Konten über einen
- bestimmten Zeitraum zu erstellen (insbesondere, wenn Sie Ihre Bücher
- nicht in regelmäßigen Abständen abschließen), können Sie die Berichte
+ <para>Um einen Bericht über die Gesamtsummen der Konten über einen
+ bestimmten Zeitraum zu erstellen (insbesondere, wenn Sie Ihre Bücher
+ nicht in regelmäßigen Abständen abschließen), können Sie die Berichte
"Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung" oder "Cashflow" verwenden.</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_balance_forecast">
- <title>Saldo-Vorhersaget</title>
- <para>Damit wird ein Saldenplan erstellt, der die Salden von Anlagen
- (oder anderen Konten) einschließlich der Beträge aus zukünftigen
- geplanten Buchungen nachverfolgen soll. Die Salden enthalten alle
- regelmäßig gebuchten Beträge und zukünftige Beträge aus numerischen
+ <title>Saldo-Vorhersage</title>
+ <para>Damit wird ein Saldenplan erstellt, der die Salden von Anlagen
+ (oder anderen Konten) einschließlich der Beträge aus zukünftigen
+ geplanten Buchungen nachverfolgen soll. Die Salden enthalten alle
+ regelmäßig gebuchten Beträge und zukünftige Beträge aus numerischen
Terminbuchungsvorlagen.</para>
- <para>Dieser Bericht kann auch zusätzliche Datendiagramme hinzufügen,
- um zukünftige Mindestsalden zu prognostizieren. Die Reservelinie kann
- angezeigt werden, um zu bestätigen, ob das zukünftige Minimum unter
- den Reservebetrag fallen wird. Für die Finanzplanung kann auch eine
+ <para>Dieser Bericht kann auch zusätzliche Datendiagramme hinzufügen,
+ um zukünftige Mindestsalden zu prognostizieren. Die Reservelinie kann
+ angezeigt werden, um zu bestätigen, ob das zukünftige Minimum unter
+ den Reservebetrag fallen wird. Für die Finanzplanung kann auch eine
Ziellinie über der Reservelinie angezeigt werden.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
-<title>Future Scheduled Transactions Summary</title>
+<title>Zusammenfassung zukünftig geplanter Buchungen</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_taxtxf">
-<title>Tax Report & TXF Export</title>
-<para>Generates a report and a downloadable .txf file of taxable income and
-deductible expenses for a particular accounting period. To download the report
-data, choose the Export button on the toolbar and choose between html and .txf
-downloadable versions.</para>
-<para>To use this report, you must use Edit --> Tax Options to identify which
-form the taxing authority uses for each income or expense account. Note that
-you can see but not modify the "Tax related" checkbox in Edit --> Edit Account.</para>
+<title>Steuerbericht und ELSTER-Export</title>
+<para>Erzeugt einen Bericht und eine herunterladbare .txf-Datei der
+steuerpflichtigen Einnahmen und abzugsfähigen Ausgaben für einen
+bestimmten Abrechnungszeitraum. Um die Berichtsdaten herunterzuladen,
+wählen Sie die Schaltfläche Exportieren in der Symbolleiste und wählen
+Sie zwischen den herunterladbaren Versionen html und .txf.</para>
+<para>Um diesen Bericht zu verwenden, müssen Sie unter Bearbeiten -->
+Steueroptionen festlegen, welches Formular die Steuerbehörde für jedes
+Ertrags- oder Aufwandskonto verwendet. Beachten Sie, dass Sie das
+Kontrollkästchen "Steuerbezogen" in Bearbeiten --> Konto bearbeiten
+sehen, aber nicht ändern können.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_savedrpts">
<title>Saved Report Configurations</title>
-<para>Selecting this will open a dialog with a list of available Saved Report
-Configurations. "Saved Report Configurations" means sets of customized
-settings for standard reports.</para>
-<para>These sets must be saved by the user before they appear here. See
-Report Concepts above for instructions on how to save report configurations.</para>
+<para>Wenn Sie dies auswählen, wird ein Dialog mit einer Liste der
+verfügbaren gespeicherten Berichtskonfigurationen geöffnet.
+"Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen" sind Sätze von angepassten
+Einstellungen für Standardberichte.</para>
+<para>Diese Sets müssen vom Benutzer gespeichert werden, bevor sie hier
+erscheinen. Anweisungen zum Speichern von Berichtskonfigurationen finden
+Sie unter Berichtskonzepte oben..</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_acctreport">
-<title>Account Report</title>
-<para>The Account Report menu entry only appears when an account register is
-the active tab. This report produces a list of all transactions in the open
-register.</para>
-<para>Note that if you conduct a search that retrieves several transactions, the
-results are displayed in a new search register, which can then be used to create
-a report for just those transactions.</para>
+<title>Kontenbericht</title>
+<para>Der Menüeintrag Kontobericht erscheint nur, wenn ein Kontoregister
+die aktive Registerkarte ist. Dieser Bericht erstellt eine Liste aller
+Buchungen im offenen Register.</para>
+<para>Beachten Sie, dass, wenn Sie eine Suche durchführen, die mehrere
+Buchungen abruft, die Ergebnisse in einem neuen Suchregister angezeigt
+werden, das dann verwendet werden kann, um einen Bericht nur für diese
+Buchungen zu erstellen.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_accttxnrept">
-<title>Account Transaction Report</title>
-<para>This report also only appears when an account register is the active tab.
-However, this report only lists transactions that have been selected
-(e.g. by mouse click) in the current register. If no transactions are selected,
-an empty report will be generated.</para>
+<title>Buchungsbericht</title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht wird ebenfalls nur angezeigt, wenn ein Kontoregister
+die aktive Registerkarte ist. Allerdings listet dieser Bericht nur
+Buchungen auf, die im aktuellen Register ausgewählt wurden (z. B. durch
+Mausklick). Wenn keine Buchungen ausgewählt sind, wird ein leerer Bericht
+erstellt.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_transaction">
- <title>Using the Transaction Report</title>
- <para>The Transaction Report can be heavily customised to produce most
- reports appropriate for personal finance and business bookkeeping purposes.
- It aims to retrieve and filter information from the database, and present
- transactions and totals, useful for the user and the accountant.</para>
- <para>The following guide to the Transaction Report will assume the
- user has set up the chart of accounts according to conventional bookkeeping
- practice. For example, the following describes a typical household book with
- skeleton accounts. Further accounts will undoubtedly be necessary.</para>
+ <title>Nutzung des Buchungsberichtes</title>
+ <para>Der Transaktionsbericht kann stark angepasst werden, um die
+ meisten Berichte zu erstellen, die für persönliche Finanzen und
+ geschäftliche Buchhaltungszwecke geeignet sind. Er dient dazu,
+ Informationen aus der Datenbank abzurufen und zu filtern sowie
+ Buchungen und Summen darzustellen, die für den Benutzer und den
+ Buchhalter nützlich sind.</para>
+ <para>In der folgenden Anleitung zum Buchungsbericht wird davon
+ ausgegangen, dass der Benutzer den Kontenplan entsprechend der
+ üblichen Buchhaltungspraxis eingerichtet hat. Im Folgenden wird zum
+ Beispiel ein typisches Haushaltsbuch mit Rahmenkonten beschrieben.
+ Weitere Konten werden zweifelsohne notwendig sein.</para>
<table>
- <title>Sample Chart of Accounts for the Transaction Report</title>
+ <title>Musterbeispiel für einen Buchungsbericht</title>
<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
<thead>
<row>
- <entry>Account Name</entry>
- <entry>Account Type</entry>
+ <entry>Kontoname</entry>
+ <entry>Kontotyp</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry>Asset</entry>
- <entry>ASSET (placeholder)</entry>
+ <entry>Aktiva</entry>
+ <entry>AKTIVA (Platzhalter)</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>Aktiva:Bank</entry>
<entry>BANK</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Asset:Property</entry>
- <entry>ASSET</entry>
+ <entry>Aktiva:Vermögen</entry>
+ <entry>AKtiva</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Liability</entry>
- <entry>LIABILITY (placeholder)</entry>
+ <entry>Verbindlichkeit</entry>
+ <entry>VERBINDLICHKEIT (Platzhalter)</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Liability:Credit Card</entry>
- <entry>CREDIT CARD</entry>
+ <entry>Verbindlichkeit:Kreditkarte</entry>
+ <entry>KREDITKARTE</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Liability:Home Loan</entry>
- <entry>LIABILITY</entry>
+ <entry>Verbindlichkeit:Wohnungsbaudarlehen</entry>
+ <entry>Verbindlichkeit</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Income</entry>
- <entry>INCOME (placeholder)</entry>
+ <entry>Ertrag</entry>
+ <entry>ERTRAG (Paltzhalter)</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Income:Salary</entry>
- <entry>INCOME</entry>
+ <entry>Ertrag:Gehalt</entry>
+ <entry>ERTRAG</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Income:Interest</entry>
- <entry>INCOME</entry>
+ <entry>Ertrag:Zinsen</entry>
+ <entry>Ertrag</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Expense</entry>
- <entry>EXPENSE (placeholder)</entry>
+ <entry>Aufwand</entry>
+ <entry>AUFWAND (Platzhalter)</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Expense:Groceries</entry>
- <entry>EXPENSE</entry>
+ <entry>Aufwand:Lebensmittel</entry>
+ <entry>AUFWAND</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Expense:Auto</entry>
- <entry>EXPENSE</entry>
+ <entry>Aufwand:Auto</entry>
+ <entry>AUFWAND</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Expense:Medical</entry>
- <entry>EXPENSE</entry>
+ <entry>Aufwand:Gesundheit</entry>
+ <entry>AUFWAND</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Equity</entry>
- <entry>EQUITY (placeholder)</entry>
+ <entry>Eigenkapital</entry>
+ <entry>EIGENKAPITAL (Platzhalter)</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Equity:Opening Balances</entry>
- <entry>EQUITY</entry>
+ <entry>Eigenkapital:Anfangsbestand</entry>
+ <entry>EIGENKAPITAL</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
- <para>Conventionally, the oldest transaction would be equity transfers from
- Equity:Opening Balances to Asset and Liability Accounts. Most subsequent
- transactions would be transfers from Income/Expense accounts to
- Assets/Liability accounts (representing day-to-day activity e.g. receiving
- salary, paying utility bill), or transfers between assets and liability
- accounts (representing movements between loans and assets, e.g. paying
- credit card bill, receiving a loan).</para>
- <para>The following use cases will be illustrated, and the options to be
- selected explained:</para>
+ <para>Normalerweise sind die ältesten Buchungen Eigenkapitalübertragungen
+ von Eigenkapital: Eröffnungssalden auf Aktiv- und Passivkonten. Die
+ meisten nachfolgenden Buchungen sind Ãœbertragungen von
+ Ertrags-/Aufwandskonten auf Aktiva-/Passiva-Konten (die alltägliche
+ Aktivitäten darstellen, z. B. Gehaltseingang, Zahlung einer
+ Stromrechnung) oder Ãœbertragungen zwischen Aktiva- und Passiva-Konten
+ (die Bewegungen zwischen Krediten und Aktiva darstellen, z. B. Zahlung
+ einer Kreditkartenrechnung, Erhalt eines Kredits)..</para>
+ <para>Die folgenden Anwendungsfälle werden veranschaulicht, und die
+ zu wählenden Optionen werden erläutert:</para>
<sect3>
- <title>Using the Transaction Report to show previous year
- expenses</title>
- <para>The Transaction Report can show how much was spent on
- expense accounts last year. This will usually be the most useful
- basic transaction report format. To create this report:
+ <title>Verwendung des Buchungsberichts zur Anzeige der Ausgaben
+ des Vorjahres</title>
+ <para>Der Buchungsbericht kann zeigen, wie viel im letzten Jahr
+ für Aufwandskonten ausgegeben wurde. Dies ist normalerweise das
+ nützlichste grundlegende Format für Buchungsberichte. So erstellen
+ Sie diesen Bericht:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>Open the report options, from the
- <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab, click the Expense
- placeholder account and <guibutton>Select
- Children</guibutton>.</para>
+ <para>Öffnen Sie die Berichtsoptionen, klicken Sie auf der
+ <guilabel>Konten</guilabel> auf das Platzhalterkonto Ausgaben
+ und <guibutton>Unterkonten auswählen </guibutton>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>From the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab, Choose
- relative dates “Start of Previous Year†and “End of Previous
- Yearâ€.</para>
+ <para>Wählen Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Allgemein</guilabel>
+ die relativen Daten "Beginn des Vorjahres" und "Ende des
+ Vorjahres".</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>From the <guilabel>Sorting</guilabel> tab, set
- <guilabel>Primary Key</guilabel> to Accounts, and enable
- <guilabel>Primary Key Subtotal</guilabel>.
+ <para>Setzen Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Sortierung</guilabel>
+ den <guilabel>Primärschlüssel</guilabel> auf Konten und aktivieren
+ Sie <guilabel>Primärschlüssel Zwischensumme</guilabel>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Set the <guilabel>Secondary Key</guilabel> to Date,
- and set the <guilabel>Secondary Key Subtotal</guilabel> to
- None. </para>
+ <para>Setzen Sie den <guilabel>Sekundärschlüssel</guilabel> auf
+ Datum, und setzen Sie den <guilabel>Sekundärschlüssel
+ Zwischensumme</guilabel> auf Keine. </para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
- <title>Secondary level grouping</title>
- <para>The following will modify the above Transaction Report to
- use a secondary grouping strategy. The first grouping
- (i.e. Primary Key = Accounts, Subtotal = enabled) will group
- transactions from the same accounts, whereas the secondary
- grouping (i.e. Secondary Key = Date, Subtotal = Monthly) will
- also calculate monthly sums within each account.</para>
+ <title>Gruppierung der zweiten Ebene</title>
+ <para>Im Folgenden wird der obige Buchungsbericht modifiziert, um
+ eine zusätzliche Gruppeneinteilung zu verwenden. Die erste
+ Gruppierung (d. h. Primärschlüssel = Konten, Zwischensumme = aktiviert)
+ gruppiert Buchungen von denselben Konten, während die sekundäre
+ Gruppierung (d. h. Sekundärschlüssel = Datum, Zwischensumme = monatlich)
+ auch monatliche Summen innerhalb jedes Kontos berechnet.</para>
<orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Select options as above</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Sorting</guilabel> tab,
- set <guilabel>Secondary Key Subtotal</guilabel> to Monthly
+ <listitem><para>Wählen Sie Optionen wie oben</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Setzen Sie auf der Registerkarte
+ <guilabel>Sortierung</guilabel> den <guilabel>Sekundärschlüssel
+ Zwischensumme</guilabel> auf Monatlich
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
- <title>Using secondary grouping for periodic comparison</title>
- <para>The Display / Subtotal Table adds a subtotal summary
- table, which will ease comparison of accounts across date
- periods. This displays the same subtotal calculations as the
- main table, presented in a grid structure.
+ <title>Verwendung der sekundären Gruppierung für den periodischen
+ Vergleich</title>
+ <para>Die Anzeige / Zwischensummentabelle fügt eine
+ Zwischensummen-Zusammenfassungstabelle hinzu, die den Vergleich
+ von Konten über Datumsperioden hinweg erleichtert. Hier werden
+ die gleichen Zwischensummenberechnungen wie in der Haupttabelle
+ angezeigt, allerdings in einer Gitterstruktur.
</para>
- <para>In addition, if there are multiple primary-key groups
- (e.g. Date grouping with monthly subtotals, across multiple
- months) the subtotal table will also compute and display the
- primary-key grouping Average. The average is computed as the
- total amount <emphasis>per row</emphasis>, divided by the
- <emphasis>number of columns</emphasis>. This may cause confusion
- when computing monthly spend averages, for instance, if a month
- has no transactions and is not displayed in the table, it will
- <emphasis>not</emphasis> create a corresponding column in the
- table, therefore the average amount will not reflect a true
- monthly average.
+ <para>Wenn es außerdem mehrere Primärschlüsselgruppen gibt
+ (z. B. Datumsgruppierung mit monatlichen Zwischensummen, über
+ mehrere Monaten), berechnet und zeigt die Zwischensummentabelle
+ auch den Primärschlüssel-Gruppierung Durchschnitt. Der Durchschnitt
+ wird berechnet als der Gesamtbetrag <emphasis>pro Zeile</emphasis>,
+ dividiert durch die <emphasis>Anzahl der Spalten</emphasis>. Dies
+ kann zu Verwirrung führen bei der Berechnung der monatlichen
+ Ausgabendurchschnitte führen, z. B. wenn ein Monat keine Buchungen
+ hat und nicht in der Tabelle angezeigt wird, wird er
+ <emphasis>nicht</emphasis> eine entsprechende Spalte in der Tabelle,
+ daher spiegelt der Durchschnittsbetrag nicht den wahren
+ Monatsdurchschnitt.
</para>
<orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>Select options as above</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Display</guilabel> tab,
- enable the <guilabel>Subtotal Table</guilabel>.</para>
+ <listitem><para>Optionen wie oben auswählen</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Aktivieren Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Anzeige
+ </guilabel> die <guilabel>Zwischensummentabelle</guilabel>.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
- <title>Use filtering to limit accounts and transactions</title>
- <para>Accounts and transactions can be filtered for reporting
- according to account full name (e.g. ":Business:" will
- select account structure Income:Business:Sales, Income:Business:Grants,
- Expenses:Business:Rent, Expenses:Business:Utilities) or transaction
- description/notes/memo (select transactions tagged #gift).
- The filtering text may be either a standard string, or a POSIX regular
- expression.</para>
+ <title>Verwenden Sie die Filterung, um Konten und Buchungen
+ einzuschränken</title>
+ <para>Konten und Buchungen können für die Berichterstellung nach
+ dem vollständigen Namen des Kontos gefiltert werden (z. B.
+ ":Business:" wählt die Kontenstruktur Einnahmen:Business:Verkauf,
+ Einnahmen:Business:Zuschüsse, Ausgaben:Business:Miete,
+ Ausgaben:Business:Versorgungsunternehmen) oder nach der
+ Beschreibung/Notizen/Memo der Buchung (wählt Buchungen mit dem
+ Tag #gift). Der Filtertext kann entweder eine Standardzeichenkette
+ oder ein regulärer POSIX-Ausdruck sein.</para>
<orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Filter</guilabel> tab,
- complete the <guilabel>Account Name Filter</guilabel>, or
- <guilabel>Transaction Filter</guilabel>. Optionally toggle the
- regular expression check boxes to toggle full POSIX regex
- matching. Regular expressions will allow more complex
- queries e.g. the transaction filter can be set to
- (#gift|#travel) which will filter transactions with either
- #gift or #travel. They can be complicated and are best learned
- from external guides.</para>
+ <listitem><para>Füllen Sie auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Filter
+ </guilabel> den <guilabel>Kontonamenfilter</guilabel> oder
+ <guilabel>Transaktionsfilter</guilabel> aus. Aktivieren Sie
+ optional die Kontrollkästchen für reguläre Ausdrücke, um den
+ POSIX-Regex-Abgleich einzuschalten. Reguläre Ausdrücke
+ ermöglichen komplexere Abfragen, z. B. kann der Buchungsfilter
+ auf (#gift|#travel) gesetzt werden, was Buchungen mit entweder
+ #gift oder #travel filtert. Sie können kompliziert sein und
+ werden am besten von externen Anleitungen gelernt.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
- <title>Using the Transaction Report to generate a
- reconciliation statement.</title>
- <para>This sortkey 'reconcile status' will separate reconciled,
- cleared and unreconciled transactions. This report may be useful
- in producing a printable reconciliation report.</para>
- <para>Alternatively, the <guilabel>Reconciliation Report
- </guilabel> will preset these defaults and requires only the
- Accounts selection.
+ <title>Verwendung des Buchungsberichts zur Erstellung einer
+ Abstimmungsrechnung.</title>
+ <para>Dieser Sortierschlüssel "Abstimmungsstatus" trennt
+ abgestimmte, ausgeglichene und nicht abgestimmte Buchungen.
+ Dieser Bericht kann nützlich sein, um einen druckbaren
+ Abstimmungsbericht zu erstellen.</para> <para>Alternativ wird der
+ <guilabel>Abstimmungsbericht</guilabel> diese Vorgaben
+ voreinstellen und erfordert nur die Auswahl der Konten.
</para>
<orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab,
- select the relevant bank or credit card account</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab,
- choose an appropriate date range e.g. past 3 months</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Sorting</guilabel> tab,
- set the <guilabel>Primary Key</guilabel> to Reconcile
- Status, <guilabel>Primary Key Subtotal</guilabel> to enabled,
- and set the <guilabel>Secondary Key</guilabel> to Date. The
- <guilabel>Secondary Date Subtotal</guilabel> is left to None
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte <guilabel>Konten</guilabel>,
+ wählen Sie das entsprechende Bank- oder Kreditkartenkonto aus
+ </para></listitem> <listitem><para>Aus der Registerkarte
+ <guilabel>Allgemein</guilabel>, wählen Sie einen geeigneten
+ Datumsbereich, z.B. die letzten 3 Monate</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Aus der Registerkarte <guilabel>Sortierung</guilabel>,
+ setzen Sie den <guilabel>Primärschlüssel</guilabel> auf Abgleich
+ Status, <guilabel>Primärschlüssel Zwischensumme</guilabel> auf
+ aktiviert, und setzen Sie den <guilabel>Sekundärschlüssel</guilabel>
+ auf Datum. Die <guilabel>Sekundäres Datum Zwischensumme</guilabel>
+ wird auf Keine gesetzt
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
commit 4dd655bfa3b2aaa33dd6213e980b1cb62214655e
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Wed Jan 20 14:44:15 2021 +0100
Translated part Income & Expense and Examples
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index 91bd780..3fb9005 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -496,204 +496,236 @@ nach Name, Gewinnprozentsatz oder Höhe des Gewinns.</para></listitem>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_incexp">
-<title>Income and Expense Group</title>
-<para>Reports in this group provide information about Income and Expense</para>
+<title>Gruppe Aufwand & Ertrag</title>
+<para>Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern Informationen über Einnahmen und
+Ausgaben</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_cashflow">
-<title>Cash Flow</title>
-<para>This report shows the change in value for a set of accounts (the flow of cash)
-over a given period of time. By default, this report is based on accounts in Assets and
-Special Accounts, and covers the current financial period. The report enumerates
-all money coming in to and going out of the base accounts, broken down by the
-other account.</para>
+<title>Kapitalfluss</title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht zeigt die Wertänderung für einen Satz von Konten
+ (den Geldfluss) über einen bestimmten Zeitraum an. Standardmäßig basiert
+ dieser Bericht auf Konten in Vermögen und Sonderkonten und deckt die
+ aktuelle Finanzperiode ab. Der Bericht zählt alle Geldeingänge und
+ -ausgänge auf den Basiskonten auf, aufgeschlüsselt nach dem anderen
+ Konto.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_equity">
-<title>Equity Statement</title>
-<para>This report can be seen as extension of the Balance Sheet report. The
-Balance Sheet states the balance of Assets, Liabilities and Equity at a
-specific point of time. The Equity Statement focuses on the Equity Accounts
-by showing the cash flow to and from them for a given period of time.</para>
-<para>By balancing this cash flow with income, the report shows the available
-capital at the beginning and end of the selected time period.</para>
+<title>Eigenkapitalbilanz</title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht kann als Erweiterung des Bilanzberichts angesehen
+ werden. Die Bilanz gibt den Saldo von Aktiva, Passiva und Eigenkapital
+ zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt an. Der Eigenkapitalnachweis konzentriert
+ sich auf die Eigenkapitalkonten, indem er den Cashflow zu und von ihnen
+ für einen bestimmten Zeitraum zeigt.</para>
+<para>Durch die Bilanzierung dieses Kapitalflusses mit den Einnahmen
+ zeigt der Bericht das verfügbare Kapital zu Beginn und am Ende des
+ gewählten Zeitraums.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_expbarchart">
-<title>Expense Barchart</title>
-<para>The Expense Barchart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
-barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
-have specific expense types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
-the current financial period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<title>Aufwendungen Diagramm</title>
+<para>Das Aufwendungen-Diagramm stellt den Wert der Aufwendungen auf
+ monatlicher Basis in Form eines Balkendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig zeigt
+ der Bericht die acht größten Konten an, denen bestimmte Aufwandstypen
+ zugewiesen sind, und er zeigt Balken für die aktuelle Finanzperiode
+ an.</para>
+<para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+ Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
-the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
-the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
-form below the chart.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+ "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontosummen aggregiert.
+ Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+ Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+ "Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
+ Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
+ ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
+ Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer Form unterhalb des Diagramms.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+ "Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+ enthaltenen Wertpapiere erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_exppiechart">
-<title>Expense Piechart</title>
-<para>The Expense Piechart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
-piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
-have specific expense types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
-value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<title>Aufwendungen Tortendiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Tortendiagramm der Aufwendungen stellt den Wert der Aufwendungen
+ auf monatlicher Basis in Form eines Tortendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig
+ zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen bestimmte
+ Aufwandstypen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge nach Wert
+ zum Ende der aktuellen Abrechnungsperiode.</para>
+<para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+ Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
-slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+ "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontosummen aggregiert.
+ Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+ Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+ "Maximale Abschnitte" mehr Abschnitte im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
+ Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+ "Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+ enthaltenen Waren erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_expdayoweek">
-<title>Expenses vs. Day of Week</title>
-<para>Expenses vs. Day of Week presents a pie chart showing the totals for
-selected expense accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction.
-The report options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts,
-display options, and the date range) but the account selector only allows
-expense accounts to be chosen. The report aggregates expense transactions by
-day of week, not by any other period or category. Due to these limitations,
-the report may be considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting
-to examine the source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+<title>Aufwendungen pro Wochentag</title>
+<para>Aufwendungen pro Wochentag zeigt ein Tortendiagramm mit den Summen
+ für ausgewählte Aufwandskonten, summiert nach dem Wochentag der Buchungen.
+ Mit den Berichtsoptionen können Sie einige Anpassungen vornehmen (z. B.
+ Konten, Anzeigeoptionen und den Datumsbereich), aber die Kontenauswahl
+ erlaubt nur die Auswahl von Aufwandskonten. Der Bericht aggregiert
+ Aufwandsbuchungen nach Wochentag, nicht nach einem anderen Zeitraum
+ oder einer Kategorie. Aufgrund dieser Einschränkungen kann der Bericht
+ als Demonstration oder als Beispiel für jemanden betrachtet werden, der
+ den Quellcode für die Erstellung eines nützlichen benutzerdefinierten
+ Berichts untersuchen möchte..</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_incomebarchart">
-<title>Income Barchart</title>
-<para>The Income Barchart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
-barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
-have specific income types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
-the current financial period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<title>Ertrags-Diagramm</title>
+<para>Das Ertrags-Diagramm stellt den Wert der Erträge auf monatlicher
+Basis in Form eines Balkendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht
+die acht größten Konten an, denen bestimmte Ertragsarten zugewiesen sind,
+und er zeigt Balken für die aktuelle Finanzperiode an.</para>
+<para>Mehrere Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
-the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
-the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
-form below the chart.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+"Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
+Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+"Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass Informationen
+für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Option
+"Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer
+Form unter dem Diagramm.</para></listitem>
+Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option "Preisquelle" den
+berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht enthaltenen Wertpapiere
+erheblich beeinflussen.</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
-<title>Income & Expense Chart</title>
+<title>Aufwands- & Ertrags-Säulendiagramm</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_incomepiechart">
-<title>Income Piechart</title>
-<para>The Income Piechart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
-piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
-have specific income types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
-value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<title>Erträge Tortendiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Tortendiagramm der Erträge stellt den Wert der Erträge auf
+ monatlicher Basis in Form eines Tortendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig zeigt
+ der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen bestimmte Einkommensarten
+ zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge nach dem Wert zum Ende der
+ aktuellen Abrechnungsperiode angeordnet.</para>
+<para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+ Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
-slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option "Konten
+ anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontosummen aggregiert. Ändern
+ Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der Kontostruktur
+ zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option "Maximale Abschnitte" mehr Abschnitte im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option "Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht enthaltenen Wertpapiere erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_incstatement">
-<title>Income Statement</title>
-<para>This report lists Income and Expense account totals for a set period. By
-default, it shows all Expense and Income accounts down to 3 levels of
-sub-accounts for the current financial period.</para>
-<para>An Income Statement is also called a "Profit and Loss" report or "Revenue Statement."</para>
-<para>In earlier versions of &app;, this report was called
-"Profit & Loss," but with version 2, the report was renamed "Income Statement"
-to use more common accounting terminology.</para>
-<para>The Income Statement helps show where money is coming from and where it is
-going for a given time period.</para>
+<title>Ergebnisrechnung </title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht listet die Summen der Aufwands- und Ertragskonten
+für einen bestimmten Zeitraum auf. Standardmäßig zeigt er alle Aufwands-
+und Ertragskonten bis hinunter zu 3 Ebenen von Unterkonten für die
+aktuelle Finanzperiode.</para>
+<para>Eine Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung wird auch als "Gewinn- und Verlust"-Bericht oder "Umsatzrechnung" bezeichnet.</para>
+<para>In früheren Versionen von &app; hieß dieser Bericht "Gewinn &
+ Verlust", aber mit Version 2 wurde der Bericht in "Gewinn- und
+ Verlustrechnung" umbenannt, um eine gängigere Buchhaltungsterminologie
+ zu verwenden.</para>
+<para>Die Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung zeigt, woher das Geld kommt und
+wohin es in einem bestimmten Zeitraum fließt.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_incdayoweek">
-<title>Income vs. Day of Week</title>
-<para>Income vs. Day of Week presents a piechart showing the totals for selected
-income accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction. The report
-options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts, display options,
-and the date range) but the account selector only allows income accounts to be
-chosen. The report aggregates income transactions by day of week, not by any
-other period or category. Due to these limitations, the report may be
-considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting to examine the
-source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+<title>Ertrag pro Wochentag</title>
+<para>Erträge pro Wochentag zeigt ein Tortendiagramm mit den Summen für
+ausgewählte Ertragskonten, summiert nach dem Wochentag der Buchung. Mit
+den Berichtsoptionen können Sie einige Anpassungen vornehmen (z. B.
+Konten, Anzeigeoptionen und den Datumsbereich), aber die Kontenauswahl
+erlaubt nur die Auswahl von Ertragskonten. Der Bericht aggregiert Buchungen
+nach Wochentag, nicht nach anderen Zeiträumen oder Kategorien. Aufgrund
+dieser Einschränkungen kann der Bericht als Demonstration oder als
+Beispiel für jemanden betrachtet werden, der den Quellcode für die
+Erstellung eines nützlichen benutzerdefinierten Berichts untersuchen
+möchte..</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_trialbal">
-<title>Trial Balance</title>
-<para>Trial Balance lists the ending balances in all accounts as of a particular
-date. It is typically run at the end of an accounting period and is primarily
-used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</para>
+<title>Rohbilanz</title>
+<para>Die Rohbilanz listet die Endsalden aller Konten zu einem bestimmten
+ Datum auf. Sie wird typischerweise am Ende einer Buchhaltungsperiode
+ ausgeführt und dient in erster Linie dazu, sicherzustellen, dass die
+ Summe aller Belastungen gleich der Summe aller Gutschriften ist.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_gst_statement">
- <title>Income and GST Statement</title>
- <para>The Income and GST Statement is a specialised Transaction
- Report designed to print Business-related Sales and Receipts, as
- well as their GST or VAT components. This report is designed for use
- in Australia, but is also usable in any jurisdictions implementing
- value-added taxes (or goods and services taxes) during regular
- business sales and receipts; and the business owner is expected to
- submit periodic reports of total sales, purchases, and taxes
- collected on sales from clients or paid to a supplier.
+ <title>Einkommens- und Umsatzsteuererklärung (GST)</title>
+ <para>Die Einkommens- und Umsatzsteuererklärung ist ein spezieller
+ Buchungsbericht, der für den Ausdruck von geschäftsbezogenen Verkäufen
+ und Einnahmen sowie deren Einkommens- und Umsatzsteuerkomponenten
+ entwickelt wurde. Dieser Bericht ist für die Verwendung in Australien
+ entwickelt, kann aber auch in allen anderen Ländern verwendet werden,
+ die Mehrwertsteuern (oder Waren- und Dienstleistungssteuern) bei
+ regulären Geschäftsverkäufe und -einnahmen; und vom Geschäftsinhaber
+ wird erwartet, dass er periodische Berichte über die gesamten Verkäufe,
+ Käufe und Steuern einreichen die auf Verkäufe von Kunden erhoben oder
+ an einen Lieferanten gezahlt wurden.
</para>
- <para>This report makes some assumptions upon the accounts used for
- sales, purchases, and taxes collected on sales, and paid on purchases.
+ <para>Dieser Bericht macht einige Annahmen über die Konten, die für
+ Verkäufe, Käufe und die auf Verkäufe erhobenen und auf Käufe gezahlten
+ Steuern verwendet werden.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>Net Sales must be an Income-type account</para>
+ <para>Nettoumsatz muss ein ertragsartiges Konto sein</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Net Purchases must be an Expense-type account</para>
+ <para>Nettoeinkäufe müssen ein Aufwandskonto sein</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>GST/VAT on Sales must be a Liability-type account</para>
+ <para>Umsatzsteuer auf Verkäufe muss ein Konto vom Typ Verbindlichkeit
+ sein</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>GST/VAT on Purchases must be an Asset-type account</para>
+ <para>Umsatzsteuer auf Einkäufe muss ein Konto vom Typ Anlage sein</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>There may be multiple GST accounts, e.g. reduced GST,
- standard GST etc. The GST accounts can be printed individually,
- or summarised for sales and purchases.</para>
+ <para>Es kann mehrere Umsatzsteuer-Konten geben, z. B. reduzierte
+ Umsatzsteuer, Standardumsatzsteuer usw. Die Umsatzsteuer-Konten
+ können einzeln oder zusammengefasst für Verkäufe und Einkäufe
+ gedruckt werden..</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>There may be multiple sales and expenses accounts,
- e.g. Income:Sales, Income:Grants, Expenses:Suppliers,
- Expenses:Marketing, Expenses:Insurance. These amounts may be
- reported individually, or summarised for sales and purchases.</para>
+ <para>Es kann mehrere Umsatz- und Aufwandskonten geben, z. B.
+ Ertrag:Umsatz, Ertrag:Zuschüsse, Aufwand:Lieferanten,
+ Aufwand:Marketing, Aufwand:Versicherung. Diese Beträge können
+ einzeln oder zusammengefasst für Verkäufe und Einkäufe gemeldet
+ werden.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>The transactions may be entered manually as a multi-split
- transaction, or they may be entered via the Business Invoices
- and Bills tools.</para>
+ <para>Die Buchungen können manuell als Multi-Split-Transaktion oder
+ über die Werkzeuge für Geschäftsrechnungen und Rechnungen eingegeben
+ werden.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>As an example, consider a business has the following
- transactions: It incurs sales of $1,000 plus 5% GST, receiving
- $1,050. It also incurs GST-exempt sales of $600. It purchases
- goods/services worth $400 plus 5% = $420. The following transactions
- will record the business activities:
+ <para>Nehmen wir als Beispiel an, ein Unternehmen hat die folgenden
+ Buchungen: Es tätigt Verkäufe in Höhe von 1.000 $ plus 5 % GST und
+ erhält 1.050 $. Außerdem tätigt es GST-befreite Verkäufe in Höhe von
+ $600. Es kauft Waren/Dienstleistungen im Wert von $400 plus 5% = $420.
+ Die folgenden Buchungen werden die Geschäftsaktivitäten aufzeichnen:
</para>
<table>
- <title>Sample Chart of Accounts for Income and GST Statement</title>
+ <title>Musterkontenplan für die Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung und die
+ Umsatzsteuererklärung (GST)</title>
<tgroup cols="5" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<colspec colname="date"/>
<colspec colname="desc"/>
@@ -702,71 +734,66 @@ used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</pa
<colspec colname="credit" align="right"/>
<thead>
<row>
- <entry>Date</entry>
- <entry>Description</entry>
- <entry>Account</entry>
- <entry>Debit</entry>
- <entry>Credit</entry>
+ <entry>Datum</entry>
+ <entry>Beschreibung</entry>
+ <entry>Konto</entry>
+ <entry>Soll</entry>
+ <entry>Haben</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry morerows="2" valign="top">01/01/2018</entry>
- <entry morerows="2" valign="top">Sales $1,000 + 5% GST</entry>
- <entry>Income:Sales</entry>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">01.01.2018</entry>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">Verkauf 1.000,00 € + 5 % MwST</entry>
+ <entry>Erträge:Umsatz</entry>
<entry></entry>
- <entry>$1,000</entry>
+ <entry>1.000,00 €</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>GST on Sales [Liability]</entry>
+ <entry>Umsatzsteuer auf Verkäufe [Verbindlichkeiten] (GST)</entry>
<entry></entry>
- <entry>$50</entry>
+ <entry>50,00 €</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
- <entry>$1,050</entry>
+ <entry>Aktiva:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>1.050,00 €</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry morerows="1" valign="top">02/01/2018</entry>
- <entry morerows="1" valign="top">GST-Free Sales $600</entry>
- <entry>Income:Sales</entry>
+ <entry morerows="1" valign="top">02.01.2018</entry>
+ <entry morerows="1" valign="top">Umsatzsteuerfreier Verkauf 600 €</entry>
+ <entry>Erträge:Umsatz</entry>
<entry></entry>
- <entry>$600</entry>
+ <entry>600,00 €</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
- <entry>$600</entry>
+ <entry>Aktiva:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>600,00 €</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry morerows="2" valign="top">03/01/2018</entry>
- <entry morerows="2" valign="top">Purchase $400 + 5% GST</entry>
- <entry>Expenses:Purchases</entry>
- <entry>$400</entry>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">03.01.2018</entry>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">Kauf von 400,00 € + 5% MwSt.</entry>
+ <entry>Aufwendungen:Einkäufe</entry>
+ <entry>400,00 €</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>Aktiva:Bank</entry>
<entry></entry>
- <entry>$420</entry>
+ <entry>420,00 €</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>GST on Purchases [Asset]</entry>
- <entry>$20</entry>
+ <entry>Umsatzsteuer auf Einkäufe [Aktiva]</entry>
+ <entry>20,00 €</entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
- <para>For the Income and GST Statement, the
- <option>Accounts</option> selected will be the Income and Expense
- Accounts, and the <option>Tax accounts</option> are used to select
- the GST accounts. The GST period is selected via the
- <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab. The resulting report is shown as
- follows:</para>
+ <para>Für die Einkommens- und Umsatzsteuererklärung werden als <option>Konten</option> die Ertrags- und Aufwandskonten ausgewählt, und mit den <option>Steuerkonten</option> werden die Umsatzsteuer-Konten ausgewählt. Der Umsatzsteuer-Zeitraum wird über die Registerkarte <guilabel>Allgemein</guilabel> ausgewählt. Der resultierende Bericht wird wie folgt dargestellt:</para>
<table>
- <title>Income and GST Statement</title>
+ <title>Einkommens- und Umsatzsteuererklärung (GST)</title>
<tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<colspec colname="date"/>
<colspec colname="desc"/>
@@ -778,120 +805,128 @@ used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</pa
<colspec colname="tax-purch" align="right"/>
<thead>
<row>
- <entry>Date</entry>
- <entry>Description</entry>
- <entry>Total Sales</entry>
- <entry>Net Sales</entry>
- <entry>Tax on Sales</entry>
- <entry>Total Purchases</entry>
- <entry>Net Purchases</entry>
- <entry>Tax on Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>Datum</entry>
+ <entry>Beschreibung</entry>
+ <entry>Gesamtumsatz</entry>
+ <entry>Netto-Umsatz</entry>
+ <entry>Umsatzsteuer</entry>
+ <entry>Gesamteinkäufe</entry>
+ <entry>Netto-Einkäufe</entry>
+ <entry>Steuer auf Einkäufe</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry>01/01/2018</entry>
- <entry>Sales $1,000 + 5%</entry>
- <entry>$1,050</entry>
- <entry>$1,000</entry>
- <entry>$50</entry>
+ <entry>01.01.2018</entry>
+ <entry>Verkauf 1.000,00 € + 5%</entry>
+ <entry>1.050,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>1.000,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>50,00 €</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>02/01/2018</entry>
- <entry>GST-Free Sales $600</entry>
- <entry>$600</entry>
- <entry>$600</entry>
+ <entry>02.01.2018</entry>
+ <entry>Umsatzsteuerfreie Verkäufe 600 €</entry>
+ <entry>600,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>600,00 €</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>03/01/2018</entry>
- <entry>Purchase $400 + 5% GST</entry>
+ <entry>03.01.2018</entry>
+ <entry>Kauf von 400,00 € + 5% MwSt</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
- <entry>$420</entry>
- <entry>$400</entry>
- <entry>$20</entry>
+ <entry>420,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>400,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>20,00 €</entry>
</row>
<row>
- <entry>Totals</entry>
+ <entry>Gesamtsumme</entry>
<entry></entry>
- <entry>$1,650</entry>
- <entry>$1,600</entry>
- <entry>$50</entry>
- <entry>$420</entry>
- <entry>$400</entry>
- <entry>$20</entry>
+ <entry>1.650,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>1,600,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>50,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>420,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>400,00 €</entry>
+ <entry>20,00 E</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
- <para>This report would indicate that there was a total of $50 GST
- collected, and $20 GST on purchases, therefore a $30 GST liability
- is payable to the authorities.</para>
+ <para>Dieser Bericht würde anzeigen, dass insgesamt 50,00 € an
+ Umsatzsteuer eingenommen wurden und 20,00 € auf Einkäufe entfallen,
+ sodass eine Umsatzsteuerschuld von 30,00 € an die Behörden zu zahlen
+ ist.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_sampcust">
-<title>Sample & Custom Group</title>
-<para>The reports in this group offer examples on how reports can be customized
-or podified to suit personal need.</para>
+<title>Gruppe Beispiel & Benutzerdefiniert</title>
+<para>Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe bieten Beispiele dafür, wie Berichte
+an die eigenen Bedürfnisse angepasst oder umgestaltet werden können.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_custommulti">
-<title>Custom Multicolumn Report</title>
-<para>This report provides a base that allows several standard and custom
-reports to be combined into one view. Note that this report opens with an empty
-window; you must open the options and designate which reports to include for display.
-Once the reports have been selected, the settings for individual reports in the
-multicolumn display can be edited.</para>
+<title>Benutzerdefinierter mehrspaltiger Bericht</title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht bietet eine Basis, auf der mehrere Standard- und
+benutzerdefinierte Berichte in einer Ansicht kombiniert werden können.
+Beachten Sie, dass dieser Bericht mit einem leeren Fenster geöffnet wird;
+Sie müssen die Optionen öffnen und festlegen, welche Berichte zur Anzeige
+aufgenommen werden sollen. Nach der Auswahl der Berichte können die
+Einstellungen für einzelne Berichte in der Mehrspaltenanzeige bearbeitet
+werden.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_sample">
-<title>Sample Report with Examples</title>
-<para>This is a sample report that users can examine to learn how to write their own reports.</para>
+<title>Musterbericht mit Beispielen</title>
+<para>Dies ist ein Beispielbericht, den Benutzer untersuchen können, um
+zu lernen, wie sie ihre eigenen Berichte schreiben können.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
-<title>Welcome Sample Report</title>
-<para>This report demonstrates how the Multicolumn Report can be use to create
-custom dashboard-type reports.</para>
+<title>Empfangsbeispielsbericht</title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht demonstriert, wie der Mehrspaltenbericht verwendet
+werden kann, um benutzerdefinierte Dashboard-artige Berichte zu
+erstellen.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_miscrpts">
-<title>Other Reports</title>
-<para>Several reports are included on the main Reports menu. These are described
-below.</para>
+<title>Weitere Berichte</title>
+<para>Im Hauptmenü "Berichte" sind mehrere Berichte enthalten. Diese
+werden im Folgenden beschrieben.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_acctsummary">
-<title>Account Summary</title>
-<para>This lists the balances of all accounts and subaccounts as of a
-particular date. By default, this report shows accounts and totals
-down to third-level subaccounts.</para>
-<para>This report gives effectively the same information as the Chart of Accounts.
-You can use this report to export and print the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+<title>Kontozusammenfassung</title>
+<para>Hier werden die Salden aller Konten und Unterkonten ab einem
+bestimmten Datum aufgelistet. Standardmäßig zeigt dieser Bericht Konten
+und Summen bis hinunter zu Unterkonten der dritten Ebene.</para>
+<para>Dieser Bericht enthält praktisch die gleichen Informationen wie der
+ Kontenplan. Sie können diesen Bericht verwenden, um den Kontenplan zu
+ exportieren und zu drucken.</para>
<note>
- <para>To generate a report of account totals over a particular time period
- (especially if you do not close your books at regular intervals), you might
- consider using the Income Statement, or Cash Flow reports.</para>
+ <para>Um einen Bericht über die Gesamtsummen der Konten über einen
+ bestimmten Zeitraum zu erstellen (insbesondere, wenn Sie Ihre Bücher
+ nicht in regelmäßigen Abständen abschließen), können Sie die Berichte
+ "Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung" oder "Cashflow" verwenden.</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_balance_forecast">
- <title>Balance Forecast</title>
- <para>This creates a balance chart which aims to track asset (or any
- other account type) balances, including amounts from future
- scheduled transactions. The balances will include all regular booked
- amounts and future amounts from numeric scheduled transaction
- templates.</para>
- <para>This report can also add additional data charts to forecast
- future minimum balances. Reserve line can be displayed to confirm if
- future minimum will dip below the reserve amount. A target line may
- also be displayed above the reserve line for financial planning.</para>
+ <title>Saldo-Vorhersaget</title>
+ <para>Damit wird ein Saldenplan erstellt, der die Salden von Anlagen
+ (oder anderen Konten) einschließlich der Beträge aus zukünftigen
+ geplanten Buchungen nachverfolgen soll. Die Salden enthalten alle
+ regelmäßig gebuchten Beträge und zukünftige Beträge aus numerischen
+ Terminbuchungsvorlagen.</para>
+ <para>Dieser Bericht kann auch zusätzliche Datendiagramme hinzufügen,
+ um zukünftige Mindestsalden zu prognostizieren. Die Reservelinie kann
+ angezeigt werden, um zu bestätigen, ob das zukünftige Minimum unter
+ den Reservebetrag fallen wird. Für die Finanzplanung kann auch eine
+ Ziellinie über der Reservelinie angezeigt werden.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
commit eb4afed70962d3b676f88a57e21032237e528628
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Wed Jan 20 11:21:10 2021 +0100
Transalted groug of business reports
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index 8f1bb98..91bd780 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -410,86 +410,87 @@ Aktivitäten im Zusammenhang mit einem Unternehmen.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
<title>Kundenübersicht</title>
-<para>Die Kundenübersicht ist ein Kundengewinnbericht, der bei der
-Auftragsanalyse helfen kann, indem er die Einnahmen und Ausgaben für
+<para>Die Kundenübersicht ist ein Kundengewinnbericht, der bei der
+Auftragsanalyse helfen kann, indem er die Einnahmen und Ausgaben für
einen bestimmten Kunden vergleicht.</para>
-<para>Zu allen Rechnungen gehört ein Besitzer in &app;, so dass
-Rechnungen, die erstellt werden, einen Kunden aufweisen und im Bericht
-angezeigt werden. Beim Erstellen einer Rechnung ist das Feld
-"Default Chargeback Customer" leer. Um den Gewinnbericht zu verwenden,
-benötigt dieses Feld einen Eintrag, da dies das Tag ist, das entscheidet,
-an welche Zeile der Aufwand angehängt wird. Bleibt es leer, wird die
-Rechnung "Kein Kunde" zugewiesen. Ähnlich verhält es sich, wenn Einnahmen
-direkt in ein Register eingegeben werden, anstatt eine Rechnung zu
+<para>Zu allen Rechnungen gehört ein Besitzer in &app;, so dass
+Rechnungen, die erstellt werden, einen Kunden aufweisen und im Bericht
+angezeigt werden. Beim Erstellen einer Rechnung ist das Feld
+"Default Chargeback Customer" leer. Um den Gewinnbericht zu verwenden,
+benötigt dieses Feld einen Eintrag, da dies das Tag ist, das entscheidet,
+an welche Zeile der Aufwand angehängt wird. Bleibt es leer, wird die
+Rechnung "Kein Kunde" zugewiesen. Ähnlich verhält es sich, wenn Einnahmen
+direkt in ein Register eingegeben werden, anstatt eine Rechnung zu
erstellen, werden sie ebenfalls "Kein Kunde" zugewiesen.
</para>
-<para>Wenn dieser Bericht also einen Eintrag für "Kein Kunde" enthält,
-bedeutet dies, dass der Bericht möglicherweise ungenau ist, da die
+<para>Wenn dieser Bericht also einen Eintrag für "Kein Kunde" enthält,
+bedeutet dies, dass der Bericht möglicherweise ungenau ist, da die
Ergebnisse nicht alle richtig beschriftet sind.</para>
<para>Mögliche Einsatzszenarien sind:</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Einzelhandelsumsätzen aus verschiedenen
+<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Einzelhandelsumsätzen aus verschiedenen
Städten</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Mietobjekten</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Geschäftsarten</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Provisionsverkäufen</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-<para>Jedes dieser Szenarien setzt voraus, dass die Kontenstruktur
-Aufschlüsselungen für einzelne verfolgte Kategorien enthält. Durch Ändern
-der Einstellungen auf den Registerkarten "Einnahmen" und "Ausgaben" unter
-"Optionen" können die angezeigten Informationen verfeinert werden.
-Standardmäßig sind alle Einnahmen- und Aufwandskonten enthalten; da &app;
-jedoch die Namen und die Klassifizierung der Einnahmen- und Aufwandskonten
-nicht wirklich vorhersagen kann, muss es sie alle in den Eintrag "Kein Kunde"
+<para>Jedes dieser Szenarien setzt voraus, dass die Kontenstruktur
+Aufschlüsselungen für einzelne verfolgte Kategorien enthält. Durch Ändern
+der Einstellungen auf den Registerkarten "Einnahmen" und "Ausgaben" unter
+"Optionen" können die angezeigten Informationen verfeinert werden.
+Standardmäßig sind alle Einnahmen- und Aufwandskonten enthalten; da &app;
+jedoch die Namen und die Klassifizierung der Einnahmen- und Aufwandskonten
+nicht wirklich vorhersagen kann, muss es sie alle in den Eintrag "Kein Kunde"
gruppieren.</para>
-<para>Beachten Sie, dass bestandsorientierte Unternehmen aufgrund der Art
+<para>Beachten Sie, dass bestandsorientierte Unternehmen aufgrund der Art
dieses Berichts nicht davon profitieren werden.</para>
<para>Sinnvolle Optionen:</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte "Aufwandskonten" ermöglicht die Auswahl
+<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte "Aufwandskonten" ermöglicht die Auswahl
von einem oder mehreren Aufwandskonten.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte Ertragskonten ermöglicht die Auswahl
+<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte Ertragskonten ermöglicht die Auswahl
eines oder mehrerer Ertragskonten.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte "Anzeige" ermöglicht die Sortierung
+<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte "Anzeige" ermöglicht die Sortierung
nach Name, Gewinnprozentsatz oder Höhe des Gewinns.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_easyinv">
-<title>Easy Invoice</title>
+<title>Einfache Rechnung</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_employee">
-<title>Employee Report</title>
+<title>Mitarbeiterbericht</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_fancyinv">
-<title>Fancy Invoice</title>
+<title>Ausgefallene Rechnung</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_payaging">
-<title>Payable Aging</title>
+<title>Entwicklung Verbindlichkeiten</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_prtinv">
-<title>Printable Invoice</title>
+<title>Druckbare Rechnung</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_recaging">
-<title>Receivable Aging</title>
-<para>This report provides a listing of all customers, their current balance, and
-how much they have outstanding from invoices over different time periods—how
-much they owe from 0-30 days, from 31-60 days, from 61-90 days, and over 90 days.
-The report also contains links to each customer and to their current customer report.</para>
+<title>Entwicklung Forderungen</title>
+<para>Dieser Bericht enthält eine Auflistung aller Kunden, ihren aktuellen
+ Saldo und wie viel sie aus Rechnungen über verschiedene Zeiträume
+ ausstehen haben — wie viel sie von 0-30 Tagen, von 31-60 Tagen,
+ von 61-90 Tagen und über 90 Tagen schulden. Der Bericht enthält auch
+ Verknüpfungen zu jedem Kunden und zu seinem aktuellen Kundenbericht.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_vendor">
-<title>Vendor Report</title>
+<title>Lieferantenbericht</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
@@ -1026,7 +1027,7 @@ an empty report will be generated.</para>
Assets/Liability accounts (representing day-to-day activity e.g. receiving
salary, paying utility bill), or transfers between assets and liability
accounts (representing movements between loans and assets, e.g. paying
- credit card bill, receiving a loan).</para>
+ credit card bill, receiving a loan).</para>
<para>The following use cases will be illustrated, and the options to be
selected explained:</para>
<sect3>
commit 1056d6fc87597982152457e5638f4dc990f7b9c2
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Wed Jan 20 11:13:00 2021 +0100
Removed more whitespaces
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index d4c719e..8f1bb98 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
<listitem><para>Ändern Sie die Einstellungen des Reports, bis er das
enthält, was benötigt wird.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Gehen Sie zur Registerkarte <emphasis>Allgemein</emphasis>
- der Berichtsoptionen und ändern Sie den Berichtsnamen in einen
+ der Berichtsoptionen und ändern Sie den Berichtsnamen in einen
aussagekräftigen Wert (nicht zu verwechseln mit dem Berichtstitel).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Übernehmen Sie die Änderungen und schließen Sie den Dialog.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ der einzelnen Wertpapiere.</para>
be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
</para>
- </sect4>
+ </sect4>
ToDo: Is it relevant anymore Mechtilde 2021-01-19-->
</sect3>
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ der einzelnen Wertpapiere.</para>
<!--<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
<title>Durchschnittlicher Kontostand</title>
-<para>Der Bericht "Durchschnittlicher Kontostand" zeigt monatliche
+<para>Der Bericht "Durchschnittlicher Kontostand" zeigt monatliche
Durchschnittswerte für den aktuellen Abrechnungszeitraum an.</para>
</sect3> -->
@@ -268,103 +268,103 @@ beschränkten Bericht benötigen, sollten Sie den Buchungsbericht oder
<sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
<title>Journal</title>
-<para>Das Journal liefert Informationen über alle Buchungen für eine
-ausgewählte Gruppe von Konten. Bei der ersten Ausführung lädt dieser
-Bericht keine Daten, und die Berichtsoptionen müssen geändert werden,
+<para>Das Journal liefert Informationen über alle Buchungen für eine
+ausgewählte Gruppe von Konten. Bei der ersten Ausführung lädt dieser
+Bericht keine Daten, und die Berichtsoptionen müssen geändert werden,
um Informationen aus der Datei abzurufen.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_investport">
<title>Anlageportfolio</title>
-<para>Das Anlageportfolio erstellt einen Bericht über Wertpapierkonten
-(d. h. Konten mit dem Typ "Aktie" oder "Investmentfonds"), der
-Informationen über Bestände, Preise und Werte der Wertpapiere in der
+<para>Das Anlageportfolio erstellt einen Bericht über Wertpapierkonten
+(d. h. Konten mit dem Typ "Aktie" oder "Investmentfonds"), der
+Informationen über Bestände, Preise und Werte der Wertpapiere in der
Datei enthält..</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
<title>Verbindlichkeit-Balkendiagramm</title>
-<para>Das Verbindlichkeit-Balkendiagramm stellt den Wert der
-Verbindlichkeiten auf monatlicher Basis in Balkendarstellung dar.
-Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht die acht größten Konten an, denen
-bestimmte Vermögensarten zugeordnet sind, und er zeigt Balken für die
+<para>Das Verbindlichkeit-Balkendiagramm stellt den Wert der
+Verbindlichkeiten auf monatlicher Basis in Balkendarstellung dar.
+Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht die acht größten Konten an, denen
+bestimmte Vermögensarten zugeordnet sind, und er zeigt Balken für die
aktuelle Finanzperiode an.</para>
-<para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+<para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
-"Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
-Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+"Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
+Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
-"Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
-Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
-ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+"Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
+Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
+ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer Form unterhalb des Diagramms.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
-"Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+"Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
enthaltenen Wertpapiere erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
<title>Verbindlichkeit - Tortendiagramm</title>
-<para>Das Tortendiagramm "Verbindlichkeiten" stellt den Wert der
-Verbindlichkeiten auf monatlicher Basis in Tortendiagrammform dar.
-Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen
-bestimmte Aktiva-Typen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge
+<para>Das Tortendiagramm "Verbindlichkeiten" stellt den Wert der
+Verbindlichkeiten auf monatlicher Basis in Tortendiagrammform dar.
+Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen
+bestimmte Aktiva-Typen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge
nach dem Wert zum Ende der aktuellen Buchhaltungsperiode.</para>
-<para>Mehrere Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+<para>Mehrere Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option "Konten
-anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert. Ändern
-diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der Kontostruktur zu
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option "Konten
+anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert. Ändern
+diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der Kontostruktur zu
sehen.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
-"Maximale Schnitte" mehr Schnitte im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+"Maximale Schnitte" mehr Schnitte im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
-"Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+"Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
enthaltenen Waren erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
<title>Reinvermögen Balkendiagramm</title>
-<para>Das Reinvermögen Balkendiagramm fasst Aktivakonten,
-Verbindlichkeitskonten und das gesamte Reinvermögensbestand als Balken
-in einem Diagramm auf monatlicher Basis für die aktuelle Finanzperiode
-zusammen. Dieser Bericht bietet einen grafischen Überblick über die Datei
+<para>Das Reinvermögen Balkendiagramm fasst Aktivakonten,
+Verbindlichkeitskonten und das gesamte Reinvermögensbestand als Balken
+in einem Diagramm auf monatlicher Basis für die aktuelle Finanzperiode
+zusammen. Dieser Bericht bietet einen grafischen Überblick über die Datei
im Zeitverlauf.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
<title>Reinvermögen-Liniendiagramm</title>
-<para>Das Nettowert-Liniendiagramm fasst Aktiva- und Verbindlichkeitskonten
-sowie den gesamten Nettowert als Liniendiagramm auf monatlicher Basis für
-die aktuelle Finanzperiode zusammen. Dieser Bericht bietet einen
+<para>Das Nettowert-Liniendiagramm fasst Aktiva- und Verbindlichkeitskonten
+sowie den gesamten Nettowert als Liniendiagramm auf monatlicher Basis für
+die aktuelle Finanzperiode zusammen. Dieser Bericht bietet einen
grafischen Überblick über die Datei im Zeitverlauf.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
<title>Kursdiagramm</title>
-<para>Das Kursdiagramm zeigt den Wert eines Wertpapieres im Verhältnis
-zu einem anderen Wertpapier an, zum Beispiel den Wert einer Aktie im
-Verhältnis zu einer Währung. Bei der ersten Ausführung lädt dieser Bericht
-keine Daten, und die Berichtsoptionen müssen geändert werden, um
-Informationen aus der Datei abzurufen. Insbesondere muss die Einstellung
-"Preis der Devise/Wertpapier" auf der Registerkarte "Kurs" an ein
+<para>Das Kursdiagramm zeigt den Wert eines Wertpapieres im Verhältnis
+zu einem anderen Wertpapier an, zum Beispiel den Wert einer Aktie im
+Verhältnis zu einer Währung. Bei der ersten Ausführung lädt dieser Bericht
+keine Daten, und die Berichtsoptionen müssen geändert werden, um
+Informationen aus der Datei abzurufen. Insbesondere muss die Einstellung
+"Preis der Devise/Wertpapier" auf der Registerkarte "Kurs" an ein
bestimmtes Wertpapier gehängt werden.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
<title>Gruppe Budget</title>
-<para>Mit Budget-Berichten in &app; können Sie zusammenfassende Informationen
-zu den von Ihnen erstellten Budgets sammeln. Damit diese Berichte funktionieren,
-müssen Sie zuerst ein Budget erstellen. Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe basieren
-speziell auf Budgetinformationen. Um diese Berichte zu verwenden, müssen
+<para>Mit Budget-Berichten in &app; können Sie zusammenfassende Informationen
+zu den von Ihnen erstellten Budgets sammeln. Damit diese Berichte funktionieren,
+müssen Sie zuerst ein Budget erstellen. Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe basieren
+speziell auf Budgetinformationen. Um diese Berichte zu verwenden, müssen
Sie ein Budget in Ihrer Datei gespeichert haben.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ Sie ein Budget in Ihrer Datei gespeichert haben.</para>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
<title>Gruppe Geschäft</title>
-<para>Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern allgemeine Informationen über
+<para>Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern allgemeine Informationen über
Aktivitäten im Zusammenhang mit einem Unternehmen.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_customer">
commit 739721b3f42ee4e4b5ef825f1c622b891d97b51d
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Tue Jan 19 16:59:59 2021 +0100
Comments from fell implemented
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index b7e8f11..d4c719e 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -17,156 +17,156 @@
-->
<chapter id="ch_reports">
<title>Berichte</title>
- <para>&app; ist ein leistungsstarkes Softwarepaket für die doppelte
- Buchführung, mit dem Benutzer ihr Geld zuverlässig eingeben und verfolgen
- können. Die Eingabe dieser Informationen in &app; ist jedoch nur ein Teil
- des Prozesses. Um wirklich hilfreich zu sein, müssen Sie in der Lage sein,
- diese Informationen auf sinnvolle Weise zu extrahieren. &app;'s
+ <para>&app; ist ein leistungsstarkes Softwarepaket für die doppelte
+ Buchführung, mit dem Benutzer ihr Geld zuverlässig erfassen und verfolgen
+ können. Die Eingabe dieser Informationen in &app; ist jedoch nur ein Teil
+ des Prozesses. Um wirklich hilfreich zu sein, müssen Sie in der Lage sein,
+ diese Informationen auf sinnvolle Weise zu extrahieren. &app;'s
Berichtsfunktionen ermöglichen Ihnen genau das.</para>
- <para>Mit den Berichtsfunktionen von &app; können Sie nahezu jede Gruppe
- von Transaktionen in einer Vielzahl von Formaten anzeigen. Das macht es
- einfach, Fragen zu Ihren Finanzen zu beantworten, wie z. B. "Wie viel
- habe ich letzten Monat für Lebensmittel ausgegeben?" oder "Wie viel habe
- ich in den letzten sechs Monaten verdient?"</para>
- <para>&app; enthält eine Reihe gängiger Berichtstypen, die an Ihre
- speziellen Bedürfnisse angepasst werden können. Wenn diese allgemeinen
- Berichte nicht ausreichen, ist es möglich, Ihre eigenen benutzerdefinierten
- Berichte zu ändern oder sogar zu schreiben (obwohl dies für Anfänger
+ <para>Mit den Berichtsfunktionen von &app; können Sie nahezu jede Gruppe
+ von Transaktionen in einer Vielzahl von Formaten anzeigen. Das macht es
+ einfach, Fragen zu Ihren Finanzen zu beantworten, wie z. B. <quote>Wie viel
+ habe ich letzten Monat für Lebensmittel ausgegeben?</quote> oder
+ <quote>Wie viel habe ich in den letzten sechs Monaten verdient?</quote></para>
+ <para>&app; enthält eine Reihe gängiger Berichtstypen, die an Ihre
+ speziellen Bedürfnisse angepasst werden können. Wenn diese allgemeinen
+ Berichte nicht ausreichen, ist es möglich, Ihre eigenen benutzerdefinierten
+ Berichte zu ändern oder sogar zu schreiben (obwohl dies für Anfänger
nicht empfohlen wird).</para>
<sect1 id="rpt_concepts">
<title>Ãœbersicht</title>
- <para>Es gibt viele vorgefertigte Standardberichte in &app;, die alle
- über das Ausklapp-Menü <guimenu>Berichte</guimenu> im Hauptfenster des
+ <para>Es gibt viele vorgefertigte Standardberichte in &app;, die alle
+ über das Menü <guimenu>Berichte</guimenu> im Hauptfenster des
Kontos verfügbar sind.</para>
- <para>Wenn Sie einen Bericht aus der Liste der Berichte auswählen, wird
- dieser Bericht zunächst mit seinen Standardeinstellungen ausgeführt.
- Nachdem Sie den Bericht geöffnet haben, können Sie seine Parameter ändern,
- indem Sie auf die Schaltfläche Optionen in der Symbolleiste klicken. Unter
- Optionen sehen Sie die verschiedenen Einstellungen, die Sie für jeden
- Bericht ändern können. Beachten Sie, dass die Optionen für verschiedene
+ <para>Wenn Sie einen Bericht aus der Liste der Berichte auswählen, wird
+ dieser Bericht zunächst mit seinen Standardeinstellungen ausgeführt.
+ Nachdem Sie den Bericht geöffnet haben, können Sie seine Parameter ändern,
+ indem Sie auf die Schaltfläche Optionen in der Symbolleiste klicken. Unter
+ Optionen sehen Sie die verschiedenen Einstellungen, die Sie für jeden
+ Bericht ändern können. Beachten Sie, dass die Optionen für verschiedene
Berichte unterschiedlich sein werden.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="rpt_savedconfigsinfo">
<title>Konzepte der gespeicherten Berichtskonfigurationen</title>
- <para>Wenn Sie einen Bericht an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst haben,
- möchten Sie diesen Bericht vielleicht speichern, um ihn später wieder
- zu verwenden. &app; ermöglicht das Speichern von benutzerdefinierten
+ <para>Wenn Sie einen Bericht an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst haben,
+ möchten Sie diesen Bericht vielleicht speichern, um ihn später wieder
+ zu verwenden. &app; ermöglicht das Speichern von benutzerdefinierten
Berichten mit dem Befehl Berichtskonfiguration speichern.</para>
<para>Eine Berichtskonfiguration speichern:</para>
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Gehen Sie zum Menü Berichte und wählen Sie den gewünschten
+ <listitem><para>Gehen Sie zum Menü Berichte und wählen Sie den gewünschten
Bericht.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Ändern Sie die Einstellungen des Reports, bis er das enthält,
- was benötigt wird.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Gehen Sie zur Registerkarte "Allgemein" der Berichtsoptionen
- und ändern Sie den Berichtsnamen in einen aussagekräftigen Wert (nicht
- zu verwechseln mit dem Berichtstitel).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ändern Sie die Einstellungen des Reports, bis er das
+ enthält, was benötigt wird.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Gehen Sie zur Registerkarte <emphasis>Allgemein</emphasis>
+ der Berichtsoptionen und ändern Sie den Berichtsnamen in einen
+ aussagekräftigen Wert (nicht zu verwechseln mit dem Berichtstitel).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Übernehmen Sie die Änderungen und schließen Sie den Dialog.</para>
</listitem>
- <listitem><para>Klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche Reportkonfiguration speichern
- oder Reportkonfiguration speichern unter...</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche Reportkonfiguration speichern
+ oder Reportkonfiguration speichern unter…</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>Dadurch werden die Berichtsoptionen in einer Datei in Ihrem
- Benutzer-Verzeichnis gespeichert..</para>
- <para>Wenn Sie zum ersten Mal einen Report unter einem Namen speichern,
- der noch nicht gespeichert wurde, können Sie entweder die Schaltfläche
- Reportkonfiguration speichern oder die Schaltfläche Reportkonfiguration
- speichern unter... verwenden. Sie können den Namen des Reportes vor dem
+ <para>Dadurch werden die Berichtsoptionen in einer Datei in Ihrem
+ Benutzer-Verzeichnis gespeichert.</para>
+ <para>Wenn Sie zum ersten Mal einen Report unter einem Namen speichern,
+ der noch nicht gespeichert wurde, können Sie entweder die Schaltfläche
+ Reportkonfiguration speichern oder die Schaltfläche Reportkonfiguration
+ speichern unter… verwenden. Sie können den Namen des Reportes vor dem
Speichern ändern.</para>
- <para>Sobald ein Bericht mit dem aktuellen Namen gespeichert wurde, wird
- die Schaltfläche Berichtskonfiguration speichern sofort die gespeicherte
- Berichtskonfiguration aktualisieren. Verwenden Sie die Schaltfläche
- Reportkonfiguration speichern unter, um die aktuelle Reportkonfiguration
+ <para>Sobald ein Bericht mit dem aktuellen Namen gespeichert wurde, wird
+ die Schaltfläche Berichtskonfiguration speichern sofort die gespeicherte
+ Berichtskonfiguration aktualisieren. Verwenden Sie die Schaltfläche
+ Reportkonfiguration speichern unter, um die aktuelle Reportkonfiguration
unter einem neuen Namen zu speichern.</para>
- <para>Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen sind unter dem Eintrag
+ <para>Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen sind unter dem Eintrag
Berichte->Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen zur Verwendung verfügbar.
- Sie sind auch für die Verwendung in mehrspaltigen Berichten verfügbar.</para>
- <para>Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen können im Dialogfeld gespeicherte
- Berichtskonfigurationen durch Klicken auf das Mülleimer-Symbol
+ Sie sind auch für die Verwendung in mehrspaltigen Berichten verfügbar.</para>
+ <para>Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen können im Dialogfeld gespeicherte
+ Berichtskonfigurationen durch Klicken auf das Mülleimer-Symbol
gelöscht werden.</para>
- <para>Um gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen zu bearbeiten, öffnen
- Sie den Bericht über Berichte->Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen,
+ <para>Um gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen zu bearbeiten, öffnen
+ Sie den Bericht über Berichte->Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen,
bearbeiten und übernehmen die neuen Optionen und klicken auf
Berichtskonfiguration speichern.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="rpt_standardrpts">
<title>Ãœbersicht der Standardberichte</title>
- <para>Die Standardberichte, die in &app; enthalten sind, werden in
- diesem Kapitel vorgestellt. Für jeden Bericht wird eine kurze Beschreibung
+ <para>Die Standardberichte, die in &app; enthalten sind, werden in
+ diesem Kapitel vorgestellt. Für jeden Bericht wird eine kurze Beschreibung
gegeben, die erklärt, was der Bericht zeigen soll und was sein Hauptzweck ist.
- Wir beginnen mit einer Beschreibung des Transaktionsberichts, der ein
- Allzweckbericht mit vielen Funktionen und Einstellungen ist, die eine
+ Wir beginnen mit einer Beschreibung des Transaktionsberichts, der ein
+ Allzweckbericht mit vielen Funktionen und Einstellungen ist, die eine
anspruchsvolle Untersuchung der Daten in einer Datei ermöglichen.
</para>
<sect2 id="rpt_txnrept">
<title>Buchungsbericht</title>
- <para>Der Buchungsbericht ist ein grundlegender Bericht, mit dem
- Benutzer eine Vielzahl nützlicher Informationen aus den Finanzunterlagen
- abrufen können. Der Bericht enthält viele Funktionen, die eine
- leistungsstarke und flexible Berichterstellung aus dem einzelnen
+ <para>Der Buchungsbericht ist ein grundlegender Bericht, mit dem
+ Benutzer eine Vielzahl nützlicher Informationen aus den Finanzunterlagen
+ abrufen können. Der Bericht enthält viele Funktionen, die eine
+ leistungsstarke und flexible Berichterstellung aus dem einzelnen
Basisbericht ermöglichen..</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>Zwischensummen der Forderungen und Verbindlichkeiten können
- angezeigt werden, und innerhalb eines Gruppierungsabschnitts wird,
- wenn die Summe der Forderungen größer als die Summe der
- Verbindlichkeiten ist, die Zwischensumme der Gruppe in der
+ <para>Zwischensummen der Forderungen und Verbindlichkeiten können
+ angezeigt werden, und innerhalb eines Gruppierungsabschnitts wird,
+ wenn die Summe der Forderungen größer als die Summe der
+ Verbindlichkeiten ist, die Zwischensumme der Gruppe in der
Spalte der Forderungen angezeigt.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Mehrere Datenspalten ermöglichen die Anzeige von
- Buchungsbeträgen in Berichtswährung und Originalwährung in
+ <para>Mehrere Datenspalten ermöglichen die Anzeige von
+ Buchungsbeträgen in Berichtswährung und Originalwährung in
separaten Spalten.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Zusätzliche Sortierschlüssel, z.B. Sortierung nach
- Abgleichstatus (unabgestimmt -> abgeglichen -> abgestimmt),
- Sortierung nach Wochen, erlauben zusätzliche Einblicke in die
+ <para>Zusätzliche Sortierschlüssel, z.B. Sortierung nach
+ Abgleichstatus (unabgestimmt -> abgeglichen -> abgestimmt),
+ Sortierung nach Wochen, erlauben zusätzliche Einblicke in die
Finanzdaten.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Volltextfilter für Beschreibung, Notizen und Memo sowie
- für Kontovollnamen aktiviert. Dies ermöglicht eine einfachere
- Auswahl von Quellkontonamen und maßgeschneiderte Berichte. Filter
+ <para>Volltextfilter für Beschreibung, Notizen und Memo sowie
+ für Kontovollnamen aktiviert. Dies ermöglicht eine einfachere
+ Auswahl von Quellkontonamen und maßgeschneiderte Berichte. Filter
können optional vollständige reguläre POSIX-Ausdrücke verwenden.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Die Einrückung von Spalten bewirkt eine Einrückung der
- Berichtsspalten zum besseren Verständnis der Gruppierung und
- Sortierung. (Dies ist jetzt standardmäßig für Gnucash 3.0 und
+ <para>Die Einrückung von Spalten bewirkt eine Einrückung der
+ Berichtsspalten zum besseren Verständnis der Gruppierung und
+ Sortierung. (Dies ist jetzt standardmäßig für Gnucash 3.0 und
höher aktiviert)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Die Tabelle der Zwischensummen ist nützlich, um die
- Beziehung in den Daten zu verstehen. Diese Funktion fasst die
- primären und sekundären Zwischensummen in einer Tabellenansicht
- zusammen und ermöglicht so zusätzliche Einblicke in Finanzdatensätze,
+ <para>Die Tabelle der Zwischensummen ist nützlich, um die
+ Beziehung in den Daten zu verstehen. Diese Funktion fasst die
+ primären und sekundären Zwischensummen in einer Tabellenansicht
+ zusammen und ermöglicht so zusätzliche Einblicke in Finanzdatensätze,
z. B. Kontozwischensummen in verschiedenen Zeitreihen.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>Weitere Ideen, wie Sie mit dem Buchungsbericht allgemeine
- Berichte erstellen können, finden Sie unter
+ <para>Weitere Ideen, wie Sie mit dem Buchungsbericht allgemeine
+ Berichte erstellen können, finden Sie unter
<link linkend='rpt_transaction'>Using the
Transaction Report</link>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
<title>Gruppe der Aktiva & Passiva</title>
-<para>Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern allgemeine Informationen über
+<para>Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern allgemeine Informationen über
Vermögenswerte und Verbindlichkeiten.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_advport">
<title>Erweitertes Portfolio</title>
-<para>Das erweiterte Portfolio erstellt einen Bericht über Wertpapierkonten
-(Konten vom Typ Aktien und Investmentfonds) unter Verwendung von
-Preisinformationen, die in der &app; Preisdatenbank und in den &app;
-Buchungsdaten gespeichert sind. Wenn Sie keine Aktienkursinformationen
-in Ihrer Datei haben, wird der Bericht einen Fehler anzeigen. Dieser
-Bericht enthält erweiterte Informationen über Wertpapierbestände,
-einschließlich Informationen über die Basis, den Gewinn und die Rendite
+<para>Das erweiterte Portfolio erstellt einen Bericht über Wertpapierkonten
+(Konten vom Typ Aktien und Investmentfonds) unter Verwendung von
+Preisinformationen, die in der &app; Preisdatenbank und in den &app;
+Buchungsdaten gespeichert sind. Wenn Sie keine Aktienkursinformationen
+in Ihrer Datei haben, wird der Bericht einen Fehler anzeigen. Dieser
+Bericht enthält erweiterte Informationen über Wertpapierbestände,
+einschließlich Informationen über die Basis, den Gewinn und die Rendite
der einzelnen Wertpapiere.</para>
<!-- <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
@@ -191,47 +191,47 @@ der einzelnen Wertpapiere.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
<title>Aktiva-Diagramm</title>
- <para>Das Aktiva-Diagramm stellt den Wert der Vermögenswerte auf
- monatlicher Basis in Barchart-Form dar. Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht
- die acht größten Konten an, denen bestimmte Vermögensarten zugeordnet
+ <para>Das Aktiva-Diagramm stellt den Wert der Vermögenswerte auf
+ monatlicher Basis in Barchart-Form dar. Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht
+ die acht größten Konten an, denen bestimmte Vermögensarten zugeordnet
sind, und er zeigt Balken für die aktuelle Finanzperiode an.</para>
- <para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die
+ <para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die
enthaltenen Informationen stark beeinflussen..</para>
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
- "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
- Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+ "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
+ Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
- "Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
- Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
- ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+ "Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
+ Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
+ ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer Form unterhalb des Diagramms.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
- "Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+ "Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
enthaltenen Vermögenswerte erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
<title>Aktiva Tortendiagramm</title>
- <para>Das Vermögenswertdiagramm stellt den Wert der Vermögenswerte auf
- monatlicher Basis in Form eines Tortendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig
- zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen bestimmte
- Aktiva-Typen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge nach dem Wert
+ <para>Das Vermögenswertdiagramm stellt den Wert der Vermögenswerte auf
+ monatlicher Basis in Form eines Tortendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig
+ zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen bestimmte
+ Aktiva-Typen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge nach dem Wert
zum Ende der aktuellen Buchhaltungsperiode.</para>
- <para>Mehrere Einstellmöglichkeiten in diesem Bericht können die
+ <para>Mehrere Einstellmöglichkeiten in diesem Bericht können die
enthaltenen Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
- "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen
- aggregiert. Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+ "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen
+ aggregiert. Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen
Ebenen der Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
- "Maximale Segmente" mehr Segmente im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+ "Maximale Segmente" mehr Segmente im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
- "Preisquelle" einen erheblichen den berichteten Wert verschiedener im
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+ "Preisquelle" einen erheblichen den berichteten Wert verschiedener im
Bericht enthaltener Vermögenswerte erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
@@ -244,24 +244,24 @@ Durchschnittswerte für den aktuellen Abrechnungszeitraum an.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
<title>Bilanz</title>
-<para>Die Bilanz listet die Salden der Aktiv-, Passiv- und
-Eigenkapitalkonten für alle diese Konten auf und liefert Summen zu einem
-bestimmten Datum. Bilanzen werden in der Regel für den letzten Tag eines
-Geschäftsjahres erstellt, um einen Gesamteindruck von der finanziellen
+<para>Die Bilanz listet die Salden der Aktiv-, Passiv- und
+Eigenkapitalkonten für alle diese Konten auf und liefert Summen zu einem
+bestimmten Datum. Bilanzen werden in der Regel für den letzten Tag eines
+Geschäftsjahres erstellt, um einen Gesamteindruck von der finanziellen
Lage des Unternehmens zu vermitteln.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
<title>Hauptbuch Journal</title>
-<para>Das Haupt-Journal erstellt ein Register aller Buchungen (vom Anfang
-bis zum Ende), geordnet nach Datum, mit Angabe der Konten und der
-beteiligten Beträge, und summiert die Nettoveränderung nach allen
+<para>Das Haupt-Journal erstellt ein Register aller Buchungen (vom Anfang
+bis zum Ende), geordnet nach Datum, mit Angabe der Konten und der
+beteiligten Beträge, und summiert die Nettoveränderung nach allen
Währungen und Vermögenswerten.</para>
-<para>Dieser Bericht ist nicht nach Datum oder Konto anpassbar, obwohl
-Sie mehr oder weniger Details über die einzelnen Buchungen einbeziehen
-können, und ob Sie laufende Salden und Summen für die Gutschriften und
-Belastungen einbeziehen wollen. Wenn Sie einen auf bestimmte Konten
-beschränkten Bericht benötigen, sollten Sie den Buchungsbericht oder
+<para>Dieser Bericht ist nicht nach Datum oder Konto anpassbar, obwohl
+Sie mehr oder weniger Details über die einzelnen Buchungen einbeziehen
+können, und ob Sie laufende Salden und Summen für die Gutschriften und
+Belastungen einbeziehen wollen. Wenn Sie einen auf bestimmte Konten
+beschränkten Bericht benötigen, sollten Sie den Buchungsbericht oder
öffnen Sie ein bestimmtes Konto und wählen Sie den Kontenbuchungsbericht.
</para>
</sect3>
commit e218580cb428d2a56134113b303cb7610b75c3c9
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Tue Jan 19 15:10:35 2021 +0100
Added Translation for business reports
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index 65318bb..b7e8f11 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -360,20 +360,20 @@ bestimmtes Wertpapier gehängt werden.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
-<title>Budget Group</title>
-<para> Budget reports in &app; allow you to gather
-summary information related to budgets you may have created. In order for
-these reports to work, you must first create a budget. The reports in this
-group are specifically based on budget information. To use these reports, you
-need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
+<title>Gruppe Budget</title>
+<para>Mit Budget-Berichten in &app; können Sie zusammenfassende Informationen
+zu den von Ihnen erstellten Budgets sammeln. Damit diese Berichte funktionieren,
+müssen Sie zuerst ein Budget erstellen. Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe basieren
+speziell auf Budgetinformationen. Um diese Berichte zu verwenden, müssen
+Sie ein Budget in Ihrer Datei gespeichert haben.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
-<title>Budget Balance Sheet</title>
+<title>Budget Bilanz</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_budbarchart">
-<title>Budget Barchart</title>
+<title>Budget Diagramm</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
@@ -383,63 +383,75 @@ need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_budincstate">
-<title>Budget Income Statement</title>
+<title>Budget Einnahmeüberschussrechnung</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_budprofloss">
-<title>Budget Profit & Loss</title>
+<title>Budget Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_budreport">
-<title>Budget Report</title>
+<title>Budget Bericht</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
-<title>Business Group</title>
-<para>Reports in this group provide general information about activities related
-to a business.</para>
+<title>Gruppe Geschäft</title>
+<para>Die Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern allgemeine Informationen über
+Aktivitäten im Zusammenhang mit einem Unternehmen.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_customer">
-<title>Customer Report</title>
+<title>Kundenbericht</title>
<para></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
-<title>Customer Summary</title>
-<para>Customer Summary is a customer profit report that can help with job analysis by
-comparing the income and expenses for a specific customer.</para>
-<para>All invoices have an Owner in &app;, so invoices that are
-made will show a customer and show in the report. When creating a Bill, the Default
-Chargeback Customer is blank. To use the profit report, this field needs an entry,
-since this is the tag that decides the line to which
-to attach the expense. Left blank, the bill will be assigned to "No Customer."
-Similarly, when income is entered directly in a register rather than creating an
-invoice, it will also be assigned to "No Customer."</para>
-<para>Thus, if this report includes an entry for "No Customer", this means that the report
-may be inaccurate, as the results are not all properly labeled.</para>
-<para>Possible use scenarios include:</para>
+<title>Kundenübersicht</title>
+<para>Die Kundenübersicht ist ein Kundengewinnbericht, der bei der
+Auftragsanalyse helfen kann, indem er die Einnahmen und Ausgaben für
+einen bestimmten Kunden vergleicht.</para>
+<para>Zu allen Rechnungen gehört ein Besitzer in &app;, so dass
+Rechnungen, die erstellt werden, einen Kunden aufweisen und im Bericht
+angezeigt werden. Beim Erstellen einer Rechnung ist das Feld
+"Default Chargeback Customer" leer. Um den Gewinnbericht zu verwenden,
+benötigt dieses Feld einen Eintrag, da dies das Tag ist, das entscheidet,
+an welche Zeile der Aufwand angehängt wird. Bleibt es leer, wird die
+Rechnung "Kein Kunde" zugewiesen. Ähnlich verhält es sich, wenn Einnahmen
+direkt in ein Register eingegeben werden, anstatt eine Rechnung zu
+erstellen, werden sie ebenfalls "Kein Kunde" zugewiesen.
+</para>
+<para>Wenn dieser Bericht also einen Eintrag für "Kein Kunde" enthält,
+bedeutet dies, dass der Bericht möglicherweise ungenau ist, da die
+Ergebnisse nicht alle richtig beschriftet sind.</para>
+<para>Mögliche Einsatzszenarien sind:</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>Tracking retail sales from different cities</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Tracking rental properties</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Tracking types of business</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>Tracking commission sales</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Einzelhandelsumsätzen aus verschiedenen
+Städten</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Mietobjekten</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Geschäftsarten</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Verfolgung von Provisionsverkäufen</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-<para>Each of these scenarios assumes that the account structure includes breakdowns
-for individual tracked categories. Changing settings on the Income and Expense
-tabs under Options can hone the information displayed. By default all income and
-expense accounts are included; however, since &app; can't really predict
-the names and classification of income and expense accounts, it must group them all
-into the "No Customer" entry.</para>
-<para>Note that inventory-based businesses won't benefit from this report because of its nature.</para>
-<para>Useful options:</para>
+<para>Jedes dieser Szenarien setzt voraus, dass die Kontenstruktur
+Aufschlüsselungen für einzelne verfolgte Kategorien enthält. Durch Ändern
+der Einstellungen auf den Registerkarten "Einnahmen" und "Ausgaben" unter
+"Optionen" können die angezeigten Informationen verfeinert werden.
+Standardmäßig sind alle Einnahmen- und Aufwandskonten enthalten; da &app;
+jedoch die Namen und die Klassifizierung der Einnahmen- und Aufwandskonten
+nicht wirklich vorhersagen kann, muss es sie alle in den Eintrag "Kein Kunde"
+gruppieren.</para>
+<para>Beachten Sie, dass bestandsorientierte Unternehmen aufgrund der Art
+dieses Berichts nicht davon profitieren werden.</para>
+<para>Sinnvolle Optionen:</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>The Expense Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more expense accounts.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>The Income Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more income accounts.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>The Display tab allows sorting by name, profit percentage, or amount of profit.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte "Aufwandskonten" ermöglicht die Auswahl
+von einem oder mehreren Aufwandskonten.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte Ertragskonten ermöglicht die Auswahl
+eines oder mehrerer Ertragskonten.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Die Registerkarte "Anzeige" ermöglicht die Sortierung
+nach Name, Gewinnprozentsatz oder Höhe des Gewinns.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
commit 53da836ddf72387245015ff588bab87e9304b3fe
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Tue Jan 19 12:52:17 2021 +0100
Part AssetsAnd Liabilities are translated
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index c17cc86..65318bb 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -190,142 +190,172 @@ der einzelnen Wertpapiere.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
-<title>Asset Barchart</title>
-<para>The Asset Barchart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
-barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
-have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
-the current financial period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
-the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
-the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
-form below the chart.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
-</itemizedlist>
+ <title>Aktiva-Diagramm</title>
+ <para>Das Aktiva-Diagramm stellt den Wert der Vermögenswerte auf
+ monatlicher Basis in Barchart-Form dar. Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht
+ die acht größten Konten an, denen bestimmte Vermögensarten zugeordnet
+ sind, und er zeigt Balken für die aktuelle Finanzperiode an.</para>
+ <para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die
+ enthaltenen Informationen stark beeinflussen..</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+ "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
+ Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+ Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+ "Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
+ Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
+ ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
+ Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer Form unterhalb des Diagramms.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+ "Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+ enthaltenen Vermögenswerte erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
-<title>Asset Piechart</title>
-<para>The Asset Piechart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
-piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
-have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
-value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
-<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
-slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ <title>Aktiva Tortendiagramm</title>
+ <para>Das Vermögenswertdiagramm stellt den Wert der Vermögenswerte auf
+ monatlicher Basis in Form eines Tortendiagramms dar. Standardmäßig
+ zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen bestimmte
+ Aktiva-Typen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge nach dem Wert
+ zum Ende der aktuellen Buchhaltungsperiode.</para>
+ <para>Mehrere Einstellmöglichkeiten in diesem Bericht können die
+ enthaltenen Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+ "Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen
+ aggregiert. Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen
+ Ebenen der Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+ "Maximale Segmente" mehr Segmente im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
+ Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+ "Preisquelle" einen erheblichen den berichteten Wert verschiedener im
+ Bericht enthaltener Vermögenswerte erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
-<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
-<title>Average Balance</title>
-<para>The Average Balance report displays monthly averages for the current accounting period.</para>
-</sect3>
+<!--<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
+<title>Durchschnittlicher Kontostand</title>
+<para>Der Bericht "Durchschnittlicher Kontostand" zeigt monatliche
+Durchschnittswerte für den aktuellen Abrechnungszeitraum an.</para>
+</sect3> -->
<sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
-<title>Balance Sheet</title>
-<para>The Balance Sheet lists Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances
-for all such accounts, and provides totals as of a given date. Balance sheets
-are commonly run for the last day of each fiscal year to give an overall sense
-of the financial condition of the entity.</para>
+<title>Bilanz</title>
+<para>Die Bilanz listet die Salden der Aktiv-, Passiv- und
+Eigenkapitalkonten für alle diese Konten auf und liefert Summen zu einem
+bestimmten Datum. Bilanzen werden in der Regel für den letzten Tag eines
+Geschäftsjahres erstellt, um einen Gesamteindruck von der finanziellen
+Lage des Unternehmens zu vermitteln.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
-<title>General Journal</title>
-<para>The General Journal produces a register of all transactions (beginning
-to end) in order by date, showing the accounts and the amounts involved, and
-totals the Net Change by all currencies and assets.</para>
-<para>This report is not customizable by date or account, though you can
-include more or fewer details about the individual transactions, and whether
-to include running balances and totals for the credits and debits. If you
-need a report restricted to particular accounts, consider the Transaction
-Report or open a particular account and choose the Account Transaction Report.</para>
+<title>Hauptbuch Journal</title>
+<para>Das Haupt-Journal erstellt ein Register aller Buchungen (vom Anfang
+bis zum Ende), geordnet nach Datum, mit Angabe der Konten und der
+beteiligten Beträge, und summiert die Nettoveränderung nach allen
+Währungen und Vermögenswerten.</para>
+<para>Dieser Bericht ist nicht nach Datum oder Konto anpassbar, obwohl
+Sie mehr oder weniger Details über die einzelnen Buchungen einbeziehen
+können, und ob Sie laufende Salden und Summen für die Gutschriften und
+Belastungen einbeziehen wollen. Wenn Sie einen auf bestimmte Konten
+beschränkten Bericht benötigen, sollten Sie den Buchungsbericht oder
+öffnen Sie ein bestimmtes Konto und wählen Sie den Kontenbuchungsbericht.
+</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
-<title>General Ledger</title>
-<para>The General Ledger produces information about all transactions
-for a selected set of accounts. When first run, this report loads no data,
-and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+<title>Journal</title>
+<para>Das Journal liefert Informationen über alle Buchungen für eine
+ausgewählte Gruppe von Konten. Bei der ersten Ausführung lädt dieser
+Bericht keine Daten, und die Berichtsoptionen müssen geändert werden,
+um Informationen aus der Datei abzurufen.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_investport">
-<title>Investment Portfolio</title>
-<para>The Investment Portfolio produces a report of commodity accounts (that
-is, accounts with type "Stock" or "Mutual Fund"), giving holdings, price and
-value information about commodities in the file.</para>
+<title>Anlageportfolio</title>
+<para>Das Anlageportfolio erstellt einen Bericht über Wertpapierkonten
+(d. h. Konten mit dem Typ "Aktie" oder "Investmentfonds"), der
+Informationen über Bestände, Preise und Werte der Wertpapiere in der
+Datei enthält..</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
-<title>Liability Barchart</title>
-<para>The Liability Barchart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
-barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
-have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
-the current financial period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<title>Verbindlichkeit-Balkendiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Verbindlichkeit-Balkendiagramm stellt den Wert der
+Verbindlichkeiten auf monatlicher Basis in Balkendarstellung dar.
+Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht die acht größten Konten an, denen
+bestimmte Vermögensarten zugeordnet sind, und er zeigt Balken für die
+aktuelle Finanzperiode an.</para>
+<para>Verschiedene Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
-the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
-the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
-form below the chart.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option
+"Konten anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert.
+Ändern Sie diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der
+Kontostruktur zu sehen.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+"Maximale Balken" mehr Balken im Diagramm angezeigt, so dass
+Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können. Zusätzlich
+ermöglicht die Option "Tabelle anzeigen" die Anzeige von
+Diagramminformationen in tabellarischer Form unterhalb des Diagramms.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+"Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+enthaltenen Wertpapiere erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
-<title>Liability Piechart</title>
-<para>The Liability Piechart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
-piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
-have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
-value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
-<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<title>Verbindlichkeit - Tortendiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Tortendiagramm "Verbindlichkeiten" stellt den Wert der
+Verbindlichkeiten auf monatlicher Basis in Tortendiagrammform dar.
+Standardmäßig zeigt der Bericht die sieben größten Konten, denen
+bestimmte Aktiva-Typen zugewiesen sind, in absteigender Reihenfolge
+nach dem Wert zum Ende der aktuellen Buchhaltungsperiode.</para>
+<para>Mehrere Einstellungen in diesem Bericht können die enthaltenen
+Informationen stark beeinflussen.</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
-the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
-deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
-slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
-affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Konten" ändert die Option "Konten
+anzeigen bis Ebene", wie der Bericht die Kontensummen aggregiert. Ändern
+diesen Wert, um Informationen auf tieferen Ebenen der Kontostruktur zu
+sehen.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Anzeige" werden mit der Option
+"Maximale Schnitte" mehr Schnitte im Diagramm angezeigt, sodass
+Informationen für mehr Konten angezeigt werden können.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Auf der Registerkarte "Allgemein" kann die Option
+"Preisquelle" den berichteten Wert der verschiedenen im Bericht
+enthaltenen Waren erheblich beeinflussen.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
-<title>Net Worth Barchart</title>
-<para>The Net Worth Barchart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
-overall Net Worth as bars on a graph on a monthly basis for the current
-financial period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+<title>Reinvermögen Balkendiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Reinvermögen Balkendiagramm fasst Aktivakonten,
+Verbindlichkeitskonten und das gesamte Reinvermögensbestand als Balken
+in einem Diagramm auf monatlicher Basis für die aktuelle Finanzperiode
+zusammen. Dieser Bericht bietet einen grafischen Überblick über die Datei
+im Zeitverlauf.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
-<title>Net Worth Linechart</title>
-<para>The Net Worth Linechart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
-overall Net Worth as a line graph on a monthly basis for the current financial
-period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+<title>Reinvermögen-Liniendiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Nettowert-Liniendiagramm fasst Aktiva- und Verbindlichkeitskonten
+sowie den gesamten Nettowert als Liniendiagramm auf monatlicher Basis für
+die aktuelle Finanzperiode zusammen. Dieser Bericht bietet einen
+grafischen Überblick über die Datei im Zeitverlauf.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
-<title>Price Scatterplot</title>
-<para>The Price Scatterplot displays the value of one commodity relative to
-another commodity, for example the value of a stock relative to a currency.
-When first run, this report loads no data, and the report options must be
-changed to retrieve information from the file. Specifically, the "Price of
-Commodity" setting on the Price options tab must be changed to a specific
-commodity.</para>
+<title>Kursdiagramm</title>
+<para>Das Kursdiagramm zeigt den Wert eines Wertpapieres im Verhältnis
+zu einem anderen Wertpapier an, zum Beispiel den Wert einer Aktie im
+Verhältnis zu einer Währung. Bei der ersten Ausführung lädt dieser Bericht
+keine Daten, und die Berichtsoptionen müssen geändert werden, um
+Informationen aus der Datei abzurufen. Insbesondere muss die Einstellung
+"Preis der Devise/Wertpapier" auf der Registerkarte "Kurs" an ein
+bestimmtes Wertpapier gehängt werden.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
commit 01d715f8c177ce5ccca679e5ff3f5fdbbfbe0e42
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Tue Jan 19 08:42:52 2021 +0100
More parts translated
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
index 51f73f0..c17cc86 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
Translators:
- (Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de)
+ (Mechtilde Stehmann <ooo at mechtilde.de)
-->
<chapter id="ch_reports">
<title>Berichte</title>
@@ -104,65 +104,72 @@
<sect2 id="rpt_txnrept">
<title>Buchungsbericht</title>
- <para>The Transaction Report is a fundamental report that allows
- users to retrieve a wide variety of useful information from the
- financial records. The report includes many features that allow
- powerful and flexible reporting from the single basic
- report.</para>
+ <para>Der Buchungsbericht ist ein grundlegender Bericht, mit dem
+ Benutzer eine Vielzahl nützlicher Informationen aus den Finanzunterlagen
+ abrufen können. Der Bericht enthält viele Funktionen, die eine
+ leistungsstarke und flexible Berichterstellung aus dem einzelnen
+ Basisbericht ermöglichen..</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>Debit and Credit subtotals can be displayed, and within
- a grouping section, if debit totals > credit totals, the group
- subtotal will be displayed in the debit column.</para>
+ <para>Zwischensummen der Forderungen und Verbindlichkeiten können
+ angezeigt werden, und innerhalb eines Gruppierungsabschnitts wird,
+ wenn die Summe der Forderungen größer als die Summe der
+ Verbindlichkeiten ist, die Zwischensumme der Gruppe in der
+ Spalte der Forderungen angezeigt.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Multiple data columns enable display of transaction
- amounts in report currency and original currency in separate
- columns.</para>
+ <para>Mehrere Datenspalten ermöglichen die Anzeige von
+ Buchungsbeträgen in Berichtswährung und Originalwährung in
+ separaten Spalten.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Additional sortkeys e.g. sort by reconcile status
- (unreconciled -> cleared -> reconciled), sort by weeks, allow
- additional views into the financial records.</para>
+ <para>Zusätzliche Sortierschlüssel, z.B. Sortierung nach
+ Abgleichstatus (unabgestimmt -> abgeglichen -> abgestimmt),
+ Sortierung nach Wochen, erlauben zusätzliche Einblicke in die
+ Finanzdaten.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Full text filter enabled for description, notes and
- memo, and for account full names. This allows easier selection
- of source account names and tailored reporting. Filters
- can optionally use full POSIX regular expressions.</para>
+ <para>Volltextfilter für Beschreibung, Notizen und Memo sowie
+ für Kontovollnamen aktiviert. Dies ermöglicht eine einfachere
+ Auswahl von Quellkontonamen und maßgeschneiderte Berichte. Filter
+ können optional vollständige reguläre POSIX-Ausdrücke verwenden.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Indenting of columns will indent the report columns for
- easier understanding of grouping and sorting. (This is now
- enabled by default for Gnucash 3.0 onwards)</para>
+ <para>Die Einrückung von Spalten bewirkt eine Einrückung der
+ Berichtsspalten zum besseren Verständnis der Gruppierung und
+ Sortierung. (Dies ist jetzt standardmäßig für Gnucash 3.0 und
+ höher aktiviert)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Subtotal table is useful to understand the relationship
- in the data. This feature compiles the primary and secondary
- subtotals into a table view, allowing additional insight into
- financial records, e.g. account subtotals in different time
- series.</para>
+ <para>Die Tabelle der Zwischensummen ist nützlich, um die
+ Beziehung in den Daten zu verstehen. Diese Funktion fasst die
+ primären und sekundären Zwischensummen in einer Tabellenansicht
+ zusammen und ermöglicht so zusätzliche Einblicke in Finanzdatensätze,
+ z. B. Kontozwischensummen in verschiedenen Zeitreihen.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>For further ideas on how to use the Transaction Report to produce
- common reports, see <link linkend='rpt_transaction'>Using the
+ <para>Weitere Ideen, wie Sie mit dem Buchungsbericht allgemeine
+ Berichte erstellen können, finden Sie unter
+ <link linkend='rpt_transaction'>Using the
Transaction Report</link>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
-<title>Assets & Liabilities Group</title>
-<para>Reports in this group provide general information about assets and liabilities.</para>
+<title>Gruppe der Aktiva & Passiva</title>
+<para>Berichte in dieser Gruppe liefern allgemeine Informationen über
+Vermögenswerte und Verbindlichkeiten.</para>
<sect3 id="rpt_advport">
-<title>Advanced Portfolio</title>
-<para>The Advanced Portfolio produces a report on commodity accounts
-(stock and mutual fund type accounts) using price information stored in the
-&app; price database and within the
-&app; transaction data. If you do not have stock
-price information in your file, the report will indicate an error. This report
-includes extended information about commodity holdings, including information
-about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
+<title>Erweitertes Portfolio</title>
+<para>Das erweiterte Portfolio erstellt einen Bericht über Wertpapierkonten
+(Konten vom Typ Aktien und Investmentfonds) unter Verwendung von
+Preisinformationen, die in der &app; Preisdatenbank und in den &app;
+Buchungsdaten gespeichert sind. Wenn Sie keine Aktienkursinformationen
+in Ihrer Datei haben, wird der Bericht einen Fehler anzeigen. Dieser
+Bericht enthält erweiterte Informationen über Wertpapierbestände,
+einschließlich Informationen über die Basis, den Gewinn und die Rendite
+der einzelnen Wertpapiere.</para>
- <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
+<!-- <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
<title>Advanced Portfolio Capital Gains</title>
<para>
The Advanced Portfolio report doesn’t use the capital gain splits to
@@ -178,7 +185,8 @@ about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
</para>
- </sect4>
+ </sect4>
+ ToDo: Is it relevant anymore Mechtilde 2021-01-19-->
</sect3>
<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
commit 8113792191b3b7f69b4dc8ed81a63ba01190a4c8
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Mon Jan 18 22:38:27 2021 +0100
Activated chapter reports for building
diff --git a/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml
index 1d81b6a..0fcded3 100644
--- a/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
<xi:include href="ch_cc.xml" />
<xi:include href="ch_loans.xml" />
<xi:include href="ch_invest.xml" />
- <!-- xi:include href="ch_reports.xml" /-->
+ <xi:include href="ch_reports.xml" />
<xi:include href="ch_capgain.xml" />
<xi:include href="ch_currency.xml" />
</part>
commit 45dbfcb4ed5d35b498af112abb0cf3143cd881f4
Author: Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de>
Date: Mon Jan 18 22:34:04 2021 +0100
Starting with the first part of the German translation
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_reports.xml b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51f73f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/de/ch_reports.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: January, 2018
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
+ Christopher Lam
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (Mechtilde <ooo at mechtilde.de)
+-->
+ <chapter id="ch_reports">
+ <title>Berichte</title>
+ <para>&app; ist ein leistungsstarkes Softwarepaket für die doppelte
+ Buchführung, mit dem Benutzer ihr Geld zuverlässig eingeben und verfolgen
+ können. Die Eingabe dieser Informationen in &app; ist jedoch nur ein Teil
+ des Prozesses. Um wirklich hilfreich zu sein, müssen Sie in der Lage sein,
+ diese Informationen auf sinnvolle Weise zu extrahieren. &app;'s
+ Berichtsfunktionen ermöglichen Ihnen genau das.</para>
+ <para>Mit den Berichtsfunktionen von &app; können Sie nahezu jede Gruppe
+ von Transaktionen in einer Vielzahl von Formaten anzeigen. Das macht es
+ einfach, Fragen zu Ihren Finanzen zu beantworten, wie z. B. "Wie viel
+ habe ich letzten Monat für Lebensmittel ausgegeben?" oder "Wie viel habe
+ ich in den letzten sechs Monaten verdient?"</para>
+ <para>&app; enthält eine Reihe gängiger Berichtstypen, die an Ihre
+ speziellen Bedürfnisse angepasst werden können. Wenn diese allgemeinen
+ Berichte nicht ausreichen, ist es möglich, Ihre eigenen benutzerdefinierten
+ Berichte zu ändern oder sogar zu schreiben (obwohl dies für Anfänger
+ nicht empfohlen wird).</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_concepts">
+ <title>Ãœbersicht</title>
+ <para>Es gibt viele vorgefertigte Standardberichte in &app;, die alle
+ über das Ausklapp-Menü <guimenu>Berichte</guimenu> im Hauptfenster des
+ Kontos verfügbar sind.</para>
+ <para>Wenn Sie einen Bericht aus der Liste der Berichte auswählen, wird
+ dieser Bericht zunächst mit seinen Standardeinstellungen ausgeführt.
+ Nachdem Sie den Bericht geöffnet haben, können Sie seine Parameter ändern,
+ indem Sie auf die Schaltfläche Optionen in der Symbolleiste klicken. Unter
+ Optionen sehen Sie die verschiedenen Einstellungen, die Sie für jeden
+ Bericht ändern können. Beachten Sie, dass die Optionen für verschiedene
+ Berichte unterschiedlich sein werden.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_savedconfigsinfo">
+ <title>Konzepte der gespeicherten Berichtskonfigurationen</title>
+ <para>Wenn Sie einen Bericht an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst haben,
+ möchten Sie diesen Bericht vielleicht speichern, um ihn später wieder
+ zu verwenden. &app; ermöglicht das Speichern von benutzerdefinierten
+ Berichten mit dem Befehl Berichtskonfiguration speichern.</para>
+ <para>Eine Berichtskonfiguration speichern:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Gehen Sie zum Menü Berichte und wählen Sie den gewünschten
+ Bericht.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ändern Sie die Einstellungen des Reports, bis er das enthält,
+ was benötigt wird.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Gehen Sie zur Registerkarte "Allgemein" der Berichtsoptionen
+ und ändern Sie den Berichtsnamen in einen aussagekräftigen Wert (nicht
+ zu verwechseln mit dem Berichtstitel).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Übernehmen Sie die Änderungen und schließen Sie den Dialog.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche Reportkonfiguration speichern
+ oder Reportkonfiguration speichern unter...</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>Dadurch werden die Berichtsoptionen in einer Datei in Ihrem
+ Benutzer-Verzeichnis gespeichert..</para>
+ <para>Wenn Sie zum ersten Mal einen Report unter einem Namen speichern,
+ der noch nicht gespeichert wurde, können Sie entweder die Schaltfläche
+ Reportkonfiguration speichern oder die Schaltfläche Reportkonfiguration
+ speichern unter... verwenden. Sie können den Namen des Reportes vor dem
+ Speichern ändern.</para>
+ <para>Sobald ein Bericht mit dem aktuellen Namen gespeichert wurde, wird
+ die Schaltfläche Berichtskonfiguration speichern sofort die gespeicherte
+ Berichtskonfiguration aktualisieren. Verwenden Sie die Schaltfläche
+ Reportkonfiguration speichern unter, um die aktuelle Reportkonfiguration
+ unter einem neuen Namen zu speichern.</para>
+ <para>Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen sind unter dem Eintrag
+ Berichte->Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen zur Verwendung verfügbar.
+ Sie sind auch für die Verwendung in mehrspaltigen Berichten verfügbar.</para>
+ <para>Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen können im Dialogfeld gespeicherte
+ Berichtskonfigurationen durch Klicken auf das Mülleimer-Symbol
+ gelöscht werden.</para>
+ <para>Um gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen zu bearbeiten, öffnen
+ Sie den Bericht über Berichte->Gespeicherte Berichtskonfigurationen,
+ bearbeiten und übernehmen die neuen Optionen und klicken auf
+ Berichtskonfiguration speichern.</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_standardrpts">
+ <title>Ãœbersicht der Standardberichte</title>
+ <para>Die Standardberichte, die in &app; enthalten sind, werden in
+ diesem Kapitel vorgestellt. Für jeden Bericht wird eine kurze Beschreibung
+ gegeben, die erklärt, was der Bericht zeigen soll und was sein Hauptzweck ist.
+ Wir beginnen mit einer Beschreibung des Transaktionsberichts, der ein
+ Allzweckbericht mit vielen Funktionen und Einstellungen ist, die eine
+ anspruchsvolle Untersuchung der Daten in einer Datei ermöglichen.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect2 id="rpt_txnrept">
+ <title>Buchungsbericht</title>
+ <para>The Transaction Report is a fundamental report that allows
+ users to retrieve a wide variety of useful information from the
+ financial records. The report includes many features that allow
+ powerful and flexible reporting from the single basic
+ report.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Debit and Credit subtotals can be displayed, and within
+ a grouping section, if debit totals > credit totals, the group
+ subtotal will be displayed in the debit column.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Multiple data columns enable display of transaction
+ amounts in report currency and original currency in separate
+ columns.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Additional sortkeys e.g. sort by reconcile status
+ (unreconciled -> cleared -> reconciled), sort by weeks, allow
+ additional views into the financial records.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Full text filter enabled for description, notes and
+ memo, and for account full names. This allows easier selection
+ of source account names and tailored reporting. Filters
+ can optionally use full POSIX regular expressions.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Indenting of columns will indent the report columns for
+ easier understanding of grouping and sorting. (This is now
+ enabled by default for Gnucash 3.0 onwards)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Subtotal table is useful to understand the relationship
+ in the data. This feature compiles the primary and secondary
+ subtotals into a table view, allowing additional insight into
+ financial records, e.g. account subtotals in different time
+ series.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>For further ideas on how to use the Transaction Report to produce
+ common reports, see <link linkend='rpt_transaction'>Using the
+ Transaction Report</link>.</para>
+ </sect2>
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
+<title>Assets & Liabilities Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about assets and liabilities.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_advport">
+<title>Advanced Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Advanced Portfolio produces a report on commodity accounts
+(stock and mutual fund type accounts) using price information stored in the
+&app; price database and within the
+&app; transaction data. If you do not have stock
+price information in your file, the report will indicate an error. This report
+includes extended information about commodity holdings, including information
+about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
+
+ <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
+ <title>Advanced Portfolio Capital Gains</title>
+ <para>
+ The Advanced Portfolio report doesn’t use the capital gain splits to
+ calculate capital gains. It calculates the gains from the various buy and
+ sell transactions in the account without regard to whether the gains and
+ losses are recorded or not. Any realized gain splits are ignored.
+ Realized gain splits are recognized as two splits, one in the stock’s
+ account with a zero number of shares and a non-zero value, the other in an
+ income or expense account with a value that is the negative of the split
+ in the stock account. These two splits can be in a separate transaction
+ (as created by scrubbing) or in the same transaction as the sale (this
+ will cause incorrect future scrubbing). The income or expense split can
+ be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
+ short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
+<title>Asset Barchart</title>
+<para>The Asset Barchart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
+<title>Asset Piechart</title>
+<para>The Asset Piechart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
+<title>Average Balance</title>
+<para>The Average Balance report displays monthly averages for the current accounting period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
+<title>Balance Sheet</title>
+<para>The Balance Sheet lists Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances
+for all such accounts, and provides totals as of a given date. Balance sheets
+are commonly run for the last day of each fiscal year to give an overall sense
+of the financial condition of the entity.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
+<title>General Journal</title>
+<para>The General Journal produces a register of all transactions (beginning
+to end) in order by date, showing the accounts and the amounts involved, and
+totals the Net Change by all currencies and assets.</para>
+<para>This report is not customizable by date or account, though you can
+include more or fewer details about the individual transactions, and whether
+to include running balances and totals for the credits and debits. If you
+need a report restricted to particular accounts, consider the Transaction
+Report or open a particular account and choose the Account Transaction Report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
+<title>General Ledger</title>
+<para>The General Ledger produces information about all transactions
+for a selected set of accounts. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_investport">
+<title>Investment Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Investment Portfolio produces a report of commodity accounts (that
+is, accounts with type "Stock" or "Mutual Fund"), giving holdings, price and
+value information about commodities in the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
+<title>Liability Barchart</title>
+<para>The Liability Barchart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
+<title>Liability Piechart</title>
+<para>The Liability Piechart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
+<title>Net Worth Barchart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Barchart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as bars on a graph on a monthly basis for the current
+financial period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
+<title>Net Worth Linechart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Linechart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as a line graph on a monthly basis for the current financial
+period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
+<title>Price Scatterplot</title>
+<para>The Price Scatterplot displays the value of one commodity relative to
+another commodity, for example the value of a stock relative to a currency.
+When first run, this report loads no data, and the report options must be
+changed to retrieve information from the file. Specifically, the "Price of
+Commodity" setting on the Price options tab must be changed to a specific
+commodity.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
+<title>Budget Group</title>
+<para> Budget reports in &app; allow you to gather
+summary information related to budgets you may have created. In order for
+these reports to work, you must first create a budget. The reports in this
+group are specifically based on budget information. To use these reports, you
+need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
+<title>Budget Balance Sheet</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbarchart">
+<title>Budget Barchart</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budflow">
+<title>Budget Flow</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budincstate">
+<title>Budget Income Statement</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budprofloss">
+<title>Budget Profit & Loss</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budreport">
+<title>Budget Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
+<title>Business Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about activities related
+to a business.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_customer">
+<title>Customer Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
+<title>Customer Summary</title>
+<para>Customer Summary is a customer profit report that can help with job analysis by
+comparing the income and expenses for a specific customer.</para>
+<para>All invoices have an Owner in &app;, so invoices that are
+made will show a customer and show in the report. When creating a Bill, the Default
+Chargeback Customer is blank. To use the profit report, this field needs an entry,
+since this is the tag that decides the line to which
+to attach the expense. Left blank, the bill will be assigned to "No Customer."
+Similarly, when income is entered directly in a register rather than creating an
+invoice, it will also be assigned to "No Customer."</para>
+<para>Thus, if this report includes an entry for "No Customer", this means that the report
+may be inaccurate, as the results are not all properly labeled.</para>
+<para>Possible use scenarios include:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Tracking retail sales from different cities</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking rental properties</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking types of business</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking commission sales</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>Each of these scenarios assumes that the account structure includes breakdowns
+for individual tracked categories. Changing settings on the Income and Expense
+tabs under Options can hone the information displayed. By default all income and
+expense accounts are included; however, since &app; can't really predict
+the names and classification of income and expense accounts, it must group them all
+into the "No Customer" entry.</para>
+<para>Note that inventory-based businesses won't benefit from this report because of its nature.</para>
+<para>Useful options:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>The Expense Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more expense accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Income Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more income accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Display tab allows sorting by name, profit percentage, or amount of profit.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_easyinv">
+<title>Easy Invoice</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_employee">
+<title>Employee Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_fancyinv">
+<title>Fancy Invoice</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_payaging">
+<title>Payable Aging</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_prtinv">
+<title>Printable Invoice</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_recaging">
+<title>Receivable Aging</title>
+<para>This report provides a listing of all customers, their current balance, and
+how much they have outstanding from invoices over different time periods—how
+much they owe from 0-30 days, from 31-60 days, from 61-90 days, and over 90 days.
+The report also contains links to each customer and to their current customer report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_vendor">
+<title>Vendor Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_incexp">
+<title>Income and Expense Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide information about Income and Expense</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_cashflow">
+<title>Cash Flow</title>
+<para>This report shows the change in value for a set of accounts (the flow of cash)
+over a given period of time. By default, this report is based on accounts in Assets and
+Special Accounts, and covers the current financial period. The report enumerates
+all money coming in to and going out of the base accounts, broken down by the
+other account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_equity">
+<title>Equity Statement</title>
+<para>This report can be seen as extension of the Balance Sheet report. The
+Balance Sheet states the balance of Assets, Liabilities and Equity at a
+specific point of time. The Equity Statement focuses on the Equity Accounts
+by showing the cash flow to and from them for a given period of time.</para>
+<para>By balancing this cash flow with income, the report shows the available
+capital at the beginning and end of the selected time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expbarchart">
+<title>Expense Barchart</title>
+<para>The Expense Barchart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_exppiechart">
+<title>Expense Piechart</title>
+<para>The Expense Piechart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expdayoweek">
+<title>Expenses vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Expenses vs. Day of Week presents a pie chart showing the totals for
+selected expense accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction.
+The report options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts,
+display options, and the date range) but the account selector only allows
+expense accounts to be chosen. The report aggregates expense transactions by
+day of week, not by any other period or category. Due to these limitations,
+the report may be considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting
+to examine the source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomebarchart">
+<title>Income Barchart</title>
+<para>The Income Barchart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific income types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
+<title>Income & Expense Chart</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomepiechart">
+<title>Income Piechart</title>
+<para>The Income Piechart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific income types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incstatement">
+<title>Income Statement</title>
+<para>This report lists Income and Expense account totals for a set period. By
+default, it shows all Expense and Income accounts down to 3 levels of
+sub-accounts for the current financial period.</para>
+<para>An Income Statement is also called a "Profit and Loss" report or "Revenue Statement."</para>
+<para>In earlier versions of &app;, this report was called
+"Profit & Loss," but with version 2, the report was renamed "Income Statement"
+to use more common accounting terminology.</para>
+<para>The Income Statement helps show where money is coming from and where it is
+going for a given time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incdayoweek">
+<title>Income vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Income vs. Day of Week presents a piechart showing the totals for selected
+income accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction. The report
+options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts, display options,
+and the date range) but the account selector only allows income accounts to be
+chosen. The report aggregates income transactions by day of week, not by any
+other period or category. Due to these limitations, the report may be
+considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting to examine the
+source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_trialbal">
+<title>Trial Balance</title>
+<para>Trial Balance lists the ending balances in all accounts as of a particular
+date. It is typically run at the end of an accounting period and is primarily
+used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</para>
+</sect3>
+<sect3 id="rpt_gst_statement">
+ <title>Income and GST Statement</title>
+ <para>The Income and GST Statement is a specialised Transaction
+ Report designed to print Business-related Sales and Receipts, as
+ well as their GST or VAT components. This report is designed for use
+ in Australia, but is also usable in any jurisdictions implementing
+ value-added taxes (or goods and services taxes) during regular
+ business sales and receipts; and the business owner is expected to
+ submit periodic reports of total sales, purchases, and taxes
+ collected on sales from clients or paid to a supplier.
+ </para>
+ <para>This report makes some assumptions upon the accounts used for
+ sales, purchases, and taxes collected on sales, and paid on purchases.
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Net Sales must be an Income-type account</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Net Purchases must be an Expense-type account</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GST/VAT on Sales must be a Liability-type account</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GST/VAT on Purchases must be an Asset-type account</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>There may be multiple GST accounts, e.g. reduced GST,
+ standard GST etc. The GST accounts can be printed individually,
+ or summarised for sales and purchases.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>There may be multiple sales and expenses accounts,
+ e.g. Income:Sales, Income:Grants, Expenses:Suppliers,
+ Expenses:Marketing, Expenses:Insurance. These amounts may be
+ reported individually, or summarised for sales and purchases.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The transactions may be entered manually as a multi-split
+ transaction, or they may be entered via the Business Invoices
+ and Bills tools.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>As an example, consider a business has the following
+ transactions: It incurs sales of $1,000 plus 5% GST, receiving
+ $1,050. It also incurs GST-exempt sales of $600. It purchases
+ goods/services worth $400 plus 5% = $420. The following transactions
+ will record the business activities:
+ </para>
+ <table>
+ <title>Sample Chart of Accounts for Income and GST Statement</title>
+ <tgroup cols="5" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
+ <colspec colname="date"/>
+ <colspec colname="desc"/>
+ <colspec colname="account"/>
+ <colspec colname="debit" align="right"/>
+ <colspec colname="credit" align="right"/>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Date</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+ <entry>Debit</entry>
+ <entry>Credit</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">01/01/2018</entry>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">Sales $1,000 + 5% GST</entry>
+ <entry>Income:Sales</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>$1,000</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>GST on Sales [Liability]</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>$50</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>$1,050</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry morerows="1" valign="top">02/01/2018</entry>
+ <entry morerows="1" valign="top">GST-Free Sales $600</entry>
+ <entry>Income:Sales</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>$600</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>$600</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">03/01/2018</entry>
+ <entry morerows="2" valign="top">Purchase $400 + 5% GST</entry>
+ <entry>Expenses:Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>$400</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>$420</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>GST on Purchases [Asset]</entry>
+ <entry>$20</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ <para>For the Income and GST Statement, the
+ <option>Accounts</option> selected will be the Income and Expense
+ Accounts, and the <option>Tax accounts</option> are used to select
+ the GST accounts. The GST period is selected via the
+ <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab. The resulting report is shown as
+ follows:</para>
+ <table>
+ <title>Income and GST Statement</title>
+ <tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
+ <colspec colname="date"/>
+ <colspec colname="desc"/>
+ <colspec colname="tot-sales" align="right"/>
+ <colspec colname="net-sales" align="right"/>
+ <colspec colname="tax-sales" align="right"/>
+ <colspec colname="tot-purch" align="right"/>
+ <colspec colname="net-purch" align="right"/>
+ <colspec colname="tax-purch" align="right"/>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Date</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ <entry>Total Sales</entry>
+ <entry>Net Sales</entry>
+ <entry>Tax on Sales</entry>
+ <entry>Total Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>Net Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>Tax on Purchases</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>01/01/2018</entry>
+ <entry>Sales $1,000 + 5%</entry>
+ <entry>$1,050</entry>
+ <entry>$1,000</entry>
+ <entry>$50</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>02/01/2018</entry>
+ <entry>GST-Free Sales $600</entry>
+ <entry>$600</entry>
+ <entry>$600</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>03/01/2018</entry>
+ <entry>Purchase $400 + 5% GST</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>$420</entry>
+ <entry>$400</entry>
+ <entry>$20</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Totals</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>$1,650</entry>
+ <entry>$1,600</entry>
+ <entry>$50</entry>
+ <entry>$420</entry>
+ <entry>$400</entry>
+ <entry>$20</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ <para>This report would indicate that there was a total of $50 GST
+ collected, and $20 GST on purchases, therefore a $30 GST liability
+ is payable to the authorities.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_sampcust">
+<title>Sample & Custom Group</title>
+<para>The reports in this group offer examples on how reports can be customized
+or podified to suit personal need.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custommulti">
+<title>Custom Multicolumn Report</title>
+<para>This report provides a base that allows several standard and custom
+reports to be combined into one view. Note that this report opens with an empty
+window; you must open the options and designate which reports to include for display.
+Once the reports have been selected, the settings for individual reports in the
+multicolumn display can be edited.</para>
+</sect3>
+<sect3 id="rpt_sample">
+<title>Sample Report with Examples</title>
+<para>This is a sample report that users can examine to learn how to write their own reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
+<title>Welcome Sample Report</title>
+<para>This report demonstrates how the Multicolumn Report can be use to create
+custom dashboard-type reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_miscrpts">
+<title>Other Reports</title>
+<para>Several reports are included on the main Reports menu. These are described
+below.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctsummary">
+<title>Account Summary</title>
+<para>This lists the balances of all accounts and subaccounts as of a
+particular date. By default, this report shows accounts and totals
+down to third-level subaccounts.</para>
+<para>This report gives effectively the same information as the Chart of Accounts.
+You can use this report to export and print the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+<note>
+ <para>To generate a report of account totals over a particular time period
+ (especially if you do not close your books at regular intervals), you might
+ consider using the Income Statement, or Cash Flow reports.</para>
+</note>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_balance_forecast">
+ <title>Balance Forecast</title>
+ <para>This creates a balance chart which aims to track asset (or any
+ other account type) balances, including amounts from future
+ scheduled transactions. The balances will include all regular booked
+ amounts and future amounts from numeric scheduled transaction
+ templates.</para>
+ <para>This report can also add additional data charts to forecast
+ future minimum balances. Reserve line can be displayed to confirm if
+ future minimum will dip below the reserve amount. A target line may
+ also be displayed above the reserve line for financial planning.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
+<title>Future Scheduled Transactions Summary</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_taxtxf">
+<title>Tax Report & TXF Export</title>
+<para>Generates a report and a downloadable .txf file of taxable income and
+deductible expenses for a particular accounting period. To download the report
+data, choose the Export button on the toolbar and choose between html and .txf
+downloadable versions.</para>
+<para>To use this report, you must use Edit --> Tax Options to identify which
+form the taxing authority uses for each income or expense account. Note that
+you can see but not modify the "Tax related" checkbox in Edit --> Edit Account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_savedrpts">
+<title>Saved Report Configurations</title>
+<para>Selecting this will open a dialog with a list of available Saved Report
+Configurations. "Saved Report Configurations" means sets of customized
+settings for standard reports.</para>
+<para>These sets must be saved by the user before they appear here. See
+Report Concepts above for instructions on how to save report configurations.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctreport">
+<title>Account Report</title>
+<para>The Account Report menu entry only appears when an account register is
+the active tab. This report produces a list of all transactions in the open
+register.</para>
+<para>Note that if you conduct a search that retrieves several transactions, the
+results are displayed in a new search register, which can then be used to create
+a report for just those transactions.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_accttxnrept">
+<title>Account Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report also only appears when an account register is the active tab.
+However, this report only lists transactions that have been selected
+(e.g. by mouse click) in the current register. If no transactions are selected,
+an empty report will be generated.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_transaction">
+ <title>Using the Transaction Report</title>
+ <para>The Transaction Report can be heavily customised to produce most
+ reports appropriate for personal finance and business bookkeeping purposes.
+ It aims to retrieve and filter information from the database, and present
+ transactions and totals, useful for the user and the accountant.</para>
+ <para>The following guide to the Transaction Report will assume the
+ user has set up the chart of accounts according to conventional bookkeeping
+ practice. For example, the following describes a typical household book with
+ skeleton accounts. Further accounts will undoubtedly be necessary.</para>
+ <table>
+ <title>Sample Chart of Accounts for the Transaction Report</title>
+ <tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account Name</entry>
+ <entry>Account Type</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Asset</entry>
+ <entry>ASSET (placeholder)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Asset:Bank</entry>
+ <entry>BANK</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Asset:Property</entry>
+ <entry>ASSET</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liability</entry>
+ <entry>LIABILITY (placeholder)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liability:Credit Card</entry>
+ <entry>CREDIT CARD</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liability:Home Loan</entry>
+ <entry>LIABILITY</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income</entry>
+ <entry>INCOME (placeholder)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Salary</entry>
+ <entry>INCOME</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Interest</entry>
+ <entry>INCOME</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expense</entry>
+ <entry>EXPENSE (placeholder)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expense:Groceries</entry>
+ <entry>EXPENSE</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expense:Auto</entry>
+ <entry>EXPENSE</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expense:Medical</entry>
+ <entry>EXPENSE</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Equity</entry>
+ <entry>EQUITY (placeholder)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Equity:Opening Balances</entry>
+ <entry>EQUITY</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ <para>Conventionally, the oldest transaction would be equity transfers from
+ Equity:Opening Balances to Asset and Liability Accounts. Most subsequent
+ transactions would be transfers from Income/Expense accounts to
+ Assets/Liability accounts (representing day-to-day activity e.g. receiving
+ salary, paying utility bill), or transfers between assets and liability
+ accounts (representing movements between loans and assets, e.g. paying
+ credit card bill, receiving a loan).</para>
+ <para>The following use cases will be illustrated, and the options to be
+ selected explained:</para>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Using the Transaction Report to show previous year
+ expenses</title>
+ <para>The Transaction Report can show how much was spent on
+ expense accounts last year. This will usually be the most useful
+ basic transaction report format. To create this report:
+ </para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the report options, from the
+ <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab, click the Expense
+ placeholder account and <guibutton>Select
+ Children</guibutton>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>From the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab, Choose
+ relative dates “Start of Previous Year†and “End of Previous
+ Yearâ€.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>From the <guilabel>Sorting</guilabel> tab, set
+ <guilabel>Primary Key</guilabel> to Accounts, and enable
+ <guilabel>Primary Key Subtotal</guilabel>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the <guilabel>Secondary Key</guilabel> to Date,
+ and set the <guilabel>Secondary Key Subtotal</guilabel> to
+ None. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Secondary level grouping</title>
+ <para>The following will modify the above Transaction Report to
+ use a secondary grouping strategy. The first grouping
+ (i.e. Primary Key = Accounts, Subtotal = enabled) will group
+ transactions from the same accounts, whereas the secondary
+ grouping (i.e. Secondary Key = Date, Subtotal = Monthly) will
+ also calculate monthly sums within each account.</para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Select options as above</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Sorting</guilabel> tab,
+ set <guilabel>Secondary Key Subtotal</guilabel> to Monthly
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Using secondary grouping for periodic comparison</title>
+ <para>The Display / Subtotal Table adds a subtotal summary
+ table, which will ease comparison of accounts across date
+ periods. This displays the same subtotal calculations as the
+ main table, presented in a grid structure.
+ </para>
+ <para>In addition, if there are multiple primary-key groups
+ (e.g. Date grouping with monthly subtotals, across multiple
+ months) the subtotal table will also compute and display the
+ primary-key grouping Average. The average is computed as the
+ total amount <emphasis>per row</emphasis>, divided by the
+ <emphasis>number of columns</emphasis>. This may cause confusion
+ when computing monthly spend averages, for instance, if a month
+ has no transactions and is not displayed in the table, it will
+ <emphasis>not</emphasis> create a corresponding column in the
+ table, therefore the average amount will not reflect a true
+ monthly average.
+ </para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Select options as above</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Display</guilabel> tab,
+ enable the <guilabel>Subtotal Table</guilabel>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Use filtering to limit accounts and transactions</title>
+ <para>Accounts and transactions can be filtered for reporting
+ according to account full name (e.g. ":Business:" will
+ select account structure Income:Business:Sales, Income:Business:Grants,
+ Expenses:Business:Rent, Expenses:Business:Utilities) or transaction
+ description/notes/memo (select transactions tagged #gift).
+ The filtering text may be either a standard string, or a POSIX regular
+ expression.</para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Filter</guilabel> tab,
+ complete the <guilabel>Account Name Filter</guilabel>, or
+ <guilabel>Transaction Filter</guilabel>. Optionally toggle the
+ regular expression check boxes to toggle full POSIX regex
+ matching. Regular expressions will allow more complex
+ queries e.g. the transaction filter can be set to
+ (#gift|#travel) which will filter transactions with either
+ #gift or #travel. They can be complicated and are best learned
+ from external guides.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Using the Transaction Report to generate a
+ reconciliation statement.</title>
+ <para>This sortkey 'reconcile status' will separate reconciled,
+ cleared and unreconciled transactions. This report may be useful
+ in producing a printable reconciliation report.</para>
+ <para>Alternatively, the <guilabel>Reconciliation Report
+ </guilabel> will preset these defaults and requires only the
+ Accounts selection.
+ </para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab,
+ select the relevant bank or credit card account</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab,
+ choose an appropriate date range e.g. past 3 months</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>From the <guilabel>Sorting</guilabel> tab,
+ set the <guilabel>Primary Key</guilabel> to Reconcile
+ Status, <guilabel>Primary Key Subtotal</guilabel> to enabled,
+ and set the <guilabel>Secondary Key</guilabel> to Date. The
+ <guilabel>Secondary Date Subtotal</guilabel> is left to None
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
+</chapter>
commit 843cc228fce32473461a95f57de6391a1fce9afd
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Tue Jan 19 09:17:36 2021 +0100
Bug 798089 - Starting "Tutorial and Concepts Guide" writes …
… namespace error to console
Broken in commit 7a37189
diff --git a/guide/C/ch_basics.xml b/guide/C/ch_basics.xml
index 60acec4..283e358 100644
--- a/guide/C/ch_basics.xml
+++ b/guide/C/ch_basics.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
Translators:
(translators put your name and email here)
-->
-<chapter id="chapter_basics">
+<chapter id="chapter_basics"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+
<title>The Basics</title>
<para>This chapter will introduce some of the basics of using &app;. It is
commit d540957a406756e728cfb910070d791dff86177f
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Tue Jan 19 09:28:01 2021 +0100
Revert "Remove the Russian translation for the Guide."
This reverts commit d3e5d9d41837bb836078413046c07b1007f731e0.
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 0fef636..adcb77e 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -78,11 +78,13 @@ EXTENDED_SERIF=opentype/freefont/FreeSerif
EXTENDED_MONO=opentype/freefont/FreeMono
extended_fontdir=$ac_abs_top_srcdir/fonts
extended_extension=otf
+BASEDIR_RU=$ac_abs_top_srcdir/guide/ru
AC_SUBST(EXTENDED_SANS)
AC_SUBST(EXTENDED_SERIF)
AC_SUBST(EXTENDED_MONO)
AC_SUBST(extended_fontdir)
AC_SUBST(extended_extension)
+AC_SUBST(BASEDIR_RU)
dnl
dnl Check Japanese TrueType fonts for PDF
@@ -206,8 +208,10 @@ guide/de/Makefile
guide/it/Makefile
guide/ja/Makefile
guide/pt/Makefile
+guide/ru/Makefile
Makefile])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([guide/ja/fop.xconf])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([guide/ru/fop.xconf])
AC_OUTPUT
diff --git a/guide/CMakeLists.txt b/guide/CMakeLists.txt
index 8049a94..0f1e8b8 100644
--- a/guide/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/guide/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ add_subdirectory(de)
add_subdirectory(it)
add_subdirectory(ja)
add_subdirectory(pt)
+add_subdirectory(ru)
if(AUTOTOOLS_IN_DIST)
set(autotoolsfiles Makefile.am)
diff --git a/guide/Makefile.am b/guide/Makefile.am
index aa0c0aa..2ee94ce 100644
--- a/guide/Makefile.am
+++ b/guide/Makefile.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-SUBDIRS = C de it ja pt
+SUBDIRS = C de it ja pt ru
gnomehelpdir = $(datadir)/gnome/help/gnucash-guide
diff --git a/guide/ru/CMakeLists.txt b/guide/ru/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f401bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+set (entities
+ ch_oview.xml
+ ch_basics.xml
+ ch_accts.xml
+ ch_txns.xml
+ ch_cbook.xml
+ ch_cc.xml
+ ch_expenses.xml
+ ch_loans.xml
+ ch_invest.xml
+ ch_reports.xml
+ ch_capgain.xml
+ ch_currency.xml
+ ch_dep.xml
+ ch_bus_features.xml
+ ch_budgets.xml
+ ch_oth_assets.xml
+ ch_python_bindings.xml
+ ch_import_business_data.xml
+ gnc-glossary.xml
+ fdl-appendix.xml
+ legal.xml
+ appendixa.xml
+ appendixb.xml
+ appendixc.xml
+ appendixd.xml)
+
+set (FOP_XCONF "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/fop.xconf.in")
+# Compatibility hack for autotools
+# When autotools gets dropped this line can be removed
+# and CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR can be used directly in
+# fop.xconf.in
+set(BASEDIR_RU "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
+
+add_gnc_doc_targets(${docname} "${entities}")
+
+set(extra_dist
+ fop.xconf.in)
+add_to_dist(${extra_dist})
diff --git a/guide/ru/Makefile.am b/guide/ru/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b988366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+figdir = figures
+docname = gnucash-guide
+lang = ru
+fopconfig = fop.xconf
+omffile = $(docname)-ru.omf
+entities = \
+ ch_oview.xml \
+ ch_basics.xml \
+ ch_accts.xml \
+ ch_txns.xml \
+ ch_cbook.xml \
+ ch_cc.xml \
+ ch_expenses.xml \
+ ch_loans.xml \
+ ch_invest.xml \
+ ch_reports.xml \
+ ch_capgain.xml \
+ ch_currency.xml \
+ ch_dep.xml \
+ ch_bus_features.xml \
+ ch_budgets.xml \
+ ch_oth_assets.xml \
+ ch_python_bindings.xml \
+ ch_import_business_data.xml \
+ gnc-glossary.xml \
+ fdl-appendix.xml \
+ legal.xml \
+ appendixa.xml \
+ appendixb.xml \
+ appendixc.xml \
+ appendixd.xml
+DISTCLEANFILES = $(docname)-ru.omf.out
+CLEANFILES = $(DISTCLEANFILES)
+FOPFLAGS = -l $(lang) -c $(fopconfig)
+XSLTFLAGS_FO = --stringparam paper.type A4
+if GNC_WINDOWS
+include $(top_srcdir)/chm.make
+else
+include $(top_srcdir)/xmldocs.make
+include $(top_srcdir)/pdf.make
+include $(top_srcdir)/epub.make
+if WITH_MOBI
+include $(top_srcdir)/mobi.make
+endif
+endif
diff --git a/guide/ru/appendixa.xml b/guide/ru/appendixa.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deaa10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/appendixa.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <appendix id="appendixa">
+ <title>Migration Guide</title>
+ <para>
+This appendix is to help current users of other financial software packages in their migration to &app;. We address the conceptual differences between the layout of &app; accounts versus other software packages.
+ </para>
+
+<sect1 id="appendixa_accts_vs_cats1">
+<title>Using Accounts vs. Categories</title>
+<para>
+If you are familiar with other personal finance programs, you are already accustomed to tracking your income and expenses as categories. Since &app; is a double-entry system (refer to section 2.1), incomes and expenses are tracked in accounts. The basic concept is the same, but the account structure allows more consistency with accepted business practices. So, if you are a business user as well as a home user, &app; makes it easy to keep track of your business as well as your personal accounts.
+</para>
+<para>
+Income and expense accounts give you the same information you would get with categories, but they also give you more flexibility in entering your transactions. In &app;, you have the option to enter transactions directly into income and expense accounts through their account registers. Other programs that use categories do not offer this option, because there is no <quote>account register</quote> for a category.
+</para>
+<para>
+You also have the option in &app; to treat income and expense accounts exactly as you would treat categories, if you are more comfortable with that method. In <trademark class="registered">Quicken</trademark> and similar programs, transactions require an account and a category. Substitute an income or expense account name in &app; where you would normally enter a category name in the other programs, and the result should be the same. We will discuss transaction entry in Chapter 4 in greater detail.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="appendixa_qif1">
+ <title>Organization of <acronym>QIF</acronym> Files (Discussion)</title>
+ <para>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="appendixa_entercharge1">
+ <title>Common Duplication Issues (Discussion)</title>
+ <para>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="appendixa_enterpay1">
+ <title>Checking <acronym>QIF</acronym> Data (Discussion)</title>
+ <para>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="appendixa_xmlconvert1">
+<title>Converting <acronym>XML</acronym> &app; File</title>
+ <para>The &app; <acronym>XML</acronym> data file can be transformed to almost any other data
+format (e.g., <acronym>QIF</acronym>, <acronym>CSV</acronym>...) quite easily if one is familiar with <acronym>XSLT</acronym>.
+The &app; data file is well-formed <acronym>XML</acronym>, and it can therefore be run
+through an <acronym>XSLT</acronym> parser with an associated stylesheet. This allows one
+to transform the file to just about any format that can be designed,
+given a properly written stylesheet.</para>
+
+ <para>A few steps need to be followed. The writing of a stylesheet is a task
+for a different time, but if you can get one written, here’s what you
+need to do:</para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Copy the &app; <acronym>XML</acronym> data file to a working file.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>If the file was last modified by a version of &app; older than 2.0, then
+before to continue to the next step you will need to modify the working file’s <gnc-v2>
+tag to read something like this:</para>
+ <literallayout>
+<gnc-v2 xmlns:cd="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/cd"
+ xmlns:book="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/book"
+ xmlns:gnc="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/gnc"
+ xmlns:cmdty="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/cmdty"
+ xmlns:trn="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/trn"
+ xmlns:split="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/split"
+ xmlns:act="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/act"
+ xmlns:price="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/price"
+ xmlns:ts="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/ts"
+ xmlns:slot="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/kvpslot"
+ xmlns:cust="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/cust"
+ xmlns:entry="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/entry"
+ xmlns:lot="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/lot"
+ xmlns:invoice="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/invoice"
+ xmlns:owner="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/owner"
+ xmlns:job="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/job"
+ xmlns:billterm="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/billterm"
+ xmlns:bt-days="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/bt-days"
+ xmlns:sx="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/sx"
+ xmlns:fs="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/fs"
+ xmlns:addr="http://www.gnucash.org/XML/custaddr">
+ </literallayout>
+ <para>You can put pretty much anything you want behind the equal signs, but a <acronym>URL</acronym>
+is what is typically used.</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create an <acronym>XSLT</acronym> stylesheet containing the transformation your desire,
+or obtain one that’s already written (AFAIK, there aren’t any, but I’m
+working on a <acronym>CSV</acronym> one).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>Install an <acronym>XSLT</acronym> processor such as Saxon
+(http://saxon.sourceforge.net/) or Xalan-J (http://xml.apache.org/).
+Any conforming processor will do, really...</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>Run the work file and the stylesheet through the processor according
+to the processor’s instructions.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>You will now have a file in the desired output format. An
+enterprising individual could go so far as to write a stylesheet to
+transform the &app; data file to an OpenOffice spreadsheet (or
+vice-versa, for that matter). Such things as <acronym>QIF</acronym> ought to be a little
+less work.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+<para>Benefits are that you don’t need to write a Scheme module or a new C
+routine to do this transformation. Anyone who knows or can learn <acronym>XML</acronym>
+and <acronym>XSLT</acronym> can perform this task. Not much harder, really, than writing a
+Web page....</para>
+
+<para>Anyhow, I just wanted this tidbit to be captured somewhere permanently.
+The process works on &vers-stable; datafiles, and ought to
+work on earlier versions, too.</para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ </appendix>
diff --git a/guide/ru/appendixb.xml b/guide/ru/appendixb.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..281ed09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/appendixb.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Converted to qandaset 2019-09-09 by Frank H. Ellenberger
+
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<appendix id="appendixb">
+ <title>Frequently Asked Questions</title>
+ <abstract><para>This is a list of questions asked on the mailing lists for which there really is no section in the documentation covering the subject.</para></abstract>
+ <qandaset defaultlabel='qanda'>
+ <qandadiv id="appendixb_info">
+ <title>Sources of Information</title>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_info_where">
+ <question><para>Where is the FAQ?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>You’re looking at an very old copy of it. The most up-to-date copy can be found within the <ulink url="&url-wiki-faq;">&app; Wiki</ulink>.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_info_mail">
+ <question><para>Are there mailing lists for &app;?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Yes. Go to <ulink url="&url-mail-li;gnucash-user" /> and <ulink url="&url-mail-li;gnucash-devel" /> to subscibe.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_info_mailarchive">
+ <question><para>Is there a searchable archive for the mailing lists?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Yes, you can search the mail list archives at <ulink url="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnome.apps.gnucash.devel" /> and <ulink url="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnome.apps.gnucash.user" /> (and <ulink url="http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnome.apps.gnucash.german" /> if you speak German).</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_info_other">
+ <question><para>Are there other means of obtaining support for &app;?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Yes. Many of the developers hang out on icq in the #gnucash discussion on <ulink url="&url-irc;" />. Also, there is a <ulink url="&url-wiki;">wiki</ulink> online.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+
+ <qandadiv id="appendixb_general">
+ <title>General Information</title>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_software_windows">
+ <question><para>Can I run &app; on Windows?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Yes. Starting with release 2.2.0, &app; is also available on Windows.</para></answer>
+ <answer><para>Other related options would be colinux, VMWare and a windows-based X-server hosting a remote &app; session.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_general_hard2compile">
+ <question><para>I heard it is too hard to compile &app;!</para></question>
+ <answer><para>This was probably true at the time when 1.6.0 was released. It is no longer true today, as almost every distribution ships with all the necessary libraries. However, by default, distributions won’t install the development packages of the required libraries, so you might need to start your distribution’s installer program and tell it to install not only the library packages but also the -devel packages. In general, it was noted that this problem concerns many applications in the gnome domain, and this also boils down to the fact that there is no such thing as <quote>one monolithic gnome package</quote>.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_general_batchmode">
+ <question><para>Is there a batch mode (non-interactive) available for &app;, for building reports, etc?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>No, for now &app; must be run interactively.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_general_multuser">
+ <question><para>Can multiple people access the same datafile in &app;?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>You can have multiple people with access to the same datafile, but they cannot use the data file simultaneously.</para>
+ <para>To setup multi-person access, all the people must have read/write access to the directory containing the file (to read the other’s created files, and to create new files). One way to do this is by creating a user group and setting the data directory to be owned by the shared group and set to mode 2775. The <quote>2</quote> makes the directory setgid which copies the permissions to all files.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_general_WhyC">
+ <question><para id="appendixb_general_WhyC.q">Why is &app; written in C?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>The core functionality of &app; is written in C, but do not forget that much of this can be accessed through Guile (scheme). There are a number of reasons for why &app; is written in C. The first is historical, &app; was started in 1996 (or maybe even earlier!) and many of the OOP (C++, Java, Python) compilers were not yet mature and standarized enough on the variety of platforms considered at that time, so C was the only option at that time. A second reason is because the standard GUI &app; uses is GTK, which is written in C.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_general_rewrite">
+ <question><para>Why don’t you rewrite &app; in programming language xyz so that I can contribute easily?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>The quick answer is <quote>We won’t</quote>.</para></answer>
+ <answer><para>The longer answer is complex but still amounts to <quote>We won’t</quote>. &app; is a large body of code maintained by a small group of developers who are comfortable in C and Scheme (Guile). Actually, 80% of it is in C and approx. 13% is in Scheme/Lisp. There is no valid reason that would justify rewriting this amount of existing code in a newer language. Also, creating language bindings to recent languages such as Python or Ruby or (insert your favourite language here) is labor intensive, and we’re already stretched pretty thin maintaining and developing the existing code.</para></answer>
+ <answer><para>Having said that, this is an open source project and you’re free to do with it or contribute what you want. Just don’t expect much support if the reason for your changes is that you’re not willing to learn C or Scheme. Also, &app; used to have SWIG bindings (<ulink url="http://www.swig.org" />) which have been used for some perl programming code. According to a list discussion, these SWIG bindings might still be a way to include other languages into &app;, but currently they are unused and unmaintained.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_general_newFeatures">
+ <question><para>I really want feature XYZ but &app; doesn’t have it. How do I get it added?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Ask nicely. :-) You can file an enhancement request at <ulink url="&url-bug-start;" />. Please bear in mind to describe your proposed enhancement as verbosely as possible. The trick here is to learn how to give the best information to the programmers about what your proposed new feature should do. If you want to speed up development significantly, consider donating some money as described on &app;Development.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_software_web">
+ <question><para>Is there a web interface available for &app;?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>No</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_software_security">
+ <question><para>How can I provide security for &app; data using CFS, etc.)</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Unanswered</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_software_contribute">
+ <question><para>How can I contribute to the &app; project?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>We’re working on a more formal process, but for now you should subscribe to the mailing list at <ulink url="&url-mail-li;gnucash-user" /> and <ulink url="&url-mail-li;gnucash-devel" /> and discuss what you can contribute with the participants on the lists. Please be aware that &app; is a large body of code written in C and Scheme (see <quote><link linkend="appendixb_general_WhyC" endterm="appendixb_general_WhyC.q"></link></quote> above, if you want to know why). If these are languages that you are not willing to work with, consider contributing in other ways.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_software_bugs">
+ <question><para>I think I found a bug. How do I report it?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>First of all, try to verify that it is indeed a bug and that it has not been reported before. Search the mail list archives (see FAQ above). Then search the <ulink url="&url-bug-start;">&appname; Bugzilla</ulink> database.</para>
+ <para>If you feel you have indeed found a bug, you can then report it at <ulink url="&url-bug-start;" />. Please bear in mind to report your bug as verbosely as possible. The trick here is to learn how to give the best information to the programmers about how to reproduce bugs. A Programmer will usually only be able to fix a bug they can see, if you can’t make the programmer see your bug, it won’t get fixed!</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ </qandadiv>
+ <qandadiv id="appendixb_using">
+ <title>Using &app;</title>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_using_moveAtoB">
+ <question><para>How can I move the transactions from account <quote>A</quote> into account <quote>B</quote>, thus combining them?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>At present, &app; does not offer a way to move groups of splits from one account to another. You will need to move them one at a time. Open the register for account <quote>A</quote> and select the pulldown menu item <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Transaction Journal</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to expose all the splits. For every split where the <quote>Account</quote> field shows account <quote>A</quote> reset it to account <quote>B</quote>. To do this quickly and safely, first use <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo> to copy the destination account name (<quote>account B</quote>) to the clipboard. Then highlight each reference to account <quote>A</quote> by double clicking on it and use <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>V</keycap></keycombo> to paste the destination account name. Pressing <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> after each paste, silently moves the transaction out of the register.</para>
+ <caution><para>If you inadvertently set the <quote>Account</quote> field to an unintended location, you will need to search through all your accounts to find the lost transaction to correct your mistake.</para></caution></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_using_merge2files">
+ <question><para>Is it possible to merge two &app; files?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>At present this is not possible.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_using_SaveAcctTemplate">
+ <question><para>How can I save a template of my account structure?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>This is available from the menu: <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guisubmenu>Export</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Export Accounts</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_using_ListAll">
+ <question><para>When I search for customers (or anything else for that matter), how can I return a list of everything?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>Enter a search criteria of <guilabel>matches regex</guilabel>, and place a single dot <quote>.</quote> in the text field area. Then, click <guibutton>Find</guibutton>. The regular expression <quote>.</quote> means to match anything.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_using_Dates">
+ <question><para>How can I record a transaction on different dates (actual date and bank date)?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>You record the transaction on the date you write the check or initiate the transaction. When it <quote>clears</quote> the bank, you can click in the <quote>Reconciled</quote> field to <quote>clear</quote> the transaction (change the <quote>n</quote>on-reconciled to <quote>c</quote>leared).</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ <qandadiv id="appendixb_accounting">
+ <title>Accounting</title>
+ <qandaentry id="appendixb_accounting_Taxes">
+ <question><para>How do I treat taxes? As an account payable or as an expense?</para></question>
+ <answer><para>This is a loaded question, and you should really talk to your accountant. How you treat taxes really depends on what kind of taxes they are, and how you WANT to treat them.. In some cases they are expenses, in some cases they are liabilities.</para></answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+</appendix>
diff --git a/guide/ru/appendixc.xml b/guide/ru/appendixc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2a0e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/appendixc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <appendix id="appendixc">
+ <title>Contributed Account Trees</title>
+ <para>
+ </para>
+ <sect1 id="appendixc_vat1">
+ <title>UK Vat</title>
+ <para>
+Account types (only shown if different to parent type)
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>[E] Expense</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[I] Income</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[A] Asset</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[L] Liability</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[Q] Equity</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[B] Bank accounts</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[C] Credit Cards</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[R] Accounts Receivable</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+<para>[P] Accounts Payable</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+<para>(Box n) refers to VAT form box number (I actually have these as
+descriptions to the account to remind me)</para>
+
+<para>Add all the (Box n -part) together to get the whole (Box n)
+The VAT shows you liability - if its negative they owe you.</para>
+
+<para>Capital Equipment (Box 7 - part) and (Box 6 - part) is the value of all *additions* (purchases) made over the VAT return period - not the absolute value, nor the difference in value unless that difference is wholly due to new purchases. Depreciation, losses (e.g a write off of faulty item) and other reductions in capital value are not included. If you sell a capital item then that sale and its VAT is recorded under Income. The asset is <quote>converted to cash</quote>, so the <quote>net of VAT</quote> increase in your bank account, when the invoice is payed, is matched by a decrease in capital.</para>
+
+<literallayout>
+Bank Accounts [B]
+ |___ Main Account
+ |___ Reserve Account
+
+Cash [A]
+
+Assets [A]
+ |___ Capital Equipment (Box 7 - Part) - additions only, not absolute value
+ | |___ Computers Can be depreciated to zero this year
+ | |___ EEC reverse VAT purchase (Box 6 - Part) create sub-accounts if needed
+ |___ Other
+
+Receivable [R] Customers to whom you give credit - (business section)
+
+
+Cards [C]
+ |___ Card 1
+
+Liabilities [L]
+ |___ Owed Corp Tax
+ |___ Owed Fees
+ |___ Owed Tax / NI
+ |___ Other
+
+VAT [L] Net (Box 5)
+ |___ i/p [A] purchases (Box4)
+ |___ o/p [L] (Box3)
+ |___EEC on reverse VAT purchases (Box 2)
+ |___Sales all including zero rate UK/ EEC and World (Box1)
+
+Payable [P] Suppliers who give you credit (business section)
+
+Equity [Q]
+ |___ Corp Tax
+ |___ Director’s Loan
+ |___ Dividends
+ | |___ Director1
+ | |___ Director2
+ | |___ Shareholder 1
+ |___ Grants (and stuff that does not count as income)
+ |___Opening Balances
+
+Income [I] (Box 6 - part)
+ |___ Interest
+ |___ Misc
+ | ___ Sales
+ |___ EEC
+ | |____ goods (Box 8) (sub accounts as needed)
+ | |____ services includes software (sub accounts as needed)
+ | ___ UK
+ |____ World
+
+Expenses [E]
+ |__Depreciation
+ |__ Emoluments
+ | |___ Directors Fees
+ | |___ NI Employer
+ | |___ Employee 1
+ | |___NI
+ | |___Net Salary
+ | |___Stakeholder
+ | |___Tax
+ |___ Other Non VAT Expenses
+ |___ VAT Purchases (Box 7 - part)
+ |___ Accountancy
+ |___ Bank Charges
+ |___ Consumables
+ |___ EEC reverse VAT purchases (Box 6 - Part)
+ | |___ goods (Box 9) (sub accounts as needed)
+ | |___ services includes software (sub accounts as needed)
+ |___ Office
+ |___ Phone and Internet
+ |___ Software
+ |___ Subscriptions
+ |___ Sundry
+ |___ Travel / Accom
+
+</literallayout>
+
+ </sect1>
+ </appendix>
diff --git a/guide/ru/appendixd.xml b/guide/ru/appendixd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1509b92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/appendixd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: March 18th, 2007
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ David Hampton <hampton at employees.org>
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <appendix id="appendixd">
+ <title>Auxiliary File Formats</title>
+ <para>These are the formats of some auxiliary files used by &app;.</para>
+ <sect1 id="check_format_info">
+ <title>Check Format Files (<filename>*.chk</filename>)</title>
+
+ <sect2 id="check_format_overview">
+ <title>Overview</title>
+ <para>The check format file is used to tell &app; how to print a check or checks onto a page of paper. This file first describes the overall layout of a page (number of checks, orientation, etc) and then describes the layout of the specific items on a single check. The file is organized as a typical Key/Value file used by many Linux applications. Keys/values pairs are grouped into sections that begin with the group name enclosed in square brackets.</para>
+ <para>&app; looks for check format files in two different locations when you bring up the check printing dialog. The first location is typically <filename class="directory">/usr/share/gnucash/checks</filename>, where check files distributed with the application can be found. The second location is the user private <filename class="directory">~/.gnucash/checks</filename> directory. Users may add check formats at any time (even while &app; is running) simply by dropping a new <filename>*.chk</filename> file in this directory. The next time the check printing dialog is opened the new check format will appear in the list of available check formats.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>Printing functions differently depending on the version of GTK that is installed on your system. When &app; is using a version of GTK prior to 2.10 all offsets are measured from the lower left corner of the page or check. When using GTK 2.10 or later, all offsets are measured from the upper left corner of the page or check.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Example file</title>
+ <para>A typical &app; check file is presented below. The contents of this file will be described in the next sections.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>
+[Top]
+Guid = 67b144d1-96a5-48d5-9337-0e1083bbf229
+Title = Quicken/QuickBooks (tm) US-Letter
+Rotation = 0.0
+Translation = 0.0;4.0
+Show_Grid = false
+Show_Boxes = false
+
+[Check Positions]
+Height = 252.0
+Names = Top;Middle;Bottom
+
+[Check Items]
+Type_1 = PAYEE
+Coords_1 = 90.0;102.0;400.0;20.0
+
+Type_2 = AMOUNT_WORDS
+Coords_2 = 90.0;132.0
+
+Type_3 = AMOUNT_NUMBER
+Blocking_Chars_3 = true
+Coords_3 = 500.0;102.0
+
+Type_4 = DATE
+Coords_4 = 500.0;67.0
+
+Type_5 = NOTES
+Coords_5 = 50.0;212.0
+ </programlisting>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Field Descriptions</title>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Top Group</title>
+ <para>This section of the check file describes the overall layout of a page of checks (or check) that goes into the printer.</para>
+ <table id="check_table_top">
+ <title>Overall Page Description Fields</title>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Name</entry>
+ <entry>Type</entry>
+ <entry>Required</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Guid</entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>mandatory</entry>
+ <entry>The guid is used to uniquely identify a check format to &app;. It must be unique across the entire set of application supplied and user supplied check formats. If you copy an application check file as the basis of your own check format, you must change this value. The <emphasis>uuidgen</emphasis> program may be used to generate these identifiers.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Title</entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>mandatory</entry>
+ <entry>The title is used to uniquely identify a check format to the user. This value is presented verbatim in the check format list of the check printing dialog. If you copy an application check file as the basis of your own check format, you should change this value. The title may be any utf-8 string.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Font</entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this is the default font used to print all text items on this check. This field can contain any string that is acceptable by gtk as a font specifier. If this field is omitted, the default font is the font specified in the &app; preferences dialog. A typical string would be <quote>sans 12</quote>.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Blocking_Chars</entry>
+ <entry>boolean</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this is the default used when printing all <emphasis>TEXT</emphasis> items on this check. When set to true, will print <emphasis>***</emphasis> before and after each text field on the check. Blocking characters are printed to protect check fields from alteration. For example, the amount field may be printed as <emphasis>***100.00***</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>DateFormat</entry>
+ <entry>boolean</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this is the default used when printing all <emphasis>DATE</emphasis> items on this check. When set to true, will print the format of the DATE in 8 point type, centered and below the actual DATE. For example DDMMYYYY.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Rotation</entry>
+ <entry>double</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>This value specified the rotation of the entire page (in degrees) around the origin point. For gtk versions prior to 2.10, the origin point is in the lower left corner of the page and rotation values increase in the counter-clockwise direction. For gtk version 2.10 and later, the origin point is in the upper left corner of the page and rotation values increase in the clockwise direction. Rotation of the page is applied before translation.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Translation</entry>
+ <entry>list of 2 doubles</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>These values specify the x and y translation of the entire page (in points) relative to the origin point. For gtk versions prior to 2.10, the origin point is in the lower left corner of the page and translation values increase moving up and to the right. For gtk version 2.10 and later, the origin point is in the upper left corner of the page and translation values increase moving down and to the right. Rotation of the page is applied before translation.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Show_Grid</entry>
+ <entry>boolean</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If this value is set to <emphasis>true</emphasis> then &app; will draw a grid on the page, starting at the origin with the lines spaced every 50 points. This can be helpful when creating a check format file.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Show_Boxes</entry>
+ <entry>boolean</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If this value is set to <emphasis>true</emphasis> then for each item where the width and height have been specified, &app; will draw a box showing location and maximum size of that item . This can be helpful when creating a check format file.</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ <note><para>The Blocking_Chars and DateFormat options are defined for all check formats in Edit->Preferences->Printing. It is recommened that these global options be set to false (the default), and that the options be set for individual Check Items as described below.</para></note>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Check Positions Group</title>
+ <para>This group of items specifies how multiple checks are laid out on the same sheet of paper, and gives names to each of these check locations so that a user can specify which check location that &app; should print. This entire group of key/value pairs is optional, and should be omitted if the format file only specifies a single check per page of paper.</para>
+ <table id="check_table_positions">
+ <title>Multiple Checks Per Page Fields</title>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Name</entry>
+ <entry>Type</entry>
+ <entry>Required</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Height</entry>
+ <entry>double</entry>
+ <entry>mandatory</entry>
+ <entry>This field specifies the height of a single check on the page. If there are multiple checks per page then this item is mandatory. If there is only a single check per page, this entire section should be omitted.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Names</entry>
+ <entry>list of strings</entry>
+ <entry>mandatory</entry>
+ <entry>This field specifies the names of the check locations that can be printed on each page. These names represent the check positions starting from the top of the page and moving downward. The names are presented verbatim in the check position list of the check printing dialog. A typical value for this field is "Top;Middle;Bottom", but it could also be "First;Second;Third" or any other set of strings that clearly identify the check locations. If there are multiple checks per page then this item is mandatory. If there is only a single check per page, this entire section should be omitted.</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Check Items Group</title>
+ <para>This section specifies the individual items that are printed on the check. There is no limit to the number of items that may be present in this section, and any given type of item can be repeated multiple times. This allows for the printing of checks that have a side stub, or for the one-per-page business checks that have both the check and multiple check stubs on the same page. For example, to print the payee name on a business check and on both stubs, simply specify three payee items with differing print coordinates.</para>
+ <para>Each key names in this section explicitly includes the item number to which it applies. E.G. The key named <guilabel>Type_1</guilabel> applies to the first item to be printed, and the key <guilabel>Coords_3</guilabel> applies to the third item to be printed. Item numbers start at one and increase sequentially. Any gap in the numbering sequence is interpreted by &app; as the end of the item list. Items are printed in the order of their item numbers, not in the order in which they appear in the file.</para>
+ <para>Each item specified must include a type declaration. The rest of the parameters for that item depend upon the particular type of that item. See <xref linkend="check_table_types"></xref> for a list of valid item types and their required parameters.</para>
+ <table id="check_table_items">
+ <title>Individual Check Item Fields</title>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Name</entry>
+ <entry>Type</entry>
+ <entry>Required</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Type_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>mandatory</entry>
+ <entry>This field specifies the type of a single item to be printed on a check. See <xref linkend="check_table_types"></xref> for a list of valid item types.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Coords_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>list of 2 or 4 doubles</entry>
+ <entry>mandatory</entry>
+ <entry>This field specifies the coordinates where the item should be placed on a check, and optionally also specifies the width and height of the item. The numbers in order are the X and Y offset of the lower left corner of the item, and optionally the width and height of the item. If the width is supplied then the height must also be supplied, so this field will always contain two or four numbers. For gtk versions prior to 2.10, the origin point is in the lower left corner of the page and translation values increase moving up and to the right. For gtk version 2.10 and later, the origin point is in the upper left corner of the page and translation values increase moving down and to the right.<note><para>Regardless of whether the origin is at the top or the bottom of the page, the coordinates always specify the lower left point of the item.</para></note></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Font_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this is the font used to print this specific text item. This field can contain any string that is acceptable by gtk as a font specifier. If this field is omitted, the default font is the font specified in the <emphasis>Top</emphasis> section of the check description file, or if that was omitted the font specified in the &app; preferences dialog. This field is only recognized when using gtk version 2.10 or later.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Align_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this is the alignment used to print this specific text item. This field must contain one of the strings <quote>left</quote>, <quote>center</quote> or <quote>right</quote>. If this field is omitted, the text will be left aligned. This field is only recognized when using gtk version 2.10 or later.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Text_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>This field is only used when the item type is <emphasis>TEXT</emphasis>. It specifies the utf-8 text that should be printed on the check.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Filename_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>string</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>This field is only used when the item type is <emphasis>PICTURE</emphasis>. It specifies the filename of the image that should be printed on the check. The string may specify either an absolute path name or as a relative path name. If a relative path name is specified, &app; first looks in in the application check format folder (typically <filename class="directory">/usr/share/gnucash/checks</filename>) for the image file, and if it isn’t found there then it looks in the user private <filename class="directory">~/.gnucash/checks</filename> directory for the image. This field is only recognized when using gtk version 2.10 or later.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Blocking_Chars_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>boolean</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this will set the print <emphasis>Blocking_Chars</emphasis> option for this item.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>DateFormat_<emphasis>n</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>boolean</entry>
+ <entry>optional</entry>
+ <entry>If supplied, this will set the print <emphasis>DateFormat</emphasis> option for this item.</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ <para>These are the individual items that can be printed on a check. All items require the coordinates on the page where the item should be printed. The majority of these items result in text being printed on the page, and these items may have individual font and alignments specified. For example, the numerical amount of a check could be printed right justified while everything else is printed left justified. Other types may have unique parameters.</para>
+ <table id="check_table_types">
+ <title>Individual Check Item Types</title>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Name</entry>
+ <entry>Required Fields</entry>
+ <entry>Optional Fields</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>PAYEE</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the check payee name at the specified coordinates.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>DATE</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+DateFormat
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the check date at the specified coordinates.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>NOTES</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the transaction notes field at the specified coordinates.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>CHECK_NUMBER</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app;
+ to print the check number at the specified coordinates. The
+ check number reflects the book option selection under
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties
+ </guimenuitem></menuchoice> for number source (transaction
+ number or anchor-split action - see <ulink type="help"
+ url="ghelp:gnucash-help?num-action-book-option">Use Split
+ Action Field for Number</ulink> in the Book Options section
+ of the &app; Help Manual).
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>MEMO</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the split memo field at the specified coordinates.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>ACTION</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app;
+ to print the split action field at the specified coordinates.
+ However, the printed field reflects the book option selection
+ under <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
+ Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice> for number source
+ (transaction number or anchor-split action - see <ulink
+ type="help" url="ghelp:gnucash-help?num-action-book-option">
+ Use Split Action Field for Number</ulink> in the Book
+ Options section of the &app; Help
+ Manual). If number source for the book is specified as
+ anchor-split action, this field will instead print the
+ transaction number field.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>AMOUNT_WORDS</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the check amount in words at the specified coordinates. The amount will appear similar to the string "One thousand, two hundred thirty four and 56/100".</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>AMOUNT_NUMBER</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the check amount in numbers at the specified coordinates. The amount will appear similar to the number "$1,234.56".</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>ADDRESS</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the address at the specified coordinates.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>SPLITS_ACCOUNT</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the account names for each split entry stating at the specified coordinates. See the note on splits printing.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>SPLITS_AMOUNT</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the amount for each split entry stating at the specified coordinates. Amounts are printed with currency symbols. See the note on splits printing.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>SPLITS_MEMO</entry>
+ <entry>Coords</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print the memo text for each split entry stating at the specified coordinates. See the note on splits printing.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>TEXT</entry>
+ <entry>Coords, Text</entry>
+ <entry>
+ <literallayout>Font
+Align
+Blocking_Chars
+ </literallayout>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print an arbitrary string at the specified coordinates. The string to be printed is specified with the <emphasis>Text_n</emphasis> key.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>PICTURE</entry>
+ <entry>Coords, Filename</entry>
+ <entry>(none)</entry>
+ <entry>This type value tells &app; to print an image at the specified coordinates. The image to be printed is specified with the <emphasis>Filename_n</emphasis> key. This type is only recognized when using gtk version 2.10 or later.</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ <note>
+ <para>SPLIT items include all split entries for the transaction
+ except for the split that applies to the current account register
+ (referred to as the anchor-split). This is usually the last split
+ listed when splits are displayed in the register. The coordinate
+ location defines the lower left location for the split information.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="check_format_notes">
+ <title>Creating Check Format Files</title>
+ <para>Creating your own check format file is a fairly simple task. The easiest way to start is to copy an existing check format file from the application directory (typically <filename class="directory">/usr/share/gnucash/checks</filename>) to the directory <filename class="directory">~/.gnucash/checks</filename>. Make sure to change the guid so the new file will be accepted by gnucash, and change the title to something descriptive. Then change or add individual item fields as necessary. You can also create a new check file by clicking the <guibutton>Save Format</guibutton> button on the <guilabel>Custom format</guilabel> page of the check printing dialog.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>Key names are case sensitive. If you’re having problems with a check format file, ensure that all key names have capital letters as documented above.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ </appendix>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_accts.xml b/guide/ru/ch_accts.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e00f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_accts.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.2.1
+ Last modified: September 26, 2010
+ Maintainers:
+ Tom Bullock <tbullock at nd.edu>
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Authors:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by:
+ Carol Champagne
+ Translators (en => ru):
+ Anton Tarasov (ant0 at mail.ru) (2017)
+ Dmitriy Mangul (dimang.freetime at gmail.com) (2017)
+-->
+
+<chapter id="chapter_accts">
+ <title>Счета</title>
+
+ <para>Ð’ Ñтой главе будут обÑуждатьÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ полезные концепции
+ организации ваших Ñчетов. Так как &app; не
+ предлагает определенной Ñтруктуры Ñчетов, вы Ñвободны в Ñоздании вашей
+ ÑобÑтвенной Ñтруктуры в любой удобной Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð½ÐµÑ€Ðµ.
+ Однако, имеетÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколько оÑновных концепций отчетноÑти, которым вы,
+ вероÑтно, захотите поÑледовать ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñвои Ñчета, чтобы увеличить их пользу.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="accts-concepts1">
+ <title>ОÑновные понÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð½Ð¾Ñти</title>
+
+ <para>Как мы видели в предыдущей главе, отчетноÑÑ‚ÑŒ оÑновываетÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑти
+ оÑновных типах Ñчетов: <guilabel>Ðктив</guilabel>, <guilabel>ПаÑÑив</guilabel>,
+ <guilabel>Капитал</guilabel>, <guilabel>Доходы</guilabel> и
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>. Ð¡ÐµÐ¹Ñ‡Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ñ‹ раÑширим наше понимание Ñтих типов
+ Ñчетов и покажем, как они предÑтавлены в &app;.
+ Ðо Ñначала, давайте разделим их на две группы: баланÑовые Ñчета и Ñчета
+ доходов/раÑходов. Как видно из названиÑ, баланÑовые Ñчета опиÑывают Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾,
+ чем вы владеете и что вы должны <emphasis>в определенный момент времени</emphasis>,
+ в то Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ñчета доходов и раÑходов можно проÑуммировать в отчете
+ о прибылÑÑ… и убытках, который вам покажет <emphasis>Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ‡ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ за
+ период времени</emphasis>, например ÑкономичеÑкий год.</para>
+
+ <para>Давайте поÑмотрим на финанÑовую формулу (<emphasis>Ðктивы - ПаÑÑивы =
+ Капитал + (Доходы - РаÑходы)</emphasis>) Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ´ тем,
+ как мы более подробно раÑÑмотрим каждый тип Ñчета.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="accts-AccountRelationships">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_AccountRelationships.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_AccountRelationships.svg"
+ format="SVG" srccredit="DiMan"
+ contentwidth="4in"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>ВзаимоÑвÑзь между пÑтью оÑновными Ñчетами</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>ГрафичеÑкое предÑтавление взаимоÑвÑзи между пÑтью оÑновными Ñчетами.
+ Капитал увеличиваетÑÑ Ñ‡ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ· доходы и уменьшаетÑÑ Ñ‡ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ· раÑходы.
+ Стрелками показано движение ÑредÑтв.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-bsa2">
+ <title>БаланÑовые Ñчета</title>
+
+ <para>Три, так называемых <emphasis>баланÑовых Ñчета</emphasis>:
+ <guilabel>Ðктивы</guilabel>, <guilabel>ПаÑÑивы</guilabel>,
+ <guilabel>Капитал</guilabel>. БаланÑовые Ñчета иÑпользуютÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+ отÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑтоимоÑти вещей, которыми вы владеете, или за
+ которые вы должны деньги.</para>
+
+ <para><guilabel>Ðктивы</guilabel> - группа вещей, которыми вы владеете.
+ Ваши активы могут включать автомобиль, наличные деньги, дом, акции или
+ что-нибудь еще, что может иметь конвертируемое значение. Конвертируемое
+ значение означает, что вы можете продать Ñту вещь за наличные деньги.</para>
+
+ <para><guilabel>ПаÑÑивы</guilabel> - группа вещей, за которые вы должны
+ деньги. Ваши паÑÑивы могут включать кредит на покупку Ð°Ð²Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+ обучение, залог имущеÑтва, инвеÑтиционный Ñчет или что-либо еще,
+ что вы должны вернуть через некоторое времÑ.</para>
+
+ <para><guilabel>Капитал</guilabel> - Ñто то же Ñамое, что и чиÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ.
+ Он показывает оÑтаток поÑле вычета ваших паÑÑивов из активов.
+ Он может раÑÑматриватьÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº чаÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших активов, которыми вы владеете
+ напрÑмую, без каких-либо долгов.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-ie2">
+ <title>Счета Доходов и РаÑходов</title>
+
+ <para>Оба Ñчета <guilabel>Доходы</guilabel> и <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>
+ иÑпользуютÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, чтобы увеличить или уменьшить ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших Ñчетов.
+ Таким образом, еÑли баланÑовые Ñчета проÑто <emphasis>отÑлеживают</emphasis>
+ ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ вещей, которыми вы владеете или должны, то Ñчета доходов и раÑходов
+ позволÑÑŽÑ‚ вам <emphasis>измнить</emphasis> ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших Ñчетов.</para>
+
+ <para><guilabel>Доходы</guilabel> - Ñто оплата, которую вы получаете
+ за работу, уÑлуги, которые вы оказываете или за пользование вашими деньгами.
+ Ðапример, когда вы получаете чек, он ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¹ за работу, которую
+ вы выполнили Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ñ. Другими примерами доходов ÑвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ
+ комиÑÑионные платежи, дивиденды за акции или прибыль Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñкого депозита.
+ Прибыль вÑегда будет увеличивать ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших Ðктивов и
+ поÑредÑтвом Ñтого - ваш Капитал.</para>
+
+ <para><guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel> - отноÑÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ðº деньгам, которые вы
+ платите за товары или уÑлуги, предоÑтавленные кем-нибудь другим.
+ Примерами раÑходов еÑÑ‚ÑŒ еда в реÑторане, Ð°Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñ‚Ð°, бензин Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½Ñ‹,
+ билеты на футбол. РаÑходы вÑегда будут уменьшать ваш Капитал.
+ ЕÑли вы оплачиваете Ñвои раÑходы Ñразу, тем Ñамым вы уменьшаете Ñвои Ðктивы,
+ еÑли же вы оплачиваете раÑходы в долг, то вы увеличиваете Ñвои ПаÑÑивы.</para>
+<!--
+ Translators:
+ Your language might have a generic term for 'income and expense'.
+ Then you should introduce it here in a separate paragraph
+ and replace 'income and expense' by it in the latter sections of this book.
+-->
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="accts-types1">
+ <title>Счета &app;</title>
+
+ <para>Ð’ Ñтом разделе будет показано, как понÑтие <guilabel>Ñчет</guilabel> в программе
+ &app; ÑоотноÑитÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ñтью базовыми типами Ñчетов.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðо вначале давайте начнем Ñ Ñамого понÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ <guilabel>Ñчет</guilabel> в
+ программе &app;. <guilabel>Счет</guilabel>
+ в &app; ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð¼, который Ñодержит
+ другие <guilabel>ÑубÑчета</guilabel> или <guilabel>транзакции</guilabel>.
+ ЕÑли Ñчет Ñодержит другие ÑубÑчета, то вы увидите дерево Ñчетов в
+ &app;, где в пределах родительÑкого Ñчета находÑÑ‚ÑÑ
+ логичеÑки ÑвÑзанные Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ ÑубÑчета.</para>
+
+ <para>Счет в &app; должен иметь уникальное имÑ
+ (указанное вами) и один из предварительно выбранных типов Ñчетов.
+ Ð’ целом в &app; ÑущеÑтвует 12 типов Ñчетов.
+ Ðти 12 типов Ñчетов оÑнованы на пÑти базовых Ñчетах.
+ Причина Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð¸Ñ Ñ‚Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ количеÑтва Ñчетов в &app;
+ ÑоÑтоит в том, что Ñто позволÑет выполнÑÑ‚ÑŒ в &app;
+ Ñпециализированные операции (отÑлеживание и управление) Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ…
+ типов Ñчетов. СущеÑтвует 6 Ñчетов актива (<emphasis>Ðаличные</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Банк</emphasis>, <emphasis>Ðкции</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Взаимный фонд</emphasis>, <emphasis>ПоÑÑ‚ÑƒÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ¹</emphasis>
+ и <emphasis>Ðктив</emphasis>), 3 Ñчета ПаÑÑива (<emphasis>ÐšÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Выплаты</emphasis> и <emphasis>ПаÑÑив</emphasis>),
+ 1 капитальный Ñчет (<emphasis>Капитал</emphasis>), 1 входÑщий Ñчет
+ (<emphasis>Доходы</emphasis>) и иÑходÑщий Ñчет
+ (<emphasis>РаÑходы</emphasis>).</para>
+
+ <para>Ðти &app; типы Ñчетов будут более подробно
+ раÑÑмотрены ниже.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-gc-bsa2">
+ <title>БаланÑовые Ñчета</title>
+
+ <para>Первый баланÑовый Ñчет, который мы изучим - <emphasis>Ðктивы</emphasis>.
+ Как вы помните из предыдущего раздела, он отноÑитÑÑ Ðº вещам, которыми вы
+ владеете.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, чтобы помочь вам организовать Ñчета активов и упроÑтить
+ ввод транзакций, &app; поддерживает неÑколько
+ типов Ñчетов актива:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Ðаличные (Cash)</guilabel> ИÑпользуйте Ñтот Ñчет длÑ
+ учета денег, имеющихÑÑ Ð½Ð° руках, в кошельке, вашей копилке, под матраÑом,
+ или где вы Ñчитаете удобным их хранить. Ðто <emphasis>наиболее
+ ликвидный</emphasis> тип Ñчета.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Банк (Bank)</guilabel> ИÑпользуйте Ñтот Ñчет Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð°
+ вашего наличного баланÑа, который хранитÑÑ Ð² таких учреждениÑÑ… как
+ банки, кредитные Ñоюзы, брокерÑкие фирмы и в любом ином меÑте,
+ где кто-либо другой обеÑпечивает их ÑохранноÑÑ‚ÑŒ.
+ Ðто <emphasis>второй по ликвидноÑти</emphasis> тип Ñчета, потому что
+ вы легко можете превратить его в наличные деньги.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Ðкции (Stock)</guilabel> Учитывайте ваши личные акции
+ и обÑзательÑтва, иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ Ñтот тип Ñчета. РееÑÑ‚Ñ€ Ñтого Ñчета в
+ программе Ñодержит дополнительные колонки Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð° чиÑла
+ имеющихÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ð¹ и ÑтоимоÑти ваших инвеÑтиций.
+ Ðтот тип активов не может быть легко конвертирован в наличные деньги,
+ пока вы не найдете покупателÑ. Также нет гарантии, что вы получите
+ за них ту же Ñумму денег, что и при покупке.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Фонды (Mutual Fund)</guilabel> Ðтот Ñчет подобен Ñчету
+ Ðкции за иÑключением того, что иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð° фондов.
+ РееÑÑ‚Ñ€ Ñтого Ñчета также Ñодержит дополнительные колонки Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð°
+ информации о количеÑтве и цене. Фонды предÑтавлÑÑŽÑ‚ Ñобой права
+ ÑобÑтвенноÑти на различные виды инвеÑтиций и подобно акциÑм не
+ предполагают гарантированного денежного значениÑ.</para>
+
+ <para>&app; работает Ñ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ñчетов
+ Ðкции и Фонды одинаково.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>ДебиторÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÑŒ (Accounts Receivable)</guilabel>
+ Ðтот Ñчет применÑетÑÑ Ð² бизнеÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ‚Ð°Ð¼ денег, которые должны вам.
+ Ðто ÑчитаетÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ð¼, потому что вы можете раÑÑчитывать на получение
+ Ñтих ÑредÑтв назад.</para>
+
+ <para>Транзакции в Ñчетах дебиторÑкой задолженноÑти не Ñледует
+ добавлÑÑ‚ÑŒ, изменÑÑ‚ÑŒ или удалÑÑ‚ÑŒ каким-либо иным образом, кроме как иÑпользуÑ
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>post/unpost bill/invoice/voucher or</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>process payment</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Ðктив (Asset)</guilabel> ÐезавиÑимо от того,
+ наÑколько они разнообразны, &app; легко
+ ÑправлÑетÑÑ Ñо многими другими ÑитуациÑми. Тип Ñчета <quote>Ðктивы</quote>
+ охватывает вÑе активы, не перечиÑленные выше. </para>
+
+ <para>&app; раÑÑматривает типы Ñчетов Ðаличные,
+ Банк и Ðктив одинаково.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Счета - Ñто хранилища информации, иÑпользуемые Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚ÑлеживаниÑ
+ или запиÑи видов дейÑтвий, ÑвÑзанных Ñ Ñ†ÐµÐ»ÑŒÑŽ, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð¹ был Ñоздан
+ определённый Ñчет.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÑкой деÑтельноÑÑ‚ÑŒ обычно необходимо
+ более детальное отÑлеживание и разделение транзакций,
+ чем то, что было раÑÑмотрено до Ñих пор.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ полного Ð¸Ð·ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ñтей ознакомьтеÑÑŒ Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñанием
+ <xref linkend="chapter_other_assets"/> Ñтого руководÑтва.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… финанÑов вы также можете ориентироватьÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+ правила Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÑкой деÑтельноÑти, наÑтолько Ñто
+ будет полезными Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÐµÑтельноÑти, которую вы отÑлеживаете, и Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°
+ отчетноÑти, которую вы хотите ÑоÑтавить Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñвоими
+ финанÑовыми активами. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ информации
+ Ñм. <xref linkend="chapter_other_assets"/> Ñтого руководÑтва.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>Второй баланÑовый Ñчет - Ñто <emphasis>ПаÑÑивы</emphasis>, который
+ как вы помните, отноÑитÑÑ Ðº деньгам, которые вы занÑли и обÑзалиÑÑŒ вернуть
+ к определенному времени. ПаÑÑивы предÑтавлÑÑŽÑ‚ право ваших кредиторов
+ получить от Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñумму Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð³Ð°. Учет баланÑа паÑÑивов позволит вам
+ знать, Ñколько долгов вы имеете на данный момент времени.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’ &app; еÑÑ‚ÑŒ три типа Ñчетов паÑÑива:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Кредитка (Credit Card)</guilabel> ИÑпользуйте Ñтот Ñчет
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð° ÑоÑтоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ¹ кредитной карты. Кредитные карты предоÑтавлÑÑŽÑ‚
+ краткоÑрочный кредит, который вы обÑзаны вернуть владельцу карты.
+ Ðтот вид Ñчета также можно иÑпользовать Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ñ€ÑƒÐ³Ð¸Ñ… краткоÑрочных ÑÑуд,
+ таких как ÐºÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ, предоÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ð¼ банком.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>КредиторÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÑŒ (Accounts Payable)</guilabel>
+ ПрименÑетÑÑ Ð² бизнеÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð° Ñчетов,
+ которые еще только предÑтоит оплатить (Подлежащие оплате Ñчета).</para>
+
+ <para>Транзакции в Ñчетах кредиторÑкой задолженноÑти не Ñледует
+ добавлÑÑ‚ÑŒ, изменÑÑ‚ÑŒ или удалÑÑ‚ÑŒ каким-либо иным образом, кроме как иÑпользуÑ:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>post/unpost bill/invoice/voucher or</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>process payment</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>ОбÑзательÑтва (Liability)</guilabel>
+ ИÑпользуйте Ñтот вид Ñчета Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñех других ÑÑуд, в оÑновном
+ долгоÑрочных, таких как ипотека или кредит на машину. Ðтот Ñчет
+ поможет вам контролировать Ñуммы, которые вы должны и Ñколько денег
+ вы уже заплатили.</para>
+
+ <para>&app; раÑÑматривает типы Ñчетов
+ Кредитка и ОбÑзательÑтва одинаково.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>ОбÑзательÑтва прÑмо противоположны активам: <emphasis>кредит</emphasis>
+ (Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½ÐºÐ° ввода) увеличивает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñчета обÑзательÑтв,
+ а <emphasis>дебет</emphasis> (Ð»ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½ÐºÐ° ввода) - уменьшает его.
+ Смотрите примечание дальше в Ñтой главе.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>ПоÑледний баланÑовый Ñчет - Ñто <emphasis>Капитал</emphasis>,
+ который ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ñинонимом <quote>чиÑтой ÑтоимоÑти</quote>. Он предÑтавлÑет
+ Ñобой оÑтаток поÑле Ð²Ñ‹Ñ‡Ð¸Ñ‚Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ñ… обÑзательÑтв из ваших активов.
+ Ðто чаÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших активов, которыми вы владеете напрÑмую, без каких-либо долгов.
+ Ð’ &app; иÑпользуйте Ñтот Ñчет как иÑточник
+ вашего банковÑкого баланÑа, так как Ñтот Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ÑтавлÑет Ñобой вашу
+ начальную чиÑтую ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’ &app; ÑущеÑтвует единÑтвенный Ñчет длÑ
+ капиталов, названный еÑтеÑтвенно, <guilabel>Капитал</guilabel>. Ð”Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹,
+ кооперативов и Ñ‚.д. вы можете Ñоздать ÑубÑчета Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ партнера.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Ð’ Ñчетах капиталов кредит увеличивает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñчета,
+ а дебет уменьшает его. Смотрите примечание дальше в Ñтой главе.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Ð¡Ñ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼ÑƒÐ»Ð°, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ ÑвÑзывает баланÑовые Ñчета ÑледующаÑ:
+ Ðктивы = ПаÑÑивы + Капитал или Ðктивы - ПаÑÑивы = Капитал.
+ В общих терминах: Вещи, которыми <emphasis>вы владеете</emphasis>,
+ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÑƒÑ Ð²ÐµÑ‰Ð¸, которые <emphasis>вы должны</emphasis> равнÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ
+ <emphasis>чиÑтой ÑтоимоÑти</emphasis>.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-gc-ie2">
+ <title>Счета Доход и РаÑход</title>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Доход</emphasis> Ñто плата, которую вы получаете за
+ работу, уÑлуги, которые вы оказываете или за пользование вашими деньгами.
+ Ð’ &app; Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñтих операций
+ иÑпользуетÑÑ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿ Ñчета <guilabel>Приход</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Кредит увеличивает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñ…Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñчета, а дебет уменьшает его.
+ Как опиÑано в <xref linkend="basics-accounting1"></xref>,
+ кредит показывает деньги, перемещенные <emphasis>Ñо</emphasis> Ñчета.
+ Таким образом, когда вы перемещаете деньги <emphasis>из</emphasis>
+ (кредит) Ñчета Приход на другой Ñчет, то Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñчета
+ <emphasis>Доход</emphasis> увеличиваетÑÑ.
+ Ðапример, еÑли вы оприходуете чек и запиÑываете транзакцию как
+ перемещение из Доходного Ñчета на Ñчет Банк, то Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ¸Ñ… Ñчетов
+ возраÑтает.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para><emphasis>РаÑходы</emphasis> отноÑÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ðº деньгам, которые вы платите
+ за товары или уÑлуги, предоÑтавленные кем-нибудь другим.
+ Ð’ &app; тип Ñчета РаÑходы иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ñ… денежных трат.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Дебет увеличивает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñчета РаÑходы, а кредит уменьшает его
+ (Смотри примечание ниже).</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Когда вы вычитаете общие затраты из общей прибыли за определенный
+ период времени, вы получаете чиÑтую прибыль. Ðта прибыль затем добавлÑетÑÑ
+ в баланÑовый отчет как нераÑÐ¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð±Ñ‹Ð»ÑŒ, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð¼
+ <guilabel>Капитального</guilabel> Ñчета.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Ðа риÑунках ниже показаны Ñтандартные Ñчета <guilabel>Доходы</guilabel>
+ и <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel> поÑле выбора <guilabel>Общих Счетов</guilabel>
+ при Ñоздании новой иерархии Ñчетов (<menuchoice><guimenu>ДейÑтвиÑ</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ€Ñ…Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ñ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð²...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>).</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="accts-DefaultIncomeAccounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/accts_DefaultIncomeAccounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Ðекоторые Ñтандартные Ñчета Доходы</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðтот риÑунок показывает Ñтандартные Ñчета
+ <emphasis>Доходы</emphasis>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ <screenshot id="accts-DefaultExpenseAccounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/accts_DefaultExpenseAccounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Ðекоторые Ñтандартные Ñчета РаÑходы</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðтот риÑунок показывает некоторые Ñтандартные Ñчета
+ <emphasis>РаÑходы</emphasis>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <!-- INFO-START: Ñледующего текÑта нет в оригинальном текÑте -->
+ <note>
+ <para>Помните, понÑтие терминов дебет и кредит раÑÑматривалоÑÑŒ в
+ <xref linkend="basics-accounting1"></xref>? Вопреки популÑрному убеждению
+ и даже некоторым ÑловарÑм, Ñчета дебетов и кредитов не раÑтут и не уменьшаютÑÑ.
+ Они вÑего лишь ÑоответÑтвуют запиÑÑм левой (дебет) и правой (кредит) колонок
+ отчета. ФактичеÑки, дебеты и кредиты, каждый отдельно, увеличивают один
+ тип Ñчетов и уменьшают другой. Ð’ типах Ñчетов Ðктив и РаÑходы дебет
+ увеличивает баланÑ, а кредит уменьшает. Ð’ Ñчетах ПаÑÑив, Капитал и РаÑходы
+ кредит увеличивает баланÑ, а дебет уменьшает.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðапример, дебет увеличивает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ³Ð¾ банковÑкого Ñчета, а
+ кредит уменьшает его. Ð’Ñ‹ можете Ñказать, что Ð´ÐµÐ±ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°
+ уменьшает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° вашем Ñчету, потому что вы берете из нее деньги.
+ И когда банк дает мне деньги на мои цели, он тем Ñамым кредитует мой Ñчет.
+ Зачем вÑе перевернуто наоборот в бухгалтерÑком учете?</para>
+
+ <para>Дело в том, что банк Ñмотрит на транзакции Ñо Ñвоей Ñтороны,
+ никак не Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ¹. И Ñто виденье в точноÑти противоположно вашему.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñˆ банковÑкий Ñчет ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ð¼, потому, что вы владеете им,
+ а Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ° он паÑÑив, так как он должен вам Ñти деньги. Как разъÑÑнено
+ в Ñтом разделе активы и паÑÑивы в точноÑти противоположны в завиÑимоÑти
+ от того, кому они принадлежат. И поÑтому, на Ñчету ПаÑÑива дебет
+ увеличивает баланÑ, а кредит уменьшает.</para>
+
+ <para>Когда вы берете деньги Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ³Ð¾ банковÑкого Ñчета, его баланÑ
+ уменьшаетÑÑ. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñто ÑвлÑетÑÑ ÑƒÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑŒÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ваших активов, так как вы
+ кредитуете Ñвой банковÑкий Ñчет. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ° - Ñто увеличение паÑÑивов,
+ так как они ваш Ñчет дебетуют.</para>
+ </note>
+ <!-- INFO-END -->
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-other-types">
+ <title>Прочие типы Ñчетов</title>
+
+ <para>СущеÑтвуют некоторые Ñпециальные другие типы Ñчетов.</para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Ð¢Ð¾Ñ€Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ñ (Trading)</emphasis> Разделенные валютные транзакции
+ имеют запиÑÑŒ на Ñчетах <quote>ТорговлÑ</quote>, чтобы ÑбаланÑировать Ñделки
+ в каждой валюте, а также в общей ÑтоимоÑти. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ информации
+ Ñмотри <xref linkend="chapter_currency" />.</para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Денежный рынок (Money Market)</emphasis> и
+ <emphasis>ÐšÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ (Credit Line)</emphasis> иÑпользуютÑÑ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐºÐ¾
+ при импорте OFX, по-видимому Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑоответÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ñо Ñпецификацей Ñтого
+ формата.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="accts-examples1">
+ <title>ОбъединÑÑ Ð²Ñе Ñто вмеÑте</title>
+
+ <para>Давайте подойдем к процеÑÑу поÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ <emphasis>номенклатуры Ñчетов</emphasis>
+ Ñвоих личных финанÑов, иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸ÑŽ, которую вы изучили в Ñтой главе.
+ Ðоменклатура Ñчетов - Ñто проÑто новый файл &app;,
+ в котором вы группируете ваши Ñчета Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… финанÑов.
+ Ð’ ее поÑтроении первоочередным заданием ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð²Ñ‹Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ вещей,
+ которые вы хотите отÑлеживать при помощи оÑновных типов Ñчетов
+ бухгалтерÑкого учета. Ðто очень проÑто, давайте взглÑнем на пример.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-examples-situation2">
+ <title>ПроÑтой пример</title>
+
+ <para>ДопуÑтим, вы имеете текущий и депозитный Ñчета в банке,
+ трудоуÑтроены и таким образом, получаете чеки. У Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑ‚ÑŒ ÐºÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°
+ Visa и ежемеÑÑчно вы платите коммунальные платежи в форме оплаты за аренду,
+ телефон и ÑлектричеÑтво. ЕÑтеÑтвенно, вам необходимо покупать продукты.
+ Пока мы не будем вникать в то, Ñколько денег у Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð² банке, Ñколько вы
+ должны по кредитной карточке и Ñ‚.п. Мы проÑто хотим Ñоздать Ñтруктуру
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñтой номенклатуры Ñчетов.</para>
+
+ <para>Вашими <guilabel>Ðктивами</guilabel> будут банковÑкий депозит и
+ текущий Ñчет. Вашими <guilabel>Долгами</guilabel> - ÐºÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°.
+ Вашими <guilabel>СобÑтвенными ÑредÑтвами</guilabel> будет Ñтартовое значение банковÑких
+ Ñчетов и кредитной карты (мы еще не знаем точной Ñуммы, но знаем, что она еÑÑ‚ÑŒ).
+ Вы имеете <guilabel>Доходы</guilabel> в виде заработной платы и
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel> в виде продуктов, арендной платы, телефона,
+ ÑлектричеÑтва и налогов на вашу заработную плату. ПроÑто, не так ли?</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-examples-toplevel2">
+ <title>ОÑновные Ñчета верхнего уровнÑ</title>
+
+ <para>Теперь вы должны решить, как вы хотите Ñгруппировать Ñти Ñчета.
+ Ðаиболее вероÑтно, что вы захотите Ñгруппировать ваши
+ <emphasis>Ðктивы</emphasis> вмеÑте, <emphasis>Долги</emphasis> вмеÑте,
+ <emphasis>СобÑтвенные ÑредÑтва</emphasis> вмеÑте, <emphasis>Доходы</emphasis> вмеÑте
+ и <emphasis>РаÑходы</emphasis> вмеÑте. Ðто Ñамый приемлемый путь поÑтроениÑ
+ номенклатуры Ñчетов в &app; и наÑтоÑтельно
+ рекомендуетÑÑ Ð²Ñегда начинать именно таким образом.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðачните Ñ Ð¿ÑƒÑтого файла &app;
+ выбрав <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu><guimenuitem>Ðовый файл</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ в главном меню. ПоÑвитÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñтер <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>.
+ Ðажмите кнопку <guibutton>Отменить</guibutton> Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ñтера,
+ Ñ‚.к. мы не хотим иÑпользовать уже предопределенную Ñтруктуру Ñчетов;
+ вмеÑто Ñтого мы Ñоздадим проÑтую начальную Ñтруктуру Ñчетов Ñ Ð½ÑƒÐ»Ñ.
+ Ð’ пуÑтом окне &app; выберите
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Вид</guimenu><guimenuitem>ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñтраница Ñчетов</guimenuitem></menuchoice>:
+ откроетÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÐºÐ° <guilabel>Счета</guilabel>. Ðаконец, выберите
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>ДейÑтвиÑ</guimenu><guimenuitem>Ðовый Ñчет...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Теперь вы готовы Ñоздать Ñту проÑтую начальную Ñтруктуру Ñчетов:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Ðктивы</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>Ðктивы</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Ðовый Ñчет верхнего уровнÑ</guilabel>).</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="accts-CreateAssetsAccounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/accts_CreateAssetsAccount.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Cоздании Ñчета Ðктивы</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа риÑунке показано диалоговое окно при Ñоздании Ñчета Ðктивы.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <!-- TODO: проверить Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñчетов в программе -->
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Долги</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>ЗадолженноÑÑ‚ÑŒ</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Ðовый Ñчет верхнего уровнÑ</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>СобÑтвенные ÑредÑтва</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>СобÑтвенные ÑредÑтва</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Ðовый Ñчет верхнего уровнÑ</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Доходы</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>Приход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Ðовый Ñчет верхнего уровнÑ</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Ðовый Ñчет верхнего уровнÑ</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>Когда вы Ñоздадите вÑе Ñчета верхнего уровнÑ, то главное окно
+ <emphasis>Счета</emphasis> в &app; должно
+ выглÑдеть как на риÑунке ниже.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="accts-toplevel">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/accts_toplevel.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="DiMan"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Базовые Ñчета верхнего уровнÑ</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа риÑунке показаны базовые Ñчета верхнего уровнÑ.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Сохраните Ñту Ñтруктуру Ñчетов под именем
+ <filename>gcashdata_3emptyAccts</filename> Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, чтобы мы могли
+ иÑпользовать их в поÑледующих главах.</para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-examples-organization2">
+ <title>Создание Ñуб-Ñчетов</title>
+
+ <para>Теперь вы можете добавить к Ñтой начальной Ñтруктуре верхнего уровнÑ
+ неÑколько ÑубÑчетов Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð° реальных транзакции.
+ Обратите внимание на то, что налоговые Ñчета размещены в пределах ÑубÑчета имени
+ <emphasis>Ðалоги</emphasis>. Ð’Ñ‹ можете Ñоздать ÑубÑчета внутри ÑубÑчетов.
+ Обычно Ñто делаетÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð³Ñ€ÑƒÐ¿Ð¿Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ похожих Ñчетов (например как:
+ налоговые Ñчета в данном примере).</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>ВмеÑто выбора <menuchoice><guimenu>ДейÑтвиÑ</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Ðовый Ñчет...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ в главном меню, вы можете Ñоздать также новый ÑубÑчет
+ нажав правой кнопкой мышки на названии ÑоответÑтвующего Ñчета и выбрав
+ в контекÑтном меню <guilabel>Ðовый Ñчет...</guilabel>.
+ При Ñтом откроетÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ðµ окно, аналогичное изображенному в
+ <xref linkend="accts-examples-toplevel2" />, где новый ÑубÑчет уже
+ будет уÑтановлен в качеÑтве потомка выбранного Ñчета.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Ðаличные</guilabel> (тип Ñчета
+ <guilabel>Ðаличные</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <emphasis>Ðктивы</emphasis>)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Текущий Ñчет</guilabel> (тип Ñчета
+ <guilabel>Банк</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <emphasis>Ðктивы</emphasis>)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Депозиты</guilabel> (тип Ñчета
+ <guilabel>Банк</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <emphasis>Ðктивы</emphasis>)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Visa</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>ÐšÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð°</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Долги</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Ð—Ð°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñ‚Ð°</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>Приход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>Доходы</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Телефон</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>ÐлектричеÑтво</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>ÐÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñ‚Ð°</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Продукты</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Ðалоги</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Подоходный</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы:Ðалоги</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Социальный</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы:Ðалоги</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Земельный</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>РаÑход</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>РаÑходы:Ðалоги</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðазвание Ñчета <guilabel>Ðачальное Ñальдо</guilabel>
+ (тип Ñчета <guilabel>СобÑтвенные ÑредÑтва</guilabel>, родительÑкий Ñчет
+ <guilabel>СобÑтвенные ÑредÑтва</guilabel>)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>ПоÑле ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñтих дополнительных ÑубÑчетов, конечный результат
+ должен выглÑдеть как показано ниже</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="accts-tree">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/accts_tree.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="DiMan"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>ПроÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐºÐ»Ð°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ð° Ñчетов</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа риÑунке показана проÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐºÐ»Ð°Ñ‚ÑƒÑ€Ð° Ñчетов.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Сохраните Ñту Ñтруктуру Ñчетов под именем
+ <filename>gcashdata_3</filename> Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, чтобы мы могли
+ иÑпользовать их в поÑледующих главах.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð¡ÐµÐ¹Ñ‡Ð°Ñ Ð²Ñ‹ Ñоздали номенклатуру Ñчетов Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñтого Ñемейного бюджета.
+ Ðа оÑнове Ñтой базовой Ñтруктуры мы Ñможем начать заполнÑÑ‚ÑŒ Ñчета транзакциÑми.
+ Более подробно Ñта тема будет раÑÑмотрена в Ñледующей главе.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_basics.xml b/guide/ru/ch_basics.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ba73b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_basics.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1449 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: 2014-08-28 (fell)
+ modified: October 25th 2010
+ modified: January 12th 2007
+ modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Cristian Marchi <cri.penta at gmail.com>
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators (en => ru):
+ Anton Tarasov (ant0 at mail.ru) (2017)
+ Dmitriy Mangul (dimang.freetime at gmail.com) (2017)
+-->
+
+<chapter id="chapter_basics">
+ <title>ОÑновы</title>
+
+ <para>Ðта глава ознакомит Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ð¼Ð¸ оÑновами иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ &app;.
+ Она рекомендуетÑÑ Ðº прочтению, прежде чем Ð’Ñ‹ начнете какую-либо реальную работу
+ Ñ &app;. Ð’ Ñледующих главах будут приведены конкретные примеры.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-accounting1">
+ <title>ОÑновные понÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð½Ð¾Ñти</title>
+
+ <para>&app; наÑтолько проÑта в иÑпользовании,
+ что Вам нет необходимоÑти иметь полное понимание принципов отчетноÑти,
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ чтобы убедитьÑÑ Ð² полезноÑти программы. Однако, вы увидете, что знание
+ некоторых оÑнов отчетноÑти будет полезным, так как &app;
+ разрабатывалаÑÑŒ на оÑнове Ñтих принципов. ÐаÑтоÑтельно рекомендуетÑÑ,
+ чтобы вы ознакомилиÑÑŒ Ñ Ñтой главой руководÑтва перед началом работы Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð¼Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-accounting52">
+ <title>ПÑÑ‚ÑŒ оÑновных Ñчетов</title>
+
+ <para>ОÑновные правила отчетноÑти группируют вÑе финанÑÑ‹ по пÑти
+ базовым типам <quote>Ñчетов</quote>. То еÑÑ‚ÑŒ, вÑе что ÑвÑзано Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð½Ð¾Ñтью,
+ можно помеÑтить в один из Ñтих типов Ñчетов:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <!-- <title>Типы Ñчетов</title> -->
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Ðктивы</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>вещи, которыми вы владеете</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>ПаÑÑивы</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>вещи, которые вы должны</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Капитал</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>чиÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ активов</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Доходы</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>увеличивают ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших Ñчетов</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>РаÑходы</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>уменьшают ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших Ñчетов</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>ПонÑтно, что ваш финанÑовый мир можно помеÑтить в Ñти 5 групп.
+ Ðапример, наличные на вашем банковÑком Ñчету ÑвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ð¼,
+ ваша ипотека на дом – Ñто паÑÑив, чек на зарплату ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ñ…Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼,
+ а ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ужина в реÑторане Ñледует запиÑать в раÑходы.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-accountingequation2">
+ <title>Формула отчетноÑти</title>
+
+ <para>ÐšÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¶Ðµ ÑвÑзь ÑущеÑтвует между 5 оÑновными типами Ñчетов?
+ Как один тип Ñчетов воздейÑтвует на другой? Во-первых, капитал определÑетÑÑ
+ активами и паÑÑивами. ПоÑтому, ваша чиÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ активов определÑетÑÑ
+ вычитанием паÑÑивов из ваших активов:</para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Ðктивы - ПаÑÑивы = Капитал</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>К тому же, вы можете увеличить Ñвой капитал через доходы и
+ уменьшить его через раÑходы. Конечно, Ñто имеет ÑмыÑл – когда вы получаете
+ чек на зарплату, вы ÑтановитеÑÑŒ <quote>богаче</quote>, а когда вы платите
+ за ужин – <quote>беднее</quote>.
+ МатематичеÑки Ñто предÑтавлÑетÑÑ Ð² так называемой Формуле отчетноÑти:</para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Ðктивы – ПаÑÑивы = Капитал + (Доходы – РаÑходы)</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>Ðто уравнение должно быть вÑегда ÑбаланÑированным. Ðто уÑловие
+ можно выполнить, только при внеÑении ценноÑтей на неÑколько Ñчетов одновременно.
+ Ðапример: еÑли вы получаете деньги в форме доходов, то вы должны видеть
+ такое же увеличение ваших активов. Как другой пример, вы можете иметь
+ увеличение активов, еÑли параллельно у Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑƒÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑивы.</para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>ВзаимоÑвÑзь оÑновных типов Ñчетов</title>
+ <screenshot id="basics-AccountRelationships">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_AccountRelationships.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_AccountRelationships.svg"
+ format="SVG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"
+ contentwidth="4in"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>ВзаимоÑвÑзь оÑновных типов Ñчетов</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>ГрафичеÑкое отображение ÑвÑзи между 5 оÑновными Ñчетами.
+ ЧиÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ активов (Капитал) увеличиваетÑÑ Ñ‡ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ· доходы и
+ уменьшаетÑÑ Ñ‡ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ· раÑходы. Стрелки показывают движение ÑредÑтв.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-accountingdouble2">
+ <title>Ð”Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ</title>
+
+ <para>Формула отчетноÑти ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ñамим Ñердцем
+ <firstterm>бухгалтерÑкой ÑиÑтемы двойной запиÑи</firstterm>. Ð”Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
+ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñуммы на одном Ñчету в Формуле отчетноÑти, должно быть баланÑирующее
+ изменение на другом. Ðта ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ†ÐµÐ¿Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑтна как <firstterm>Принцип баланÑа</firstterm>
+ и ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ñ„ÑƒÐ½Ð´Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾ важной Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ &app;
+ и других бухгалтерÑких ÑиÑтем двойной запиÑи. При работе Ñ &app;
+ вы вÑегда будете иметь дело, как минимум, Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑƒÐ¼Ñ Ñчетами, чтобы
+ Ñохранить Формулу отчетноÑти уравновешенной.</para>
+
+ <!-- Ñтот параграф не ÑодержитÑÑ Ð² оригинальном текÑте и ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ переводчика -->
+ <para>Ð‘ÑƒÑ…Ð³Ð°Ð»Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ запиÑи Ñлужит Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑƒÑ… целей.
+ Во-первых, Ñто отÑлеживание отчетноÑти, деньги вÑегда приходÑÑ‚ откуда-то
+ и уходÑÑ‚ куда-то. ПоÑкольку чиÑла вводÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ множеÑтво Ñчетов одновременно,
+ еÑÑ‚ÑŒ множеÑтво меÑÑ‚ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑ€ÐºÐ¸ того, что общий итог Ñовпадает.
+ Конечно, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñвлением компьютеров, шанÑÑ‹ иметь проблемы Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ низкие,
+ но надо знать, что понÑтие вÑе еще ÑущеÑтвует!</para>
+
+ <!-- Ñтот параграф не ÑодержитÑÑ Ð² оригинальном текÑте и ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ переводчика -->
+ <para>Ð‘ÑƒÑ…Ð³Ð°Ð»Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ввода поÑвилаÑÑŒ примерно в конце 15-го ÑтолетиÑ,
+ когда она была опиÑана итальÑнÑким монахом Лукой Пациоли. Традиционно
+ Ð±ÑƒÑ…Ð³Ð°Ð»Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ запиÑи включает запиÑÑŒ каждой операции в книгу,
+ называемую гроÑÑбух, затем копирование каждой чаÑти операции в книги,
+ которые называлиÑÑŒ журналы. Ðтот метод ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñе еще иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð² бизнеÑе
+ как ÑпоÑоб избежать ошибок ввода и определить иÑточники таких ошибок.
+ &app; упрощает Ñту традиционную бухгалтерию
+ путем ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ‡Ð°Ñти каждой транзакции за ваÑ, что дает возможноÑÑ‚ÑŒ
+ избежать некоторых ошибок, которые могли бы поÑвитьÑÑ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸ традиционном
+ Ñоздании отчетноÑти. Программа проÑигнализирует вам о Ñделках, которые не
+ ÑбаланÑированы и даÑÑ‚ знать, еÑли отÑутÑтвует название Ñчета.</para>
+
+ <para>БаланÑирующие Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (или перевод денег) между Ñчетами оÑущеÑтвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ
+ путем Ð´ÐµÐ±ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñчета и одновременного ÐºÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ñ€ÑƒÐ³Ð¾Ð³Ð¾.
+ Учет <firstterm>дебетов</firstterm> и <firstterm>кредитов</firstterm> не
+ означает <quote>Ñнижение</quote> и <quote>увеличение</quote>. Операции
+ дебита и кредита увеличивают определенные типы Ñчетов и уменьшают другие.
+ Ð’ Ñчетах актива и раÑходов дебетование увеличивает баланÑ, а кредитирование
+ уменьшает баланÑ. Ð’ Ñчетах паÑÑива, капитала и доходов наоборот
+ кредитирование увеличивает баланÑ, а дебетирование уменьшает баланÑ.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’ традиционной ÑиÑтеме двойной запиÑи левый Ñтолбец в таблице транзакций
+ иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ±ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð², в то Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº правый Ñтолбец иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÑ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¾Ð².
+ Бухгалтеры региÑтрируют увеличение Ñчетов активов и раÑходов на дебетовой
+ (левой) Ñтороне, и фикÑируют увеличение паÑÑивов, капитала и доходов
+ на кредитной (правой) Ñтороне. &app; вÑегда
+ Ñледует Ñтому правилу в таблице транзакций.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>ОпиÑание ÑиÑтемы двойной запиÑи в Википедии: <ulink url="&url-wp-ru;ДвойнаÑ_запиÑÑŒ"/></para>
+ </note>
+
+ <note>
+ <!-- TODO: terms must be checked with the russian translation in the app -->
+ <para>Формальные термины бухгалтерÑкого учета <guilabel>Дебит</guilabel>
+ и <guilabel>Кредит</guilabel> могут ввеÑти в заблуждение новых пользователей.
+ ЕÑли вы хотите изменить заголовки Ñтолбцов учетной запиÑи, вы можете Ñто
+ Ñделать во вкладке <quote>Учетные запиÑи</quote> в разделе
+ <quote>ÐаÑтройки</quote> (дополнительную информацию о наÑтройке параметров
+ вы найдёте в Ñправочном руководÑтве &app;).</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>Общее иÑпользование Ñлов <emphasis>дебет</emphasis> и
+ <emphasis>кредит</emphasis> не ÑоответÑтвует тому, как бухгалтеры иÑпользуют Ñти Ñлова.
+ Ð’ общем Ñлучае, <emphasis>кредит</emphasis> обычно имеет положительные аÑÑоциации;
+ Ð’ бухгалтерÑком учете, кредитные ÑредÑтва влиÑÑŽÑ‚ на правую колонку лиÑта учетной запиÑи.
+ Ðто означает уменьшение активов и раÑходов или увеличение доходов, долгов и капитала.</para>
+ <para>Подробнее Ñм. <ulink url="&url-wp-ru;Дебет_и_кредит"/>.</para>
+ </warning>
+
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-entry1">
+ <title>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ…</title>
+
+ <para>При введении данных в &app; вы должны знать
+ о трех уровнÑÑ… организации, на которые программа делит ваши данные: файлы,
+ Ñчета и транзакции. Ðти уровни раÑположены в порÑдке их ÑложноÑти: один файл
+ Ñодержит множеÑтво Ñчетов и один Ñчет Ñодержит множеÑтво транзакций.
+ Ðто деление ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¾Ñновой Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð½Ñ†Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² иÑпользованиÑ
+ &app;.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-files2">
+ <title>Файлы</title>
+
+ <para>&app; ÑохранÑет информацию на Ñамом верхнем
+ уровне в виде файлов. Данные могут быть Ñохранены на вашем компьютере в виде
+ <acronym>XML</acronym> файла (во вÑех верÑиÑÑ… &app;)
+ или в виде <acronym>SQL</acronym> базы данных (Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²ÐµÑ€Ñии
+ &app; 2.4).</para>
+
+ <!--
+ <note>
+ <para><acronym>SQL</acronym> is pronounced <quote>sequel</quote>,
+ so in spoken and written language we would say <quote>a SQL
+ database</quote>.</para>
+ </note>
+ -->
+
+ <para>С выбором формата <acronym>XML</acronym>, &app;
+ ÑохранÑет ваши данные как <acronym>XML</acronym> файлы. Как правило,
+ файлы ÑохранÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð² Ñжатом виде (вы можете изменить Ñто во вкладке
+ <guilabel>Общее</guilabel> в <guilabel>ÐаÑтройках</guilabel>
+ &app;).</para>
+
+ <para>С выбором <acronym>SQL</acronym> базы данных,
+ &app; ÑохранÑет ваши данные в
+ <acronym>SQL</acronym> базе данных вашего выбора
+ (SQLite3, MySQL или PostgreSQL).</para>
+
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ отдельного набора Ñчетов, которые вы обрабатываете, вам
+ надо выбрать между <acronym>XML</acronym> файлом и
+ <acronym>SQL</acronym> базой данных. Чтобы узнать, как Ñоздавать и
+ управлÑÑ‚ÑŒ файлами &app;, Ñмотри <xref
+ linkend="basics-files1"/>.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы думаете, что вам может понадобитьÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐµ, чем один набор Ñчетов,
+ то вам лучше проконÑультироватьÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ„ÐµÑÑиональным бухгалтером,
+ прежде чем продолжить дальше. БольшинÑтво пользователей, иÑпользует
+ только один файл данных.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>&app; автоматичеÑки генерируютÑÑ Ñ€ÐµÐ·ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ðµ
+ копии файлов и протоколы, когда Ñто необходимо. Резервное копирование и
+ протоколы опиÑаны в <xref linkend="basics-backup1"/>.</para>
+
+ </sect2> <!-- basics-files2 -->
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-accounts2">
+ <title>Счета</title>
+
+ <para><firstterm>Счет</firstterm> ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑтом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸
+ о том, чем вы владеете, долгах, тратах и приобретениÑÑ…. Каждый оÑновной
+ файл данных &app;
+ может Ñодержать множеÑтво Ñчетов, которые в Ñвою очередь могут ÑоÑоÑÑ‚ÑŒ из
+ множеÑтва других ÑубÑчетов и так далее до произвольного чиÑла уровней.
+ Ðта проÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ Ñ„ÑƒÐ½ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÑŒ делает &app; очень
+ мощным инÑтрументом в управлении вашими финанÑами, как вы увидите в
+ поÑледующих главах.</para>
+
+ <para>Примеры некоторых Ñчетов: чековый Ñчет, Ñберегательный Ñчет,
+ Ñчет кредитной карты, ипотека и кредиты. Каждый Ñчет
+ &app; отÑлеживает активноÑÑ‚ÑŒ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñтого
+ <quote>реального</quote> Ñчета, и предоÑтавлÑет вам информацию о его
+ текущем ÑтатуÑе.</para>
+
+ <para>Кроме того, Ñчета также иÑпользуютÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, чтобы категоризировать ваши деньги,
+ которые вы получаете или тратите. Ðапример, вы можете Ñоздать Ñчет раÑходов
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ³, которые вы тратите на коммунальные уÑлуги или продукты.
+ Даже еÑли вы не получаете банковÑкие выпиÑки Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñтих Ñчетов, вы можете
+ при помощи Ñтих Ñчетов определÑÑ‚ÑŒ Ñколько денег вы тратите в каждой из Ñтих облаÑтей.</para>
+
+ <para>Счета будут раÑÑмотрены более подробно в <xref
+ linkend="chapter_accts"/>.</para>
+ </sect2> <!-- basics-accounts2 -->
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-transactions2">
+ <title>Транзакции</title>
+
+ <para><firstterm>ТранзакциÑ</firstterm> предÑтавлÑет движение денег Ñ
+ одного Ñчета на другой Ñчет. ÐезавиÑимо от того, тратите вы или получаете деньги,
+ переводите их между Ñчетами - вÑе Ñто будет транзакцией.</para>
+
+ <para>ТранзакциÑми ÑвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ€: оплата Ñчета за телефон,
+ перевод денег Ñ Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ на чековый Ñчет, покупка пиццы или ÑнÑтие денег.
+ <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/> более подробно углублÑетÑÑ Ð² то,
+ как надо вноÑить транзакции в &app;.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’ бухгалтерÑком учете Ñ <link linkend="basics-accountingdouble2">
+ ÑиÑтемой двойной запиÑи</link>, транзакции вÑегда включают в ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ крайней мере
+ два Ñчета – иÑходный Ñчет и целевой Ñчет. &app;
+ учитывает Ñто путем вÑтавки Ñтроки в транзакцию Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñчета,
+ указаного в транзакции, и запиÑью ÑоответÑтвующих Ñумм в Ñтих Ñтроках.
+ Строка в транзакции, ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑ€Ð¶Ð°Ñ‰Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸ÑŽ о Ñчете и ÑоответÑтвующей Ñумме денег,
+ называетÑÑ <firstterm>запиÑью</firstterm>. Ð¢Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð·Ð°ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ‚ Ñодержать произвольное
+ чиÑло запиÑей.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Разделение транзакций на неÑколько запиÑей опиÑываетÑÑ Ð² <xref
+ linkend="txns-registers-multiaccount2"/></para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2> <!-- basics-transactions2 -->
+
+ </sect1> <!-- basics-entry1 -->
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-interface1">
+ <title>Ð˜Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ñ„ÐµÐ¹Ñ &app;</title>
+
+ <para>Открыв &app; в первый раз, вы увидите диалог:
+ Добро пожаловать в &app;! С Ñтого момента программа
+ предоÑтавлÑет вам другие инÑтрументы, чтобы помочь вам легко найти то, что вы ищете.
+ Давайте взглÑнем на некоторые вÑпомогательные Ñкраны и диалоговые окна, которые
+ вы увидите.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-tip2">
+ <title>Советы Ð´Ð½Ñ &appname;</title>
+
+ <para>&app; предоÑтавлÑет диалог
+ <guilabel>Совет днÑ</guilabel>, который дает полезные Ñоветы по
+ иÑпользованию программы: </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-TipOfDay">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_TipOfDay.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Совет днÑ</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðто изображение показывает <guilabel>Совет днÑ</guilabel>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Ðти Ñоветы дают полезную информацию Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ… пользователей.
+ Чтобы поÑмотреть больше Ñоветов, кликните <guibutton>Вперед</guibutton>
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. ЕÑли вы не хотите видеть Ñто диалоговое окно при загрузке
+ программы, Ñнимите выделение Ñ <guilabel>Показывать Ñоветы при запуÑке</guilabel>,
+ чтобы диалог не показывалÑÑ Ð² Ñледующий раз. Когда вы закончили проÑмотр
+ полезных Ñоветов, кликните <guibutton>Закрыть</guibutton>, чтобы закрыть
+ диалоговое окно <guilabel>Совет днÑ</guilabel>.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-main2">
+ <title>Окно дерева Ñчетов</title>
+
+ <para>Ð¡ÐµÐ¹Ñ‡Ð°Ñ Ð²Ñ‹ должны увидеть окно <guilabel>Ñчетов</guilabel>, которое
+ поÑвитÑÑ, как показано ниже. Точное раÑположение дерева Ñчетов будет
+ завиÑеть от Ñчетов по умолчанию, которые вы выбрали при Ñоздании Ðового
+ Плана Счетов. Ð’ Ñтом примере показаны <guilabel>Общие Ñчета</guilabel>
+ (Common Accounts).</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-Accounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_Accounts.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Account Tree Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðто изображение показывает окно <guilabel>Ñчетов</guilabel>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Окно Ñчетов (также Дерево Ñчетов) отображает данные ÑодержащиеÑÑ Ð²
+ текущем файле. Оно Ñодержит ÑпиÑок названий Ñчетов и их текущий баланÑ.</para>
+
+ <para>Из Ñтого окна вы можете открыть любой из Ñчетов - двойным щелчком мышкой
+ по имени Ñчета, нажатием правой клавиши по имени Ñчета и выбором пункта
+ <guilabel>Открыть Счет</guilabel> из контекÑтного меню или при помощи
+ кнопки <guibutton>Открыть</guibutton> в Ñтроке инÑтрументов.
+ Окна отдельных Ñчетов называютÑÑ Ñ€ÐµÐµÑтрами Ñчетов.
+ &app; позволÑет открывать одновременно любое
+ количеÑтво рееÑтров Ñчетов по желанию. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ информации
+ об иÑпользовании рееÑтров Ñчетов Ñмотри <xref linkend="basics-register2" />.
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Щелчком по маленькому треугольнику Ñлева от Ñчета Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñ‡ÐµÑ€Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸
+ Ñлементами вы Ñможете раÑширить древовидную Ñтруктуру и отобразить ÑоответÑтвующие ÑубÑчета.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>Сверху Ñтого окна имеетÑÑ <emphasis>Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ‚ÑƒÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñтрока</emphasis>, котораÑ
+ отображает Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° (так, как вы его указали при Ñохранении). Ðиже раÑположено
+ <emphasis>главное меню</emphasis>. Ð’Ñ‹ можете получить доÑтуп к опциÑм меню
+ либо кликнув по названию пункта меню, либо иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ‰ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+ горÑчие клавиши, которые будут раÑÑмотрены в Ñтой главе ниже
+ (Ñмотри <xref linkend="basics-shortcut2" />).
+ Следом идет <emphasis>панель инÑтрументов</emphasis>, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ñодержит
+ кнопки наиболее общих функций.</para>
+
+ <para>Дерево Ñчетов раÑполагаетÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ <emphasis>панелью инÑтрументов</emphasis>.
+ Как только вы начнете Ñоздавать Ñчета, Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñчетов будут поÑвлÑÑ‚ÑŒÑÑ Ð²
+ дереве Ñчетов. Ð’Ñ‹ можете отÑортировать Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñчетов, иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑŒÐºÑƒÑŽ
+ <guiicon>Ñтрелку вниз</guiicon>, Ñправа над деревом Ñчетов.</para>
+
+ <para>Внизу раÑположена <emphasis>Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñтрока</emphasis>,
+ ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ‚ вам информацию о том, чем вы владеете (ЧиÑтые Ðктивы) и
+ Ñколько денег вы заработали (Прибыль).</para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-register2">
+ <title>Окно рееÑтра Ñчетов</title>
+
+ <para>Окно <guilabel>РееÑÑ‚Ñ€ Счета</guilabel> иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð° и
+ Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð°ÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… на вашем Ñчету. Как можно предположить из имени,
+ оно выглÑдит подобно рееÑтру чековой книжки.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-CheckAccount">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_CheckAccount.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_CheckAccount.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>РееÑÑ‚Ñ€ Счета</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðто изображение показывает <guilabel>рееÑÑ‚Ñ€ Ñчета Ñ Ð½ÐµÑколькими
+ транзакциÑми</guilabel>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref> более подробно раÑÑказывает
+ об окнах рееÑтра Ñчета и том, как вводить в них данные.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð»Ð° отметьте, что Ñлементы окна рееÑтра Ñчета подобны Ñлементам
+ окна дерева Ñчетов, опиÑанным ранее. <emphasis>Ð¢Ð¸Ñ‚ÑƒÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñтрока</emphasis>
+ вверху Ñодержит название Ñчета. Ðиже под ней раÑположено
+ <emphasis>главное меню</emphasis>, которое Ñодержит
+ опции меню, отноÑÑщиеÑÑ Ðº рееÑтру Ñчета. <emphasis>Панель инÑтрументов</emphasis>
+ упрощает функции ввода данных. <emphasis>СтатуÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñтрока</emphasis> внизу
+ окна показывает Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñчета, который опиÑываетÑÑ Ð² <xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref>.
+ Внизу окна рееÑтра Ñчета поÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ текущем положении курÑора.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Вы можете изменить размер различных колонок, отображаемых
+ &app;, <emphasis>но имейте в виду, что колонка
+ ОпиÑание работает не так как вÑе другие колонки.</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>Колонка <guilabel>ОпиÑание</guilabel> автоматичеÑки раÑширÑетÑÑ,
+ заполнÑÑ Ñ‚ÐµÐ¼ Ñамым неиÑпользуемое меÑто на Ñкране. ПоÑтому вам вначале
+ нужно наÑтроить размер вÑех других колонок и только поÑле Ñтого
+ поменÑÑ‚ÑŒ размер колонки ОпиÑание.</para>
+
+ <para>Размер колонки <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> можно наÑтроить двойным
+ щелчком по названию колонки.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-toolbar2">
+ <title>Кнопки Панели ИнÑтрументов</title>
+
+ <para>Как окно дерева Ñчетов, так и окно рееÑтра Ñчета Ñодержат кнопки
+ <emphasis>панели</emphasis> инÑтрументов. Ðти кнопки обеÑпечивают быÑтрый
+ доÑтуп к общим функциÑм, таким как <guibutton>Сохранить</guibutton> или
+ <guibutton>Открыть</guibutton> в окне дерева Ñчетов и <guibutton>ЗапиÑать</guibutton>
+ и <guibutton>Удалить</guibutton> в окне рееÑтра Ñчета.
+ ЕÑли вы не уверены в том, что делает кнопка, проведите указатель мыши над
+ ней, и вы должны увидеть поÑвившееÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñание выполнÑемой функции.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðиже приведено краткое опиÑание кнопок окна дерева Ñчетов:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <!-- <title>Account tree window buttons</title> -->
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guibutton>Сохранить (Save)</guibutton></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ИÑпользуйте Ñту функцию, чтобы Ñохранить текущий файл на диÑк.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guibutton>Закрыть (Close)</guibutton></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ИÑпользуйте Ñту функцию, чтобы закрыть текущую Ñтраницу.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guibutton>Открыть (Open)</guibutton>, <guibutton>Изменить (Edit)</guibutton>,
+ <guibutton>Создать (New)</guibutton> и <guibutton>Удалить (Delete)</guibutton></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðти функции имеют отношение к Ñчетам. Они раÑÑматриваютÑÑ Ð²
+ <xref linkend="chapter_accts"></xref>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Кнопки рееÑтра Ñчета раÑÑмотрены в <xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-tabbar">
+ <title>Панель вкладок</title>
+
+ <para>
+ &app; иÑпользует модель вкладок, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñет
+ открывать неÑколько рееÑтров Ñчетов и отчетов одновременно. Каждому открытому
+ окну (которое может включать в ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ñчета, отчеты, или окно запланированных
+ транзакций) приÑваиваетÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ÐºÐ°, при нажатие на которую вы можете
+ открыть Ñто окно. Ð’ наÑтройках &app; вы можете
+ поменÑÑ‚ÑŒ меÑто Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ðº (например Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ðº Ñнизу или
+ Ñбоку главного окна).</para>
+
+ <para>Чтобы увидеть полное название вкладки, наведите курÑор мыши на вкладку.</para>
+
+ <para>ЕÑли вы открыли больше вкладок, чем может быть отображено на Ñкране,
+ то Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… вкладок не будут показыватьÑÑ. Ðо вы можете перемещатьÑÑ
+ между вкладками, Ð½Ð°Ð¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ñтрелки на любом конце панели вкладок.
+ Полный ÑпиÑок вкладок можно проÑмотреть, щелкнув правой кнопкой мыши на
+ панели вкладок. Ð’ поÑвивщемÑÑ ÑпиÑке вкладок, вы можете выбрать нужную вкладку,
+ нажав на щелкнув мышкой по ÑоответÑтвующему названию вкладки.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-options2">
+ <title>Пункты Меню</title>
+
+ <para>Как окно дерева Ñчетов, так и окно рееÑтра Ñчета Ñодержат названиÑ
+ пунктов меню в <emphasis>главном меню</emphasis>. Клик по названию
+ пункта меню показывает ÑпиÑок доÑтупных пунктов меню Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñтого названиÑ.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’Ñ‹ можете кликнуть по названию пункта меню окна дерева Ñчетов и
+ затем провеÑти указатель мыши по пунктам меню, чтобы увидеть, что они делают.
+ При прохождении ÑƒÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ñ‹ÑˆÐ¸ над пунктом меню, опиÑание пункта поÑвлÑетÑÑ
+ в левом нижнем углу окна (в <emphasis>ÑтатуÑной Ñтроке</emphasis>).
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð±Ð¾Ñ€Ð° пункта меню кликните по нему.</para>
+
+ <para>Также вы можете получить доÑтуп к большинÑтву пунктов меню,
+ кликнув правой кнопкой мыши в любом меÑте окна. Ð’ окне дерева Ñчетов
+ поÑвитÑÑ Ð²Ñ‹Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ð¹ ÑпиÑок Ñлементов Ñчета.
+ Ð’ окне рееÑтра Ñчета поÑвитÑÑ Ð²Ñ‹Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ð¹ ÑпиÑок Ñлементов транзакции.</para>
+
+ <para>Другим ÑпоÑобом доÑтупа к пунктам меню ÑвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ <emphasis>горÑчие
+ клавиши</emphasis>, опиÑанные ниже.</para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-shortcut2">
+ <title>ГорÑчие клавиши</title>
+
+ <para>Ð’Ñе пункты меню имеют кнопки быÑтрого доÑтупа (горÑчие клавиши),
+ которые обозначены подчеркнутым знаков в названии меню. Ðажатие кнопки
+ <keycap>Alt</keycap> ÑовмеÑтно Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ‡ÐµÑ€ÐºÐ½ÑƒÑ‚Ñ‹Ð¼ знаком покажет ÑпиÑок
+ подпунктов меню Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñтого пункта. Когда пункты меню показаны,
+ нажмите подчеркнутый знак в названии, чтобы активировать Ñтот пункт.
+ Ðапример, нажав <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>F</keycap> </keycombo>
+ в главном меню, вы увидите подменю <guimenu>File (Файл)</guimenu>,
+ затем нажав <keycap>S</keycap> вы Ñохраните файл.
+ ГорÑчие клавиши зафикÑированы в приложение и не могут быть изменены
+ пользователем.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðекоторые из наиболее иÑпользуемых пунктов меню также имеют
+ клавиатурные ÑокращениÑ, которые напрÑмую активируют команду без ÑледованиÑ
+ по вÑей Ñтруктуре меню. Ð’ Ñтих клавиатурных ÑокращениÑÑ… обычно
+ иÑпользуетÑÑ ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑˆÐ° <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>, также они могут иметь любую
+ клавиатурную комбинацию. Ð¡Ð¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ‰ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ñ‹ в конце каждого пункта меню.
+ Ðти ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ€Ð°Ñ‰ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑƒÑ‚ изменÑÑ‚ÑŒÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼ путем уÑтановки в панели
+ наÑтроек "Menu and Toolbar" (Меню и панель инÑтрументов).</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-help1">
+ <title>Получение помощи</title>
+
+ <para>&app; предоÑтавлÑет помощь многими ÑпоÑобами.
+ Мы уже раÑÑматривали диалог <link linkend="basics-tip2">
+ <guilabel>Совет днÑ</guilabel></link>, который дает вам полезные Ñоветы при
+ запуÑке ÑеанÑа работы Ñ &app;.
+ Также &app; предлагает раÑширенное руководÑтво помощи.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-manual2">
+ <title>РуководÑтво помощи</title>
+
+ <para>Открыв &app; вы увидите заголовок
+ пункта меню <guilabel>Помощь</guilabel> в окне <guilabel>дерева Ñчетов</guilabel>,
+ который открывает онлайн руководÑтво. Онлайн руководÑтво организовано по темам,
+ которые в Ñвою очередь ÑоÑтоÑÑ‚ из подтем.</para>
+
+ <para>Темы предÑтавленны в виде ÑпиÑка Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ Ñтороны. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð±Ð¾Ñ€Ð° темы или подтемы
+ кликните по ней - вы должны увидеть Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ñтороны текÑÑ‚, отноÑÑщийÑÑ Ðº Ñтой теме.
+ ИÑпользуйте кнопки <guibutton>Ðазад</guibutton> и <guibutton>Вперед</guibutton>
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ по выбранной теме и печатайте любой текÑÑ‚ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑŽ кнопки
+ <guibutton>Печать</guibutton>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-web2">
+ <title>Веб доÑтуп</title>
+
+ <para>Окно помощи <guilabel>&appname;</guilabel> работает как проÑтой браузер,
+ поÑтому вы можете поÑещать веб-Ñайты Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ информации.
+ Ð’Ñ‹ можете открыть любой веб-Ñайт в Ñтом окне, кликнув по кнопке
+ <guibutton>Открыть</guibutton> на <emphasis>панели инÑтрументов</emphasis>
+ и напечатав URL. ИÑпользуйте кнопки <guibutton>Ðазад</guibutton>,
+ <guibutton>Вперед</guibutton>, <guibutton>Обновить</guibutton>,
+ <guibutton>Стоп</guibutton> и <guibutton>Печать</guibutton> так же,
+ как и в обычном браузере.</para>
+
+ <para>Веб-Ñайт <ulink url="&url-www;"><citetitle>&appname;</citetitle></ulink>
+ Ñодержит полезную информацию о программе и о любых обновлениÑÑ… к ней.
+ Он также Ñодержит ÑÑылки на ÑпиÑки раÑÑылки &app;
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ‡Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² и пользователей. Ð’Ñ‹ можете найти архивы раÑÑылок
+ &app;, где раÑÑматриваютÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ðµ темы.
+ ЕÑли вам не удаетÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñ‚Ð¸ ответы на вопроÑÑ‹, которые Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ€ÐµÑуют,
+ вы можете напиÑать ваш вопроÑ
+ <ulink url="&url-mail-li;gnucash-user"><citetitle>&appname;
+ группе пользователей (английÑкий)</citetitle></ulink> и кто-то из Ñтой группы
+ вам ответит.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðктуальную верÑию <guilabel>ÑпиÑока чаÑто задаваемых вопроÑов &appname; (FAQ)</guilabel>
+ вы также найдете на Ñайте <ulink url="http://wiki.gnucash.org/wiki/FAQ"><citetitle>&appname;
+ (FAQ)</citetitle></ulink>. Он Ñодержит ответы на популÑрные вопроÑÑ‹.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-topic2">
+ <title>ПоиÑк тем</title>
+
+ <para>Онлайн руководÑтво также поддерживает опцию поиÑка.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¸Ñка определенной темы, кликните по панели <guilabel>ПоиÑк</guilabel>
+ внизу окна помощи и укажите вашу тему в имеющемÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ðµ. Кликните по кнопке
+ <guilabel>ПоиÑк</guilabel> Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ‚Ð²ÐµÑ€Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ³Ð¾ поиÑка.
+ СпиÑок найденных вариантов поÑвитÑÑ Ð² окне ниже, нажатие мышкой по нужному
+ результату помеÑтит Ñтот текÑÑ‚ Ñправа.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-files1">
+ <title>Сохранение ваших финанÑовых данных</title>
+
+ <para>&app; может
+ <link linkend="basics-store-data">хранить</link> ваши финанÑовые данные
+ в файлах или базах данных SQL, так что они могут быть
+ <link linkend="basics-open-data">открыты</link> и изменены позже.
+ Ðо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð»Ð° вам нужно <link linkend="basics-create-data">Ñоздать</link>
+ контейнер Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ….</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-create-data">
+ <title>Создание файла</title>
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ &app; файла вам необходимо Ñделать Ñледующее:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>В <emphasis>главном меню</emphasis> &app;
+ выберети <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Ðовый файл</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ Тем Ñамым вы запуÑтите диалог <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы запуÑтили &app; в первый раз,
+ то вы увидите диалог <guilabel>Добро пожаловать в &appname;</guilabel>!
+ Ðтот диалог опиÑываетÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾ руководÑтве &app;.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>УÑтановите ваши наÑтройки в Ñтом диалоге и перемещайтеÑÑŒ между окнами
+ диалога при помощи кнопок <guibutton>Ðазад</guibutton>, <guibutton>Отменить</guibutton>
+ и <guibutton>Вперёд</guibutton>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-store-data">
+ <title>Сохранение данных</title>
+ <para>Выполните Ñледующие дейÑтвиÑ, чтобы Ñохранить файл под выбраным вами именем:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Выберите <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Сохранить
+ как...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> в <emphasis>главном меню</emphasis> или
+ нажмите кнопку <guibutton>Сохранить</guibutton> на <emphasis>панели
+ инÑтрументов</emphasis>. &app; покажет диалог
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð².</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Выберите в раÑкрывающемÑÑ ÑпиÑке <guilabel>Формат файла</guilabel>,
+ в котором вы хотите Ñохранить данные. По умолчанию выбран <acronym>XML</acronym>,
+ но еÑли вы хотите иÑпользовать базу данных, то вы можете поменÑÑ‚ÑŒ выбор
+ на Ñтот формат.</para>
+ <para>Ð’ завиÑимоÑти от выбранного <guilabel>формата данных</guilabel>
+ диалоговое окно может изменитьÑÑ, как опиÑано ниже.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para></para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы выбрали <acronym>XML</acronym> или <acronym>sqlite3</acronym>,
+ то вы увидите Ñледующий диалог:</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Диалог ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… при выборе <acronym>XML</acronym> или
+ <acronym>sqlite3</acronym>.</title>
+ <screenshot id="basics-SaveXML">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_SaveXML.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="DiMan" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_SaveXML.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="DiMan"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Save screen</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтом изображении отображаетÑÑ Ñкран ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ…,
+ при выборе <guilabel>формата данных</guilabel> - <acronym>XML</acronym>
+ ​​или <acronym>sqlite3</acronym>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Введите выбранное Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° в поле <guilabel>ИмÑ</guilabel>.
+ Ðет необходимоÑти указывать раÑширение, когда вы пишете Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð°.
+ &app; автоматичеÑки добавит раÑширение <filename>.gnucash</filename>
+ к имени файла.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>РаÑширение <filename>.gnucash</filename> было введено в верÑии 2.3
+ &app;. Ð”Ð»Ñ ÑƒÐ¶Ðµ ÑущеÑтвующих файлов раÑширение
+ никогда не изменÑетÑÑ. ПоÑтому, еÑли вы откроете ÑущеÑтвующий файл
+ Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ¼ <filename>Старый-Файл</filename> и проÑто Ñохраните его,
+ то Ñто Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ будет изменено. Ð’Ñ‹ можете иÑпользовать команду
+ <guimenuitem>Сохранить как ...</guimenuitem> и дать файлу новое имÑ,
+ чтобы Ñохранить его Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ñширением <filename>.gnucash</filename>.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>Выберите меÑто Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð°, пролиÑтав дерево файлов
+ в нижней панели диалога.</para>
+ <tip>
+ <para>Ðажмите кнопку <guibutton>Создать папку</guibutton>, чтобы
+ Ñоздать новую папку Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñтраиваемым именем в выбранном меÑте.</para>
+ </tip>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы выбрали <guilabel>формат данных</guilabel>
+ <acronym>mysql</acronym> или <acronym>postgres</acronym>, вы увидите
+ Ñледующий Ñкран:</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Диалог ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… при выборе <acronym>mysql</acronym>
+ или <acronym>postgres</acronym>.</title>
+ <screenshot id="basics-SaveSQL">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_SaveSQL.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Marchi Cristian" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_SaveSQL.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Save screen</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтом изображении отображаетÑÑ Ñкран ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ…,
+ при выборе <guilabel>формата данных</guilabel> - <acronym>mysql</acronym>
+ или <acronym>postgres</acronym>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Введите в Ñтом окне информацию о подключении к базе данных:
+ <guilabel>хоÑÑ‚</guilabel>, <guilabel>Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ‹ данных</guilabel>,
+ <guilabel>Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ñ</guilabel> и <guilabel>пароль</guilabel>.
+ </para>
+ <warning>
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² <acronym>mysql</acronym> или <acronym>postgres</acronym>
+ требуютÑÑ ÑоответÑтвующие Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñтой базе данных, то еÑÑ‚ÑŒ вам
+ нужно иметь Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñоздание новой базы данных
+ или вам нужен доÑтуп на запиÑÑŒ к ÑущеÑтвующей базе данных
+ Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¼ именем.</para>
+ </warning>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðажмите кнопку <guibutton>Сохранить как</guibutton>, чтобы Ñохранить файл.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>ЕÑли вы отÑлеживаете финанÑÑ‹ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ домашнего хозÑйÑтва,
+ вам нужен только один файл. Ðо еÑли вы также отÑлеживаете бизнеÑ-финанÑÑ‹
+ или хотите по какой-то причине Ñохранить данные отдельно, тогда вам понадобитÑÑ
+ больше одного файла.</para>
+
+ <para>Перед завершением каждого ÑеанÑа &app; обÑзательно
+ Ñохраните Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑŽ меню <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Сохранить</guimenuitem></menuchoice> или кнопки
+ <guibutton>Сохранить</guibutton> на <emphasis>панели инÑтрументов</emphasis>.
+ <note>
+ <para>ПоÑкольку очень важно чаÑто ÑохранÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваши данные, чтобы
+ не потерÑÑ‚ÑŒ их по какой-либо причине, &app;
+ может автоматичеÑки ÑохранÑÑ‚ÑŒ открытый файл через определенные промежутки
+ времени. Ðтот интервал можно уÑтановить на вкладке <guilabel>ОÑновные</guilabel>
+ в разделе меню <menuchoice><guimenu>Правка</guimenu><guimenuitem>ÐаÑтройки</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>ÐаÑтройки</guimenuitem></menuchoice> в MacOS).
+ Имейте в виду, что Ñтот параметр имеет значение только в том Ñлучае,
+ еÑли вы ÑохранÑете данные в формате <acronym>XML</acronym>.
+ ЕÑли вы работаете Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð¹ данных, кнопка <guibutton>Сохранить</guibutton>
+ и пункт меню <guimenuitem>Сохранить</guimenuitem> будут недоÑтупны,
+ так как Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑохранÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ñразу.</para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-open-data">
+ <title>Открытие данных</title>
+ <para>Чтобы открыть ÑущеÑтвующий файл или базу данных, в меню выберите
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu><guimenuitem>Открыть...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ Ð’ открывшемÑÑ Ð¾ÐºÐ½Ðµ выберите <guilabel>Формат данных</guilabel>.
+ ЕÑли вы выбрали <guilabel>Файл</guilabel>, выберите файл, который вы хотите
+ открыть, проÑмотрев папки в нижних панелÑÑ…. Ð’ противном Ñлучае введите
+ необходимую информацию о <guilabel>подключении к базе данных</guilabel>.</para>
+ <tip>
+ <para>&app; хранит ÑпиÑок недавно открытых файлов.
+ Откройте меню <guilabel>Файл</guilabel>, и вы увидите ÑпиÑок недавно открытых файлов.
+ Ðажмите на тот файл, который вы хотите загрузить, чтобы открыть его.</para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-expt-acct">
+ <title>Дублирование иерархии Ñчетов</title>
+ <para>Ð’ некоторых ÑлучаÑÑ… было бы полезно продублировать Ñтруктуру ÑущеÑтвующего
+ файла данных в новом файле. Ðапример, вы можете попробовать новые методы
+ бухгалтерÑкого учета, не Ð½Ð°Ñ€ÑƒÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ðµ данные, или вам может потребоватьÑÑ
+ Ñледовать принципам бухгалтерÑкого учета, которые требуют, чтобы вы закрывали
+ Ñвои книги в конце года и начинали каждый год Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ книги.</para>
+
+ <para>&app; позволÑет Ñоздать пуÑтую копию вашей
+ иерархии Ñчетов проÑто выбрав <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>ÐкÑпорт</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>ÐкÑпорт Ñчетов</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ При выборе Ñтой команды вам нужно указать Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ пуÑтого файла,
+ а &app; ÑоздаÑÑ‚ новый файл данных, который
+ Ñодержит только вашу иерархию Ñчетов (то еÑÑ‚ÑŒ без транзакции).
+ ПоÑле ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ð¹ файл можно открыть, как и любой другой файл данных
+ &app;, как опиÑано выше.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-backup1">
+ <title>Резервные копии и воÑÑтановление данных</title>
+
+ <para>&app; Ñоздает неÑколько типов файлов,
+ чтобы гарантировать, что ваши данные не будут потерÑны.
+ ЕÑли вы поÑмотрите в папку, в которой находитÑÑ Ñохраненный файл,
+ вы можете увидеть другие файлы, Ñозданные &app;
+ Ñо Ñледующими раÑширениÑми: <filename>.gnucash</filename>,
+ <filename>.log</filename>, <filename>.LCK</filename>, <filename>.LNK</filename>
+ в том же каталоге, что и ваш оÑновной файл данных. Каждый из Ñтих файлов
+ опиÑан ниже.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Следующие разделы имеют значение только в том Ñлучае, еÑли вы
+ ÑохранÑете Ñвои финанÑовые данные в формате <acronym>XML</acronym>.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <programlisting>
+ $ ls
+ myfile.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100414185747.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100414223248.log
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415114340.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415154508.log
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415173322.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415194251.log
+ myfile.gnucash.7f0982.12093.LNK
+ myfile.gnucash.LCK
+ </programlisting>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-backupxac2">
+ <title>Ð ÐµÐ·ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ (.gnucash)</title>
+
+ <para>Каждый раз, когда вы ÑохранÑете файл данных, Ñ€ÐµÐ·ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ
+ также ÑохранÑетÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑте Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ñширением <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename>.
+ Ðтот файл резервной копии ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ копией вашего предыдущего файла данных,
+ а Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° Ñодержит информацию о дате (год, меÑÑц, день и времÑ)
+ резервного копированиÑ.
+ Ðапример, Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° <filename>myfile.gnucash.20100414185747.gnucash</filename>
+ указывает, что Ñто Ñ€ÐµÐ·ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° myfile, Ñохраненного в
+ 2010 году, 14 апрелÑ, в 18:57:47.</para>
+
+ <para>Чтобы воÑÑтановить Ñтарый файл резервной копии,
+ проÑто откройте файл <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> Ñ Ð´Ð°Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¹,
+ к которой вы хотите вернутьÑÑ. Ðе забудьте Ñохранить Ñтот файл под другим именем.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para> До верÑии 2.2 &app; Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑохранениÑ
+ резервной копии иÑпользовалоÑÑŒ другое разрешение файла:
+ <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.xac</filename>.
+ ЕÑли вы обновилиÑÑŒ Ñ Ð²ÐµÑ€Ñии 2.2 до верÑии 2.4, то вы можете
+ увидеть оба типа резервных файлов <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.xac</filename>
+ и <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> в Ñвоем каталоге.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-backuplog2">
+ <title>Журнал изменений (.log)</title>
+
+ <para>Каждый раз, когда вы открываете и редактируете файл в &app;,
+ &app; Ñоздает файл журнала изменений,
+ внеÑенных вами в файл данных. Файл журнала иÑпользует аналогичный формат
+ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº и файлы резервных копий: <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.log</filename>.
+ Файлы журнала не ÑвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ резервной копией вашего файла данных -
+ они проÑто запиÑывают изменениÑ, внеÑенные вами в файл данных в текущем
+ ÑеанÑе &app;.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’ Ñлучае непреднамеренного выхода из &app;,
+ возможно, из-за ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñ‚Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑтемы, вы можете воÑÑтановить
+ большую чаÑÑ‚ÑŒ Ñвоей работы Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð° поÑледнего ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° &app;
+ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ‰ÑŒÑŽ Ñтого журнала изменений. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñтого необходимо Ñделать Ñледующее:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Откройте поÑледний Ñохраненный файл &app;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Перейдите в <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu><guisubmenu>Импорт</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Проиграть лог-файл &appname;...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ и выберите файл .log Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¹ же датой, что и Ñохраненный файл,
+ который вы только что открыли. УбедитеÑÑŒ, что вы выбрали правильный файл .log,
+ иначе вы можете нанеÑти ущерб вашим данным.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>ВоÑпроизведение журнала изменений воÑÑтанавливает любую транзакцию,
+ влиÑющую на баланÑ, введенную Ñо времени поÑледнего ÑохранениÑ,
+ в том чиÑле Ñозданные из запланированных транзакций и бизнеÑ-функций
+ (Ñчета-фактуры, Ñчета и Ñ‚.д.).</para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>Ð˜Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² запланированных транзакциÑÑ…, Ñчетах или Ñчет-фактурах
+ не воÑÑтанавливаютÑÑ, и их воÑÑтановленые транзакции могут быть
+ неправильно ÑвÑзаны Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ и поÑтому должны быть дважды проверены.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ… операций вам, возможно, придетÑÑ ÑƒÐ´Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ñ‚ÑŒ и повторно
+ Ñоздать некоторые из них. ЕÑли вы Ñтого не Ñделаете, Ñ…Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑƒÐ´ÐµÑ‚
+ правильным, некоторые отчеты могут не Ñовпадать.</para>
+ </warning>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-backuplock2">
+ <title>Файлы блокировки (.LNK and .LCK)</title>
+
+ <para>Ð’Ñ‹ можете видеть периодичеÑки поÑвлÑющиеÑÑ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ñ‹ <filename>.LNK</filename>
+ и <filename>.LCK</filename>. Они не хранÑÑ‚ никаких данных, но ÑоздаютÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ñ‚Ð²Ñ€Ð°Ñ‰ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñтупа более чем одного Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ñ Ðº одному и тому же файлу.
+ Ðти файлы автоматичеÑки ÑоздаютÑÑ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸ открытии файла данных, чтобы заблокировать
+ доÑтуп оÑтальных пользователей к нему. Когда вы заканчиваете ÑÐµÐ°Ð½Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ‹ Ñ
+ &app; или открываете другой файл,
+ программа разблокирует первый файл данных путем ÑƒÐ´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²
+ <filename>.LCK</filename> и <filename>.LNK</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>ЕÑли работа &app; нарушаетÑÑ, пока файл
+ данных открыт, файлы <filename>.LCK</filename> и <filename>.LNK</filename>
+ не удалÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ. При Ñледующем открытии программы вы получите предупреждение
+ о том, что файл заблокирован. Ðто предупреждение поÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¼Ñƒ,
+ что файлы <filename>.LCK</filename> и <filename>.LNK</filename> вÑе еще
+ находÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ð² вашей директории. Будет безопаÑно выбрать <guibutton>Да</guibutton>,
+ чтобы открыть файл, но вам Ñледует удалить файлы <filename>.LCK</filename> и
+ <filename>.LNK</filename> (иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ Ð¾ÐºÐ½Ð¾ терминала или ваш файловый менеджер).
+ ПоÑле ÑƒÐ´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð² вы больше не будете получать Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ тех
+ пор, пока Ñ &app; не произойдет Ñледующий Ñбой.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="basics-backupmanage2">
+ <title>Управление файлами</title>
+
+ <para>Итак, какие файлы вам Ñледует ÑохранÑÑ‚ÑŒ?
+ Конечно, ÑохранÑйте ваш главный файл данных. Будет неплохо Ñохранить
+ неÑколько поÑледних резервных файлов <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename>,
+ и вы можете Ñпокойно удалить <filename>.log</filename> файлы, так как они
+ не ÑвлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ копией ваших данных.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы обновили верÑию &app; до верÑии 2.4,
+ у Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ‚Ð°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ могут быть файлы резервных копий в Ñтаром формате <filename>.xac</filename>.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñтих файлов вы можете применить тот же принцип, опиÑанный выше Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²
+ резервных копий <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename>.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Также вам необходимо удалÑÑ‚ÑŒ любые файлы <filename>.LCK</filename> и
+ <filename>.LNK</filename>, которые вы видите поÑле закрытиÑ
+ &app;. ЕÑли вы решите вручную Ñохранить резервную
+ копию на другой диÑк, вам Ñледует зарезервировать главный файл данных,
+ <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> файлы резервировать не нужно.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>По умолчанию &app; автоматичеÑки
+ удалÑет журналы изменений <filename>.log</filename> и
+ резервные копии <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> Ñтарше 30 дней.
+ Ð’Ñ‹ можете изменить Ñто в наÑтройках &app; на
+ вкладке <guilabel>ОÑновные</guilabel>
+ в разделе меню <menuchoice><guimenu>Правка</guimenu><guimenuitem>ÐаÑтройки</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>ÐаÑтройки</guimenuitem></menuchoice> в MacOS).</para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-migrate-settings">
+ <title>ÐŸÐµÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ &app; данных</title>
+ <para>Иногда вам может потребоватьÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¼ÐµÑтить ваши финанÑовые данные и
+ наÑтройки &app; на другой компьютер.
+ Типичные варианты иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ - Ñто когда вы покупаете новый компьютер
+ или хотите иÑпользовать одни и те же наÑтройки в двух разных операционных
+ ÑиÑтемах в конфигурации Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ загрузкой.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="migrate-financial">
+ <title>ÐŸÐµÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñовых данных</title>
+ <para>ÐŸÐµÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñовых данных &app; так же проÑÑ‚,
+ как копирование файлов <filename>.gnucash</filename> в файловом менеджере,
+ еÑли вы знаете, где они Ñохранены. ЕÑли вы не можете вÑпомнить, где хранитÑÑ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»,
+ но вы можете открыть его непоÑредÑтвенно в &app;,
+ то Ñохраните его по желаемому пути из &app;.</para>
+
+ <para>Ð’Ñе оÑтальные файлы в папке - Ñто либо резервные копии,
+ либо файлы журналов изменений. От ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñтих файлов не будет никакого
+ вреда, но и пользу Ñто тоже врÑд ли принеÑет.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="migrate-prefs">
+ <title>ÐŸÐµÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñтроек</title>
+ <para>ÐаÑтройки хранÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ð² трех разных меÑтах: один Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñтроек &app;,
+ один Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð² и один Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñтроек онлайн-банкинга. ÐаÑтойки &app;
+ управлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ <application>gsettings</application>, отчеты управлÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ñамим
+ &app; , а онлайн-банкинг управлÑетÑÑ <application>aqbanking</application>.
+ ЕÑли вы не иÑпользуете онлайн-банкинг, у Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ будет Ñтой папки на вашем компьютере.</para>
+
+ <para>Где хранÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñтройки &app;, завиÑит от
+ вашей операционной ÑиÑтемы (Ñм. <xref linkend="App-sett-loc" />,
+ <xref linkend="Report-loc" /> и <xref linkend="OB-sett-loc" />).
+ Чтобы выполнить резервное копирование и перенеÑти вÑе ваши наÑтройки,
+ вы также должны Ñкопировать вÑе Ñти файлы.</para>
+
+ <table id="App-sett-loc"><title>ÐаÑтройки &app;</title>
+ <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>ÐžÐ¿ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑтема</entry>
+ <entry>Папка</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Unix</entry>
+ <entry>ÐаÑтройки &app; хранÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ð² <application>dconf</application>.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñа ваших наÑтроек вы можете иÑпользовать команды <command>dconf dump /org/gnucash/</command>
+ на Ñтарой машине и <command>dconf load /org/gnucash/</command> на
+ новой машине.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Mac OSX</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">~/Library/Preferences/gnucash.plist</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Windows</entry>
+ <entry>ÐаÑтройки ÑохранÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð² рееÑтре Windows: <filename class="directory">HKEY_CURRENT_USER/software/GSettings</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table id="Report-loc"><title>ÐаÑтройки отчетов</title>
+ <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>ÐžÐ¿ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑтема</entry>
+ <entry>Папка</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Unix</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">~/.gnucash</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Mac OSX</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">~/Library/Application Support/gnucash</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Windows</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">Documents and Settings/Username/.gnucash</filename> or
+ <filename class="directory">Users/Username/.gnucash</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table id="OB-sett-loc"><title>ÐаÑтройки онлайн-банкинга</title>
+ <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>ÐžÐ¿ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑтема</entry>
+ <entry>Папка</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Unix</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">~/.aqbanking</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Mac OSX</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">~/.aqbanking</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Windows</entry>
+ <entry><filename class="directory">Documents and Settings/Username/.aqbanking</filename></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Ð’ Unix и Mac OSX Ñти папки обычно не отображаютÑÑ Ð² файловом менеджере.
+ Ð’Ñ‹ необходимо наÑтоить файловый менеджер Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñкрытых файлов и
+ папок, чтобы вы могли их увидеть.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Ð’ Unix и Mac OSX Ñимвол <keycap>~</keycap> означает домашнюю папку.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+
+ <sect1 id="basics-together1">
+ <title>ОбъединÑÑ Ð²Ñе вмеÑте</title>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Ðтот раздел начинает практичеÑкое руководÑтво, которое будет
+ продолжатьÑÑ Ð½Ð° протÑжении вÑей книги. Ð’ конце каждой главы вы увидите
+ раздел <guilabel>ОбъединÑÑ Ð²Ñе вмеÑте</guilabel>, который проведет ваÑ
+ через примеры Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð»ÑŽÑтрации понÑтий, обÑуждаемых в Ñтой главе.
+ Каждый раздел <guilabel>ОбъединÑÑ Ð²Ñе вмеÑте</guilabel> оÑновываетÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+ предыдущем разделе, так что убедитеÑÑŒ, что вы Ñохранили ваш файл длÑ
+ легкого доÑтупа.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Давайте начнём!</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Во-первых, давайте Ñоздадим файл Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ñ… дейÑтвительных
+ данных. Откройте &app; и выберите
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu><guimenuitem>Ðовый файл</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ в <emphasis>главном меню</emphasis>. Ðтим вы запуÑтите маÑтер
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>,
+ который позволит вам Ñоздать неÑколько Ñчетов за раз.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы впервые запуÑкаете &app;,
+ то вы увидите Ñообщение <guilabel>Cannot find default values</guilabel>,
+ которое подробно опиÑано в Ñправочном руководÑтве
+ &app;.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>МаÑтер Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ иерархии Ñчетов</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðто изображение показывает первый Ñкран маÑтера
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Первый Ñкран маÑтера Ñодержит опиÑание того, что делает Ñтот маÑтер.
+ Ðажмите кнопку <guibutton>Вперёд</guibutton>, чтобы перейти к Ñледующему Ñкрану.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðа втором Ñкране выберите валюту Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ… Ñчетов в раÑкрывающемÑÑ
+ ÑпиÑке. Затем нажмите кнопку <guibutton>Вперёд</guibutton>.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>Валюта, которую вы выбрали здеÑÑŒ, будет приÑвоена вÑем
+ <guilabel>Ñчетам</guilabel>, Ñозданным в Ñтом маÑтере.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup-currency">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Currency.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Currency.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>МаÑтер Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ иерархии Ñчетов - Валюта</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðто изображение показывает второй Ñкран маÑтера
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>,
+ где вы можете выбрать валюту.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðа третьем Ñкране уÑтановите параметр <guilabel>ÐаÑтройки новой книги</guilabel>,
+ затем нажмите кнопку <guibutton>Вперёд</guibutton>.
+ Ð’Ñ‹ можете изменить Ñти параметры позже, иÑпользуÑ
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Файл</guimenu><guimenuitem>СвойÑтва</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ в <emphasis>главном меню</emphasis>.
+ Подробнее Ñти параметры опиÑаны в Ñправочном руководÑтве &app;,
+ в главе ÐаÑтройки GnuCash, Параметры книги.
+ <!-- TODO: Проверить название главы в Ñправочном руководÑтве -->
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-NewBookOptions">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_NewBookOpts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_NewBookOpts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>МаÑтер Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ иерархии Ñчетов - ÐаÑтройки новой книги</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтом изображении показан третий Ñкран
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>,
+ где вы можете уÑтановить параметры новой книги.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðа четвертом Ñкране выберите группу <guilabel>Общие Ñчета</guilabel>
+ на разделе <guilabel>Категории</guilabel>. Затем нажмите кнопку
+ <guibutton>Вперёд</guibutton>, чтобы продолжить.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>ЕÑли вы хотите, то вы можете выбрать здеÑÑŒ одну или неÑколько предопределенных
+ групп Ñчетов. Дополнительную информацию о типах Ñчетов вы найдетё в разделе
+ <xref linkend="accts-types1"></xref>.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup-Accounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Accounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Accounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>МаÑтер Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ иерархии Ñчетов - Выбор Ñчетов</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтом изображении показан четвертый Ñкран маÑтера
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>,
+ в котором вы можете выбрать различные Ñчета.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðа пÑтом Ñкране вы Ñможете указать <guilabel>начальное Ñальдо</guilabel>
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñчета, а также указать, должен ли Ñчет быть <guilabel>виртуальным</guilabel>.
+ ПоÑкольку Ñти функции будут опиÑаны в Ñледующих главах, оÑтавьте вÑе как
+ наÑтроено &app; и нажмите кнопку
+ <guibutton>Вперёд</guibutton>, чтобы открыть поÑледний Ñкран маÑтера.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup-Setup.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Setup.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Setup.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>МаÑтер Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ иерархии Ñчетов - ÐаÑтройки Ñчетов</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтом изображении показан пÑтый Ñкран маÑтера
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>, в котором вы
+ можете указать <guilabel>начальное Ñальдо</guilabel> Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñчета.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ðа поÑледнем Ñкране маÑтера нажмите <guibutton>Применить</guibutton>,
+ чтобы Ñоздать Ñчета Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¼Ð¸ наÑтройками и закрыть окно маÑтера.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup-Finish">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Finish.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup_Finish.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>МаÑтер Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ иерархии Ñчетов - Заключение</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтом изображении показан поÑледний Ñкран маÑтера
+ <guilabel>Создание новой иерархии Ñчетов</guilabel>.</para>
+ </caption>
+
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ПоÑле Ð½Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¿ÐºÐ¸ <guibutton>Применить</guibutton> в предыдущем окне
+ вам будет предÑтавлен диалог <guilabel>Сохранить как...</guilabel>.
+ Выберите <guilabel>формат данных</guilabel> <acronym>XML</acronym>,
+ <guilabel>назовите</guilabel> файл <filename>gcashdata_1</filename>,
+ выберите папку Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° (запомните Ñто,
+ потому что Ñтот файл будет иÑпользоватьÑÑ Ñ‚Ð°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ в других главах Ñтого руководÑтва)
+ и, наконец, нажмите кнопку <guibutton>Сохранить как</guibutton>.</para>
+
+ <para>Теперь ваше главное окно должно выглÑдеть примерно так:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="basics-EmptyAccounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_EmptyAccounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/basics_EmptyAccounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="DiMan" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Главное окно, показывающее теÑтовый файл</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_budgets.xml b/guide/ru/ch_budgets.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c209d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_budgets.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker at cox.net>
+ Author:
+ Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker at cox.net>
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <chapter id="chapter_budgets">
+ <title>Budgets</title>
+ <para>
+ This chapter explains how to create and use budgets with &app;.
+ </para>
+ <sect1 id="budget_concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>A budget is a tool for estimating expected income and expenses.
+ You can use it to help you plan how you intend for your finances to
+ change over a period of time, and to examine how your actual
+ financial transactions for the period compare to your planned
+ transactions.</para>
+
+ <para>The budgeting concept is quite general, so &app; offers a
+budgeting tool that is both simple and flexible. You, the user, have
+to decide how complex or simple you want to make your budget. This
+guide will help you make some of those decisions.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="budget_conceptsterms2">
+ <title>Terminology</title> <para>There are a few helpful terms listed
+ below that will be used to discuss budgeting.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Budget</emphasis> - A financial plan describing
+ the expected revenues and/or disbursements for a particular time
+ period</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Cash Budget</emphasis> - A budget planning for
+ expected cash receipts and cash disbursements. This type of
+ budget tracks cash flow -- where your money comes from, where it
+ goes, and, of course, how much.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Expense Budget</emphasis> - A budget chiefly for
+ planning what you spend your money on. This type of budget tracks
+ your expenses. It is typically not concerned with things like
+ appreciation or repayment of liabilities. However, it would
+ account for interest charges. For example, if you buy $100 worth
+ of groceries with your credit card, you incur an $100 expense for
+ groceries, and a $100 liability to your credit card company. When
+ you pay the credit card bill for $110, you are incurring an
+ additional interest expense of $10. An expense budget plans for
+ the transaction of buying the groceries and paying the interest,
+ but not the transaction of repaying the credit card
+ company.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Capital Budget</emphasis> - A budget that
+ describes a plan for paying for a large future expense, often
+ through a combination of saving and borrowing money. Note:
+ Capital budgets can sometimes get quite complex because they can
+ try to answer the question "Can we afford to do such-and-such?" by
+ exploring various hypothetical scenarios that can involve
+ hypothetical accounts. </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Budget Period</emphasis> - The period of time
+ during which the plan is expected to take place. The most common
+ budget periods are annual and monthly. Sometimes, you may budget
+ for several consecutive periods at once, for convenience or for
+ finer-grained planning. For example, an annual budget may include
+ 12 monthly budget periods.</para> </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="budget_creation1">
+ <title>Creating a Budget</title>
+ <para>Even before you begin to make a budget, it’s important to
+ have given some thought to your account hierarchy. For example, if
+ you want to budget a certain amount for your electric bill and a
+ certain amount for your water bill, you can’t have only an
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Utilities</emphasis> account. Your accounts must be at least as
+ specific as your budget. </para>
+
+
+ <sect2 id="budget_creation2">
+ <title>Choose Which Accounts To Budget For</title>
+ <para>The first step in creating a budget is to decide what it is
+ you want to plan for. This decision will affect which accounts
+ you include in your budget. For example, if you are only
+ interested in tracking your expenses, you may create an expense
+ budget by only entering amounts for expense accounts. On the
+ other hand, if you want to track all of your cash flow, you may
+ create a cash flow budget by entering amounts for asset,
+ liability, income and expense accounts.</para>
+
+ <para>Before you begin to create your budget, you need to make
+ two decisions: What accounts do I want to budget for? and When
+ do I want my budget to be for? You can always change your mind
+ later, after you’ve created a budget, but you need to start with
+ something.</para>
+
+ <tip><para>As a rule of thumb, if you mostly care about
+ <emphasis>what</emphasis> you spend your money on, you may want
+ to make an expense report. If you’re also concerned about having
+ enough money in the right places at the right times, you may want
+ to use a cash-flow budget.</para></tip>
+
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Choosing a Budget Period</title>
+ <para>Before creating a budget you must also decide what period of
+ time you want to plan for. The most common budget periods are
+ monthly and annual. If you want your budget to plan for changes
+ in financial patterns over time, then you should include multiple
+ budget periods in your budget. For example, if you want to plan
+ on having higher utility expenses in the winter than in the
+ summer, then you might break your annual budget into 4 quarters or
+ even 12 months, and budget a higher value for the winter periods
+ than for the summer periods.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Getting Started</title>
+ <para>To create your first budget click on <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Budget</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>New Budget</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. You will
+ immediately see a new budget with the default settings and no entries.
+ Then click on the <guibutton>Options</guibutton> button. The most important options are
+ the budget period and the number of periods. For the budget period,
+ choose the beginning date and the smallest period of time that you
+ want to plan for. Then, for the number of periods, choose how many
+ periods you want to plan for.</para>
+
+ <para>The budget page now shows a list of accounts with a column
+ for each budget period. The date shown in the title of each
+ column is the beginning of that budget period.</para>
+
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Entering Budget Values</title>
+ <para>Now, you must enter the budget values - the amounts that you
+ expect the account balances to change during the budget period.
+ There are two ways to enter budget values. The first way is to
+ simply click on the cell and enter an amount.</para>
+
+ <para>If you have past transactions recorded in &app;, the
+ second way is to let &app; estimate the budget values by looking
+ at those transactions. First, select the accounts you want
+ &app; to estimate. Then click on the <guibutton>Estimate</guibutton> <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> button.
+ In the <guilabel>Estimate Budget Values</guilabel> dialog, select the date past which
+ &app; should look for past transactions. &app; will start at
+ that date and look forward for the duration of your budget. For
+ example, if you are making an annual budget, and you select
+ Jan. 1, 2005, &app; will look at all the transactions in that
+ account from Jan. 1, 2005 through Dec. 31, 2005.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="budget_reporting1">
+ <title>Budget Reporting</title>
+ <para>You’ve already done the hardest part - creating your budget.
+ But now you want to know how your actual financial transactions
+ compare to your plan. You need to run the Budget Report.</para>
+ <para>Click on <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu><guisubmenu>Budget</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Budget Report</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. For each
+ account, the Budget Report will show the budgeted and the actual
+ amounts in two adjacent columns for each period in the budget. If
+ you have created multiple budgets, you can use the Budget Report
+ Options to select which budget to use in the report.
+ </para>
+ <para>Two other types of budget reports are commonly used in the
+ small business setting. They are the <emphasis>Budgeted Income
+ Statement</emphasis> and the <emphasis>Budgeted Balance
+ Sheet</emphasis>.</para>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Budgeted Income Statement</title>
+ <para>The budgeted income statement is similar to the income
+ statement. Both show the revenues and expenses for a given period
+ as well as the profit, which is the difference revenue - expenses.
+ The income statement is based on historical data, but the
+ <emphasis>budgeted</emphasis> income statement is based on the
+ predictions made in the budget.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Budgeted Balance Sheet</title>
+ <para>The budgeted balance sheet is similar to the balance sheet.
+ Both show the assets, liabilities, and equity. The difference is
+ that the balance sheet is based on historical data, and the
+ <emphasis>budgeted</emphasis> balance sheet is based on the
+ predictions made in the budget.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ </chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_bus_features.xml b/guide/ru/ch_bus_features.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40e3b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_bus_features.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1634 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 1.0.0
+ Last modified: Sep 19th 2015
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
+ Author:
+ Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
+ updated [FirstName LastName] <name at company.com>
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+
+<chapter id="chapter_bus_features">
+ <title>Business Features</title>
+ <sect1 id="bus-intro">
+ <title>Introduction to Business Features</title>
+ <para>The accounting needs of a business are quite different from that of
+ a person. Businesses have customers that owe money, vendors which are owed
+ money, employee payroll, more complex tax laws, etc. &app; offers
+ business oriented features to facilitate these needs.</para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Accounts Receivable</emphasis> (A/R) are used by businesses to record sales for
+ which they are not immediately paid. This is represented on the balance sheet as an asset,
+ because the expectation is that you will receive payment soon.
+ </para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>Accounts Payable</emphasis> (A/P) record bills that businesses have received, but may not pay until later.
+ This is represented on the balance sheet as a liability because you will have to pay for them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>A/R and A/P accounts are used primarily when you have a lot of bills and receipts
+ flowing in and out, and do not want to lose track of them just because you
+ do not pay or get paid right away. For most home users, A/R and A/P are
+ too complicated to be worthwhile.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="bus_setup">
+ <title>Business Setup</title>
+
+ <para>To set up &app; to handle accounts receivable or accounts payable
+ for a company, these preliminary steps must be done.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Build an appropriate Account Hierarchy.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set up Sales Tax Tables.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Enter the company information in &app;.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set Business Preferences.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set up Billing Terms.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-setupacct">
+ <title>Account Setup</title>
+
+ <para>There are many different ways to set up a business account
+ hierarchy. You can start with the Business Accounts setup which is
+ available from the New Account Hierarchy assistant, or you could build one
+ manually. To access the prebuilt Business Accounts, start &app; and
+ click on <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>New File</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and
+ proceed until you see the list of available accounts, select Business
+ Accounts.</para>
+
+ <para>The prebuilt Business Account hierarchy will not meet your needs
+ exactly. You will need make adjustments to the hierarchy so that it will
+ meet your particular needs. It should be close enough, however, that it
+ is recommended you begin with it.</para>
+
+ <para>To use &app;’s integrated accounts
+ receivable system, you must first set up a special account (usually a
+ sub-account under Assets) to hold transactions for receivables. This account
+ must be defined with account type <emphasis>A/Receivable</emphasis>.
+ &app; will use this account to place transactions
+ related to the integrated accounts receivable system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>To use &app;’s integrated accounts
+ payable system, you must first set up an account (usually a
+ sub-account under Liabilities) to hold transactions for payables.
+ This account must be defined with account type <emphasis>A/Payable</emphasis>.
+ &app; will use this account to place transactions
+ related to the integrated accounts payable system.
+ </para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
+
+-Assets
+ -Accounts Receivable
+ -Checking
+-Expenses
+ ...(as required)
+-Income
+ -Sales
+-Liabilities
+ -Accounts Payable
+ -Tax
+ -Tax on Purchases
+ -Tax on Sales
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>You need to add additional accounts to this hierarchy for it to be useful.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>You do not need to create an individual A/R account for each
+ customer. &app; keeps track of customers internally and provides
+ per-customer reports based on the internal tracking. The same applies to A/P and vendors.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ If you deal with customers in more than one currency you will need a separate
+ <guilabel>Accounts Receivable</guilabel> account <emphasis>for each currency</emphasis>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you deal with vendors in more than one currency you will need a separate
+ <guilabel>Accounts Payable</guilabel> account <emphasis>for each currency</emphasis>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <note>
+ <para>Transactions involving an Accounts Receivable or Accounts Payable account should not be
+ added, changed or deleted in any way other than by using Post/Unpost
+ Bill/Invoice/Voucher or Process Payment!
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-setuptaxtables">
+ <title>Setting up Sales Tax Tables</title>
+
+ <para>Sales Tax Tables can used to determine the tax for customer invoices (or vendor bills).
+ </para>
+
+ <para> A tax table entry can be assigned to an invoice line or bill line.</para>
+
+ <para>Set up distinct tax tables for customers and vendors.</para>
+
+ <para>The default invoice tax table entry can be assigned to each customer and the default bill
+ tax table entry can be assigned to each vendor.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The default tax table entry for new customers or new vendors can be specified in the <emphasis>Book Options</emphasis>
+ window which can be accessed by
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Properties</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Business tab.</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Sales Tax Tables are maintained using the <emphasis>Sales Tax Table</emphasis> editor which is accessed via menu
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sales Tax Table</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Sales Tax Tables Editor</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-taxmain">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_tax_main.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_tax_main.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Sales Tax Tables Editor</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Sales Tax Table Entry</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-taxnew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_tax_new.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Sales Tax Table Entry</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Name</guilabel> This is the tax table name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Type</guilabel> Either <guilabel>Percent %</guilabel> or <guilabel>Value $</guilabel>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Value</guilabel> This is the percentage or value depending on <guilabel>Type</guilabel>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Account</guilabel> This is the account to which tax will be posted.
+ For tax collected from customers, this should probably be a Liability account as it must be payed to the government.
+ For tax paid to vendors, if tax laws allow tax paid to vendors to offset tax collected from customers, this should probably
+ also be a Liability account (even though it will usually have a debit balance)
+ so that the net tax owed to the government can be easily observed.
+ </para>
+ <para>If you set up Tax on Purchases and Tax on Sales as subaccounts of Liabilities:Tax then the net tax will be rolled up
+ and can be seen in the &app; Accounts tab.
+ </para>
+ <para><emphasis>If unsure about tax law requirements, get professional advice. </emphasis></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>The following charts illustrate sample tax tables and
+ may be used as starting points to determine the setup
+ appropriate for a particular jurisdiction.</para>
+
+ <table frame='all' id="bus-tax-tbl-eu">
+ <title>Sample Tax Table Entries for EU country (e.g. 21% / 6%
+ / 0% Belgium, 20% / 5% / 0% UK etc.) (2017)</title>
+ <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Tax Table</entry>
+ <entry>Tax Table Entries [Asset/Liability]</entry>
+ <entry>Percentage or Amount</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Standard VAT Sales</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Sales:Standard [L]</entry>
+ <entry>21%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Reduced VAT Sales</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Sales:Reduced [L]</entry>
+ <entry>6%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Zero-Rated VAT Sales</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Sales:Zero [L]</entry>
+ <entry>0%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry morerows='1'>EC Sales</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Sales:EC [L]</entry>
+ <entry>21%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>VAT:Sales:Reverse EC [L]</entry>
+ <entry>-21%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Standard VAT Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Purchases:Standard [A]</entry>
+ <entry>21%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Reduced VAT Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Purchases:Reduced [A]</entry>
+ <entry>6%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Zero-Rated VAT Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>VAT:Purchases:Zero [A]</entry>
+ <entry>0%</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table frame='all' id="bus-tax-tbl-au">
+ <title>Sample Tax Table Entries for Australia (2017)
+ </title>
+ <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Tax Table</entry>
+ <entry>Tax Table Entries [Asset/Liability]</entry>
+ <entry>Percentage or Amount</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Standard GST Sales</entry>
+ <entry>GST:Sales:Standard [L]</entry>
+ <entry>10%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>GST-free Sales</entry>
+ <entry>GST:Sales:Zero [L]</entry>
+ <entry>0%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Standard GST Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>GST:Purchases:Standard [A]</entry>
+ <entry>10%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>GST-free Purchases</entry>
+ <entry>GST:Purchases:Zero [A]</entry>
+ <entry>0%</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table frame='all' id="bus-tax-tbl-us">
+ <title>Sample Tax Table Entries for Cook County, Illinois (2017)</title>
+ <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Tax Table</entry>
+ <entry>Tax Table Entries [Asset/Liability]</entry>
+ <entry>Percentage or Amount</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry morerows='3'>Chicago Sales Taxes</entry>
+ <entry>Taxes:Sales:State [L]</entry>
+ <entry>6.25%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Taxes:Sales:City [L]</entry>
+ <entry>1.25%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Taxes:Sales:County [L]</entry>
+ <entry>1.75%</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Taxes:Sales:Region [L]</entry>
+ <entry>1%</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-setupcname">
+ <title>Enter Company Information</title>
+
+ <para>After you have built the account structure and defined your tax tables, designate your
+ company in the &app; file. To do this, select the <guilabel>Business</guilabel> tab
+ in the <guilabel>Book Options</guilabel> window, which can be accessed from
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Entering Company Information</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-co-reg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_co_reg.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Company Information</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Here you can:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter the name of your company along with contact information
+ such as your phone number, fax number, e-mail address and website
+ URL.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter your company’s tax payer id number in the
+ <guilabel>Company ID</guilabel> field.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select default tax tables applicable to your most common
+ customers and vendors.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus_setup_pref">
+ <title>Setting Business Preferences</title>
+ <para>Set options on the Business tab of the &app; preferences, which is
+ accessed via <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on MacOS).
+ See Help manual chapter 10.3.3 Business Book Options Tab.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-setupterms">
+ <title>Setting Billing Terms</title>
+
+ <para>Billing Terms can be used to determine the payment due date and be a
+ guide for determining discount for early payment of invoices (or vendor bills).
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>As of &app; 2.6.7, Billing Terms are only
+ partially supported. Date due is calculated using the Billing Terms
+ but discount amount is not.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Discount for early invoice payment is not implemented. There are 2 ways this may be done, although neither is recommended, and
+ professional advice should be used to confirm that regulations are being complied with:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>After creating and posting a payment which pays the invoice in full, manually edit the payment transaction (usually strongly discouraged)
+ and split the payment to reduce it by the amount of the discount and create a compensating split in an income (discount) account.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Alternatively, after creating and posting a payment for the discounted amount, create a credit note for the discount using a specific negative
+ sales income (discount) account for the transfer account.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>You can specify the billing terms on each invoice/bill.
+ Invoice billing terms will default from the customer billing terms.
+ Bill billing terms will default from the vendor billing terms.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Billing Terms are maintained using the Billing Terms Editor which is accessed via menu
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guimenuitem>Billing Terms Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Billing Terms Editor</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-termsmain">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_terms_main.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Billing Terms Editor</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Billing Term</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-termsnew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_terms_new.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Billing Term</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Name</guilabel> The internal name of the billing term. For some examples of billing term names and descriptions see
+ <ulink url="&url-wiki-pmt-term;" />.
+ <!-- Translators, add a reference to a list of terms common in your language -->
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Description</guilabel> The description of the billing term, printed on invoices</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>There are 2 types of billing terms, with different information to be entered</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Type Days</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Due Days</guilabel> The invoice or bill is due to be paid within this number of days after the post date</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Discount Days</guilabel> The number of days after the post date during which a discount will
+ be applied for early payment
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Discount %</guilabel> The percentage discount applied for early payment</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Type Proximo</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Due Day</guilabel> The day of the month bills are due</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Discount Day</guilabel> The last day of the month for the early payment discount</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Discount %</guilabel> The discount percentage applied if paid early</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Cutoff Day</guilabel> The cutoff day for applying bills to the next month. After the
+ cutoff, bills are applied to the following month. Negative values
+ count backwards from the end of the month.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="bus_ar">
+ <title>Accounts Receivable</title>
+ <para>Accounts Receivable (or A/R) refers to products or services provided
+ by your company for which payment has not yet been received.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ar-components1">
+ <title>System Components</title>
+
+ <para>Transactions generated by the A/R system are recorded within the Accounts
+ Receivable account. <emphasis>You should not work directly with this account.</emphasis>
+ Instead, you will work with the four integrated &app; A/R application
+ components available through the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu></menuchoice> sub-menu. These four components are:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Customers</guilabel> are people or companies to whom
+ you sell products or services on credit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Invoices</guilabel> represent the physical invoice you
+ send to a customer to request payment. This invoice contains an
+ itemized list of things you sold.</para>
+ <para>In addition, GnuCash also has support for <guilabel>Credit Notes</guilabel>
+ which represent the inverse of Invoices. A credit note is usually handed to
+ a customer to correct items that were incorrectly invoiced or returned.</para>
+ <para>Both document types will be set up using the same menu items. Credit notes were introduced starting with
+ &app; stable release 2.6.0.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Jobs</guilabel> (optional) is where you register
+ Customer Jobs. Jobs are a mechanism by which you can group multiple
+ invoices to a particular customer.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Process Payments</guilabel> is used to register
+ payments you received from a customer.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ar-customers1">
+ <title>Customers</title>
+
+ <para>Customers are people or companies to whom you sell goods or
+ services. They must be registered within the A/R system.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-custnew2">
+ <title>New</title>
+
+ <para>To register a new customer, enter the menu <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>New Customer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. Fill in customer information, such as
+ Company Name, Address, Phone, Fax, etc.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Customer Registration Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-custnew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_custnew.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Customer Registration Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-custfind2">
+ <title>Find and Edit</title>
+
+ <para>To search for an existing customer, use the <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Find Customer</guimenuitem></menuchoice> window. You select a customer to
+ <guilabel>View/Edit</guilabel> from the results of the search. This
+ window is also used to look up customers when creating invoices and
+ processing payments.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Find Customer Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-custfind">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_custfind.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Find Customer Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>If many customers match the search criteria you provide, the
+ search can be refined by running an additional search within the current
+ results. The current result set is searched when the <guilabel>Refine
+ Current Search</guilabel> radio button is selected. In fact, &app;
+ selects this option for you after you run the initial search.</para>
+
+ <para>If the customer you are searching for does not match the supplied
+ search criteria, change the search criteria, click the <guilabel>New
+ Search</guilabel> radio button and then the <guilabel>Find</guilabel>
+ button. The relevant step is the <guilabel>New Search</guilabel>
+ selection. If the customer is not in the result of the original search,
+ and you only search within this set, the customer cannot be found,
+ regardless of new search criteria.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>To return a list of all registered active customers, set the
+ search criterion to <guilabel>matches regex</guilabel>, and place a
+ single dot "." in the text field area. Make sure <guilabel>Search only
+ active data</guilabel> is checked, then click
+ <guibutton>Find</guibutton>. The regular expression "." means to match
+ anything.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ar-invoices1">
+ <title>Invoices</title>
+
+ <para>An invoice is the paperwork you send to a customer to request
+ payment for products or services rendered. &app; can generate and track
+ invoices.</para>
+
+ <para>A credit note is the paperwork you send to a customer to correct
+ products or services rendered that were incorrectly invoiced. &app; can generate and track
+ credit notes via the same menu entries as invoices.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>This section applies to both invoices and
+ credit notes. In order to avoid repeating everything twice and to keep
+ the text easier to read it will refer only to invoices. You can apply
+ it equally to credit notes. Only where the behavior of credit notes
+ differs from invoices this will be explicitly mentioned.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-invoicenew2">
+ <title>New</title>
+
+ <para>To send an invoice to a customer you must first create the new
+ document. To create an invoice use <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>New Invoice</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The
+ New Invoice window must be filled in appropriately.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Creating a New Invoice</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoicenew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoicenew.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Creating a New Invoice</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>When you click the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the
+ <guilabel>Edit Invoice</guilabel> window opens.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-invoiceedit2">
+ <title>Edit</title>
+
+ <para>From the Edit Invoice window you can enter an itemized list of
+ goods and services you sold on this invoice in a manner similar to how the account
+ register works. For credit notes you enter an itemized list of goods and
+ services you refunded instead.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Edit Invoice Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoiceedit">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoiceedit.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Edit Invoice Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>When you have finished entering all the items, you can
+ <guilabel>Post</guilabel> and print the invoice.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-invoicepost2">
+ <title>Post</title>
+
+ <para>When you finish editing an invoice and are ready to print, you
+ must <guilabel>Post</guilabel> the invoice. The invoice does not have to
+ be posted immediately. In fact, you should only post an invoice when you
+ are ready to print it. Posting an invoice places the transactions in an
+ accounts receivable account.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Post Invoice Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoicepost">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoicepost.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Post Invoice Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-invoicefind2">
+ <title>Find</title>
+
+ <para>To find an existing invoice, use the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Find Invoice</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ menu item. From the results of the search, you can select an invoice
+ to edit or view.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Before you can edit a posted invoice, you will need to
+ <guilabel>Unpost</guilabel> it.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>One of the design goals in &app;’s Account Receivable system was
+ to allow different processes to get to the same state, so you can reach
+ an invoice from different directions based on the way you think about
+ the problem:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You can search for the customer first, then list their
+ invoices.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You can search for invoices by number or by company
+ name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You can list invoices associated with a customer job.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-invoiceprint2">
+ <title>Print</title>
+
+ <para>After you post an invoice, you should print it and send it to your
+ customer. To print an invoice use <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Print Invoice</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Invoice Print Output</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoiceprint">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoiceprint.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Invoice Print Output</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>You can modify the appearance of the invoice, IE: add a company
+ logo, etc. To do so, see the <xref
+ linkend="bus-ar-invoicechange" />.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Invoices can also be printed from the main window by selecting
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu><guisubmenu>Business Reports</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Printable Invoice</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the main menu. The
+ resulting report window states that no valid invoice is selected. To
+ select the invoice to print:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Use the <guibutton>Options</guibutton> <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> button or select
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Report Options</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from
+ the main menu.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab of the report
+ options dialog.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guibutton>Select</guibutton> button next to the
+ <guilabel>Invoice Number</guilabel> field.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Search for the invoice as usual.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>You can also print invoices from within the Process Payment
+ dialog. See the <xref linkend="bus-ar-payment1" /> for instructions on
+ how to do so.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ar-invoicestarting2">
+ <title>Assign Starting Invoice Number</title>
+
+ <para>By default, &app; starts with invoice number 1 and increments from there. You can
+ manually type an invoice number into the text box each time you create
+ an invoice, but this gets tiring and sooner or later leads to duplicate
+ numbers.</para>
+
+ <para>You can change the starting invoice number if it is important you.
+ Use <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, access
+ the <guilabel>Counters</guilabel> tab, change the <guilabel>Invoice number</guilabel> value to be
+ one less than your desired starting invoice number and click the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button or the
+ <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ar-jobs1">
+ <title>Customer Jobs</title>
+
+ <para>Customer Jobs are used to group multiple invoices and credit notes to the same
+ customer. Use of the Customer Jobs feature is optional. The feature is
+ useful when you have multiple <guilabel>jobs</guilabel> for the same customer, and would like
+ to view all the invoices and credit notes related to a single job.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Customer Job</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-jobnew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_jobnew.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Customer Job</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>To use customer jobs, you must create them using the <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>New Job</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. You will see the <guilabel>New
+ Job</guilabel> window.</para>
+
+ <para>To edit an existing customer job, use the <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Find Job</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. Select the desired job in the
+ search results, and click the <guilabel>View/Edit Job</guilabel>
+ button.</para>
+
+ <para>To select from the invoices and credit notes associated with a given job, use <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Find
+ Job</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. Select the desired job in the
+ search results and click the <guilabel>View Invoices</guilabel> button. A
+ window listing invoices and credit notes associated with this job appears. Select an
+ invoice or credit note and click the <guilabel>View Invoice</guilabel> button to open an
+ invoice editor in the main application window.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ar-payment1">
+ <title>Process Payment</title>
+
+ <para>Eventually, you will receive payment from your customers for
+ outstanding invoices. To register these payments, use the Process Payment
+ application found in <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Customer</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Process
+ Payment</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Process Customer Payment</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-payment">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_payment.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" width="510px" scalefit="0" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_payment.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Process Payment from Customer</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Process Payment from Customer</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ar-invoicechange">
+ <title>Changing the Invoice Appearance</title>
+
+ <para>The default Invoice style, as shown in <xref
+ linkend="bus-ar-invoiceprint2" />, is fairly barren. The default invoice
+ style leaves the top part of the form blank, so you can print on company
+ letterhead paper. There are some things you can do to change invoice
+ appearance.</para>
+
+ <para>Use <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to
+ enter your Company information in the <guilabel>Business</guilabel> tab of the <guilabel>Book Options</guilabel> window.
+ Some of the entered information is printed on the right side of invoices.</para>
+
+ <para>To add a customized background, heading banner or logo to invoices,
+ modify the invoice style sheets. To do this, go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Style Sheets</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and select the <guibutton>New</guibutton>
+ button in the <guilabel>Select HTML Style Sheet</guilabel> window that will appear.
+ You will then see a window like this:</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>The New Style Sheet Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoicechange1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoicechange1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Style Sheet Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Give a <guilabel>Name</guilabel> to the new style sheet (e.g. <guilabel>Custom Invoice</guilabel>) and select the
+ <guilabel>Fancy</guilabel> <guilabel>Template</guilabel>. When you click the
+ <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the <guilabel>HTML Style Sheet Properties</guilabel> window is
+ displayed. This window presents you five sections listed in the left pane: <guilabel>Colors</guilabel>, <guilabel>Fonts</guilabel>,
+ <guilabel>General</guilabel>, <guilabel>Images</guilabel>, and <guilabel>Tables</guilabel>. The <guilabel>Colors</guilabel>
+ section allows you to change the colors of various items of the invoice. The <guilabel>Fonts</guilabel> section lets you
+ set fonts type and dimensions. The <guilabel>General</guilabel> section allows you to set the <guilabel>Preparer</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>Prepared for</guilabel> information, and to <guilabel>Enable Links</guilabel>. The <guilabel>Images</guilabel> section allows you
+ to import graphics into the style sheet. The <guilabel>Tables</guilabel> section allows you to
+ adjust the spacing around the tables which make up the invoice.</para>
+
+ <para>To include a company logo, banner heading and background image, use
+ your favorite graphics application such as <application>The Gimp</application> or <application>OpenOffice Draw</application> to
+ save the images in either <acronym>GIF</acronym> or <acronym>PNG</acronym> format. Then import them into the
+ style sheet using the <guilabel>Images</guilabel> section described above.</para>
+
+ <para>Below is an example that imports all three types of images.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>HTML Style Sheets Example Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoicechange2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoicechange2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoicechange2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>HTML Style Sheets Example Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The <acronym>HTML</acronym> Style Sheets window with an example Background
+ Tile, Heading Banner, and Logo.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>The images are placed in the invoice as follows. The
+ <guilabel>Background Tile</guilabel> is tiled to become the background
+ image, the <guilabel>Heading Banner</guilabel> goes to above the invoice
+ text, and the <guilabel>Logo</guilabel> is placed in the upper left corner
+ of the invoice to the left of the Heading Banner. You will probably have
+ to try a few different sized images until you get the invoices to print
+ nicely. Some sizing suggestions are that the Logo should be 1 square cm
+ (~0.5 inch), and the Heading Banner should be 15 cm (~6 inches) wide and 1
+ cm (~0.5 inch) tall.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>With the style sheet configured, when you print the invoice, you
+ select the style sheet to use from the <guimenu>Options</guimenu> menu.
+ Below is the resultant invoice after applying the style sheet demonstrated
+ above.</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>HTML Style Sheets Example Output</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-invoicechange3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ar_invoicechange3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>HTML Style Sheets Example Output</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The hideous invoice which results from the graphics
+ selected in the style sheet.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="bus_ap">
+ <title>Accounts Payable</title>
+ <para>Accounts Payable (or A/P) refers to the accounting of products or services which a company has
+ bought and needs to pay for.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ap-components1">
+ <title>System Components</title>
+ <para>&app; has an integrated accounts payable system. The transactions generated by the A/P system are placed within the Accounts Payable account,
+ as a record of what occurs. Generally you do not directly work with this account but use the four integrated &app; A/P application components.
+ The A/P components are available from the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu></menuchoice> sub-menu. These A/P components are:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Vendors</guilabel> are people or companies from which you buy products or services on credit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Bills</guilabel> represent the physical bills vendors send to request payment from you. A bill contains an itemized list of things you purchased.</para>
+ <para>In addition, GnuCash also has support for <guilabel>Credit Notes</guilabel>
+ which represent the inverse of Bills. A credit note is usually received from
+ a vendor to correct items that were erroneously billed or returned.
+ </para>
+ <para>Both document types will be set up using the same menu items.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Jobs</guilabel> (optional) is where you register Vendor Jobs. Jobs are mechanism by which you can group multiple bills from a particular vendor.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Process Payments</guilabel> is where you register payments to a vendor to whom you owe money.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>The following sections introduce the individual Accounts Payable application components.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ap-vendors1">
+ <title>Vendors</title>
+ <para>A vendor is a company or person from whom you purchase goods or services. Vendors must be registered within the A/P system.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ap-vendornew2">
+ <title>New</title>
+ <para>To register a new vendor, select the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>
+ New Vendor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. Fill in general information about the vendor, such as Company Name, Address, Phone,
+ Fax, etc. Below is a list of the other options: </para> <para>This is what the New Vendor registration window looks like:
+ </para>
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Vendor Registration Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ap-vendornew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_vendornew.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Vendor Registration Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ap-vendorfind2">
+ <title>Find and Edit</title>
+
+ <para>To search for an existing vendor, use the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>
+ Find Vendor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> window. You select a vendor to <guibutton>View/Edit</guibutton> from the results of the search.
+ This window is also used to look up a vendor when entering bills and processing payments.
+ </para>
+ <figure>
+ <title>Find Vendor Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ar-vendorfind">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_vendorfind.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Find Vendor Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>If many vendors match the search criteria you provide, the
+ search can be refined by running an additional search within the current
+ results. The current result set is searched when the <guilabel>Refine
+ Current Search</guilabel> radio button is selected. In fact, &app;
+ selects this option for you after you run the initial search.</para>
+
+ <para>If the vendor you are searching for does not match the supplied
+ search criteria, change the search criteria, click the <guilabel>New
+ Search</guilabel> radio button and then the <guibutton>Find</guibutton>
+ button. The relevant step is the <guilabel>New Search</guilabel>
+ selection. If the vendor is not in the result of the original search,
+ and you only search within this set, the vendor cannot be found,
+ regardless of new search criteria.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>To return a list of all registered active vendors, set the search criterion to <guilabel>matches regex</guilabel>, and place a single dot <quote>.</quote> in the text field area. Make sure <guilabel>Search only active data</guilabel> is checked, then click <guibutton>Find</guibutton>. The regular expression <quote>.</quote> means to match anything.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ap-bills1">
+ <title>Bills</title>
+ <para>A bill is a request for payment you receive from a vendor. &app; can track bills.</para>
+
+ <para>A credit note is the document you receive from a vendor to correct
+ products or services rendered that you were incorrectly charged for on a bill. &app; can generate and track
+ credit notes via the same menu entries as bills.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>This section applies to both bills and
+ credit notes. In order to avoid repeating everything twice and to keep
+ the text easier to read it will refer only to bills. You can apply
+ it equally to credit notes. Only where the behaviour of credit notes
+ differs from bills this will be explicitly mentioned.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ap-billnew2">
+ <title>New</title>
+ <para>When you receive a bill from a vendor and want to enter it into &app;, you must create a new bill. To create a new bill use the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>New Bill</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item, and fill in the resulting window appropriately.</para>
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Bill Registration Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ap-billnew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_billnew.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Bill Registration Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>When you click the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button the <guilabel>Edit Bill</guilabel> window opens.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ap-billedit2">
+ <title>Edit</title>
+ <para>From the Edit Bill window you can enter an itemized list of
+ goods and services you purchased, in a manner similar to how the account
+ register works. For credit notes you enter an itemized list of goods and
+ services the vendor refunded instead.
+ </para>
+ <figure>
+ <title>Edit Bill Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ap-billedit">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_billedit.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Edit Bill Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>When you have finished entering all the items, <guilabel>Post</guilabel> the bill. </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ap-billpost2">
+ <title>Post</title>
+ <para>When you finish editing a bill, you should <guilabel>Post</guilabel> the bill. You do not have to post the bill,
+ you can close it and return to it later. You have to post the bill eventually. Posting a bill places its transactions into an accounts payable account.
+ The Post Bill window appears and asks you to enter information:
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Post Bill Window</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ap-billpost">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_billpost.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Post Bill Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-ap-billfind2">
+ <title>Find</title>
+ <para>To find an existing bill, use the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Find Bill</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. From the results of the search, you can select a bill to edit, or view.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>Before you can edit a posted bill, you will need to <guilabel>Unpost</guilabel> it.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>There are other ways to access an existing bill. These are similar to accessing invoices for your customers. See <xref linkend="bus-ar-invoicefind2" /> for more information.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ap-jobs1">
+ <title>Vendor Jobs</title>
+ <para>Vendor Jobs are used to group multiple bills and credit notes from a single vendor. Use of the vendor jobs feature is optional.
+ The feature is useful when you have multiple <guilabel>jobs</guilabel> for the same vendor, and would like to view all the bills and
+ credit notes for a single job.
+ </para>
+ <para>To use vendor jobs, you must create them using the
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>New Job</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice> menu item. You will see the <guilabel>New Job</guilabel> window.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>New Vendor Job</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ap-jobnew">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_jobnew.png" srccredit="Jon Lapham" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Vendor Job</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>To edit an existing vendor job, use the <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Find Job</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. Select the desired job in the
+ search results, and click the <guilabel>View/Edit Job</guilabel>
+ button.</para>
+
+ <para>To select from the bills associated with a given job, use <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Find Job</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item. Select the desired job in the
+ search results and click the <guilabel>View Invoices</guilabel> button. A
+ window listing bills and credit notes associated with this job appears. Select a
+ bill or credit note and click the <guilabel>View Invoice</guilabel> button to open a
+ bill editor in the main application window.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-ap-payment1">
+ <title>Process Payment</title>
+ <para>Eventually, you need to pay your bills. To do so, use the Process Payment application found in
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Process Payment</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Below is the &app; Accounts Payable payment window.</para>
+ <figure>
+ <title>Process Vendor Payment</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-ap-payment">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_payment.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_ap_payment.png" srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Process Payment to Vendor</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ <caption>
+ <para>Process Payment to Vendor
+ </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="bus_payroll">
+ <title>Payroll</title>
+ <para>Payroll is a financial record of wages, net pay, paid vacations, and deductions for an employee. This section demonstrates how to track payroll using &app;.</para>
+ <sect2 id="bus-payroll-concepts">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+ <para>Payroll is a financial record of wages, net pay, paid vacations, and deductions for an employee. Basically, anything that relates to giving money or benefits to an employee. Payroll is one of the more complex tasks in accounting, because there are many different accounts, people, and agencies involved in paying salaries.</para>
+ <para>Payroll is typically accounted for as an expense. Sometimes accountants <quote>store</quote> some payroll expenses in a short term liability account. This is useful for things such as payroll taxes, which may be paid at a different time than the employee. The employee might get paid biweekly, while taxes are paid quarterly. This chapter presents a methodology which expenses payroll immediately for salaries, but stores taxes in liability accounts.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>&app; does not have an integrated payroll system. While you can track payroll expenses in &app;, the calculation of taxes and deductions has to be done outside of &app;.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-payroll-acct">
+ <title>Account Setup</title>
+
+ <para>Local tax law must be considered when setting up accounts. Because there are many different ways payroll taxes are handled throughout the world, this section presents a very simple structure. From this, you should be able to adapt your particular payroll deductions setup.</para>
+ <para>Assume that you must pay 2 taxes, Tax1 and Tax2, and that each has an employee contribution and an employer contribution.</para>
+ <para>The employee’s salary and these two taxes are expense accounts. The tax components are liability accounts. The tax liability accounts are where you accumulate the taxes withheld for all of your employees. The taxes are later paid to the appropriate government agency.</para>
+ <para>
+ <literallayout>
+ Simple Payroll Account Layout:
+
+ -Assets
+ --Checking
+ -Liabilities
+ --Tax1 (short term <quote>storage</quote> account)
+ --Tax2 (short term <quote>storage</quote> account)
+ -Expenses
+ --Salaries
+ --Tax1
+ --Tax2
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Resist the temptation to create per-employee sub-accounts to track
+ individual salaries. Creating a sub-account for each employee leads to
+ unmanageably large lists of accounts. Imagine the account structure after
+ a few years of employees coming and going. It is much simpler to keep all
+ of your employees’ payroll records within a single account
+ (<emphasis>Expenses:Salaries</emphasis> for example) and use reports to
+ view per-employee information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The Transaction report can be used to sort and total by description or
+ memo (but not by part of them).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>To report salary transactions for a specific employee where the
+ employee name or code is entered in the transaction description or memo,
+ use the <guilabel>Find Transaction</guilabel> assistant
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Find</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>) to select the transactions, and then report on them
+ using <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu><guimenuitem>Account Report
+ </guimenuitem></menuchoice>. Further formatting or analysis may be done
+ by copying and pasting the report into a spreadsheet. See
+ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnucash-help?tool-find-txn">Find
+ Transaction</ulink> in the &app; Help Manual.</para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-payroll-protocol">
+ <title>Payroll Protocol Sample</title>
+ <para>&app; does not have an integrated payroll system. &app; can track your payroll expenses, but you need to develop a payroll protocol and perform the calculations outside of &app;, in a spreadsheet for example. In this section, one such protocol is presented. You can use the sample protocol as a model.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-pay-protocol-1">
+ <title>Step 1: Deductions list</title>
+ <para>The first step to the payroll protocol is to create a list of all the possible taxes and deductions for each employee. Each entry should include definitions and formulas for calculating each value. Once the protocol is established it needs to be changed only when payroll laws or tax rates change.</para>
+
+ <para>In the proposed scenario, such a list would look like this:</para>
+ <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>E_GROSS_SALARY</emphasis> - Employee gross salary</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>E_TAX1</emphasis> - Employee contribution to tax1 (X% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>E_TAX2</emphasis> - Employee contribution to tax2 (X% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>C_TAX1</emphasis> - Company contribution to tax1 (X% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>C_TAX2</emphasis> - Company contribution to tax2 (X% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ <para>The employee’s net salary (E_NET_SALARY) is defined as E_GROSS_SALARY - E_TAX1 - E_TAX2 and need not be placed in this list since it is composed of items that already exist.</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>Place the actual formulas for calculating each deduction in this list. Sometimes these formulas are quite complex, and sometimes they simply say "look it up in table XYZ of the tax codes".</para>
+ <para>Notice that you can calculate some interesting values using the above definitions. One such value is the total cost to the company: E_GROSS_SALARY + C_TAX1 + C_TAX2.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-pay-protocol-2">
+ <title>Step 2: Create the Transaction Map</title>
+ <para>When you record payroll in &app;, do so with a single split transaction. This split transaction populates the appropriate expense and liability accounts. If you need to look the payroll details at a later time, open the split transaction.</para>
+ <para>With the deductions list from above, an employee split transaction map can be generated. Each of the items in the list is mapped to a &app; account.</para>
+
+ <para>
+ <table id="bus-payroll-txn-tbl">
+ <title>Payroll Transaction Map</title>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry><entry>Increase</entry><entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Checking</entry><entry></entry><entry>E_NET_SALARY</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Salaries</entry><entry>E_GROSS_SALARY</entry><entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax1</entry><entry></entry><entry>E_TAX1</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax2</entry><entry></entry><entry>E_TAX2</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Tax1</entry><entry>C_TAX1</entry><entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax1</entry><entry></entry><entry>C_TAX1</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Tax2</entry><entry>C_TAX2</entry><entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax2</entry><entry></entry><entry>C_TAX2</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Note that the C_TAX1 and C_TAX2 components have entries in the both the liability and expense accounts. The company component of each tax is expensed at the time of payroll, but remains a liability until taxes are due.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-pay-protocol-3">
+ <title>Step 3: Pay the Employee</title>
+ <para>Go to the account from which the employee will be paid, for example your <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account. Open a split transaction and enter the real values using the Transaction Map above as a guide. Repeat this for all employees.</para>
+ <tip>
+ <para>This manual process is tedious, especially if you have a large number of employees.</para>
+ <para>One &app; tool you certainly want use when entering employee payroll is duplicate transaction (use the <guibutton>Duplicate</guibutton> <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> button). This saves you from having to enter all the transaction splits for each employee. You still need to change the amounts of money to match each employee’s real payroll values, but you will not have to build the split for each employee.</para>
+ <para>If payroll transactions do not change significantly every pay period, you can also use the duplicate transaction feature to duplicate each employee’s most recent payroll transaction for the current pay period. If you find you are doing so all the time, read about the Schedule Transactions feature and save even more time!</para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="bus-pay-protocol-4">
+ <title>Step 4: Pay the Government</title>
+ <para>The final thing to do is to pay the taxes to the government. The liability accounts have been collecting the taxes for various government agencies, and periodically you need to send a check to the government to pay this charge. To do so, you simply enter a 2 account transaction in (for example) your checking account to pay off the tax liability. The transaction is between the checking account and the liability account, no expense account is involved. The expense accounts are charged at the time the tax liability is recorded.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="bus-payroll-example">
+ <title>Business Payroll Example</title>
+ <para>Using the account setup seen previously, let’s go through an example. Assume that there are 2 employees (E1 and E2) who each earn $1000 per month gross salary. The employee contribution to Tax1 and Tax2 are 10% and 5% respectively. The company contribution to Tax1 and Tax2 are 15% and 10% each on top of the employee’s gross salary.</para>
+ <para>Starting with $50k in the bank, and before doing any payroll, the account hierarchy looks like this:</para>
+ <figure>
+ <title>Payroll Example: Initial Setup</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-pay-ex1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_pay_ex1.png"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Payroll Example 1</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>The deductions list for employee 1 are:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>E_GROSS_SALARY</emphasis> - Employee gross salary - <emphasis>$1000</emphasis></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>E_TAX1</emphasis> - Employee contribution to tax1 - <emphasis>$100</emphasis> (10% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>E_TAX2</emphasis> - Employee contribution to tax2 - <emphasis>$50</emphasis> (5% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>C_TAX1</emphasis> - Company contribution to tax1 - <emphasis>$150</emphasis> (15% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>C_TAX2</emphasis> - Company contribution to tax2 - <emphasis>$100</emphasis> (10% of E_GROSS_SALARY)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ <table id="bus-payroll-txn-empl-tbl">
+ <title>Payroll Transaction Map for Employee 1</title>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry><entry>Increase</entry><entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Checking</entry><entry></entry><entry>$850 (E_NET_SALARY)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Salaries</entry><entry>$1000 (E_GROSS_SALARY)</entry><entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax1</entry><entry></entry><entry>$100 (E_TAX1)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax2</entry><entry></entry><entry>$50 (E_TAX2)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Tax1</entry><entry>$150 (C_TAX1)</entry><entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax1</entry><entry></entry><entry>$150 (C_TAX1)</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Tax2</entry><entry>$100 (C_TAX2)</entry><entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Tax2</entry><entry></entry><entry>$100 (C_TAX2)</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>From the checking account, enter the split transaction for employee 1. It should look like this:</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Payroll Example: Employee Split Transaction</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-pay-ex2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_pay_ex2.png"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Payroll Example 2</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ <caption>
+ <para>The Split Transaction for Employee 1
+ </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>When paying employees, enter only the employee name in the Description area. If you decide to use &app;’s check printing capabilities, the check is automatically made out to the correct employee. If you want to record other information in the transaction besides the employee name, use the Notes area, available when viewing the Register in double-line mode.</para>
+ </tip>
+ <para>Repeat this for the second employee, which leaves the account hierarchy looking like this:</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Payroll Example: Accounts After Salaries Paid</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-pay-ex3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_pay_ex3.png"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Payroll Example 3</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Now, you will enter the company contributions. The <emphasis>Liabilities:Tax1</emphasis> and
+ <emphasis>Liabilities:Tax2</emphasis> accounts track how much you must pay to the
+ government for each tax type. When it is time to pay these agencies, you will
+ make a transaction from the checking account to these liability accounts.
+ No expense accounts are involved. The main account will then appear like this:</para>
+
+ <figure>
+ <title>Payroll Example: Accounts After Paying Government</title>
+ <screenshot id="bus-pay-ex4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bus_pay_ex4.png"
+ srccredit="Patrick Schweiger" format="PNG"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Payroll Example 4</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_capgain.xml b/guide/ru/ch_capgain.xml
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_capgain.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_capgain">
+ <title>Доходы от прироÑта капитала</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will present some of the techniques used to keep track of
+ the unrealized and realized gains and losses, better known as capital gains
+ and losses.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="capgain_concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will present some of the techniques used to keep track
+ of the unrealized and realized gains and losses, better known as capital
+ gains and losses.</para>
+
+ <para>Certain resellable assets can change value over time, such as
+ stocks, bonds, houses, or cars. Some assets (eg: a stock) could increase
+ in value, some (eg: a car) could decrease in value. It is important to be
+ able to track some of these time-dependent asset valuations, this chapter
+ will show you how.</para>
+
+ <para>Probably everything you own will increase or decrease in value over
+ time. So, the question is for which of these assets should you track this
+ changing value? The simple answer is that you only need to track this for
+ items which could be sold for cash in the future or which relate to
+ taxation.</para>
+
+ <para>Consumable and disposable items (eg: food, gas for your car, or
+ printer paper) are obviously not involved. Thus, even though the new
+ clothes you recently bought will certainly depreciate, you would not want
+ to track this depreciation since you have no intention of reselling the
+ clothes and there is no tax implications to the depreciation on clothing.
+ So, for this example, the purchase of new clothes should be recorded as a
+ pure expense... you spent the money, and it is gone.</para>
+
+ <para>Asset appreciation occurs when something you own increases in value
+ over time. When you own an asset which has increased in value, the
+ difference between the original purchase price and the new value is known
+ as <emphasis>unrealized gains</emphasis>. When you sell the asset, the
+ profit you earn is known as <emphasis>realized gains</emphasis> or
+ <emphasis>capital gains</emphasis>. An example of an asset from which you
+ could have unrealized gains, and eventually capital gains, is stock in a
+ publicly traded company.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="capgain_value1">
+ <title>Estimating Valuation</title>
+
+ <para>As mentioned in the introduction to this chapter, capital gains are
+ the profits received from the sale of an asset. This section will describe
+ how to record capital gains in &app;.</para>
+
+ <para>The accounting methods for handling asset appreciation differs
+ somewhat from depreciation because typically you are only concerned with
+ the moment you sell the asset and realize the capital gains. This is
+ opposed to the continuous nature of tracking depreciation. Capital gains
+ are an important subject in the world of taxation, because governments
+ tend to be quite interested in taxing capital gains in one manner or
+ another.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>As always, there are exceptions. If you hold a bond that pays all
+ of its interest at maturity, tax authorities often require that you
+ recognize interest each year, and refuse this to be treated as a capital
+ gain. Consult the appropriate tax codes to determine the preferred
+ treatment for each type of asset you have which may be affected by
+ capital gains taxes.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Estimating the increasing value of assets is generally not simple,
+ because often it is difficult to know its exact value until the moment it
+ is sold.</para>
+
+ <para>Securities traded daily on open markets such as stock exchanges are
+ possibly the easiest type of asset to predict the value of, and selling
+ the asset at market prices may be as simple as calling a broker and
+ issuing a Market Order. On the other hand, estimating the value of a house
+ is more difficult. Homes are sold less often than stocks, and the sales
+ tend to involve expending considerable effort and negotiations, which
+ means that estimates are likely to be less precise. Similarly, selling a
+ used automobile involves a negotiation process that makes pricing a bit
+ less predictable.</para>
+
+ <para>Values of collectible objects such as jewelry, works of art,
+ baseball cards, and <quote>Beanie Babies</quote> are even harder to estimate. The
+ markets for such objects are much less open than the securities markets
+ and less open than the housing market. Worse still are one-of-a-kind
+ assets. Factories often contain presses and dies customized to build a
+ very specific product that cost tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars;
+ this equipment may be worthless outside of that very specific context. In
+ such cases, several conflicting values might be attached to the asset,
+ none of them unambiguously correct.</para>
+
+ <para>The general rule of thumb in accounting for estimating unrealized
+ gains (or loses) is that you should only revalue assets such as stocks
+ which are readily sellable and for which there are very good estimates of
+ the value. For all other assets, it is better to simply wait until you
+ sell them, at which time you can exactly determine the capital gains. Of
+ course, there is no hard rule on this, and in fact different accountants
+ may prefer to do this differently.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="capgain_accounts1">
+ <title>Account Setup</title>
+
+ <para>As with most accounting practices, there are a number of different
+ ways to setup capital gains accounts. We will present here a general
+ method which should be flexible enough to handle most situations. The
+ first account you will need is an <emphasis>Asset Cost</emphasis> account
+ (&app; account type <guilabel>Asset</guilabel>), which is simply a place where you record
+ the original purchase of the asset. Usually this purchase is accomplished
+ by a transaction from your bank account.</para>
+
+ <para>In order to keep track of the appreciation of the asset, you will
+ need three accounts. The first is an <emphasis>Unrealized Gains</emphasis>
+ asset account in which to collect the sum of all of the appreciation
+ amounts. The <emphasis>Unrealized Gains</emphasis> asset account is balanced by a
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gains</emphasis> income account, in which all
+ periodic appreciation income is recorded. Finally, another income account
+ is necessary, called a <emphasis>Realized Gains</emphasis> in which you
+ record the actual capital gains upon selling the asset.</para>
+
+ <para>Below is a generic account hierarchy for tracking the appreciation
+ of 2 assets, <emphasis>ITEM1</emphasis> and <emphasis>ITEM2</emphasis>. The <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:ITEM1:Cost</emphasis> accounts are
+ balanced by the <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis> account,
+ the <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:ITEM1:Unrealized Gains</emphasis>
+ accounts are balanced by the <emphasis>Income:Unrealized Gains</emphasis> account (similar for <emphasis>ITEM2</emphasis>).</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets
+ -Current Assets
+ -Savings Account
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -ITEM1
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+ -ITEM2
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+-Income
+ -Realized Gains
+ -Unrealized Gains
+ </literallayout>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="capgain_example1">
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <para>Let’s suppose you buy an asset expected to increase in value, say a
+ Degas painting, and want to track this. (The insurance company will care
+ about this, even if nobody else does.)</para>
+
+ <para>Start with an account hierarchy similar to that shown in <xref
+ linkend="capgain_accounts1" />, but replace <quote>ITEM1</quote> with <quote>Degas</quote> and you
+ can remove the <quote>ITEM2</quote> accounts. We will assume that the Degas painting
+ had an initial value of one hundred thousand dollars. Begin by giving your
+ self $100,000 in the bank and then transferring that from your bank
+ account to your <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</emphasis> account (the asset
+ purchase transaction). You should now have a main account window which
+ appears like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="capgain_appmain">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_appmain.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Asset Appreciation Main Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The asset appreciation example main window
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <sect2 id="capgain_exampleunrealized2">
+ <title>Unrealized Gains</title>
+
+ <para>A month later, you have reason to suspect that the value of your
+ painting has increased by $10,000 (an unrealized gain). In order to
+ record this you transfer $10,000 from your <emphasis>Accrued Gains</emphasis> income account
+ (<emphasis>Income:Unrealized Gains</emphasis>) to your asset Unrealized Gains account
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gain</emphasis>). Your main window will
+ resemble this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="capgain_app2main">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app2main.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Asset Appreciation Main Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts after unrealized
+ gain</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="capgain_examplesell2">
+ <title>Selling</title>
+
+ <para>Let’s suppose another month later prices for Degas paintings have
+ gone up some more, in this case about $20,000, you estimate. You duly
+ record the $20,000 as an unrealized income like above, then decide to
+ sell the painting.</para>
+
+ <para>Three possibilities arise. You may have <emphasis>accurately
+ estimated</emphasis> the unrealized gain,
+ <emphasis>overestimated</emphasis> the unrealized gain, or
+ <emphasis>underestimated</emphasis> the unrealized gain.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Accurate estimation</emphasis> of unrealized
+ gain.</para>
+
+ <para>Your optimistic estimate of the painting’s value was correct.
+ First you must record that the profits made are now realized gains,
+ not unrealized gains. Do this by transferring the income from the
+ <emphasis>Income:Unrealized Gains</emphasis> to the
+ <emphasis>Income:Realized Gains</emphasis> account.</para>
+
+ <para>Secondly, you must credit your bank account with the selling
+ price of the painting. This money comes directly from your
+ <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas</emphasis> sub-accounts. Transfer the full
+ <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</emphasis> value into
+ <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis>, and the full
+ <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gain</emphasis> into
+ <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>These transactions should now appear as follows:</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Turning an Accrued Gain into a Realized Gain</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Transfer to</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Transaction Amount</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Account Total</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Income:Realized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>$30,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>$100,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>$30,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <para>This leaves the <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis> account
+ with a total of $130000 and <emphasis>Income:Realized Gains</emphasis> with a total of
+ $30000.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="capgain_app3main">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app3main.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Asset Appreciation Main Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts after realized
+ gain</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Over estimation</emphasis> of unrealized
+ gain.</para>
+
+ <para>You were over-optimistic about the value of the painting.
+ Instead of the $130000 you thought the painting was worth you are only
+ offered $120000. But you still decide to sell, because you value
+ $120000 more than you value the painting. The numbers change a
+ little bit, but not too dramatically.</para>
+
+ <para>The transactions should now appear as follows (observe the
+ last transaction which balances the <emphasis>Unrealized Gains</emphasis>
+ accounts):</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Turning an Accrued Gain into a Realized Gain</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Transfer to</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Transaction Amount</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Account Total</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Income:Realized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>$20,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$10,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>$100,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>$20,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$10,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Income:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>$10,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <para>This leaves the <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis> account
+ with a total of $120000 and <emphasis>Income:Realized Gains</emphasis> with a total of
+ $20000.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Under estimation</emphasis> of unrealized
+ gain.</para>
+
+ <para>You manage to sell your painting for more than you thought in
+ your wildest dreams ($150,000). The extra value is, again, recorded
+ as a gain, i.e. an income.</para>
+
+ <para>The transactions should now appear as follows (observe the
+ last transaction which balances the Unrealized Gains
+ accounts):</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Turning an Accrued Gain into a Realized Gain</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Transfer to</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Transaction Amount</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Account Total</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Income:Realized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>$50,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$-20,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>$100,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>$50,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$-20,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Unrealized Gains</entry>
+
+ <entry>$20,000</entry>
+
+ <entry>$0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <para>This leaves the <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Savings Account</emphasis> account
+ with a total of $150,000 and <emphasis>Income:Realized Gains</emphasis> with a total of
+ $50,000.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="capgain_tax1">
+ <title>Taxation</title>
+
+ <para>Taxation policies vary considerably between countries, so it is
+ virtually impossible to say anything that will be universally useful.
+ However, it is common for income generated by capital gains to not be
+ subject to taxation until the date that the asset is actually sold, and
+ sometimes not even then. North American home owners usually find that when
+ they sell personal residences, capital gains that occur are exempt from
+ taxation. It appears that other countries treat sale of homes differently,
+ taxing people on such gains. German authorities, for example, tax those
+ gains only if you owned the property for less than ten years.</para>
+
+ <para>Chris Browne has a story from his professional tax preparation days
+ where a family sold a farm, and expected a considerable tax bill that
+ turned out to be virtually nil due to having owned the property before
+ 1971 (wherein lies a critical <quote>Valuation Day</quote> date in Canada) and due to
+ it being a dairy farm, with some really peculiar resulting deductions. The
+ point of this story is that while the presentation here is fairly simple,
+ taxation often gets terribly complicated...</para>
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_cbook.xml b/guide/ru/ch_cbook.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46f4709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_cbook.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: December 7th 2009
+ modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Alex Aycinena <alex.aycinena at gmail.com>
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_cbook">
+ <title>Ð§ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐºÐ°</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will give you all the specific information you need to
+ manage your checkbook with &app;. Managing your checkbook register is the
+ first step of tracking your finances, and &app; makes it much easier to
+ manage than the traditional paper register does.</para>
+
+ <para>For one thing, as discussed in <xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref>,
+ data entry of common
+ transactions is practically done for you in &app;, because of its
+ auto-completion feature. &app; keeps a running balance of each account,
+ and it makes reconciling these accounts easy. And the double-entry method
+ helps you account for your spending by requiring a transfer account for
+ withdrawals, so you can easily find out how much money you spend in
+ different areas.</para>
+
+ <para>Once you are comfortable with using &app; for your checking and
+ other bank accounts, you may wish to continue on with tracking other
+ financial accounts. Chapters 6 through 9 examine methods to manage your
+ other accounts.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="cbook-accounts1">
+ <title>Setting up Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>The first step in managing your checkbook is to set up the necessary
+ accounts. You can either use the default &app; accounts or set up your
+ own. For more detail on how to set up a new account, refer to
+ <xref linkend="accts-examples-toplevel2"></xref>.
+ For instructions on importing your accounts from another program, refer to the
+ &app; manual.</para>
+
+ <para>Let’s start with the bank accounts you’ll need. You need one &app;
+ bank type account for each physical bank account you wish to track. If you
+ are setting up your own accounts or using the default &app; accounts,
+ make sure that you have an opening balance transaction for each bank
+ account you own. The easiest way to get this number is to use the balance
+ from your last bank statement as your opening balance. You can enter this
+ in the account information window automatically as part of the
+ <guilabel>New Account Hierarchy Setup</guilabel> assistant, or you can enter a
+ manual transaction directly in the account. To enter the transaction
+ manually, enter a transfer from an <guilabel>Opening Balances</guilabel>
+ account (type equity) to the bank account.</para>
+
+ <para>The typical bank accounts you might track include:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Checking - any institutional account that provides check-writing
+ privileges.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Savings - an interest-bearing institutional account usually used
+ to hold money for a longer term than checking accounts.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Common transactions that affect these bank accounts are payments and
+ deposits. <emphasis>Payments</emphasis> are transfers of money out of the
+ bank account, usually to an expense account. <emphasis>Deposits</emphasis>
+ are transfers of money into the bank account, usually from an income
+ account. You will need to set up income and expense accounts to track
+ where that money comes from and where it goes. Remember that a balanced
+ transaction requires a transfer of an equal sum of money from at least one
+ account to at least one other account. So if you deposit money in your
+ checking account, you must also enter the account that money comes from.
+ If you pay a bill from your checking account, you must also enter the
+ account where that money goes.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cbook-deposits1">
+ <title>Entering Deposits</title>
+
+ <para>Most deposit transactions are entered as a transfer from an income
+ account to a bank account. Income may come from many sources, and it’s a
+ good idea to set up a separate income type account for each different
+ source. For example, your income may come mainly from your paychecks, but
+ you may also receive interest on your savings. In this case, you should
+ have one income account for salary and another income account for interest
+ income.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Be sure to check the Tax-Related box and assign an appropriate tax
+ category in the Income Tax Information Dialog (<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Tax
+ Report Options</guimenuitem></menuchoice>)
+ when you set up taxable income accounts. Some types of income,
+ such as gift income, may not be considered taxable, so check the
+ appropriate tax rules to determine what is taxable. For ways to track
+ capital gains income, refer to <xref linkend="chapter_capgain"></xref>.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>Before you start entering paycheck deposits, decide how much detail
+ you want to track. The basic level of detail is to enter your net pay,
+ just like you would in your paper register. This is easiest, but you can
+ get even more information out of &app; if you enter your gross pay with
+ deductions. It takes a bit more effort to enter the deductions, but
+ entering your tax withholding information throughout the year allows you
+ to run useful tax status reports in &app; at any time. These reports can
+ help you determine whether you are withholding enough tax, and they can
+ help you estimate your tax bill ahead of time. If you are unsure about the
+ level of detail, start by entering net pay. You can always go back and
+ edit your transactions later if you decide you want more detail.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cbook-withdrawals1">
+ <title>Entering Withdrawals</title>
+
+ <para>When you withdraw money from your bank account, for whatever reason,
+ you are transferring money from your bank account to some other location.
+ In &app;, this other location is tracked as an account. The more
+ detailed accounts you create and use for your spending, the more
+ information you will get about where your money goes.</para>
+
+ <para>Withdrawals take many forms. ATM withdrawals are one of the most
+ common transactions. Writing checks is one way to withdraw money to pay
+ bills, to buy purchases, or to give to charity. Depending on your bank,
+ you might also have service charges, where the bank withdraws the money
+ from your account. Transfers of money out to another account are also
+ withdrawals. We will take a look at each of these types of withdrawals and
+ how to record them in &app;.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="cbook-atm2">
+ <title>ATM/Cash Withdrawals</title>
+
+ <para>Cash withdrawals are handled as a transfer from a bank account to
+ a cash account. &app; provides special <emphasis>Cash</emphasis> type
+ accounts for tracking your cash purchases, so you should set up a cash
+ account to record your ATM and other cash withdrawals.</para>
+
+ <para>Cash accounts can be used for different levels of detail. On a
+ basic level of detail, you simply transfer money to it from your
+ checking account. That tells you how much money you took out of checking
+ on a given day, but it doesn’t tell you where that cash was spent. With
+ a little more effort, you can use the cash account to record your cash
+ purchases as well, so that you can see where that cash went. You record
+ these purchases as a transfer from the cash account to expense
+ accounts.</para>
+
+ <para>Some people record every cash purchase, but this takes a lot of
+ work. An easier way is to record the purchases for which you have
+ receipts, but then adjust the balance of the account to match what is in
+ your wallet.</para>
+
+ <para>It’s a good idea to at least set up a cash account for your
+ withdrawals. Then if you decide to track where your cash goes, you can
+ enter transactions for the money you spend. You determine what level of
+ detail you want to use.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cbook-reconacct1">
+ <title>Reconciling Your Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>&app; makes reconciliation of your bank account with your monthly
+ bank statement much easier. <xref linkend="txns-reconcile1"></xref>
+ gives instructions on how to
+ reconcile your transactions with the monthly bank statement. This is the
+ main reconciliation task that should be done every month.</para>
+
+ <para>But what about all those other accounts you created? Should those be
+ reconciled too? If you receive a statement for the account, then you
+ should consider reconciling that account. Examples include the checking
+ account statement, the savings account statement, and the credit card
+ statement. Credit card statements and credit card transactions are covered
+ in the <xref linkend="chapter_cc"></xref>, so if you are interested in
+ tracking your credit cards in &app;, take a look at the instructions
+ provided there.</para>
+
+ <para>Income and expense accounts are usually not reconciled, because
+ there is no statement to check them against. You also don’t need to
+ reconcile cash accounts, for the same reason. With a cash account, though,
+ you might want to adjust the balance every once in a while, so that your
+ actual cash on hand matches the balance in your cash account. Adjusting
+ balances is covered in the next section.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cbook-together1">
+ <title>Putting It All Together</title>
+
+ <para>In <xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref>, you entered some transactions
+ in your checking account. In this chapter, we will add more transactions and
+ then reconcile them.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-open2">
+ <title>Opening Balances</title>
+
+ <para>So, let’s get started by opening the gcashdata file you saved in the
+ last chapter (<filename>gcashdata_4</filename>). Your chart of accounts
+ should look like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-gcashdata4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_gcashdata4.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Chart of Accounts</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-transactions">
+ <title>Add some transactions</title>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now open the <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account from the main window. In the last
+ chapter, you entered some paycheck transactions as deposits into
+ Checking. Now we will enter another kind of deposit - a transfer of
+ money from Savings into Checking. On a blank line, enter a transaction
+ to transfer $500 from <emphasis>Savings</emphasis> to <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> (In this case, the last
+ transaction date was March 28, but this transfer transaction took
+ place on the March 24). Your Transfer account will be <emphasis>Savings</emphasis>, since
+ you are in the <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account. Your <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account should now look
+ like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-transferin">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_transferin.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Checking Account Register.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s write some checks on this account. First, write a
+ check to HomeTown Grocery for $75 (5th of March). Your transfer account
+ is <emphasis>Groceries</emphasis>, since all of this money is going to buy groceries. Next,
+ write a check to ABC Hardware for $100 (6 of March), and split this
+ amount between two expenses: <emphasis>Household</emphasis> $50 and <emphasis>Tools</emphasis> $50. You will
+ need to create an <emphasis>Expense</emphasis> type account for each of these, then enter
+ splits for them. Your checking account should now look like
+ this;</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-checkexamp">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_checkexamp.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Checking Account Register after
+ registering some more checks.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Suppose you now need to withdraw some money. You don’t have a
+ cash account set up in your chart of accounts, so you will need to
+ create one. Create the account as <guilabel>Cash</guilabel> as a
+ top-level account of type <guilabel>Asset</guilabel>. From your
+ <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account register, enter an ATM type withdrawal to transfer
+ $100 from <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> to <emphasis>Cash</emphasis> on the 25 of March.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-atm">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_atm.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Checking Account Register with an ATM
+ withdrawal.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-reconcile">
+ <title>Opening Balances</title>
+
+
+ <para>Now we are ready to reconcile this <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account, using this
+ sample bank statement:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-bankstmt">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_bankstmt.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>A sample Bank Statement</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows a sample Bank Statement.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Reconcile</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the menu, and fill
+ in the Closing balance as $1451.79. Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to begin reconciling the
+ account. Check off the entries as they appear on the sample statement.
+ When you have checked off all your entries, the reconcile window
+ should look like this:
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-reconexamp">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_reconexamp.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The reconcile window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the reconcile window with a $5
+ difference.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Notice that your reconciled balance differs from your ending
+ balance by $5.00. If you look at the sample bank statement, you will
+ see there is a $5.00 service charge that has not been added to your
+ <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>So click on the <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> register and add the $5.00 service
+ charge to your <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account. On a blank line of the <emphasis>Checking</emphasis>
+ register, enter a transaction to transfer $5.00 from <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> to a
+ <emphasis>Service Charges</emphasis> account. (You will need to create the <emphasis>Service Charges</emphasis>
+ account as type <guilabel>Expense</guilabel>.) Use the transaction date printed on the
+ sample statement as the date you enter for this transaction. Your
+ <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> account should now look like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-servch">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_servch.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Checking Account Register with
+ service charge added.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click back on the Reconcile window, and you should see the
+ service charge now under <guilabel>Funds Out</guilabel>. Click on it to mark it as
+ reconciled, and note that the difference amount below now becomes
+ 0.00. Click the <guibutton>Finish</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> to complete the
+ reconciliation. The Reconcile R column in your <emphasis>Checking</emphasis> register
+ should now show <guilabel>y</guilabel> for each transaction you just
+ reconciled. Also observe the bottom status row that now indicates
+ <guilabel>Reconciled: USD 1451.79</guilabel></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-reconciledCheckAct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_reconciledCheckAct.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the reconciled Checking Account
+ Register.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-save">
+ <title>Save file</title>
+
+ <para>Go back to the main window and save your file with the new
+ <filename>gcashdata_5</filename> name. Your chart of accounts is
+ steadily growing, and it should now look like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-chartaccts5">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_chartaccts5.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Chart of Accounts</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-reports">
+ <title>Reports</title>
+
+ <para>As we did in the previous chapter, let’s have a look at a
+ <guilabel>Cash Flow</guilabel>, and a <guilabel>Transaction</guilabel> Report.
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>First let’s have a look at the <guilabel>Cash Flow</guilabel> report
+ for the month of March.</para>
+ <para>Select the cash flow report from <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Cash Flow</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-puttoget2-Cash">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_CashFlow.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Cash Flow report for the month of March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Cash Flow report after
+ <xref linkend="chapter_cbook"></xref>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s have a look at corresponding transaction report for the various
+ Asset accounts.
+ </para>
+ <para>Select the transaction report from <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Transaction Report</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-puttoget2-TransactionRptChecking">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_TransactionRptAssets.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transaction Report for the Assets accounts during March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Transaction Report for the Assets accounts
+ during March.
+ </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s change the transaction report to only show the various
+ <emphasis>Expenses</emphasis> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-puttoget2-TransactionRptExpenses">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_TransactionRptExpenses.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transaction Report for the Expenses accounts during March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Transaction Report for the various Expense accounts
+ during March.
+ </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+
+
+ <para>Notice that you have not yet used one of the accounts listed in your
+ chart, the <guilabel>Credit Card</guilabel> account. Now that you know how
+ to keep track of your bank and cash accounts in &app;, you may want to
+ start tracking your credit cards as well. &app; provides a special type
+ of account for credit cards, and this is discussed in the next
+ chapter.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_cc.xml b/guide/ru/ch_cc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2b7181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_cc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_cc">
+ <title>Кредитные карты</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will show you how to manage your credit cards using
+ &app;.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="cc-concepts1">
+ <title>Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>Since you probably write a check or make an electronic payment to
+ the credit card company each month, you may think of your credit card bill
+ as an expense - but it really is not an expense. Why? A credit card
+ account is a short-term loan - you buy things on that loan account, and
+ then you eventually have to pay back the money, often with interest (your
+ finance charge). The purchases you make with that credit card are your
+ expenses.</para>
+
+ <para>You have a couple of options when entering credit card transactions,
+ so choose the one that fits your desired level of detail. The simplest
+ method is to simply track monthly payments to the credit card company.
+ From your bank account, you enter a transfer of money each month to the
+ credit card expense account. This will show you the amount of money you
+ are paying each month to the credit card company, but it won’t show you
+ any information about your credit card balance or credit card
+ purchases.</para>
+
+ <para>A more complete way to track your credit card in &app; is to enter
+ each purchase and payment as a separate transaction. Using the credit card
+ account register, you enter your receipts throughout the month. When your
+ credit card statement arrives, you reconcile the credit card account to
+ the statement, and you enter your payment as a transfer of money from your
+ checking account to your credit card account. This method gives you more
+ information about your balance during the month and points out any
+ discrepancies during reconciliation, but you will have to do more data
+ entry.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cc-accounts1">
+ <title>Setting Up Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>To begin managing your credit cards in &app;, you should set up a
+ <guilabel>Liability</guilabel> top level account and under this parent account create credit
+ card type accounts for each credit card you use. If you are tracking only
+ the payments you make to the credit card company, then all you need is a
+ bank account and a credit card account to enter your transactions.</para>
+
+ <para>The charges you make on your credit card are expenses, so you will
+ have to set up these accounts under the top-level account called
+ <guilabel>Expenses</guilabel>. If you decide to keep a more detailed records of your
+ purchases, you will need to create expense accounts for each kind of
+ purchase you make. Since you will also be reconciling the balance to your
+ credit card statements, you should also enter an opening balance in each
+ credit card account. The easiest way to do this is to use your last
+ statement balance as the opening balance.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-accounts-simple2">
+ <title>Simple Setup</title>
+
+ <para>If you do not want to track each expense made on the credit card,
+ you can set up a simple account hierarchy like this:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets
+ -Bank
+-Liabilities
+ -Credit Card
+-Expenses
+ -Credit Card
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>In this example, if you enter your total amount charged per month
+ as a transaction between <emphasis>Liabilities:Credit Card</emphasis> and
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Credit Card</emphasis>. When you make a payment, you would
+ enter a transaction between <emphasis>Assets:Bank</emphasis> and
+ <emphasis>Liabilities:Credit Card</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>The obvious limitation of this simple credit card setup is that
+ you cannot see where your money is going. All your credit card expenses
+ are being entered in the Credit Card expense account. This is, however,
+ very simple to set up and maintain.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-accounts-complete2">
+ <title>Complete Setup</title>
+
+ <para>If you want to track your expenses more completely, you should
+ set up multiple expense accounts named for the various kinds of expenses
+ you have. Each charge on your credit card is then entered as a separate
+ transaction between your Credit Card liability account and a specific
+ expense account. Below is an example of an account hierarchy for
+ this:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets
+ -Bank
+-Liabilities
+ -Credit Card
+-Expenses
+ -Food
+ -Car
+ -Clothes
+ -Entertainment
+ -Interest
+ -Service
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>Clearly, you should enter specific expense accounts which fit your
+ spending habits. The only difference with this setup as compared to the
+ simple setup is that the expenses have been subdivided by groups. Also
+ notice that there is an <quote>Interest</quote> expense, this is used for when your
+ credit card charges interest on your monthly unpaid balance. The
+ <quote>Service</quote> expense account is used to track service expenses associated
+ with the credit card, such as the yearly usage fee if it exists. With
+ this setup, you will be able to see where your money goes every month,
+ grouped according to the expense accounts.</para>
+
+ <para>The rest of this chapter will assume you are using the complete
+ setup.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cc-entercharge1">
+ <title>Entering Charges</title>
+
+ <para>Entering your charges provides you with a more complete picture of
+ your spending habits. Charges on a credit card are tracked as a
+ transaction between the credit card liability account and the appropriate
+ expense account.</para>
+
+ <para>When you pay for goods or services with your credit card, you are telling the credit card company to pay the merchant for you. This transaction will increase the amount of money you owe the credit card company, and the credit card balance will increase. The other side of these transactions will in most cases be an expense account. For example, if you buy clothing from a store with your credit card for $50, you would be transferring that money from the credit account into Expenses:Clothing.</para>
+
+ <para>Entering these transactions into &app; allows you to track how much you owe the credit card company, as well as provides you a better picture of your overall accounts. It also allows you to monitor your account and ensure that fraud is avoided.</para>
+
+ <para>Adding transactions to a credit card account is similar to entering transactions in other accounts. You can enter them manually, or import them from your credit card company using a compatible import format.</para>
+
+ <para>For assistance with entering transactions, see Chapter 6 of the Help manual and <xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref>.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cc-enterpay1">
+ <title>Entering Payments</title>
+
+ <para>Most payments to your credit card bill are entered as transfers from
+ a bank account (asset) to the credit card account (liability). When you
+ pay the monthly bill, you are withdrawing money from a bank account to pay
+ down the credit card balance. This transaction decreases both your bank
+ account balance and the amount of credit card debt you owe.</para>
+
+ <para>When you return a purchase, you receive a refund on your credit
+ card. This is another type of payment in that it decreases the amount of
+ credit card debt you owe. If you recorded the original purchase
+ transaction as a transfer from the credit card account to the expense, you
+ now simply reverse that transaction: transfer the money back from the
+ expense to the credit card account. This transaction decreases both the
+ expense account balance and the credit card account balance. For example,
+ if you originally recorded a credit card purchase of clothing, the
+ transaction is a transfer from the credit card account to the clothing
+ expense account. If you then return that clothing for a refund, you simply
+ transfer the money back from the clothing expense account to the credit
+ card account.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>A common mistake is to enter a refund as income. It is not income,
+ but rather a <quote>negative expense</quote>. That is why you must transfer money
+ from the expense account to your credit card when you receive a
+ refund.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>To clarify this, let’s run through an example. You bought some jeans
+ for $74.99 on your VISA card, but realized one day later that they are too
+ big and want to return them. The shop gracefully agrees, and refunds your
+ credit card.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Start with opening the previous datafile we stored
+ (<filename>gcashdata_5</filename>), and store it as
+ <filename>gcashdata_6</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the <emphasis>Liabilities:Visa</emphasis> account register
+ and enter a simple 2 account transaction to pay the $74.99 jeans
+ purchase. The <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> account should be
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> and you
+ <guilabel>Charge</guilabel> your <emphasis>Visa</emphasis> account with the $74.99.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Since we had not created the <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account
+ previously, &app; will prompt us to create it. Just remember to
+ create it as an <guilabel>Expense</guilabel> account</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter the refund in one of the following way.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter the same transaction as the purchase transaction, but
+ instead of a <quote>Charge</quote> amount, use a <quote>Payment</quote> amount in the Credit
+ Card account register.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select the purchase transaction you want to refund (that is
+ the Jeans transaction in our case), and selecting
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Transaction</guimenu><guisubmenu>Add Reversing
+ Transaction</guisubmenu></menuchoice>. Modify the date as needed.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>After reversing the transaction, your credit card account should
+ look something like this:</para>
+ <screenshot id="cc-Reversing-Transaction-1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_Reversing_Transaction_1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Refunded a credit card purchase</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows <emphasis>Liability:Credit Card</emphasis> -
+ Register after reversing a purchase
+ transaction.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>And the <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> register should
+ look something like this:</para>
+ <screenshot id="cc-Reversing-Transaction-2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_Reversing_Transaction_2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Refunded a credit card purchase</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis>
+ register after reversing a purchase transaction.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Save the &app; data file.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="cc-together1">
+ <title>Putting It All Together</title>
+
+ <para>Now that we have covered the basic ideas behind the various
+ transactions you must make to successfully track your credit card in
+ &app;, let’s go through an example. In this example, we will make credit
+ card purchases, refund two of the purchases, get charged interest on
+ the unpaid balance, reconcile the credit card account, and finally make a
+ partial payoff of the credit card.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-puttoget-openfile">
+ <title>Open &app; file</title>
+
+ <para>Start with opening the previous datafile we stored,
+ <filename>gcashdata_5</filename>, and store it as
+ <filename>gcashdata_6</filename> directly. The main window should look
+ something like this: </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-accounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_accounts.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Starting account structure</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Starting account structure for tracking a credit card in the
+ putting it all together example.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-together-purchases2">
+ <title>Purchases</title>
+
+ <para>Let’s make some purchases on our visa card. Start by buying $25
+ worth of food from the Greasy Spoon Cafe, $100 worth of clothing from
+ Faux Pas Fashions, $25 worth of gasoline from Premium Gasoline, $125
+ worth of groceries and household items from Groceries R Us (split
+ between $85 in groceries and $40 in household items) and finally, $60
+ worth of household items from CheapMart.</para>
+
+ <para>We also redo the exercise in previous chapter, with purchasing
+ a pair of Jeans for $74.99 on April 3, and refund them two days later.</para>
+
+ <para>The register window for the credit card liability should look like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-purchases">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_purchases.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Initial credit card purchases</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Initial credit card purchases.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-together-refund2">
+ <title>Refund</title>
+
+ <para>Now suppose that on April 15th you return the clothes you bought
+ on April 11th from Faux Pas Fashions and they give you credit back on
+ your credit card. Enter a transaction for the credit card refund for the
+ full $100 amount. Remember to use the same transfer account you used for
+ the original purchase, and enter the amount under the Payment column.
+ &app; will automatically complete the name and transfer account for
+ you, but it will also automatically enter the $100 in the Charge column.
+ You will need to reenter the amount in the Payment column. The
+ transaction looks like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-refund">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_refund.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Item return transaction</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Returning clothes to Faux Pas Fashions, refund to credit
+ card.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-together-interest2">
+ <title>Interest Charge</title>
+
+ <para>After the month of spending, unfortunately, the credit card bill
+ arrives in the mail or you access it on-line through the internet. You
+ have been charged $20 in interest on the last day of April because of
+ the balance you carried from the previous month. This gets entered into
+ the credit card account as an expense.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-interest">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_interest.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Interest charge</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Interest charge.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-together-reconcile2">
+ <title>Reconciliation</title>
+
+ <para>When your credit card bill arrives you should reconcile your
+ credit card account to this document. This is done using &app;’s
+ built-in reconciliation application. Highlight the credit card account
+ and click on <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Reconcile...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. This reconciliation procedure is
+ described in detail in the <xref linkend="txns-reconcile1"></xref>,
+ but we will step
+ through the process here as well. For this example, let’s assume that
+ the credit card statement is dated May 1st, with a final balance of
+ $455. Enter these values in to the initial Reconcile window as shown
+ here.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-reconcile-init">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_reconcile_init.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Initial reconcile window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Initial account reconciliation window.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>During the reconciliation process, you check off each transaction
+ in the account as you confirm that the transaction appears in both your
+ &app; account and the credit card statement. For this example, as
+ shown in the figure below, there is a $300 difference between your
+ &app; accounts and the credit card statement.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-reconcile">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_reconcile.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Main reconcile window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Main account reconciliation window, demonstrating a
+ discrepancy of $300.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Some investigation uncovers that you forgot to record a payment
+ you made on March 5th to the credit card company for $300, you
+ must enter this payment transaction from your bank account to the credit
+ card. Now the credit card statement and your &app; account can be
+ reconciled, with a balance of $455.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-together-payment2">
+ <title>Payment</title>
+
+ <para>Assuming you have completed reconciliation of your credit card
+ account, you need to make a payment to the credit card company. In this
+ example, we owe $455 but will make a partial payment of $300 again this
+ month. To do so, enter a transaction from your bank account to the
+ credit card account for $300, which should reduce your credit card
+ balance to $155. Your credit card account register should now appear
+ like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-payment">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_payment.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Reconciliation and payment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Account register after account reconciliation and
+ payment.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Go back to the main window and save your file
+ (<filename>gcashdata_6</filename>). Your chart of accounts is steadily
+ growing, and it should now look like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-final">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_final.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>&app; main window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>&app; Chart of Accounts after account reconciliation and
+ payment.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-puttoget-save">
+ <title>Save file</title>
+ <para>Last, save the &app; data file (<filename>gcashdata_6</filename>).</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="cc-puttoget-reports">
+ <title>Reports</title>
+
+ <para>As we did in the previous chapters, let’s have a look at a
+ <guilabel>Cash Flow</guilabel>, and a <guilabel>Transaction</guilabel> Report.
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>First let’s have a look at the <guilabel>Cash Flow</guilabel> report
+ for the liability account <guilabel>Visa</guilabel> during the month of March.</para>
+ <para>Select the cash flow report from <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Cash Flow</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-puttoget2-Cash">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_CashFlow.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Cash Flow report for the month of March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Cash Flow report after
+ <xref linkend="chapter_cc"></xref>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s have a look at corresponding transaction report for the Visa
+ account.
+ </para>
+ <para>Select the transaction report from <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Transaction Report</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-puttoget2-TransactionRptVisa">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_TransactionRptVisa.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transaction Report for the Visa account during March/April</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Transaction Report for the Visa account
+ during March/April.
+ </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s change the transaction report to only show the various
+ Expenses accounts.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="cc-puttoget2-TransactionRptExpenses">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cc_TransactionRptExpenses.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transaction Report for the Expenses accounts during April</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>This image shows the Transaction Report for the various Expense accounts
+ during April.
+ </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_currency.xml b/guide/ru/ch_currency.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e163084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_currency.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: December 6, 2016
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Updated Geert Janssens <janssens-geert at telenet.be>
+ Revised David T. <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_currency">
+ <title>Мультивалютные операции</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will show how to set up &app; accounts to use
+ multiple currencies.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="currency_concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>&app; supports over a hundred currencies, from the Andorran Franc
+ to the Zimbabwe Dollar. For example, you can have a bank account set up in Euros, and
+ another using Hong Kong Dollars.</para>
+
+ <para>Some of the issues which arise when using multiple currencies are, how
+ do you transfer funds between accounts with different currencies? How do
+ you calculate the overall value when you have mixed currency accounts? How
+ do reports deal with mixed currencies?</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>An alternative way to manage multiple currency accounts from the one
+ presented in the next sections, is to use the <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts
+ capabilities of &app;. This feature, which was
+ introduced with &app; version 2.3.14, can be enabled by
+ going to the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab under <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
+ Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ <para>For a complete guide on <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts, see
+ <foreignphrase><ulink url="&url-selinger;accounting/tutorial.html">
+ &tit-sel-tut;</ulink></foreignphrase> by Peter Selinger.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="currency_acct1">
+ <title>Account Setup</title>
+
+ <para>Your default account currency is set in the <guilabel>Account</guilabel> tab
+ under <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>&appname;</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on MacOS).</para>
+
+ <para>Similarly, &app; offers an option to
+ set your preferred currency for displaying reports (like the balance
+ sheet and income statement). The option is called <guilabel>Default
+ Report Currency</guilabel>, and is in the <guilabel>Reports</guilabel>
+ tab of the <guilabel>&appname; Preferences</guilabel> screen.
+ You’ll want to set both options when you start using
+ &app; because if (for example) your accounts
+ are all in Canadian Dollars but the generated reports are all in US
+ Dollars, the reports will just say that there are <quote>no
+ data/transactions (or only zeroes) for the selected time
+ period</quote>.</para>
+
+ <para>When you create a new account, you have the option to define the
+ commodity in which that account is denominated. For accounts denominated
+ in a currency, you can specify any of the currencies supported by &app;
+ by simply selecting it from the currency commodity list. You will notice
+ that the default currency is the currency that is defined for the parent
+ account of the new account.</para>
+
+ <para>As an example, let’s set up a bank account scenario where
+ you mostly work in US Dollars, but do also have a European bank account
+ using the Euro currency, as well as one bank account in Hong Kong using
+ Hong Kong Dollars. So, set up 3 bank accounts, one denominated in US Dollars,
+ one using Euros, and the third in Hong Kong Dollars. One possible account
+ structure for this would be:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets (USD)
+ -Current Assets (USD)
+ -US Bank (USD)
+ -European Bank (EUR)
+ -HK Bank (HKD)
+-Equity (USD)
+ -Opening Balances (USD)
+ -USD (USD)
+ -EUR (EUR)
+ -HKD (HKD)
+ </literallayout>
+ <note><para>The currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.</para></note>
+
+ <para>Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent
+ accounts are set to USD. Of course, if you mostly work in Euros, you could
+ change the currency of these parent accounts to EUR. The totals shown in
+ the account tree window will always be converted to the currency of each
+ particular account. Notice, we also set up 3 Starting Balances equity
+ accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>You could also set up just a single Starting Balance account and
+ use a currency transfer to populate the <quote>different currency</quote> accounts.
+ However, this is more advanced option, which is explained in a later
+ section (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2" />).</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with
+ USD 10,000, EUR 10,000 as well as HKD 10,000 in the three bank accounts.
+ Notice that the total of the parent accounts only shows the value of the
+ currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies. In other words, the
+ Total Assets and Total Equity values only reflect USD amounts, because &app;
+ has no way of evaluating the value of EUR or HKD yet. Once you set up
+ exchange rates between the currencies, the parent accounts
+ will calculate the converted value of all sub-accounts. See the later
+ section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1" />) on ways to do this.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_main1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Initial setup of 3 bank accounts with different
+ currencies. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Notice that the "Total (Report)" column is being displayed. This is
+ configured in the column header row, select <guibutton>Arrow
+ down</guibutton> and select <quote>Total(USD)</quote>.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_acct_user2">
+ <title>User-Defined Currencies</title>
+
+ <para>Usually when we talk about currencies, we mean
+ government-backed currencies (or more precisely, currencies defined
+ in <ulink
+ url="&url-wp-ru;ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink>).
+ &app; does not allow you to create your
+ own currencies. If you want to track non-<acronym>ISO</acronym>
+ currencies, you can use either of two workarounds, depending on which
+ fits your needs better.</para>
+
+ <para>The <emphasis role="strong">first method</emphasis> is to treat these as if they were a security—that
+ is, like a stock or mutual fund. The second method is to use one of the <quote>dummy</quote>
+ currencies for them.</para>
+
+ <para>Let’s say for example that you want to track loyalty points
+ you’ve earned by buying from a certain group of businesses. The
+ account which tracks your loyalty points will be
+ <emphasis>Assets:Other:LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>In the first method, you define a new security, of type <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>,
+ called RewardMiles. This is pretty straightforward—when you
+ create the new <emphasis>LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis> account, just set the account
+ type to <guilabel>Stock</guilabel> or <guilabel>Mutual
+ Fund</guilabel>, click the <guibutton>Select...</guibutton> button
+ next to the <guilabel>Security/currency:</guilabel> box, and click
+ <guibutton>New</guibutton> to define a new security of type
+ <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <para>This is not really what the stock and mutual fund account types
+ are meant for, but &app; will allow it. The downside is
+ that you’ll have to enter a <quote>price</quote> for every
+ transaction involving this account, because
+ &app; needs the prices to figure out the
+ monetary value of the points and treat them as one of your
+ assets.</para>
+
+ <para>In the <emphasis role="strong">second method</emphasis>, you use one of the dummy
+ currencies to track the loyalty points. These currencies are
+ <quote>XTS (Code for testing purposes)</quote> and <quote>XXX (No
+ currency)</quote>. If you use one of these for your
+ LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles account, you can enter transactions into the
+ account without having to enter share prices for every transaction.
+ And, you can keep using the same two dummy currencies to track all
+ sorts of amounts—vacation dollars earned and used so far this
+ year, vacation hours earned and used, health insurance benefits
+ allowance used and remaining, and so on.</para>
+
+ <para>The drawback with this second method is that you cannot define exchange rates for
+ the dummy currencies to convert them to <acronym>ISO</acronym>
+ currencies. If you want to do that, you really should use the first
+ method.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="currency_howto1">
+ <title>Recording and Updating Currency Exchange Rates</title>
+
+ <para>&app; allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates
+ both manually and automatically. This process is essentially the
+ same as setting share prices for investments (see <xref linkend="invest-stockprice1"/>).
+ In the following two sections we will work through both methods.</para>
+
+ <para>Before we start, let’s have a quick look at the Chart of
+ Accounts</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_main1a">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Initial set up of 3 bank accounts with different
+ currencies. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ <para>As you see, the overall balances do not yet reflect any value for EUR
+ or HKD holdings. Adding currency exchange rates will fix this.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_howto_Manual">
+ <title>Manually Updating Exchange Rates</title>
+
+ <para>Open the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_peditor">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Price Editor Window. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Click on the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add a new
+ currency exchange rate. A window will appear in which you can set up a new
+ exchange rate. This window should appear like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_addcurr">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_addcurr.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Set up Euro Exchange Rate</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Add Price Editor Window</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para> Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to
+ Currency and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to EUR (Euro).
+ Then set the exchange rate between the selected security and the
+ selected currency. The price box defines how many units of currency are
+ required to purchase one unit of the security. In this case, how many dollars
+ it will take to purchase on Euro. In this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1
+ EUR for 1 USD.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The Price Editor window after setting the exchange
+ rate between Euros and US Dollars</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_main2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart of Accounts</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts after setting the exchange rate
+ between Euros and US Dollars.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Observe that since you have no exchange rate for HKD, &app;
+ doesn’t convert the HKD accounts to USD. This will be added in the next
+ section.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_howto_Auto">
+ <title>Automatic Updating Exchange Rates (How-To)</title>
+
+ <para>In the previous section you saw how to manually define a
+ new currency exchange rate, but &app; includes an
+ automatic price update feature, which will now be described.</para>
+
+ <para>Open the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_BeforeGetOnline">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Price Editor Window before you obtain online quotes.
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Click on the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button to
+ automatically load the various exchange rates you need.</para>
+
+ <note><para>
+ If the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button is disabled,
+ that means that the <application>Perl</application> module <application>Finance::Quote</application> is not installed.
+ For information on how to install it, please see
+ <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" ></xref>
+ </para></note>
+
+ <para><screenshot id="currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Price Editor Window after we obtained online
+ quotes. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot></para>
+
+ <para>&app; downloads exchange rates for all
+ currencies that are in use in your various accounts. This will happen
+ every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or request &app;
+ to download quotes as per <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" /></para>
+
+ <para>Now when you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that
+ &app; has automatically converted the HKD amount to USD amount on the
+ parent accounts that are in USD, as well as on the Total (USD) column.
+ Also the Euro accounts have been been updated with the latest exchange
+ rate.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_main3.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Geert Janssens" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para> Chart of Accounts after we obtain online quotes.
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="currency_howto_disable">
+ <title>Disabling Exchange Rate Retrieval</title>
+ <para>Whenever you create an account that uses a non-default currency,
+ exchange rate retrieval will be automatically enabled for that currency.
+ However, if you later delete that account, &app; will not automatically
+ disable exchange rate retrieval for that currency.</para>
+ <para>If you have deleted the last account for a particular currency, and
+ you do not wish to retrieve exchange rates for that currency anymore, do
+ the following:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the Securities window by selecting
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Security
+ Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Make sure the <guilabel>Show National Currencies</guilabel> box
+ is selected.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Expand the CURRENCY row.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Double click on the currency for which you want to disable
+ exchange rate retrieval.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Deselect the <guilabel>Get Online Quotes</guilabel> box and
+ click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="currency_purchase1">
+ <title>Recording Purchases in a Foreign Currency</title>
+
+ <para>Purchases in a foreign currency can be managed in two different ways.</para>
+
+ <para>1) Use &app;'s built-in currency exchange functions when you
+ do your transactions. This is mainly used for one-time transactions, and
+ nothing which happens regularly.</para>
+
+ <para>2) Use separate accounts to track transactions, where all involved
+ accounts use the same currency. This is the recommended method, since it
+ allows much better tracking and follow up. In this way, you do one
+ currency exchange transaction, and after that you do normal
+ transactions in the native currency.</para>
+
+ <para>The rest of this section will explain more based upon option 2).</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_purchase2">
+ <title>Purchase of an Asset with Foreign Currency</title>
+
+ <para>You are using USD as your default currency. But, you decide to purchase a
+ boat in Jamaica. To do this, you opened a bank account in Jamaica, moved some
+ money from the US, and then purchased your boat.</para>
+
+ <para>To record this in &app; we use the following basic account
+ structure:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets (USD)
+ -Current Assets (USD)
+ -US Bank (USD)
+ -Jamaican Bank (JMD)
+ -Fixed Assets (USD)
+ -Boat (JMD)
+-Equity (USD)
+ -Opening Balances (USD)
+ -USD (USD)
+ </literallayout>
+ <note><para>The currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.</para></note>
+
+ <para>First you need to transfer some money ($10,000) to Jamaica, and
+ you use your US bank account (with a balance of $100,000) for
+ that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of USD 1 = JMD 64, but charges
+ you USD 150 to transfer the money.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Currency transfer</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Transfer money to Jamaica</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Select the Jamaica transaction line ($9,850.00), right click and
+ select <guilabel>Edit Exchange Rate</guilabel></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Edit Exchange rate</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>A dialog window where the exchange rate in a currency
+ transaction is specified</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>As Exchange Rate, you enter 1 USD = 64 JMD, since this is the rate
+ your bank gave. Press ok in the Transfer Funds (Edit Exchange Rate)
+ window, and then save this split transaction. Below is how it now looks
+ in the main Chart of Accounts.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart of Accounts before purchasing the boat</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts before purchasing the
+ boat</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>You choose to buy a boat for JMD 509,000. To record this transaction
+ in &app;, you will need to enter a simple
+ transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis>
+ withdrawing JMD 509,000 and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Boat</emphasis></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart of Accounts after purchasing the boat</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts after purchasing the
+ boat</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ <para>The Chart of Accounts now reflects that your bank account has been
+ reduced by JMD 509,000, and that your Fixed Assets boat account has been
+ increased by the same amount. If you also have turned
+ on the CoA (Column Choice) "Total (USD)" you will see the corresponding
+ value in USD. The USD value will always reflect the latest currency exchange
+ rate you have either automatically or manually retrieved.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_purchase3">
+ <title>Purchasing Foreign Stocks</title>
+
+ <para>This example will show how to purchase stocks that are priced in a
+ currency other than your primary currency.</para>
+
+ <para>Assume that you live in New York and therefore you have set the
+ default currency to USD. You decide to purchase a stock traded in Hong
+ Kong that is priced in HKD. You would also like to be able to track the
+ various income and expense amounts per stock and broker.</para>
+
+ <para>You decide to purchase stock in the Beijing Airport (Hong Kong).
+ The ticker for this stock is 0694.HK on Yahoo! Since you wanted to
+ track all various income and expense amounts, here is the necessary
+ account structure:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK (0694.HK)
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank (HKD)
+Equity:Opening Balances:HKD (HKD)
+Expenses:Commissions:Boom.0694.HK (HKD)
+Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>The Chart of Accounts looks like this after creating all the
+ needed accounts:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart of Accounts for international stocks</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts for international
+ stocks</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The stock definition can be seen in the Security Editor.
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenu>Security Editor</guimenu></menuchoice>)
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>International securities</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>International securities</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage
+ cash account (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), do so
+ now, either using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account
+ (Currency Transfer).</para>
+
+ <para>There are two ways to enter the actual purchase transaction: you can
+ enter it from the cash account (shown below), or you can enter it
+ from the stock account. <emphasis>If entered from the stock account, the stock is
+ assumed to be priced in the currency of the parent account</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>Let’s assume that the stock price is HKD 3 per share. To record the
+ purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
+ the following:</para>
+<bridgehead renderas='sect4'>Buy Stocks</bridgehead>
+<informaltable frame='none' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
+ <tgroup cols='3'>
+ <colspec colwidth='3*' align='left'/>
+ <colspec colwidth='1*' align='left'/>
+ <colspec colwidth='1*' align='right'/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</entry><entry>Withdrawal</entry><entry>50,000</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Expenses:Investments:Commission:Boom_HKD</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>500</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Brokerage
+ Account:Boom:0694</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>49,500
+ (16,500 shares)</entry></row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+</informaltable>
+
+ <para>If the exchange rate dialog box does not appear automatically,
+ right-click on the stock row, and select <guilabel>Edit
+ Exchange Rate</guilabel>. Enter the number of shares (16,500) as the
+ <guilabel>To Amount</guilabel>.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transfer Funds</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Setting the number of shares in the Transfer Funds dialog</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>When you return to the Chart of Accounts, you will see the
+ purchased shares reflected in the stock account’s total.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Purchased international stocks</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ <caption><para>
+ Chart of Accounts with some international stocks
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>However, as you can see, the USD totals may be zero if
+ &app; doesn’t have an exchange rate between USD and HKD.
+ To fix this, go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price
+ Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ and click the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button to
+ automatically retrieve the exchange rates you need.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>To reiterate, this example shows how stock can be purchased in any currency
+ by entering the transaction in the register of the cash account used
+ to make payment. It is also possible to enter the purchase
+ in the stock account’s register, but be aware that the stock is
+ assumed to be priced in the currency of the stock account’s parent.</para>
+ <para>In this example, the stock account’s parent
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom</emphasis>) is denominated in HKD.
+ Since this is same currency as the stock price, the purchase
+ can be safely entered in the stock account’s register.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="currency_invest1">
+ <title>Tracking Currency Investments</title>
+
+ <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in a different
+ country's currency, and hope that it will rise in value
+ relative your own currency.</para>
+
+ <para>When you enter these transactions into &app;, you will have to
+ decide on how much detail you would like to have.</para>
+
+ <para>If you are not interested in detail at all, a very simple account
+ structure would suffice:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX (XXX)
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>You would simply enter transfers between the two accounts, noting
+ exchange rates as you went.</para>
+
+ <para>But, if you do want to be able to track capital gains or losses,
+ as well as any fees, you do need a more complex account structure, such as:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX (XXX)
+ Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX (XXX)
+ Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX (XXX)
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
+ <title>Purchasing Currency</title>
+
+ <para>When purchasing another currency, you will buy a certain number of
+ units of foreign currency with your own currency, at a particular rate.
+ For example, you might buy USD 10,000 worth of Andorran Francs, at 5 Francs
+ to the dollar, with a transaction fee of $150.</para>
+
+ <bridgehead renderas='sect4'>Buy Currency</bridgehead>
+ <informaltable frame='none' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
+ <tgroup cols='3'>
+ <colspec colwidth='5*' align='left'/>
+ <colspec colwidth='2*' align='left'/>
+ <colspec colwidth='1*' align='right'/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry><entry>Withdrawal</entry><entry>10,000</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:ADF</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>150</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:ADF</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>49,250</entry></row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+
+ <para>The Exchange Rate window should pop up when you
+ leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
+ window does not pop up, right click on the row or select
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>, and select <guilabel>Edit
+ Exchange Rate</guilabel>. In the Exchange Rate window you specify the
+ exchange rate you got from the bank.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_invest13">
+ <title>Selling a currency investment</title>
+
+ <para>Entering a currency sale is done in the same way as
+ a currency buy except that you are now transferring money from the Currency
+ account to your Savings account (very similar to <xref
+ linkend="invest-sell1" />).</para>
+
+ <para>The proper recording of the currency sale *must* account for realized
+ gains or losses. This can be done using a
+ split transaction. In the split transaction, you must account for the
+ profit (or loss) as coming from an <emphasis>Income:Capital Gains</emphasis> account (or
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Capital Loss</emphasis>). To balance this income, you will need to enter
+ the Currency asset twice in the split—once to record the actual sale
+ (using the correct amount and correct exchange rate), and once to balance
+ the income profit (setting the amount to 0).</para>
+
+ <para>In short, a selling Currency transaction should look something
+ like below, seen again from the <emphasis>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling a currency with a Split Transaction Scheme</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colwidth='3*' align='left'/>
+ <colspec colwidth='1*' align='center'/>
+ <colspec colwidth='1*' align='center'/>
+ <thead>
+ <row><entry>Account</entry><entry>Deposit</entry><entry>Withdrawal</entry></row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry> <entry>Sold Amount - Exchange Fee</entry> <entry></entry> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX</entry> <entry>Exchange Fee</entry> <entry></entry> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry> <entry></entry> <entry>Sold Amount</entry> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX</entry> <entry>[LOSS]</entry> <entry>PROFIT</entry> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry> <entry>PROFIT (with To Amount = 0)</entry> <entry>[LOSS (with To Amount = 0) ]</entry> </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="currency_reconcile1">
+ <title>Reconciling Statements in a Foreign Currency</title>
+
+ <para>Reconciling foreign statement are done in the same manner as when
+ you reconcile your local bank statement. If you have created a Chart of
+ Accounts structure which allows you to have the same currency per account
+ as your statement, it is actually exactly the same as
+ reconciling your local bank statement.</para>
+
+ <para>If you have different currencies you might have to manually convert
+ the amounts from one currency to another while you reconcile the
+ accounts.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_dep.xml b/guide/ru/ch_dep.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33a800f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_dep.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_dep">
+ <title>Depreciation</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will introduce the concept of depreciation in accounting
+ and give some real life examples for using it.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="dep_concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>Depreciation is the accounting method for expensing capital
+ purchases over time. There are two reasons that you may want to record
+ depreciation; you are doing bookkeeping for your own personal finances and
+ would like to keep track of your net worth, or you are doing bookkeeping
+ for a small busines and need to produce a financial statement from which
+ you will prepare your tax return.</para>
+
+ <para>The method of recording depreciation is the same in either case. but
+ the end goal is different. This section will discuss the differences
+ between the two. But first, some terminology.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Accumulated depreciation</emphasis> - the accumulated
+ total of book depreciation taken over the life of the asset. This is
+ accumulated in the depreciation account in the asset section.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Book depreciation</emphasis> - this is the amount of
+ depreciation that you record in your financial statements per
+ accounting period.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Fair market value</emphasis> - the amount for which an
+ asset could be sold at a given time.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Net book value</emphasis> - this is the difference
+ between the original cost and the depreciation taken to date.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Original cost</emphasis> - this is the amount that the
+ asset cost you to purchase. It includes any cost to get the asset into
+ a condition in which you can use it. For example - shipping,
+ installation costs, special training.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Salvage value</emphasis> - this is the value that you
+ estimate the asset can be sold for at the end of it’s useful life (to
+ you).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Tax depreciation</emphasis> - this is the amount of
+ depreciation that you take for income tax purposes.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <sect2 id="dep_concepts_personal2">
+ <title>Personal Finances</title>
+
+ <para>Depreciation is used in personal finances to periodically lower an
+ asset’s value to give you an accurate estimation of your current net
+ worth. For example, if you owned a car you could keep track of its
+ current value by recording depreciation every year. To accomplish this,
+ you record the original purchase as an asset, and then record a
+ depreciation expense each year (See <xref linkend="dep_example1" /> for
+ an example). This would result in the net book value being approximately
+ equal to the fair market value of the asset at the end of the
+ year.</para>
+
+ <para>Depreciation for personal finance has no tax implications, it is
+ simply used to help you estimate your net worth. Because of this, there
+ are no rules for how you estimate depreciation, use your best
+ judgement.</para>
+
+ <para>For which assets should you estimate depreciation? Since the idea
+ of depreciation for personal finances is to give you an estimate of your
+ personal net worth, you need only track depreciation on assets of
+ notable worth that you could potentially sell, such as a car or
+ boat.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="dep_concepts_business2">
+ <title>Business</title>
+
+ <para>As opposed to personal finance where the goal is tracking personal
+ worth, business is concerned with matching the expense of purchasing
+ capital assets with the revenue generated by them. This is done through
+ book depreciation. Businesses must also be concerned with local tax laws
+ covering depreciation of assets. This is known as tax depreciation. The
+ business is free to choose whatever scheme it wants to record book
+ depreciation, but the scheme used for tax depreciation is fixed. More
+ often than not this results in differences between book and tax
+ depreciation, but steps can be taken to reduce these differences.</para>
+
+ <para>Now, what purchases should be capitalized? If you expect something
+ that you purchase to help you earn income for more than just the current
+ year, then it should be capitalized. This includes things like land,
+ buildings, equipment, automobiles, and computers - as long as they are
+ used for business purposes. It does not include items that would be
+ considered inventory. So if you made a purchase with the intent to
+ resell the item, it should not be capitalized.</para>
+
+ <para>In addition to the purchase of the asset itself, any costs
+ associated with getting the asset into a condition so that you can use
+ it should be capitalized. For example, if you buy a piece of equipment
+ and it needs to be shipped from out of town, and then some electrical
+ work needs to be done so you can plug the machine in, and some
+ specialized training is needed so you know how to use the machine, all
+ these costs would be included in the cost of the equipment.</para>
+
+ <para>You also need to know the estimated salvage value of the asset.
+ Generally, this is assumed to be zero. The idea behind knowing the
+ salvage value is that the asset will be depreciated until the net book
+ value (cost less depreciation) equals the salvage value. Then, when the
+ asset is written off, you will not have a gain or loss resulting from
+ the disposal of the asset.</para>
+
+ <para>The last step is to determine the method of depreciation that you
+ want to use. This will be discussed on the next few pages.</para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>Be aware that different countries can have
+ substantially different tax policies for depreciation; all that this
+ document can really provide is some of the underlying ideas to help
+ you apply your <quote>favorite</quote> tax/depreciation policies.</para>
+ </warning>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="dep_value1">
+ <title>Estimating Valuation</title>
+
+ <para>A central issue with depreciation is to determine how you will
+ estimate the future value of the asset. Compared to the often uncertain
+ estimates one has to do where appreciation of assets is concerned, we are
+ on somewhat firmer ground here. Using sources listed below should make it
+ fairly straight forward to estimate the future value of your depreciating
+ assets.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Tax Codes:</emphasis> For businesses that want to use
+ depreciation for tax purposes, governments tend to set up precise
+ rules as to how you are required to calculate depreciation. Consult
+ your local tax codes, which should explicitly state how to estimate
+ depreciation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Car Blue Book:</emphasis> For automobiles, it is easy
+ to look up in references such as <quote>Blue Books</quote> estimates of what an
+ automobile should be worth after some period of time in the future.
+ From this you will be able to develop a model of the
+ depreciation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <sect2 id="dep_valueschemes2">
+ <title>Depreciation Schemes</title>
+
+ <para>A <emphasis>depreciation scheme</emphasis> is a mathematical model
+ of how an asset will be expensed over time. For every asset which
+ undergoes depreciation, you will need to decide on a depreciation
+ scheme. An important point to keep in mind is that, for tax purposes,
+ you will need to depreciate your assets at a certain rate. This is
+ called tax depreciation. For financial statement purposes you are free
+ to choose whatever method you want. This is book depreciation. Most
+ small businesses use the same rate for tax and book depreciation. This
+ way there is less of a difference between your net income on the
+ financial statements and your taxable income.</para>
+
+ <para>This section will present 3 of the more popular depreciation
+ schemes: <emphasis>linear</emphasis>, <emphasis>geometric</emphasis>,
+ and <emphasis>sum of digits</emphasis>. To simplify the examples, we
+ will assume the salvage value of the asset being depreciated is zero. If
+ you choose to use a salvage value, you would stop depreciating the asset
+ once the net book value equals the salvage value.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Linear depreciation</emphasis> diminishes the value
+ of an asset by a fixed amount each period until the net value is
+ zero. This is the simplest calculation, as you estimate a useful
+ lifetime, and simply divide the cost equally across that
+ lifetime.</para>
+
+ <para>Example: You have bought a computer for $1500 and wish to
+ depreciate it over a period of 5 years. Each year the amount of
+ depreciation is $300, leading to the following calculations:</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Linear Depreciation Scheme Example</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Year</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Depreciation</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Remaining Value</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+
+ <entry>-</entry>
+
+ <entry>1500</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>1</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+
+ <entry>1200</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>2</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+
+ <entry>900</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>3</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+
+ <entry>600</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>4</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>5</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Geometric depreciation</emphasis> is depreciated by
+ a fixed percentage of the asset value in the previous period. This
+ is a front-weighted depreciation scheme, more depreciation being
+ applied early in the period. In this scheme the value of an asset
+ decreases exponentially leaving a value at the end that is larger
+ than zero (i.e.: a resale value).</para>
+
+ <para>Example: We take the same example as above, with an annual
+ depreciation of 30%.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Geometric Depreciation Scheme Example</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Year</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Depreciation</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Remaining Value</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+
+ <entry>-</entry>
+
+ <entry>1500</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>1</entry>
+
+ <entry>450</entry>
+
+ <entry>1050</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>2</entry>
+
+ <entry>315</entry>
+
+ <entry>735</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>3</entry>
+
+ <entry>220.50</entry>
+
+ <entry>514.50</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>4</entry>
+
+ <entry>154.35</entry>
+
+ <entry>360.15</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>5</entry>
+
+ <entry>108.05</entry>
+
+ <entry>252.10</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Beware: Tax authorities may require (or allow) a larger
+ percentage in the first period. On the other hand, in Canada, this
+ is reversed, as they permit only a half share of <quote>Capital Cost
+ Allowance</quote> in the first year. The result of this approach is that
+ asset value decreases more rapidly at the beginning than at the
+ end which is probably more realistic for most assets than a linear
+ scheme. This is certainly true for automobiles.</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Sum of digits</emphasis> is a front-weighted
+ depreciation scheme similar to the geometric depreciation, except
+ that the value of the asset reaches zero at the end of the period.
+ This is a front-weighted depreciation scheme, more depreciation
+ being applied early in the period. This method is most often
+ employed in Anglo/Saxon countries. Here is an illustration:</para>
+
+ <para>Example: First you divide the asset value by the sum of the
+ years of use, e.g. for our example from above with an asset worth
+ $1500 that is used over a period of five years you get
+ 1500/(1+2+3+4+5)=100. Depreciation and asset value are then
+ calculated as follows:</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Sum of Digits Depreciation Scheme Example</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Year</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Depreciation</emphasis></entry>
+
+ <entry><emphasis>Remaining Value</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+
+ <entry>-</entry>
+
+ <entry>1500</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>1</entry>
+
+ <entry>100*5=500</entry>
+
+ <entry>1000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>2</entry>
+
+ <entry>100*4=400</entry>
+
+ <entry>600</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>3</entry>
+
+ <entry>100*3=300</entry>
+
+ <entry>300</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>4</entry>
+
+ <entry>100*2=200</entry>
+
+ <entry>100</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>5</entry>
+
+ <entry>100*1=100</entry>
+
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="dep_accounts1">
+ <title>Account Setup</title>
+
+ <para>As with most accounting practices, there are a number of different
+ ways to setup depreciation accounts. We will present here a general method
+ which should be flexible enough to handle most situations. The first
+ account you will need is an <emphasis>Asset Cost</emphasis> account
+ (&app; account type <guilabel>Asset</guilabel>), which is simply a place where you record
+ the original purchase of the asset. Usually this purchase is accomplished
+ by a transaction from your bank account.</para>
+
+ <para>In order to keep track of the depreciation of the asset, you will
+ need two depreciation accounts. The first is an <emphasis>Accumulated
+ Depreciation</emphasis> account in which to collect the sum of all of the
+ depreciation amounts, and will contain negative values. In &app;, this
+ is an account type <emphasis>asset</emphasis>. The <emphasis>Accumulated Depreciation</emphasis>
+ account is balanced by a <emphasis>Depreciation Expense</emphasis> account,
+ in which all periodic depreciation expenses
+ are recorded. In &app;, this is an account type
+ <emphasis>expense</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>Below is a generic account hierarchy for tracking the depreciation
+ of 2 assets, <emphasis>ITEM1</emphasis> and <emphasis>ITEM2</emphasis>. The <emphasis>Asset Cost</emphasis> accounts are balanced by
+ the <emphasis>Bank</emphasis> account, the <emphasis>Accumulated Depreciation</emphasis> account is balanced by
+ the <emphasis>Expenses:Depreciation</emphasis> account.</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -ITEM1
+ -Cost (Asset Cost account)
+ -Depreciation (Accumulated Depreciation account)
+ -ITEM2
+ -Cost (Asset Cost account)
+ -Depreciation (Accumulated Depreciation account)
+ -Current Assets
+ -Bank
+-Expense
+ -Depreciation (Depreciation Expense account)
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>One of the features of the account hierarchy shown above is that you
+ can readily see some important summary values about your depreciating
+ asset. The <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:ITEM1</emphasis> account total shows you the current
+ estimated value for item1, the <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:ITEM1:Cost</emphasis> shows you
+ what you originally paid for item1, <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:ITEM1:Depreciation</emphasis>
+ shows you your accrued depreciation for item1,
+ and finally, <emphasis>Expenses:Depreciation</emphasis> demonstrates the total accrued
+ depreciation of all your assets.</para>
+
+ <para>It is certainly possible to use a different account hierarchy. One
+ popular account setup is to combine the <emphasis>Asset Cost</emphasis>
+ and <emphasis>Accrued Depreciation</emphasis> asset accounts. This has the
+ advantage of having fewer accounts cluttering your account hierarchy, but
+ with the disadvantage that to determine some of the summary details
+ mentioned in the paragraph above you will have to open the account
+ register windows. As with most things, there are many ways to do it, find
+ a way that works best for you.</para>
+
+ <para>The actual input of the depreciation amounts is done by hand every
+ accounting period. There is no way in &app; (as of yet) to perform the
+ depreciation scheme calculations automatically, or to input the values
+ automatically into the appropriate accounts. However, since an accounting
+ period is typically one year, this really is not much work to do by
+ hand.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="dep_example1">
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <para>Let’s go ahead and step through an example. Imagine you are a
+ photographer and you use a car and an expensive camera for your personal
+ business. You will want to track the depreciation on these items, because
+ you can probably deduct the depreciation from your business taxes.</para>
+
+ <para>The first step is to build the account hierarchy (as shown in the
+ previous section, replace <emphasis>ITEM1</emphasis> and <emphasis>ITEM2</emphasis> with <quote>car</quote> and <quote>camera</quote>). Now,
+ record the purchase of your assets by transferring the money from your
+ bank account to the appropriate <emphasis>Asset Cost</emphasis> accounts
+ for each item (eg: the <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Car:Cost</emphasis> account for the
+ car). In this example, you start with $30k in the bank, the car cost $20k
+ and the camera cost $10k and were both purchased on January 1,
+ 2000.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="dep_example">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/dep_example.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Asset Depreciation Example1</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The asset depreciation example main window, before
+ depreciation </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Looking at the tax codes, we realize that we must report
+ depreciation on these items using the <quote>sum of digits</quote> scheme, over a 5
+ year period. So, the yearly depreciation amounts for the car come to
+ $6667, $5333, $4000, $2667, $1333 for years 1 to 5 respectively, rounded
+ to the nearest dollar. The yearly depreciation amounts for the camera are
+ $3333, $2667, $2000, $1333, $667. Consult the previous section on
+ Depreciation Schemes for the formula for calculating these values.</para>
+
+ <para>For each accounting period (IE: fiscal year) you record the
+ depreciation as an expense in the appropriate <emphasis>Accrued
+ Depreciation</emphasis> account (eg: the <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Car:Depreciation</emphasis>
+ account for the car). The two windows below show
+ your car’s accrued depreciation account and the main window after the
+ third year (IE: three periods) of depreciation using this <guilabel>sum of digits</guilabel>
+ scheme.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="dep_assetreg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/dep_assetreg.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Asset Depreciation Register Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The asset depreciation register window
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <screenshot id="dep_assetmain">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/dep_assetmain.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Asset Depreciation Main Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The asset depreciation main window </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>A Word of Caution: Since depreciation and tax issues are closely
+ related, you may not always be free in choosing your preferred method.
+ Fixing wrong calculations will cost a whole lot more time and trouble
+ than getting the calculations right the first time, so if you plan to
+ depreciate assets, it is wise to make sure of the schemes you will be
+ permitted or required to use.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_expenses.xml b/guide/ru/ch_expenses.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c380408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_expenses.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.0
+ Last modified: September 12th 2016
+ modified: September 12th 2016
+ Maintainers:
+ Alex Aycinena <alex.aycinena at gmail.com>
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_expenses">
+ <title>Кредиты</title>
+
+ <para>If managing your checkbook is the first step in tracking your finances, then using expense accounts
+ to see where you are expending money is a close second step. This chapter will give you an understanding of
+ how &app; uses expense accounts to help you keep track of many different
+ categories of transactions.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="expenses-concepts">
+ <title>Concepts</title>
+ <para>An expense type account is used to allow you to track how much you spend on specific
+ expenses. Many people's first experience with tracking expenses comes from Quicken(tm), where
+ transactions can be assigned to one or more categories. In &app;, these categories
+ are set up as separate accounts, which are designated as Expense type accounts.
+ This allows &app; to apply the rules of double-entry accounting consistently.
+ Expense accounts can be as detailed or as general as you need. Some users need only a few accounts for
+ personal expense tracking. Others use &app; expense accounts to manage their expenses
+ in great detail. The level of detail you choose is up to you. Keep in mind that with &app;,
+ you can change accounts for transactions, so if your needs change later on, it is possible to move
+ transactions around.</para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="expenses-setup">
+ <title>Setting Up Accounts</title>
+ <sect2 id="expenses-su-simple">
+ <title>Simple Expense Account Setup</title>
+ <para>For many users, the easiest way to set up expense accounts is to check the "Common Accounts"
+ when you create a new Account Hierarchy. This will establish many of the most common expense accounts
+ that users need. See "New Account Hierarchy Setup" in Chapter 3 of the Help guide for more information.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="expenses-su-complex">
+ <title>Complex Expense Account Setup</title>
+ <para>If you have different expense accounting needs, you can refer to <xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref>,
+ or Chapter 5.4 in the Help manual for instructions on how to create accounts.</para>
+ <para>Typical reasons for adding new or different expense accounts include: to track
+ expenses for particular business purposes (e.g., specific types of supply expenses),
+ to track expenses for particular tax purposes (e.g., tax expenses that must be reported
+ to others), or simply to track expenses that are meaningful to you (e.g., payments made
+ to a particular charity).</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="expenses-entering">
+ <title>Entering Expense Transactions</title>
+ <para>While it is possible to enter transactions directly into expense accounts, it is
+ not normally how these are entered. For most people, transactions for an expense account
+ are added when the user is entering data into the other account in the transaction.
+ In other words, if you have an expense account for Charitable Donations (e.g., Expenses:Charity),
+ you will typically add a transaction to the expense account by assigning a check in your
+ checking account register to the Charity account.</para>
+ <para>If you open an expense account, you will see a register similar to most others you find
+ in &app;. The informal column headings for the transaction amounts
+ are slightly different, however. The left (debit) column will read <emphasis>Tot Expense</emphasis>, while
+ the right (credit) column will read <emphasis>Tot Rebate</emphasis>.</para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="expenses-other">
+ <title>Other Considerations for Expense Accounts</title>
+ <para>Because expense accounts are generated entirely by you, there are no statements against
+ which you would reconcile your data. Therefore, there is technically nothing to reconcile. You
+ can, of course use the reconcile process for expense accounts, which will lock the transactions
+ for future editing.</para>
+ <para>One point to consider is that as your use of &app; continues, the
+ balances in these accounts will grow, since there are usually very few credit transactions that
+ reduce the balances. There is nothing wrong with this situation, but some users may wish to clear
+ the balances in their expense accounts periodically. Zeroing transactions can be entered that
+ transfer the balance of the account to an Equity account. &app; includes
+ a Closing Books procedure that includes zeroing out expense accounts. Keep in mind that this is
+ not necessary, and that if you need to gather information on a given expense account, you can
+ use various reports to extract that data without zeroing the account out.</para>
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_import_business_data.xml b/guide/ru/ch_import_business_data.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95de73d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_import_business_data.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!-- (Do not remove this comment block.)
+
+Version: 3.4.0
+Last modified: 2019-01-13
+
+Maintainers:
+
+Author:
+ Mike Evans <mikee at saxicola.co.uk>
+Updated:
+ Rob Laan <rob.laan at chello.nl>
+
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+
+<chapter id="ch_import_bus_data">
+ <title>Importing Business Data</title>
+
+ <sect1 id="busnss-imp-bills-invoices">
+ <title>Importing Bills and Invoices</title>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-inv-general">
+ <title>General</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This functionality creates invoices or bills from a csv import file containing rows of invoice entry data.
+ The import file may contain rows for new and/or existing invoices. If an invoice already exists,
+ &app; adds the imported entries to the invoice (unless the invoice is already posted).
+ If the import file contains posting data
+ for an invoice, then &app; will also attempt to post the invoice.
+ If any row of an invoice contains an error, &app; will ignore all rows of the same invoice.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The field separator in the csv file must be either a comma or a semicolon; field values may be enclosed in double quotes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the sake of readability, in this chapter the term <quote>invoice</quote> by itself is used
+ to refer to both customer invoices and vendor bills.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-inv-file-format">
+ <title>The format of the import file</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The import file should contain rows of invoice entry data, each row marked by an invoice ID. The file should be
+ sorted on invoice ID. Each row contains header and entry fields, but &app; takes the
+ invoice header data from the first row of an invoice ID. For informational purposes,
+ the header data may be repeated for each subsequent row of the same invoice.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ There is no information in the file to indicate whether it concerns customer invoice or vendor bill data.
+ Instead, a user option in the import dialog makes that distinction.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Each row should contain the fields listed below, in the same sequence, separated by a comma or a semicolon.
+ The fields are listed here by their technical name, which &app;
+ uses in the preview of the import data.
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>id</prompt></emphasis> -
+ The invoice ID. Mandatory. Any row without an invoice ID will be ignored. If the invoice ID already exists,
+ &app; will add the entries to the existing invoice (unless it is already posted).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>date_opened</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Use the same date format as defined in Preferences. Defaulted to today's date if left blank,
+ or if the date provided is not valid.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>owner_id</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Customer or vendor number. Mandatory in the first data row of an invoice. If not provided, all rows of the same
+ invoice will be ignored.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>billingid</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing ID. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>notes</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Invoice notes. Optional.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>date</prompt></emphasis> -
+ The date of the entry. Defaulted to date opened if left blank,
+ or if the date provided is not valid.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>desc</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Description. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>action</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Action. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>account</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Account for the entry. Mandatory in each row.
+ If not provided or invalid, all rows of the same invoice will be ignored.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>quantity</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Quantity. Defaulted to 1 if left blank.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>price</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Price. Mandatory for each row.
+ If not provided, all rows of the same invoice will be ignored.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>disc_type</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Type of discount. Optional. Only relevant for invoices, not for bills.
+ Use <quote>%</quote> or blank for percentage value, anything else for monetary value.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>disc_how</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Discount how. Optional. Only relevant for invoices, not for bills.
+ Use <quote>></quote> for discount applied after tax,
+ <quote>=</quote> for discount and tax applied before tax,
+ and <quote><</quote>, blank or anything else for discount applied before tax.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>discount</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Amount or percentage of discount. Optional. Only relevant for invoices, not for bills
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>taxable</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Is this entry taxable? Optional.
+ Use <quote>Y</quote> or <quote>X</quote> for yes, <quote>N</quote> or blank for no.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>taxincluded</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Is tax included in the item price? Optional.
+ Use <quote>Y</quote> or <quote>X</quote> for yes, <quote>N</quote> or blank for no.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>tax_table</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Tax table. Optional. If the tax table provided does not exist, it will be blank in the invoice.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>date_posted</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Date posted. Optional. Use the same date format as defined in Preferences.
+ If you provide a date posted for the first row of an invoice, &app;
+ will attempt to also post the invoice (as opposed to only saving or updating it).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>due_date</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Due date. Optional. Use the same date format as defined in Preferences.
+ Defaulted to date posted, if left blank.
+ Only relevant in the first row of an invoice, if the invoice is posted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>account_posted</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Post to account, for vendor or customer posting.
+ Only mandatory in the first row of an invoice, if the invoice is posted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>memo_posted </prompt></emphasis> -
+ Memo. Optional. Only relevant in the first row of an invoice, if the invoice is posted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>accu_splits</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Accumulate splits? Optional. Use <quote>Y</quote> or <quote>X</quote> for yes, <quote>N</quote> or blank for no.
+ Only relevant in the first row of an invoice, if the invoice is posted.
+ If you use a spreadsheet program to create the import file, it is advised not to use blank for no,
+ because a final column with only blanks may not be recognized
+ as relevant data when the spreadsheet program creates the csv file.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <note id="busnss-imp-inv-file-format-note">
+ <title>Note on double quotes</title>
+ <para>
+ If you use the field separator character within a field, the field value should be enclosed in double quotes.
+ Only for the fields description (desc) and notes, can you also include a double quote within a quoted field value,
+ by doubling the double quote. E.g. <literal>"This field value uses the separator, and a ""quoted"" word"</literal>,
+ would be imported as <literal>This field value uses the separator, and a "quoted" word</literal>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Example content for two bills; one of 2 entries, and one of 3 entries.
+ The first is saved and posted, the second only saved.
+ Using comma field separator, decimal point and dd/mm/yyyy date format.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <programlisting>
+1204;15/12/2018;2001;PO 210220;Special delivery;16/12/2018;Pride and Prejudice;pc;Expenses:Books;1;30.00;;;;X;;A1;17/12/2018;17/1/2019;Liabilities:Accounts Payable;;X
+1204;15/12/2018;2001;PO 210220;Special delivery;16/12/2018;Electronic principles;pc;Expenses:Books;1;50.00;;;;X;;A1;17/12/2018;17/1/2019;Liabilities:Accounts Payable;;X
+1205;15/12/2018;2044;PO 21099;;16/12/2018;Ultimate Guide;pc;Expenses:Books;1;10.01;;;;;;;;;;;
+1205;15/12/2018;2044;PO 21099;;16/12/2018;Dinner & drinks;pc;Expenses:Dining;1;10.01;;;;;;;;;;;
+1205;15/12/2018;2044;PO 21099;;16/12/2018;UG course;pc;Expenses:Education;1;10.01;;;;;;;;;;;
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Example content for one customer invoice, with one entry, including tax and discount.
+ Using comma fields separator, decimal point and dd/mm/yyyy date format.
+ The the value of the description field contains the separator character.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <programlisting>
+20221;16/12/2018;1001;Order 3378;Discount as agreed;4/12/2018;"Accounting part 1, 2";ea;Income:Other Income;1;769.95;%;=;10;X;N;A1;16/12/2018;16/01/2019;Assets:Accounts Receivable;Posted by import;X
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-inv-import-data">
+ <title>Import your data</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To import your invoice data, navigate to
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Import</guimenuitem>
+ <guimenuitem>Import Bills & Invoices…</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open a new import dialog,
+ and provide the necessary information.
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>1. Choose the file to import</guilabel> -
+ Select your import file, or manually type the path and file name.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>2. Select import type</guilabel> -
+ Select the import type, either <guilabel>Bill</guilabel> or <guilabel>Invoice</guilabel>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>3. Select import options</guilabel> -
+ Select your csv format.
+ Use the <guilabel>with quotes</guilabel> options if your file contains fields enclosed in double quotes.
+ These options also match fields not enclosed in quotes;
+ except for the fields for description and notes, fields should not contain the quote character itself.
+ See <xref linkend="busnss-imp-inv-file-format-note" /> above.
+ Use one of the other options if your file does not have fields enclosed in quotes; any quote characters
+ in the file will be imported as is.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>4. Preview</guilabel> -
+ Once you have selected your import file and csv format,
+ &app; shows you a preview of the data.
+ You can verify if your data is listed in the correct columns. If you do not see any rows in the preview,
+ then &app; was not able to match your import data rows to the selected csv format.
+ See <xref linkend="busnss-imp-inv-errors" /> below.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>5. Afterwards</guilabel> -
+ You can choose if &app; should open tabs for the invoices after the import.
+ Either for all invoices, or for the invoices that are saved but not posted, or for none of the invoices.
+ Opening tabs slows down the import process considerably.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Start the import</emphasis> -
+ If you are satisfied with your selections, hit the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button to start the import.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ If your data file contains invoice IDs that already exist, then &app; will ask you
+ (once per import session) to confirm that you want to update existing invoices.
+ If not confirmed, all rows for existing invoices will be ignored.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Internally, &app; uses so called regular expressions to match the import rows
+ to the data fields. The import option <guilabel>Custom regular expression</guilabel> offers the option to use your own
+ regular expression for this matching process. Obviously, this option requires that you are well versed in regular expressions.
+ When you choose the option <guilabel>Custom regular expression</guilabel>, &app; opens a window
+ in which you can edit the &app; regular expression, or replace it with your own.
+ Your regular expression should contain a named subpattern for each of the fields of the csv file
+ (using the technical names). A custom regular expression could be useful if the rows of your source data file contain
+ all required fields, but in a different order or format. E.g. if the format of your source data file
+ starts with customer number, followed by invoice ID, followed by the due date, and uses | as separator,
+ your regular expression would start with something like this:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <programlisting>
+ ^(?<owner_id>[^|]*)\|(?<id>[^|]*)\|(?<due_date>[^|]*)
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With a custom regular expression, &app; could import your source data files,
+ without the need to convert them to the &app; import format.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-inv-feedback">
+ <title>Feedback and statistics</title>
+
+ <para>
+ &app; executes the import process in three steps:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>Import</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Imports the data file and attempts to match each row to the data fields.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>Validation and adjustment</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Validates the data fields and replaces data with defaults if applicable.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>Processing</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Handles the currency related validations, and creates, updates and posts the invoices.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ After all steps have finished, &app; issues information about the result of the process.
+ The initial dialog shows the informational or error messages from the validation and processing steps.
+ The second dialog shows the statistics of the process:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import - rows ignored: the number of rows that could not be matched to the data fields.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import - rows imported: the number of rows that were successfully matched to the data fields.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Processing and validation - rows fixed: the number of rows for which a default value was used for a field.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Processing and validation - rows ignored: the number of rows for that were not processed because of a validation error.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Processing and validation - invoices created: the number of invoices created.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Processing and validation - invoices updated: the number of invoices that were updated.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ If there were unmatched rows in the import step, a final dialog shows the actual rows that could not be matched.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-inv-errors">
+ <title>What could go wrong?</title>
+
+ <sect3 id ="busnss-imp-inv-err-import">
+ <title>Errors in the import step</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If the statistics show unmatched rows under <quote>Import - rows ignored</quote>, then there is some issue
+ with the format of your import file. Verify that you use and select the correct separator.
+ Verify that your data rows have exactly 21 separator characters (1 for each field, except for the last).
+ Verify whether you use the separator character within a data field; if so, enclose the field in double quotes.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If you use one of the <guilabel>with quotes</guilabel> import options, verify if you use the double quote character
+ in any of the data field values; if within the description or notes fields,
+ make sure that the field value is quoted, and precede each double quote within the field with an extra
+ double quote; if within any other field, remove the double quote character.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id ="busnss-imp-inv-err-validation">
+ <title>Errors in the validation step</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following errors can occur in the validation step. Any error in a data row will cause all rows of the same
+ invoice to be ignored.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ In versions 3.4 and earlier, an error in a data row would cause just that row to be ignored,
+ as opposed all rows of the same invoice.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The field <prompt>ID</prompt> is blank. Every row should have an invoice ID.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The field <prompt>owner_id</prompt> is blank. Every first row of an invoice should have an owner_id.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The customer or vendor number in field <prompt>owner_id</prompt> does not exist.
+ The owner_id in the first row of an invoice should be an existing customer (for invoices) or vendor (for bills).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The date in field <prompt>date_posted</prompt> is not a valid date. If you provide a value for date_posted in the first
+ row of an invoice, it should be a valid date. Did you use the date format as set in Preferences?
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The account in the field <prompt>account_posted</prompt> does not exist. If you provide a value for the field <prompt>date_posted</prompt>
+ in the first row of an invoice, the field <prompt>account_posted</prompt> should be an existing account.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The account in the field <prompt>account_posted</prompt> is not of type Accounts Receivable (for invoices)
+ or Accounts Payable (for bills). If you provide a value for the field <prompt>date_posted</prompt>
+ in the first row of an invoice, the field <prompt>account_posted</prompt> should be an account of the correct type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The field <prompt>price</prompt> is blank. Every row should have a value for the field <prompt>price</prompt>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The account in the field <prompt>account</prompt> does not exist. Every row should have an existing account in the field <prompt>account</prompt>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ Any error in the validation step is listed after the overall import process completes. Correct your data file accordingly.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id ="busnss-imp-inv-err-processing">
+ <title>Errors in the processing step</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following errors can occur in the processing step.
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The invoice cannot be updated because it is already posted. All rows of the same invoice will be ignored.
+ If you want to update the existing invoice, unpost it first in &app;.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The currency of the invoice differs from the currency of the account posted
+ (<quote>Invoice x NOT posted because currencies don't match</quote>).
+ &app;
+ determines the currency of the invoice either from the customer or vendor master data (for a new invoice)
+ or from the invoice itself (for an existing invoice). The currency of the invoice must agree with
+ the currency of the post to account in the field <prompt>account_posted</prompt>. &app; creates the
+ invoice but cannot post it. Manually correct the invoice in &app;.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The invoice requires currency conversion.
+ (<quote>Invoice x NOT posted because it requires currency conversion</quote>).
+ The invoice contains entries on accounts with different currencies,
+ or the currency of the entries differs from the currency of the post to account. For such an invoice,
+ &app; needs exchange rates to translate the currency amounts.
+ &app; creates the invoice but cannot post it. Post the invoice manually
+ in &app;, and provide the requested exchange rates.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-inv-not-supported">
+ <title>Not supported invoice functionality</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Currently the invoice import function does not support (at least) the following:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import of billing terms and job.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import of customer and job in default chargeback project for bills.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Application of billing terms from customer or vendor master data.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Automatic numbering of invoices.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Credit notes.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="busnss-imp-customer-vendor">
+ <title>Importing Customers and Vendors</title>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-cv-general">
+ <title>General</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This functionality creates and updates customers and vendors from a csv import file containing
+ rows of vendor/customer master data.
+ The import file may contain rows for new and/or existing customers/vendors. If a customer/vendor already exists,
+ &app; updates the existing customer/vendor.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-cv-file-format">
+ <title>The format of the import file</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The import file should contain rows of customer/vendor data, one row for each customer/vendor.
+ The customer/vendor is identified by the customer/vendor number in the field <prompt>id</prompt> of the data rows.
+ If the field is blank, &app; will use the next number from the relevant counter
+ (set in the <guilabel>Counters</guilabel> tab under
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There is no data in the file to indicate whether it concerns customer or vendor master data.
+ Instead, a user option in the import dialog makes that distinction.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each row should contain the fields listed below, in the same sequence, separated by a comma or a semicolon.
+ The fields are listed here by their technical name, which &app;
+ uses in the preview of the import data.
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>id</prompt></emphasis> -
+ The customer/vendor number. If it is for an existing customer/vendor, &app; will
+ update the customer/vendor.
+ Note that in &app; e.g. '000010' is a different customer number than '10'.
+ If the id field is empty,
+ &app; will use the next number from the relevant counter.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>company</prompt></emphasis> -
+ The company name. If it is left blank, it is defaulted to the value of field <prompt>name</prompt>.
+ If that is also blank, then the row is ignored.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>name</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Name. Optional.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>addr1</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Address line 1. At least one of the four address lines of the billing address
+ must be filled. If not, then the row is ignored.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>addr2</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Address line 2.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>addr3</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Address line 3.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>addr4</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Address line 4.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>phone</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Phone. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>fax</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Fax. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>email</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Billing address - Email. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>notes</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Notes. Optional
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipname</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Name. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipaddr1</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Address line 1. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipaddr2</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Address line 2. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipaddr3</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Address line 3. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipaddr4</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Address line 4. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipphone</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Phone. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipfax</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Fax. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>shipmail</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Shipping information - Email. Optional. Not relevant for vendors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ Example content for a customer with a separate shipping address. Using a semicolon for separator.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <code>2201;All Star Company;All Star Company;Union Avenue 776;San Juan;CA;;0482938838;;contact at allstar.com;Last contacted on 4/4/2018.;All Star Company; John Alderman, Office 456;Union Avenue 777;San Juan;CA;78998766;;alderman at allstar.com</code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Example content for a vendor; no ID given, so &app; will take the next number from the counter.
+ Using a comma for separator.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <code>,Johnson Supplies,Johnson Supplies,Electric Park 56,Plains,VA,,0482986538,,jack at johnson.com,Discount negotiated,,,,,,,,</code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ All fields by technical name in the required sequence.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <code>id, company, name, addr1, addr2, addr3, addr4, phone, fax, email, notes, shipname, shipaddr1, shipaddr2, shipaddr3, shipaddr4, shiphone, shipfax, shipmail</code>
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-cv-import-data">
+ <title>Import your data</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To import your customer or vendor data, navigate to
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Import</guimenuitem>
+ <guimenuitem>Import Customes & Vendors…</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open a new import dialog,
+ and provide the necessary information.
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>1. Choose the file to import</guilabel> -
+ Select your import file, or manually type the path and file name.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>2. Select import type</guilabel> -
+ Select the import type, either <guilabel>Customer</guilabel> or <guilabel>Vendor</guilabel>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>3. Select import options</guilabel> -
+ Select your csv format.
+ Use the <guilabel>with quotes</guilabel> options if your file contains fields enclosed in double quotes.
+ These options also match fields not enclosed in double quotes,
+ but fields should not contain the double quote character itself.
+ Use one of the other options if your file does not have fields enclosed in quotes; any double quote characters
+ in the file will then be imported as is.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>4. Preview</guilabel> -
+ Once you have selected your import file and csv format,
+ &app; shows you a preview of the data.
+ You can verify if your data is listed in the correct columns. If you do not see any rows in the preview,
+ then &app; was not able to match your import data rows to the selected csv format.
+ See <xref linkend="busnss-imp-cv-errors" /> below.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Start the import</emphasis> -
+ If you are satisfied with your selections, hit the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button to start the import.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Internally, &app; uses so called regular expressions to match the import rows
+ to the data fields. The import option <guilabel>Custom regular expression</guilabel> offers the option to use your own
+ regular expression for this matching process. Obviously, this option requires that you are well versed in regular expressions.
+ When you choose the option <guilabel>Custom regular expression</guilabel>, &app; opens a window
+ in which you can edit the &app; regular expression, or replace it with your own.
+ Your regular expression should contain a named subpattern for each of the fields of the csv file
+ (using the technical names). A custom regular expression could be useful if the rows of your source data file contain
+ all necessary fields, but in a different order or format. E.g. if the format of your source data file
+ starts with customer number, followed by company name, name, and one address field, and that is all you want to import,
+ then your custom regular expression would be something like this (using comma as a separator):
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <programlisting>
+^(?<company>[^,]*),(?<id>[^,]*),(?<name>[^,]*),(?<addr1>[^,]*),(?<addr2>[^,]*),(?<addr3>[^,]*)$
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With a custom regular expression, &app; could import your source data files,
+ without the need to convert them to the &app; import format.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-cv-feedback">
+ <title>Feedback and statistics</title>
+
+ <para>
+ &app; executes the import process in three steps:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>Import</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Imports the data file and attempts to match each row to the data fields.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>Validation and adjustment</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Validates the data fields and replaces data with defaults if applicable.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis><prompt>Processing</prompt></emphasis> -
+ Creates or updates the vendor or customer master data.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ After all steps have finished, &app; issues information about the result of the process.
+ The initial dialog shows the statistics of the process:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import results - lines ignored: the number of rows that could not be matched to the data fields.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import results - lines imported: the number of rows that were successfully matched to the data fields.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import results - customers/vendors fixed: the number of rows for which a default value was used for a field.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import results - customers/vendors ignored: the number of rows for that were not processed because of a validation error.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import results - customers/vendors created: the number of customers/vendors created.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import results - customers/vendors updated: the number of customers/vendors that were updated.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ If there were unmatched rows in the import step, a final dialog shows the actual rows that could not be matched.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-cv-errors">
+ <title>What could go wrong?</title>
+
+ <sect3 id ="busnss-imp-cv-err-import">
+ <title>Errors in the import step</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If the statistics show unmatched rows under <quote>Import results - lines ignored</quote>, then there is some issue
+ with the format of your import file. Verify that you use and select the correct separator.
+ Verify that your data rows have exactly 18 separator characters (1 for each field, except for the last).
+ Verify whether you use the separator character within a data field; if so, enclose the field in double quotes.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If you use one of the <guilabel>with quotes</guilabel> import options, verify if you use the double quote character
+ in any of the data field values. If so, remove them; importing double quotes as is, is not supported when using the
+ <guilabel>with quotes</guilabel> import options.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id ="busnss-imp-cv-err-validation">
+ <title>Errors in the validation step</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If the statistics show rows under <quote>Import results - customers/vendors ignored</quote>, then data rows were
+ ignored because of one of the errors below:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The field <prompt>company</prompt> and the field <prompt>name</prompt> are both blank.
+ The field <prompt>company</prompt> is mandatory; if it is blank, then it is defaulted to the value of the
+ field <prompt>name</prompt>, but if both are blank, then the data row cannot be processed.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The fields <prompt>addr1</prompt>, <prompt>addr2</prompt>, <prompt>addr3</prompt> and <prompt>addr4</prompt>
+ are all blank. At least one of these fields must have a value, otherwise the data row cannot be processed.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="busnss-imp-cv-not-supported">
+ <title>Not supported customer/vendor functionality</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Currently the customer/vendor import function does not support (at least) the following:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import of any of the fields in the customer tab for billing information:
+ currency, terms, discount, credit limit, tax included and tax table.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Import of any of the fields in the vendor tab for payment information:
+ currency, terms, tax included and tax table.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_invest.xml b/guide/ru/ch_invest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a601597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_invest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,3942 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: December 7th 2009
+ modified: January 10th 2007
+ modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Alex Aycinena <alex.aycinena at gmail.com>
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Dave Herman <dvherman at bigfoot.com>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_invest">
+ <title>ИнвеÑтиции</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter explains how to manage your investments with &app;.
+ Most people have an investment plan, whether its just putting money into a
+ CD account, investing through a company sponsored plan at your workplace or
+ buying and selling stocks and bonds through a brokerage. &app; gives you
+ tools to help you manage these investments such as the <emphasis>Price
+ Editor </emphasis> which allows you to record changes in the prices of
+ stocks you own.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest_concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>An investment is something that you purchase in the hopes of
+ generating income, or that you hope to sell in the future for more than
+ you paid. Using this simple definition, many things could be considered
+ investments: the house you live in, a valuable painting, stocks in
+ publicly traded companies, your savings account at the bank, or a
+ certificate of deposit. These many types of investments will be discussed
+ in this chapter in terms of how to track them using &app;.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest_terms2">
+ <title>Terminology</title>
+
+ <para>Before discussing investments specifically, it will be helpful to
+ present a glossary of investment terminology. The terms presented below
+ represent some of the basic concepts of investing. It is a good idea to
+ become familiar with these terms, or at least, refer back to this list
+ if you encounter an unfamiliar word in the later sections.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Capital gains</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The difference between
+ the purchase and selling prices of an investment. If the selling
+ price is lower than the purchase price, this is called a
+ <emphasis>capital loss</emphasis>. Also known as <emphasis>realized
+ gain/loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Commission</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The fee you pay to a broker
+ to buy or sell securities.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Common stock</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A security that
+ represents a certain fractional ownership of a company. This is what
+ you buy when you <quote>buy stock</quote> in a company on the open market. This
+ is also sometimes known as <emphasis>capital
+ stock</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Compounding</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The concept that the
+ reinvested interest can later earn interest of its own (interest on
+ interest). This is often referred to as <emphasis>compound
+ interest</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Dividends</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Dividends are cash payments a company
+ makes to shareholders. The amount of this payment is usually
+ determined as some amount of the profits of the company. Note that
+ not all common stocks give dividends.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Equities</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Equities are investments in which the
+ investor becomes part (or whole) owner in something. This includes
+ common stock in a company, or real estate.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Interest</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>What a borrower pays a lender
+ for the use of their money. Normally, this is expressed in terms of
+ a percentage of the principal per year. For example, a savings
+ account with 1% interest (you are the lender, the bank is the
+ borrower) will pay you $1 for every $100 you keep there per
+ year.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Liquidity</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A measure of how easily
+ convertible an investment is to cash. Money in a savings account is
+ very liquid, while money invested in a house has low liquidity
+ because it takes time to sell a house.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Principal</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The original amount of money
+ invested or borrowed.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Realized vs Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Unrealized gain or loss occurs when you’ve got a change in price of
+ an asset. You realize the gain/loss when you actually sell the
+ asset. See also <emphasis>capital gain/loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Return</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The total income plus capital
+ gains or losses of an investment. See also
+ <emphasis>Yield</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Risk</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The probability that the return
+ on investment is different from what was expected. Investments are
+ often grouped on a scale from low risk (savings account, government
+ bonds) to high risk (common stock, junk bonds). As a general rule of
+ thumb, the higher the risk the higher the possible return.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Shareholder</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A shareholder is a person who holds common
+ stock in a company.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Stock split</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Occurs when a company offers
+ to issue some additional multiple of shares for each existing stock.
+ For example, a <quote>2 for 1</quote> stock split means that if you own 100
+ shares of a stock, you will receive an additional 100 at no cost to
+ you. The unit price of the shares will be adjusted so there is no
+ net change in the value, so in this example the price per share will
+ be halved.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Valuation</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The process of determining
+ the market value or the price the investment would sell at in a
+ <quote>reasonable time frame</quote>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Yield</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A measure of the amount of money
+ you earn from an investment (IE: how much income you receive from
+ the investment). Typically this is reported as a percentage of the
+ principal amount. Yield does not include capital gains or loses (see
+ Return). Eg: A stock sells for $100 and gives $2 in dividends per
+ year has a yield of 2%.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest_types2">
+ <title>Types of Investments</title>
+
+ <para>Below is presented some of the broad types of investments
+ available, and examples of each type.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Interest-bearing account or
+ instrument</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>This type of investment usually allows you immediate access to
+ your money, and will typically pay you interest every month based on
+ the amount of money you have deposited. Examples are bank savings
+ accounts (and some interest bearing checking accounts) and cash
+ accounts at your brokerage. This is a very low risk investment, in
+ the US these accounts are often insured against loss, to a specified
+ limit.</para>
+
+ <para>Sometimes an interest bearing investment is
+ <emphasis>time-locked</emphasis>. This type of investment requires
+ you to commit your money to be invested for a given period of time
+ for which you receive a set rate of return. Usually, the longer you
+ commit the higher the interest rates. If you withdraw your money
+ before the maturity date, you will usually have to pay an early
+ withdrawal penalty. This is a relatively lower risk investment.
+ Examples are certificates of deposit or some government bonds. Other
+ types of Bonds may have higher yields based on the higher risks from
+ the quality of the issuer’s <quote>credit rating</quote>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Stocks and Mutual Funds</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>This is an investment you make in a company, in which you
+ effectively become a part owner. There is usually no time lock on
+ publicly traded stock, however there may be changes in the tax rates
+ you pay on capital gains depending on how long you hold the stock.
+ Thus, stocks are typically quite liquid, you can access your money
+ relatively quickly. This investment is a higher risk, as you have no
+ guarantee on the future price of a stock.</para>
+
+ <para>A mutual fund is a group investment mechanism in which you can
+ buy into many stocks simultaneously. For example, a "S&P 500
+ index fund" is a fund which purchases all 500 stocks listed in the
+ Standard and Poor’s index. When you buy a share of this fund, you
+ are really buying a small amount of each of the 500 stocks contained
+ within the fund. Mutual funds are treated exactly like a single
+ stock, both for tax purposes and in accounting.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Fixed Assets</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>Assets that increase in value over time are another form of
+ investment. Examples include a house, a plot of land, or a valuable
+ painting. This type of investment is very difficult to determine the
+ value of until you sell it. The tax implications of selling these
+ items is varied, depending on the item. For example, you may have
+ tax relief from selling a house if it is your primary residence, but
+ may not receive this tax break on an expensive painting.</para>
+
+ <para>Fixed asset investments are discussed in <xref linkend="chapter_capgain" /> and
+ <xref linkend="chapter_dep" />. Typically, there is not much to do
+ in terms of accounting for fixed asset investments except recording
+ the buying and selling transactions.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest_accounts1">
+ <title>Setting Up Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>To setup investment accounts in &app; you can either use the
+ predefined investment account hierarchy or create your own. The minimum
+ you need to do to track investments is to setup an asset account for each
+ type of investment you own. However, as we have seen in previous chapters,
+ it is usually more logical to create a structured account hierarchy,
+ grouping related investments together. For example, you may want to group
+ all your publicly traded stocks under a parent account named after the
+ brokerage firm you used to buy the stocks.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Regardless of how you setup your account hierarchy, remember that
+ you can always move accounts around later (without losing the work you’ve
+ put into them), so your initial account hierarchy does not have to be
+ perfect.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest_predefined2">
+ <title>Using Predefined Investment Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Investment Accounts</guilabel> option of the
+ <guilabel>New Account Hierarchy Setup</guilabel> assistant will
+ automatically create a basic investment account hierarchy for you. To
+ access the predefined investment accounts hierarchy, you must make
+ sure your &app; file is open, switch to the
+ <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab, and choose
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu><guimenuitem>New Account
+ Hierarchy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. This will run the <guilabel>New
+ Account Hierarchy Setup</guilabel> assistant and allow you to select
+ additional accounts to add to your account hierarchy. Choose the
+ <guilabel>Investment Accounts</guilabel> option (along with any
+ others you are interested in). Assuming only investment accounts were
+ selected, this will create an account hierarchy as shown
+ below.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>You can also run the <guilabel>New Account Hierarchy
+ Setup</guilabel> assistant by creating a new &app; file.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest_accountspredef">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_AccountsPredef.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_AccountsPredef.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Interest Investment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This is a screen image of the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab after
+ creating a new file and selecting only the default investment
+ accounts. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>You will probably at least want to add a <emphasis>Bank</emphasis>
+ account to the Assets and probably an <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balances</emphasis>
+ account, as we have done in previous chapters. Don’t
+ forget to save your new account file with a relevant name!</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest_creating2">
+ <title>Creating Investment Accounts Manually</title>
+
+ <para>If you want to set up your own investment accounts hierarchy,
+ you may of course do so. Investments usually have a number of
+ associated accounts that need to be created: an asset account to
+ track the investment itself; an income account to track dividend
+ transactions; and expense accounts to track investment fees and
+ commissions.</para>
+
+ <para>In a typical account structure, security accounts are sub accounts
+ of an asset account representing an account at a brokerage firm. The
+ brokerage account would be denominated in your local currency and it
+ would include sub accounts for each security that you trade there.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Related purchases, sales, income and expense accounts should also
+ be in the same currency as the brokerage account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The security sub accounts would each be configured to contain units
+ of a single security selected from the master (user defined) security
+ list and they are expected to use the same currency as the brokerage
+ account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Security prices are kept in a separate area of
+ &app; (the Price Database -
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>). This
+ contains prices for individual securities (not security accounts). All
+ prices for an individual security are in a single currency. If a
+ security is traded in multiple currencies, then a separate security and
+ separate accounts should be set up for each currency.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest_custom2">
+ <title>Custom Accounts Example</title>
+
+ <para>The following is a somewhat more complicated example of setting up
+ &app; to track your investments, which has the advantage that it
+ groups each different investment under the brokerage that deals with the
+ investments. This way it is easier to compare the statements you get
+ from your brokerage with the accounts you have in &app; and spot where
+ &app; differs from the statement. <literallayout>
+ Assets
+ Investments
+ Brokerage Accounts
+ I*Trade
+ Stocks
+ ACME Corp
+ Money Market Funds
+ I*Trade Municipal Fund
+ Cash
+ My Stockbroker
+ Money Market Funds
+ Active Assets Fund
+ Government Securities
+ Treas Bond xxx
+ Treas Note yyy
+ Mutual Funds
+ Fund A
+ Fund B
+ Cash
+ Income
+ Investments
+ Brokerage Accounts
+ Capital Gains
+ I*Trade
+ My Stockbroker
+ Dividends
+ I*Trade
+ Taxable
+ Non-taxable
+ My Stockbroker
+ Taxable
+ Non-taxable
+ Interest Income
+ I*Trade
+ Taxable
+ Non-taxable
+ My Stockbroker
+ Taxable
+ Non-taxable
+ Expenses
+ Investment Expenses
+ Commissions
+ I*Trade
+ My Stockbroker
+ Management Fees
+ I*Trade
+ My Stockbroker
+ </literallayout></para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>There really is no standard way to set up your investment account
+ hierarchy. Play around, try different layouts until you find something
+ which divides your investment accounts into logical groups which make
+ sense to you.</para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest_int1">
+ <title>Interest Bearing Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>Investments which have a fixed or variable rate of interest are one
+ of the simplest and most common form of investments available. Interest
+ bearing investments include your bank account, a certificate of deposit,
+ or any other kind of investment in which you receive interest from the
+ principal. This section will describe how to handle these kinds of
+ investments in &app;.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest_intacct2">
+ <title>Account Setup</title>
+
+ <para>When you purchase the interest bearing investment, you must create
+ an asset account to record the purchase of the investment, an income
+ account to record earnings from interest, and an expense account to
+ record bank charges. Below is an account layout example, in which you
+ have an interest bearing savings account and a certificate of deposit at
+ your bank.</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+Assets
+ Bank ABC
+ CD
+ Savings
+Expenses
+ Bank ABC
+ Charges
+Income
+ Interest Income
+ CD
+ Savings
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>As usual, this account hierarchy is simply presented as an
+ example, you should create your accounts in a form which best matches
+ your actual situation.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-intex2">
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <para>Now let’s populate these accounts with real numbers. Let’s assume
+ that you start with $10000 in your bank account, which pays 1% interest
+ and you buy a $5000 certificate of deposit with a 6 month maturity date
+ and a 2% yield. Clearly, it is much better to keep your money in the CD
+ than in the savings account. After the initial purchase, your accounts
+ should look something like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-int">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Interest Investment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This is an image of the account register after
+ creating and investing in a CD investment. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Now, during the course of the next 6 months, you receive monthly
+ bank statements which describe the activity of your account. In our
+ fictional example, we do nothing with the money at this bank, so the
+ only activity is income from interest and bank charges. The monthly bank
+ charges are $2. After 6 months, the register window for the CD and for the savings
+ account should look like these:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-int2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Interest Investment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This is an image of the register of the CD account
+ after 6 months. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-int2-1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int2-1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int2-1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Interest Investment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This is an image of the register of the Savings account
+ after 6 months. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>And this is the main &app; account window:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-int3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_int3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Interest Investment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This a screen capture of the accounts after 6 months.
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>From the above image of the main &app; account window you see a
+ nice summary of what happened to these investments over the 6 months.
+ While the yield on the CD is double that of the savings account, the
+ return on the CD was $50.21 versus $13.03 for the savings account, or
+ almost 4 times more. Why? Because of the pesky $2 bank charges that hit
+ the savings account (which counted for $12 over 6 months).</para>
+
+ <para>After this 6 month period, the CD has reached maturity which means
+ you may sell it with no early withdrawal penalty. To do so, simply
+ transfer the $5050.21 from the CD account into the savings
+ account.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-setup1">
+ <title>Setup Investment Portfolio</title>
+
+ <para>Now that you have built an account hierarchy in the previous
+ section, this section will show you how to create and populate the accounts with your
+ investment portfolio. After this initial setup of your portfolio, you may have
+ shares of stock purchased from before you started using &app;. For these stocks,
+ follow the instructions in the <link linkend="invest-buy-stock2"><emphasis>Entering
+ Preexisting Shares</emphasis></link> section below. If you have just purchased your stocks,
+ then use the <link linkend="invest-buy-new2"><emphasis>Buying New Shares</emphasis>
+ </link> section.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-setup-stockaccounts2">
+ <title>Setup Accounts for Stocks and Mutual Funds</title>
+
+ <para>This section will show you how to add stocks and mutual fund
+ accounts to &app;. In this section, we will assume you are using the
+ basic account setup introduced in the previous section, but
+ the principles can be applied to any account hierarchy.</para>
+
+ <para>You should have within the top level <guilabel>Asset</guilabel>
+ account, a few levels down, an account entitled
+ <guilabel>Stock</guilabel>. Open the account tree to this level by
+ clicking on the <quote>right facing triangle marker</quote> signs next
+ to the account names until the tree is opened to the depth of the new
+ account. You will need to create a sub-account (of type
+ <emphasis>stock</emphasis>) under the Stock account for every stock you
+ own. Every stock is a separate account. The naming of these stock
+ accounts is usually done using the stock ticker abbreviation, though account
+ names may be anything that is clear to you and other users. So, for
+ example, you could name your accounts <emphasis>AMZN</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>IBM</emphasis> and <emphasis>NST</emphasis> for your Amazon,
+ IBM and NSTAR stocks respectively. Below is a schematic model of the
+ layout (only showing the Assets sub-accounts).</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+ Assets
+ Investments
+ Brokerage Accounts
+ Bond
+ Mutual Funds
+ Market Index
+ Stock
+ AMZN
+ IBM
+ NST
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>If you want to track income (dividends/interest/capital gains)
+ on a per-stock or fund basis, you will need to create an
+ <emphasis>Income:Dividends:STOCKSYMBOL</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Income:Cap Gain (Long):STOCKSYMBOL</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Income:Cap Gain (Short):STOCKSYMBOL</emphasis>
+ and <emphasis>Income:Interest:STOCKSYMBOL</emphasis>
+ account for each stock you own that pays dividends or interest.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-setup-example2">
+ <title>Example Stock Account</title>
+
+ <para>As an example, let’s assume that you currently own 100 shares of
+ Amazon stock. First, create the stock account AMZN by selecting the
+ <guilabel>Stock</guilabel> account and click on the menu <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu><guimenu>New Account...</guimenu></menuchoice>. The New
+ Account dialog will appear, follow the steps, in the sequence below to
+ setup your new stock account.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-newaccount">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_newaccount.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_newaccount.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Account Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>New Account Window </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Account Name</emphasis> - Usually, use the stock
+ ticker abbreviation, IE: <quote>AMZN</quote></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Account Code</emphasis> - Optional field, use CUSIP,
+ the newspaper listing symbol, mutual fund family ID or code of your
+ own choosing.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Description</emphasis> - Optional field for detailed
+ description of the commodity/stock. Note this field by default is
+ displayed in the <guilabel>Account</guilabel> tab tree.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Account Type</emphasis> - Select the type of account
+ you are creating from the lower left-hand list.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Parent Account</emphasis> - Select the parent
+ account for the new account from the right hand listing. Expand list
+ of accounts if necessary.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Create the New Security</emphasis> - To use a new
+ stock, you must create the stock as a new commodity</para>
+
+ <note><para>Be sure to first select Account Type <emphasis>Stock
+ </emphasis> or <emphasis>Mutual Fund</emphasis> so that the
+ <guilabel>Select...</guilabel> button brings up the list of
+ securites rather than currencies.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Select Security/Currency</emphasis> - Click on
+ the <guibutton>Select ...</guibutton> button next to the
+ <guilabel>security/currency</guilabel> line. We must change the
+ security from the default (your default currency) to this
+ specific stock. This will bring up the
+ <guilabel>Select Security</guilabel> dialog.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Type</emphasis> - Select the exchange where the
+ security/commodity is traded (in this example NASDAQ).</para>
+
+ <para>Select the <guibutton>New</guibutton> button to open the
+ <guilabel>New Security</guilabel> window.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-selectsecurity">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_selectsecurity.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_selectsecurity.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Select Security Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Select Security Window </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Create the Security</emphasis> - Click on the
+ <guibutton>New...</guibutton> button and enter the appropriate
+ information for this stock on the new form <guilabel>New Security</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <!-- Open inner most loop (#3)
+-->
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The <guilabel>Full name:</guilabel> is
+ <quote>Amazon.com</quote>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The <guilabel>Symbol/abbreviation:</guilabel> is
+ <quote>AMZN</quote>. The symbol is the stock ticker used in your
+ quote source several lines down on the form. Note that different
+ symbols will be utilized on different price sources for the same stock,
+ an example is Ericsson on the Stockholm Exchange is ERIC-B while
+ on Yahoo it is ERRICB.ST</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The <guilabel>Type:</guilabel> should already be
+ <guilabel>NASDAQ</guilabel>, because this is what was selected in the security selector, but you can change it here, including adding more categories. More information about this can be found in the Help Manual in section 7.7, <quote>Security Editor</quote>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The <guilabel>ISIN, CUSIP or other code</guilabel> is where
+ you can enter some other coding number or text (leave it
+ blank in this example).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The <guilabel>Fraction traded</guilabel> should be
+ adjusted to the smallest fraction of this security which can
+ be traded, usually 1/100 or 1/10000.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The checkbox <quote>Get Online Quotes</quote>, the
+ quote source and the timezone should be selected to define
+ the sources for updating prices on-line. See Also
+ <link linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2">
+ <quote>Setting Stock Price Automatically</quote></link>.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>If the <guibutton>Get Online Quotes</guibutton> button is not highlighted, and it
+ is not tickable, then the <application>Finance::Quote</application> package is not installed.
+ See the section on
+ <link linkend="invest-stockprice-auto-install3">
+ <quote>Installing <application>Finance::Quote</application></quote></link>.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Below is what this window should look like when
+ finished: <screenshot id="invest-newsecurity">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_newsecurity.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_newsecurity.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>New Security Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>New Security Window </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Save Security</emphasis> - Click on the
+ <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button to save this new security,
+ this will close the <guilabel>New Security</guilabel> window and
+ return to the <guilabel>New Account</guilabel> window.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <!-- Close inner most loop
+-->
+ </listitem>
+
+ <!-- Close loop #2
+-->
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Select the Security</emphasis> - you should now see
+ the newly created security available in the pull down menu for
+ <guilabel>Security/Currency</guilabel>. Select it (it is probably
+ already selected) and click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Smallest Fraction</emphasis> - Specify the smallest
+ fraction of the security/commodity that is traded.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Notes</emphasis> - Enter any notes or messages
+ related to this security/commodity.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Tax Related</emphasis> - Go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Tax Report Options</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to check this box if this
+ account’s transactions will relate to Income Taxes.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Placeholder</emphasis> - Check box if this account
+ is a <quote>Placeholder</quote>, that is it will contain no
+ transactions.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Finished</emphasis> - You should now have been
+ automatically returned to the New Account dialog, with the
+ <guilabel>symbol/abbreviation:</guilabel> line set to <quote>AMZN
+ (Amazon.com)</quote>. Click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to save
+ this new stock account.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <!--
+ Outer list can now be closed
+-->
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>You have now created the Amazon stock account, your main account
+ should look something like this (notice that there are a few extra
+ accounts here, a bank account, and an equity account):</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-setup-current">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_setup_current.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_setup_current.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Current Portfolio</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image is after the creation of the first stock
+ account (AMZN)</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Open the account register window for this AMZN stock account
+ (double click on it). Here you see the <emphasis
+ role="strong">Commodity</emphasis> view. This gives you an overview of
+ the transactions in this commodity including the number of units (shares for a stock or mutual fund) bought or sold, the net price per unit, and the total amount.
+ Obviously, we have not bought or sold any shares of AMZN yet, so the register should not contain any transactions.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-buy-stock1">
+ <title>Buying Shares</title>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-buy-stock2">
+ <title>Entering Preexisting Shares</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The examples in this section use <guilabel>Transaction Journal
+ </guilabel> view.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>To register the initial 100 shares of this stock that you purchased
+ previously, on the first (transaction) line, enter the date of the
+ purchase (eg: Jan. 1 2005) and <guilabel>Description</guilabel> (eg:
+ Opening Balance). On the first split line, enter 100 in <guilabel>Shares
+ </guilabel>, delete the (unit) <guilabel>Price</guilabel> (it will be
+ calculated when you <keycap>Tab</keycap> out of the split) and enter
+ 2000 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> column.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>It is also possible to use &app; to
+ calculate <guilabel>Shares</guilabel> or <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> from
+ the other 2 columns but to avoid rounding errors, it is better to
+ automatically calculate <guilabel>Price</guilabel>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para><keycap>Tab</keycap> to the second split line, enter transfer from
+ account <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balances</emphasis>. For simplicity,
+ this example assumed there were no commissions on this transaction.
+ Your AMZN Commodity view should now appear like this:
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-setup-portfolio1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_setup_portfolio1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_setup_portfolio1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Current Portfolio</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image is of the transaction register of the AMZN
+ account after the first stock <quote>purchase</quote>.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Notice that the <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> (last column) is in the
+ units of the commodity (AMZN shares) not in currency units. Thus, the
+ balance is 100 (AMZN units) rather than $2000. This is how it should be.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-buy-new2">
+ <title>Buying New Shares</title>
+
+ <para>The main difference between setting up a new stock purchase
+ versus the setup for preexisting stocks as described in the previous
+ section is that instead of transferring the money used to purchase the
+ stock from the <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balances</emphasis> account, you
+ transfer from your <emphasis>Assets:Bank ABC</emphasis> or <emphasis>
+ Assets:Brokerage Account</emphasis> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-buy-com">
+ <title>Handling Commissions and Fees</title>
+
+ <para>For conciseness, this document will refer to the money you pay to
+ a broker for buying and selling securities as <emphasis>Commissions
+ </emphasis>. Government fees may also be payable. Unless otherwise
+ stated, fees are handled in a similar way.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In &app; there are 2 alternate ways to
+ handle commissions (for simplicity this document section will refer to
+ these ways as net pricing and gross pricing):
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Net Pricing:</emphasis> You enter a net
+ price (adjusted by commissions) when buying and selling
+ securities. You do <emphasis>not</emphasis> also record commissions
+ in a specific commissions account in order to later claim it as an
+ expense, as this would be claiming commissions twice. This way
+ <emphasis>is</emphasis> compatible with using
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellLots"></xref>. This results in a
+ slightly misleading price being added to the price database (the
+ effective price you paid) but is not usually of any concern.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>OR</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Gross Pricing:</emphasis> You enter the
+ price not adjusted by commissions and enter the commissions expense
+ on a separate split in the transaction. This enables the tracking of
+ commissions but is <emphasis>not</emphasis> compatible with using
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellLots"></xref>. Scrubbing doesn't know to
+ deduct commissions and fees from the gains, so capital gains or
+ losses must be manually calculated (see
+ <xref linkend="invest-sell-man"></xref>).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Please get professional advice if you are unsure which of these
+ ways are applicable to your jurisdiction.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-buy-gross">
+ <title>Example: Buying Shares with Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <para>In this example you will purchase $5000 of IBM stock, with a
+ commission of $100. First step will be to create the stock account for
+ IBM. The existing <emphasis>Expenses:Commission</emphasis>
+ account will be used. If you wish to track commissions to the
+ individual stock level an additional sub-account would be necessary.
+ E.g. <emphasis>Expenses:Commission:IBM</emphasis>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Now for the transaction, on the first (transaction) line, enter
+ the <guilabel>Date</guilabel> of the purchase (eg: Jan. 3 2005) and
+ <guilabel>Description</guilabel> (eg: Initial IBM Purchase). On the
+ first split line, enter 50 in <guilabel>Shares</guilabel>, delete
+ <guilabel>Price</guilabel> (leave it empty so it will be calculated)),
+ and enter 5000 in <guilabel>Buy</guilabel>. You do not need to fill in
+ the <guilabel>Price</guilabel> column, as it will be calculated for
+ you when you <keycap>Tab</keycap> to the next split. The next line in
+ the split transaction will be <emphasis>Expenses:Commissions
+ </emphasis> and fill in <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> ($100). The third
+ line will be to transfer $5100 from account <emphasis>
+ Assets:Bank ABC</emphasis> to balance the transaction. Your IBM
+ Commodity view should now appear like this:
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-setup-portfolio2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_SetupPortfolio2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_SetupPortfolio2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Current Portfolio</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image is of the transaction register of the IBM
+ account after the first stock <quote>purchase</quote> with a
+ commission.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-buy-net">
+ <title>Example: Buying Shares with Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <para>Repeating the previous example using Net Pricing instead of Gross
+ Pricing, in Transaction Journal view:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Purchase $5000 of IBM stock being 50 Shares for $100.00 each, plus
+ a commission of $100.</para>
+
+ <para>Now for the transaction, on the first (transaction) line, enter
+ the <guilabel>Date</guilabel> of the purchase (eg: Jan. 3 2005) and a
+ <guilabel>Description</guilabel> (eg: Initial IBM Purchase). On the
+ first split line, optionally enter more details in <guilabel>Memo
+ </guilabel>, then 50 in <guilabel>Shares</guilabel>, delete
+ anything in <guilabel>Price</guilabel> (so it will be calculated by
+ dividing <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> by <guilabel>Shares</guilabel> when
+ you <keycap>Tab</keycap> out of the split), 5100 in <guilabel>Buy
+ </guilabel> (50 * $100.00 + $100). Alternatively use
+ &app; to calculate <guilabel>Buy</guilabel>
+ by entering the formula <emphasis>5000+100</emphasis> or <emphasis>
+ (50 * 100) + 100 </emphasis> in <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> (
+ <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> will be calculated when you <keycap>Tab
+ </keycap> out of the column. Use the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key as many
+ times as needed to proceed to the next split.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> enter a separate split for Commission as
+ it has already been included in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> value.
+ The second split line will be to transfer from <emphasis>
+ Assets:Bank ABC</emphasis> $5100 to balance the transaction. After the
+ splits are all correct, use the <keycap function="enter" >Enter
+ </keycap> key to save the transaction. Your IBM Commodity view should
+ now appear like this:
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-setup-portfolio3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_SetupPortfolio3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_SetupPortfolio3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Setup Current Portfolio</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image is of the transaction register of the IBM
+ account after the first stock <quote>purchase</quote> with a
+ commission.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-stockprice1">
+ <title>Setting Share Price</title>
+
+ <para>The value of a commodity, such as a stock, must be explicitly set.
+ The stock accounts track the quantity of stocks you own, but the value of
+ the stock is stored in the <emphasis>Price Editor</emphasis>. The values
+ set in the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel> can be updated manually or automatically.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-stockprice-initial2">
+ <title>Initial Price Editor Setup</title>
+
+ <para>To use the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel> to track a stock value, you must initially
+ insert the stock. To do so, open the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel>
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) and
+ click on <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button. The first time a
+ Commodity/Stock is entered this window will be blank except for the
+ control buttons on the bottom. Select the appropriate Commodity you want
+ to insert into the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel>. At this point, you can input the price
+ of the commodity manually. There are 6 fields in the New Commodity
+ window:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guilabel>Namespace</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The exchange market where the security/commodity
+ is traded (in this example NASDAQ)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guilabel>Security</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name of the commodity,
+ must be chosen from the <guibutton>Select...</guibutton> list</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guilabel>Currency</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The currency in which the
+ Price is expressed.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guilabel>Date</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Date that the price is
+ valid</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guilabel>Type</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>One of: <guilabel>Bid</guilabel>
+ (the market buying price), <guilabel>Ask</guilabel> (the market
+ selling price), <guilabel>Last</guilabel> (the last transaction
+ price), <guilabel>Net Asset Value</guilabel> (mutual fund price per
+ share), or <guilabel>Unknown</guilabel>. Stocks and currencies will
+ usually give their quotes as one of bid, ask or last. Mutual funds
+ are often given as net asset value. For other commodities, simply
+ choose <guilabel>Unknown</guilabel>. This option is for informational purposes only, it
+ is not used by &app;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><guilabel>Price</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The price of one unit of this
+ commodity.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>As an example of adding the AMZN commodity to the price editor,
+ with an initial value of $40.50 per share.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-peditor">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_peditor.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_peditor.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Adding the AMZN commodity to the price editor, with
+ an initial value of $40.50 per share.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> when finished. Once you have
+ performed this initial placement of the commodity into the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel>,
+ you will not have to do it again, even if you use the same commodity in
+ another account.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>If you have online retrieval of quotes activated (see <xref
+ linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"></xref>), you can initialize a
+ commodity without manually making an entry. When you initially add
+ the security in the <guilabel>Security Editor</guilabel>, check
+ <guibutton>Get Online Quotes</guibutton> and save the security.
+ Then, in the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel>, click
+ <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton>, and the new security will be
+ inserted into the price list with the retrieved price.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-stockprice-manual2">
+ <title>Setting Stock Price Manually</title>
+
+ <para>If the value of the commodity (stock) changes, you can adjust the
+ value by entering the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel>, selecting the commodity, clicking on
+ <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> and entering the new price.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-peditor2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_peditor2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_peditor2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Price Editor</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The main price editor window, showing the list of all
+ known commodities.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-stockprice-auto2">
+ <title>Configuring for Automatic Retrieval of Quotes</title>
+
+ <para>If you have more than a couple of commodities, you will tire of
+ having to update their prices constantly. &app; has the ability to
+ automatically download the most recent price for your commodities using
+ the Internet. This is accomplished through the <application>Perl</application> module
+ <application>Finance::Quote</application>, which must be installed in order to activate this
+ feature.</para>
+
+ <para>To determine if the <application>Perl</application> module <application>Finance::Quote</application> is already
+ installed on your system, type <command>perldoc Finance::Quote</command> in
+ a terminal window and check to see if there is any documentation
+ available. If you see the documentation, then the module is installed,
+ if you do not see the documentation, then it has not been
+ installed.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-stockprice-auto-install3">
+ <title>Installing <application>Finance::Quote</application></title>
+ <para><emphasis role="strong">Microsoft Windows:</emphasis>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close &app;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Run <emphasis role="strong">Install Online Price
+ Retrieval</emphasis> which can be found in the
+ &app; <quote>Start</quote> menu
+ entry.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para><emphasis role="strong">MacOS:</emphasis> You need to
+ have XCode installed. XCode is an optional item from your MacOS
+ distribution DVD. Run the <emphasis role="strong">Update
+ Finance Quote</emphasis> app in the
+ &app; dmg. You can run it from the
+ dmg or copy it to the same folder to which you copied
+ &app;. It will open a Terminal
+ window and run a script for you which will ask lots of
+ questions. Accept the default for each unless you know what
+ you’re doing.</para>
+
+ <para><emphasis role="strong">Linux:</emphasis>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close any running &app; instances.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Locate the folder where &app;
+ is installed by searching for <application>gnc-fq-update</application></para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Change to that directory, open a root shell</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Run the command <command>gnc-fq-update</command></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ This will launch a <application>Perl</application> CPAN update session that will go out
+ onto the internet and install the <application>Finance::Quote</application> module on
+ your system. The gnc-fq-update program is interactive,
+ however, with most systems you should be able to answer
+ <quote>no</quote> to the first question: <quote>Are you ready
+ for manual configuration? [yes]</quote> and the update will
+ continue automatically from that point.</para>
+
+ <para>After installation is complete, you should run the <quote>gnc-fq-dump</quote>
+ test program, in the same directory, distributed with &app; to test
+ if <application>Finance::Quote</application> is installed and working properly.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>If you feel uncomfortable about performing any of these steps,
+ please either email the &app;-user mailing list
+ (<email>gnucash-user at gnucash.org</email>) for help or come to the &app; IRC
+ channel on irc.gnome.org. You can also leave out this step and
+ manually update your stock prices.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-stockprice-auto-configure3">
+ <title>Configuring Securities for Online Quotes</title>
+
+ <para>With <application>Finance::Quote</application> installed and functioning correctly, you
+ must configure your &app; securities to use this feature to
+ obtain updated price information automatically. Whether creating new securities or modifying securities
+ that have already been setup, use the <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Security Editor</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>, to edit the
+ security and check the <guilabel>Get Online Quotes</guilabel> box. You will
+ now be able to modify the radio buttons for <guilabel>Type of quote source</guilabel>, the pull-down menus
+ to specify the specific source(s) and <guilabel>The timezone for these
+ quotes</guilabel>. When finished editing, <guilabel>Close</guilabel> the Security Editor to return to
+ the <guilabel>Price Editor</guilabel> and click on the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton>
+ button to update your stock prices on the Internet.</para>
+
+ <para>The command <command>gnucash --add-price-quotes $HOME/gnucash-filename</command>
+ can be used to fetch the current prices of your stocks. The file specified
+ <filename class="directory">$HOME/gnucash-filename</filename> will depend on the name and location of your
+ data file.
+ This can be determined by the name displayed in the top frame of the &app; window,
+ before the <quote>-</quote>. The file name can also be found under <guimenu>File</guimenu>
+ in the recently opened file list; the first item, numbered 1, is the name of the currently
+ open file.</para>
+
+ <para>This can be automated by creating a <application>crontab</application> entry. For example,
+ to update your file every Friday evening (16:00) after the relevant exchange
+ markets close (modify the time accordingly for your time zone), you could add
+ the following to your personal <application>crontab</application>:</para>
+
+ <para>0 16 * * 5 gnucash --add-price-quotes $HOME/gnucash-filename >
+ /dev/null 2>&1</para>
+
+ <para>Remember that Mutual Fund <quote>prices</quote> are really <quote>Net Asset
+ Value</quote> and require several hours after the exchange closes before being
+ available. If <acronym>NAV</acronym>s are downloaded before the current days <acronym>NAV</acronym>s are
+ determined, yesterday’s <acronym>NAV</acronym>s are retrieved.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-stockprice-view2">
+ <title>Displaying Share Value</title>
+
+ <para>The main account window, by default, only shows the quantity of
+ each commodity that you own, under the column heading
+ <guilabel>Total</guilabel>. In the case of stocks, this commodity is the
+ number of shares. Often, however, you will want to see the value of your
+ stocks expressed in terms of some monetary unit. This is easily
+ accomplished by entering the main window, selecting the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab,
+ by clicking on the <emphasis>Titlebar</emphasis> <guibutton>Options</guibutton> button (the small
+ down pointing arrow on the right side of the main account window titles bar), and
+ selecting the option to display the account total field <quote>Total
+ (USD)</quote>. You will see a new column in the main window entitled
+ <guilabel>Total (USD)</guilabel> that will express the value of all
+ commodities in the report currency.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-stockvalue">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockvalue.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockvalue.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Viewing Stock Value</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Viewing the value of a stock commodity in the main
+ window using the Total in Report Currency option.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-stockprice-report">
+ <title>The <quote>Price Source</quote> in Reports</title>
+
+ <para>Most &app; reports have options to set/modify a number of parameters for the report. The
+ Options dialog box is displayed by selecting the report tab then clicking on either the <guibutton>Options</guibutton>
+ icon in the <emphasis>Menubar</emphasis> or selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Report Options</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
+ <guilabel>Price Source</guilabel> determines how accounts denominated in commodities different from the report currency are converted to the report currency. Depending on the report the selector may appear in either the <guilabel>General</guilabel>, the <guilabel>Commodities</guilabel>, or the <guilabel>Display</guilabel> tab of the <guilabel>Report Options</guilabel> dialog box.
+ <note>
+ <para>In the example below, the report is a customization of
+ the <emphasis role="strong">Average Balance</emphasis> report
+ in the Assets & Liabilities reports submenu.</para>
+ </note>
+ <screenshot id="invest-stockvalue-report-options">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockvalue_report_options.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Determining Stock Price/Currency Exchange Rate Source in Reports</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Determining the value of a stock commodity or
+ a currency other than the report currency in a report by
+ setting the Price Source option.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Weighted Average</guilabel>: Calculates the price by summing the absolute value of the amount and the absolute value of every split in every account denominated in the commodity, excluding those splits with a zero amount, and dividing the sum of values by the sum of amounts to obtain a price. For example, if you had a buy transaction for 200 shares of XYZ for a total of 2000 and a sell of 100 for 1300 the weighted average would be 3300/300 or 11/share.
+ </para>
+ <note><para>Gain/Loss splits have an amount of 0 and are <emphasis>not</emphasis> included in this calculation.</para></note>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Average Cost</guilabel>: Calculates the price by summing the amounts and values of every split in every account denominated in the commodity, including the zero amount splits. In the example above, with an additional split (either part of the sale transaction or in a separate transaction) booking the gain at 0 shares and a 300 gain, the average cost is 1000/100 (2000 original cost - 1300 proceeds from the sale + 300 gain)/(200 - 100) shares or 10/share.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><para>Gain/Loss splits <emphasis>are</emphasis> included in this calculation.
+ </para></note>
+ <note><para>This is the <emphasis>only</emphasis> <guilabel>Price Source</guilabel> that will balance the <guilabel>Trial Balance Report</guilabel> and in order for it to balance you <emphasis>must</emphasis> correctly book your gains and losses.
+ </para></note>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Most Recent</guilabel>: Uses the latest price from the price database.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Nearest in time</guilabel>: Uses the price nearest in time to the report date—the datum date for time series reports like <guilabel>Assets Over Time</guilabel>—from the price database.
+ </para>
+ <note><para>The nearest date isn’t necessarily before the date in question.
+ </para></note>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ <screenshot id="invest-stockvalue-report">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockvalue_report.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An Asset Barchart Report based on the <guilabel>Nearest in
+ time</guilabel> Price Source.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Tracking what value your stocks would’ve had on the
+ stock exchanges.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-sell1">
+ <title>Selling Shares</title>
+
+ <para>Entering an investment sale transaction is done in a similar way to
+ entering a buy transaction (see <xref linkend="invest-buy-new2" />) except
+ the amount entered in the <emphasis>Shares</emphasis> column is negative
+ and the proceeds of the transaction is entered in the <emphasis>Sell
+ </emphasis> column. The net proceeds from the sale should be
+ transferred from the shares account to your bank or brokerage account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>For information on handling <emphasis>commissions</emphasis> and the
+ use of <emphasis>Net Pricing</emphasis> or <emphasis>Gross Pricing</emphasis>,
+ please see <xref linkend="invest-buy-com" />.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If you will be recording a capital gain or loss on the sale, please
+ see <xref linkend="chapter_capgain" /> and <xref linkend="chapter_dep" />
+ for more information on this topic.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>To use the &app;<emphasis> Automatic
+ Calculation of Capital Gain or Loss Using Lots</emphasis> feature, please
+ see <xref linkend="invest-sellLots" /> otherwise continue to the next
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-sell-man">
+ <title>Selling Shares with Manual Calculation of Capital Gain or Loss
+ </title>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>In order for &app; to commit the
+ zero-share, zero-price split for account <emphasis>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL
+ </emphasis> to the transaction in the following schemes, you *must*
+ <keycap>Tab</keycap> out of that split. If you use the
+ <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key,
+ &app; will convert the split into shares of the commodity.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>In the schemes of transaction splits presented below, the
+ following symbols are used:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>NUM_SHARES: number of shares you are selling</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>COMMISSION: brokerage commissions or fees</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>GROSS_SELL_PRICE: unit price for which you sold the
+ shares, not reduced by COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>NET_SELL_PRICE: unit price for which you sold the shares,
+ reduced by COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GROSS_BUY_PRICE: unit price for which you bought the shares,
+ not increased by COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>NET_BUY_PRICE: unit price for which you bought the shares,
+ increased by COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>GROSS_BUY: total price for which you bought shares,
+ excluding COMMISSION, equal to NUM_SHARES * GROSS_BUY_PRICE</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>NET_BUY: amount of money for which you bought shares
+ including COMMISSION, equal to GROSS_BUY + COMMISSION.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>GROSS_SALE: total price for which you sold shares,
+ equal to NUM_SHARES * GROSS_SELL_PRICE</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>NET_SALE: amount of money received from the sale, equal to
+ GROSS_SALE − COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>GROSS_PROFIT: amount of money you made on the sale, not
+ reduced by COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>NET_PROFIT: amount of money you made on the sale, reduced by
+ COMMISSION</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>There are 2 ways of manually recording the capital gain or loss.
+ The capital gain/loss can be combined with the sale in one transaction
+ or it can be entered in a separate transaction.
+
+ </para>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sell-man-comb">
+ <title>Combine the Sale and Capital Gain/Loss in One Transaction</title>
+
+ <para>This has the advantage that all parts of the sale event are kept
+ together. This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> compatible with using
+ <emphasis>scrubbing</emphasis>
+ (see <xref linkend="invest-sellLots" />). If you may in future use
+ scrubbing on a specific security, save some work later by entering the
+ capital gain/loss splits in a separate transaction now.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>When the capital gain/loss splits are combined with the sale
+ splits in one transaction, there are 2 splits for the security
+ account in the same transaction, so the transaction must be entered
+ with the security register in <guilabel> Auto-Split Ledger</guilabel>
+ or <guilabel>Transaction Journal</guilabel> view. One of the splits
+ for the security account is for the sale and the other is for the
+ capital gain or loss. The security account split for the capital gain
+ or loss must be entered with 0 number of shares and 0 price per share
+ to stop the automatic recalculation of these fields.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Account for the profit or loss as coming from an
+ <emphasis>Income:Capital Gains</emphasis> or
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Capital Loss</emphasis> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect4 id="invest-sell-man-comb-gr">
+ <title>Combined, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale and Capital Gain/Loss Are
+ Combined, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Number of Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Share Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>NET_SALE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_PROFIT</entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Commission</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>COMMISSION</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>−NUM_SHARES</entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_SELL_PRICE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_SALE</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gains</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_PROFIT</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="invest-sell-man-comb-net">
+ <title>Combined, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale and Capital Gain/Loss Are
+ Combined, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Number of Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Share Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>NET_SALE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>NET_PROFIT</entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>−NUM_SHARES</entry>
+ <entry>NET_SELL_PRICE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>NET_SALE</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ <entry>NET_PROFIT</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sell-man-sep">
+ <title>Separate the Capital Gain/Loss Transaction from the Sale
+ Transaction.</title>
+
+ <para>This is <emphasis>required</emphasis> if using <emphasis>scrubbing
+ </emphasis> to automatically calculate and create capital gain/loss
+ transactions (otherwise scrubbing will not detect them and will create
+ an incorrectly valued gain/loss transaction).
+ </para>
+
+ <sect4 id="invest-sell-man-sep-gr">
+ <title>Separated, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale and Capital Gain/Loss Are
+ Separate Transactions, Sale Transaction</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Number of Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Share Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>NET_SALE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Commission</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>COMMISSION</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>−NUM_SHARES</entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_SELL_PRICE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_SALE</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale and Capital Gain/Loss Are
+ Separate Transactions, Capital Gain/Loss Transaction</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Number of Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Share Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_PROFIT</entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ <entry>GROSS_PROFIT</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="invest-sell-man-sep-net">
+ <title>Separated, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale and Capital Gain/Loss Are
+ Separate Transactions, Sale Transaction</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Number of Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Share Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>NET_SALE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>−NUM_SHARES</entry>
+ <entry>NET_SELL_PRICE</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>NET_SALE</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale and Capital Gain/Loss Are
+ Separate Transactions, Capital Gain/Loss Transaction</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Number of Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Share Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Total Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Stock:SYMBOL</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>NET_PROFIT</entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>(Loss)</entry>
+ <entry>NET_PROFIT</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-sell-man-examples">
+ <title>Examples of Selling Shares with Manually Entry of Capital Gain or
+ Loss</title>
+
+ <para>In these examples we will use the AMZN account created in the
+ previous section.
+ </para>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sell-man-prof-comb-gross">
+ <title>Example: Sale of Shares with Profit, Manual Profit/Loss
+ Calculation, Sale & Profit Combined, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <para>In this example you bought 100 shares of AMZN for $20 per share,
+ then later sell them all for $36 per share with a commission of $75.
+ In the split transaction scheme above, GROSS_BUY_PRICE is $20 (the
+ original buying price), NUM_SHARES is 100, GROSS_BUY is $2000 (the
+ original buying cost), GROSS_SALE is $3600, and finally GROSS_PROFIT
+ is $1600 (GROSS_SALE − GROSS_BUY).
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale & Gain Combined, Gross
+ Pricing</title>
+
+ <?dbfo table-width="70%" ?>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="4*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3525.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>1600.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Commission</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>75.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>−100</entry>
+ <entry>36.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3600.00</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain (Long Term):AMZN</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>1600.00</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-sellstockManProfComb">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstock.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstock.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Selling Shares Example</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An example of selling shares for gain. You bought 100
+ shares of AMZN for $20 per share, and sold for $36.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <note><para>In the above screenshot, it appears there are 2 transactions
+ for Mar 21st 2006. This is because the register is in <guilabel>
+ Auto-Split Ledger</guilabel> view and there are 2 splits for the
+ register account in the 1 transaction. <guilabel>Transaction Journal
+ </guilabel> view may be clearer. Refer to
+ <xref linkend="txns-registers-txntypes" />. As there are 2 splits for
+ the register account in the sale transaction, this transaction must be
+ entered in <guilabel>Auto-Split Ledger</guilabel> or <guilabel>
+ Transaction Journal</guilabel> view. It cannot be entered in
+ <guilabel>Basic Ledger</guilabel> view.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para> </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-sellstockManProfComb2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstock2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstock2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Selling Shares Example</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the account tree after the example of
+ selling shares for gain. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sell-man-prof-comb-net">
+ <title>Example: Sale of Shares with Profit, Manual Profit/Loss
+ Calculation, Sale & Profit Combined, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <para>In this example you bought 100 shares of AMZN for $20 per share
+ (including commissions), then later sell them all for $36 per share
+ with a commission of $75. In the split transaction scheme above,
+ NUM_SHARES is 100, NET_BUY_PRICE is $20 (the original buying price),
+ NET_BUY is $2000 (the original buying cost), NET_SELL_PRICE is $35.25
+ (($3600 − $75) / 100)), GROSS_SALE is $3600, NET_SALE is $3525,
+ and finally NET_PROFIT is $1525 (NET_SALE − NET_BUY).
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale & Gain Combined, Net
+ Pricing</title>
+
+ <?dbfo table-width="70%" ?>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="4*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3525.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>1525.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>−100</entry>
+ <entry>35.25</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3525.00</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain (Long Term):AMZN</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>1525.00</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-sellstockManProfCombNet">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstockManProfCombNet.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstockManProfCombNet.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Selling Shares Example</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An example of selling shares for gain using net
+ pricing in transaction journal view. You bought 100 shares of AMZN
+ for $20 per share, and sold for $36.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para> </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sell-man-prof-sep-gross">
+ <title>Example: Sale of Shares with Profit, Manual Profit/Loss
+ Calculation, Sale & Profit Separated, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <para>You bought 100 shares of AMZN for $20 per share and commissions
+ $20, then later sell them all for $36 per share with a commission of
+ $75. In the split transaction scheme above, GROSS_BUY_PRICE is $20
+ (the original buying price), NUM_SHARES is 100, GROSS_BUY is $2000
+ (the original buying cost), GROSS_SALE is $3600, and finally
+ GROSS_PROFIT is $1600 (GROSS_SALE − GROSS_BUY).
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale Transaction, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <?dbfo table-width="70%" ?>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="4*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3525.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Commission</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>75.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>−100</entry>
+ <entry>36.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3600.00</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Gain Transaction, Gross Pricing</title>
+
+ <?dbfo table-width="70%" ?>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="4*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>1600.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain (Long Term):AMZN</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>1600.00</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-sellstockManProfSep">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstockManProfSep.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstockManProfSep.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Selling Shares Example</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An example of selling shares for gain where the sale
+ and gain are recorded in separate transactions, in <guilabel>
+ Transaction Journal</guilabel> view. You bought 100 shares of AMZN
+ for $20 per share, and sold for $36.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sell-man-prof-sep-net">
+ <title>Example: Sale of Shares with Profit, Manual Profit/Loss
+ Calculation, Sale & Profit Separated, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <para>You bought 100 shares of AMZN for $20 per share (including
+ commissions), then later sell them all for $36 per share with a
+ commission of $75. In the split transaction scheme above, NUM_SHARES
+ is 100, NET_BUY_PRICE is $20 (the original buying price), NET_BUY is
+ $2000 (the original buying cost), NET_SELL_PRICE is $35.25
+ (($3600 − $75) / 100)), GROSS_SALE is $3600, NET_SALE is $3525,
+ and finally NET_PROFIT is $1525 (NET_SALE − NET_BUY).
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Sale Transaction, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <?dbfo table-width="70%" ?>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="4*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank ABC</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3525.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>−100</entry>
+ <entry>35.25</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>3525.00</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Selling Shares Split Scheme, Gain Transaction, Net Pricing</title>
+
+ <?dbfo table-width="70%" ?>
+
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="4*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="2*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Brokerage Account:Stock:AMZN</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>1525.00</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gain (Long Term):AMZN</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>1525.00</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-sellstockManProfSepNet">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstockManProfSepNet.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_sellstockManProfSep.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Selling Shares Example</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An example of selling shares for gain where the sale and
+ gain are recorded in separate transactions, in <guilabel>Transaction
+ Journal</guilabel> view. You bought 100 shares of AMZN for $20 per
+ share, and sold for $36.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-sellLots">
+ <title>Selling Shares with Automatic Calculation of Capital Gain or Loss
+ Using Lots</title>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellLotsIntro">
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="&url-wp-ru;Лот">Wikipedia</ulink>
+ includes the following definition of a lot
+ </para>
+ <para><quote>a set of goods for sale together in an auction; or a
+ quantity of a financial instrument</quote>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ &app; has a built-in lot management
+ facility that can be used to keep track of capital gains or losses
+ resulting from security sales. Buy and sell transactions are put into
+ lots for the purpose of calculating the cost of the sale. More
+ specifically, a lot is used to link particular buy and sell
+ transaction splits. Lots can be automatically or manually created and
+ linked. Capital gain or loss can be automatically calculated and
+ transaction(s) created for the difference between the sale value and
+ the cost of the securities sold. &app;
+ refers to this process as <emphasis>scrubbing</emphasis>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The term <emphasis>scrub</emphasis> is used because security
+ accounts need to be cleaned after sales to ensure the difference
+ between the cost paid for securities, and value received from selling
+ them, is accounted for as capital gain or loss. If the capital
+ gain/loss is not correct, the Trial Balance
+ (<menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>) bottom line total debits will not balance to
+ total credits.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><para>If you make an error, you can delete the lot(s) and capital
+ gain/loss transaction(s) and retry. Ensure you delete the lot, or at
+ least unlink sale transactions from the lot, before you delete a
+ capital gain/loss transaction. Otherwise, the <guilabel>Lots in
+ Account</guilabel> screen will recreate the capital gain/loss
+ transaction when you select the lot.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are not familiar with FIFO, LIFO or Average costing, please see
+ Wikipedia <ulink
+ url="&url-wp-ru;FIFO_и_LIFO">
+ FIFO and LIFO accounting</ulink> and <ulink
+ url="&url-wp-en;Average_cost_method">
+ Average cost method</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are not familiar with the difference between
+ &app; transactions and splits, please see
+ <xref linkend="txns-registers-txntypes" />.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The &app; lot management facility can be a
+ useful feature, reducing manual calculation, especially if dividends
+ have been reinvested over years and there are many different costs
+ involved. It can automatically link buy transactions to sell
+ transactions using FIFO cost method and one can manually link specific
+ buy transactions to sell transactions in order to use LIFO.
+ Advanced Portfolio Report basis costs and gains/losses will agree with
+ the costs and gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing if either
+ the FIFO or LIFO cost methods are used.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellLotsWin">
+ <title>Lots in Account Window</title>
+ <para>
+ The <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window, where SSSS is
+ a security account, is used to manually or automatically link
+ security transaction splits to lots and create capital gain/loss
+ transactions to account for the difference between the costs of buying
+ a security and the value received by selling it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>To open the <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window, open the
+ security account register, then select
+ <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots in Account window
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="tool-lotsInAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Refer to the Help Manual, Chapter 8 Tools & Assistants,
+ <ulink
+url="https://www.gnucash.org/docs/v&series-stable;/C/gnucash-help/tool-lots.html">
+ Lots in Account
+ </ulink> for details of the Lots in Account screen elements.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellProcedure">
+ <title>Procedure Summary</title>
+
+ <para>Using the lot management facility for the automatic calculation of
+ capital gain or loss typically follows these steps:
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Record the sale transaction using Net Pricing (but stop short
+ of entering the Capital Gain transaction as it will be created by
+ scrubbing). See <xref linkend="invest-sell-man-prof-sep-net" />.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <!-- Manual Lot Creation and Linking -->
+ <listitem><para><xref linkend="invest-sellManual" /> (Optional
+ depending on cost method)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <!-- Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions -->
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAuto" /></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <!-- Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account -->
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct" /></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <!-- Run a Trial Balance -->
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellTrialBal" /> report to ensure total
+ debits balance to total credits</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellManual">
+ <title>Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
+
+ <para>Before using this feature, ensure you have read
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations" />.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>This functionality allows the manual linking of specfic buy and
+ sell transactions. It may be used in the case where a user wishes to
+ use a different cost method than the automatic linking method (FIFO).
+ Effectively, if one wishes the cost basis and capital gains in the
+ Advanced Portfolio Report to be consistent with the capital gains
+ transactions created by scrubbing, manual lot creation only needs to
+ be used when using LIFO or <quote>sale of designated lots</quote>
+ (the same thing for securities as far as US personal tax law is
+ concerned). This is because the scrub function can automatically do
+ FIFO linking so there is no need to do it manually and scrubbing
+ cannot be used for average costing.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellManualExample" />.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellAuto">
+ <title>Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions</title>
+ <note><para>Do <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this unless you are using
+ FIFO or LIFO to cost sales. See
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations" /></para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>&app; can automatically calculate and
+ create security sale capital gain/loss transactions. Lots are used to
+ link buy transaction splits with sell transaction splits so the
+ correct cost of the securities sold can be determined.
+ &app; will use any existing lots, and
+ create new lots for any buy transaction splits not already linked to a
+ lot. Buy and sell transaction splits are linked to lots using FIFO
+ method.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See:</para>
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample" /></para>
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample2" /></para>
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellFifoSplit" /></para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct">
+ <title>Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The capital gain/loss transaction(s) created by scrubbing uses an
+ automatically created generic <emphasis>Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis>
+ account (where CCC is the security currency) because
+ &app; doesn't know which capital gain or loss account
+ should be used. After scrubbing, the user should edit the <emphasis>
+ Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
+ income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or loss
+ account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample" />.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellTrialBal">
+ <title>Run a Trial Balance</title>
+ <para>Running a Trial Balance report
+ (<menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>) after creating capital gain/loss
+ transactions, is a basic check that capital gains/losses are
+ correctly accounting for the difference between the cost paid for
+ securities, and value received from selling them. At the end of the
+ report, total debits should equal total credits.
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>A Trial Balance may not balance due to some other problem. To
+ determine if the cause of an imbalance is from incorrectly
+ accounting for capital gain/loss:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If necessary, temporarily change the date of the sell
+ transaction and the capital gain/loss transaction, so they are
+ the only transactions for a particular date, then run the Trial
+ Balance as at the day before. If the Trial Balance is still out
+ by the same amount, it is not the capital gain/loss that is
+ causing the problem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If you find a prior <emphasis>out of balance
+ </emphasis> Trial Balance, keep running the Trial Balance
+ report with different dates until you find the date it starts
+ being out of balance. Temporarily change the transaction dates
+ for each transaction on the problem date to the following
+ day, then change the dates back to the correct date 1 at a time,
+ running the Trial Balance each time, until you identify the
+ problem transaction. When you change the date of a security
+ sell transaction, you also need to change the date of the
+ corresponding capital gain transaction as it is only the
+ sum of these that will balance in the Trial Balance.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellConsiderations">
+ <title>Considerations</title>
+
+ <para>There are some points that should be considered before using the
+ lot management facility.
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>&app; implements only the First In/
+ First Out (FIFO) cost method when automatically linking buy
+ transactions to sell transactions. I.e. The oldest securities are
+ always sold first. The Last In First Out (LIFO) cost method may be
+ used by manually linking the most recent buy security splits to
+ the sell split before scrubbing.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The Advanced Portfolio Report does not use lot information
+ when calculating costs, just the security transaction splits. It
+ calculates the cost basis and gains or losses using the selected
+ <emphasis>Basis calculation method</emphasis> report option
+ (Average, FIFO or LIFO). If one wishes the Advanced Portfolio
+ Report costs and gains/losses to be consistent with the capital
+ gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing, the same cost model
+ must be used in both places.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Scrubbing does not recognize commissions or fees so makes no
+ allowance for them in the calculation of gain or loss. Therefore
+ you must use <emphasis>Net Pricing</emphasis> rather than
+ <emphasis>Gross Pricing</emphasis> if you wish to use scrubbing.
+ See <xref linkend="invest-buy-com" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Scrubbing does not recognize capital gain/loss transaction
+ splits if they have been manually entered as part of the sale
+ transaction. Therefore ensure previous sales are recorded as 2
+ transactions:
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Transaction 1 dealing with value received and the reduction
+ of the number of shares
+ </title>
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Brokerage or Bank</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>Debit</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Security</entry>
+ <entry>−NumSold</entry>
+ <entry>SaleUnitPrice</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>SaleValue</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Transaction 2 capital gain/loss (loss in this example)
+ </title>
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Capital Loss</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>Debit</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Security</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>Credit</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The automatic capital gains calculations can handle
+ straightforward buy, sell, and return of capital transactions but
+ any transaction that affect the number of shares, even simple
+ splits, will cause it to produce wrong answers so those cases must
+ be handled manually.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellManualExample">
+ <title>Example 1: Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
+
+ <para>Here is an example of selling part of a security holding using
+ the LIFO method. In this example, the most recent buy transaction
+ (dated 01/07/2016, a reinvested dividend), is linked to a lot, along
+ with the sell transaction, and the &app;
+ scrub function is used to calculate capital gain or loss and create
+ the capital gain/loss transaction.
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Open the security account's register.</para>
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Security register before
+ scrubbing a single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots0reg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register before lot scrubbing
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, before lot scrubbing.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ensure all previous capital gain/loss transactions
+ are separate transactions to the sell transactions which record the
+ reduction in the number of shares and the value received.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select
+ <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice> to open the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel>
+ window where SSSS is the security account.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots1B4CreateLot">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before lot
+ scrubbing
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window before lot scrubbing.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create a new lot using the <guimenu>New Lot</guimenu> button.
+ Initially this lot is not linked to any buy or sell split.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Highlight the new lot in the <guilabel>Lots in This
+ Account</guilabel> panel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Highlight the buy split (dated 01/07/2016) of the
+ security to be sold in the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> panel.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the buy
+ split with the highlighted lot. The split moves from the <guilabel>
+ Splits free</guilabel> panel to the <guilabel>Splits in Lot
+ </guilabel> panel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Repeat the previous 2 steps for any other buy splits
+ that should be included in the lot (in this example, there is only
+ 1 buy split in the sale).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Highlight the sell split in the <guilabel>Splits free
+ </guilabel> panel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the sell
+ split with the highlighted lot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Check the lot <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> is as expected.
+ I.e. in this example the lot balance should be zero as the number
+ of securities sold in the lot, is matched with the same number of
+ security buys.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
+ single lot, after manual linking
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots2B4Scrub1Lot">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window before scrubbing a single lot.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button (<emphasis>NOT
+ </emphasis> the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window has not
+ changed after using the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button
+ so no example screen image is supplied.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window and
+ return to the security account register.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after manual
+ linking and scrubbing a single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots2RegAftScrub1Lot">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_RegAfterScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_RegAfterScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Register after scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Register after scrubbing a
+ single lot.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Continue to
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct" /></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample">
+ <title>Example 2: Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+ Transactions</title>
+
+ <para>Create the capital gains transaction by following these steps:
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the security account's register.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ensure any previous manually entered capital gain/loss
+ transaction splits have been entered in separate transactions to the
+ the sell transactions.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Select <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
+ <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
+ security account.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If using LIFO, use the above procedure
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellManual" /> to create a lot for each sell
+ transaction, link the lot with the sell transaction and each of
+ the buy transactions that make up the sale.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button which:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Creates lots for any buy transactions that are not already
+ linked to a lot and links them to sell transactions splits
+ using the FIFO method. As a transaction split can only
+ be linked to 1 lot, if a sell transaction needs to be linked
+ to multiple lots, the sell transaction split is itself split
+ into multiple subsplits. In the case of multiple subsplits,
+ it is possible to have different splits from the same
+ transaction in both the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>Splits in lot</guilabel> panels.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Creates a separate transaction per lot for
+ capital gain/loss.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Continue to
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct" /></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample2">
+ <title>Example 3: Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+ Transactions, 2 Sales at Once</title>
+
+ <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot creation.
+ In this example, the transactions for 2 sales are scrubbed at once
+ but usually scrubbing would be performed after each sale. One reason
+ for scrubbing 2 sales at once, could be because there were multiple
+ sales on the same day.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register before Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots0reg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register before Scrub Account is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, before Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
+ <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
+ security account.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots1B4ScrubAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before Scrub Account
+ is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window before Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button.</para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots2AftScrubAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window after using Scrub
+ Account
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window after using Scrub Account.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>After using the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button
+ only the last lot is shown, so the above image is after the
+ <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window has been closed and
+ reopened so all the lots show.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window and
+ return to the security account register.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub
+ Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots3AftScrubAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after using Scrub
+ Account
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
+ </emphasis> after using Scrub Account.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>The security splits in the sell transactions have been split
+ into subsplits, one subsplit per lot, and a capital gain
+ transaction has been created for each security subsplit of each
+ sell transaction.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Continue to <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct" />
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellFifoSplit">
+ <title>Example 4: Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+ Transactions - After a Simple Stock Split</title>
+ <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot
+ creation/linking, where the Stock Split Assistant has been used for a
+ simple stock split. In this example, 100 shares of security XYZ were
+ bought for $10.00 each, there was a simple 2 for 1 stock split for
+ zero cost (so the holding was then 200 shares @ $5.00 each), then all
+ 200 shares were sold for $6.00 each.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitReg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is
+ used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 0 after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot0">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 1 after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is
+ used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>The above screen shots show that scrubbing created:</para>
+
+ <para>2 lots. A separate lot for each buy (it essentially treats the
+ stock split as a buy of 100 for no cost)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>2 capital gain transactions (one for each lot) on the date of the
+ sale:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Lot 0: 1/7/2009 loss $400 (sale $600 − cost $1000)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Lot 1: 1/7/2009 gain $600 (sale $600 − cost $0)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Total gain $200 is correct. Whether the gain is a single long-term
+ one or one each of long-term and short-term or whether there's even a
+ distinction depends on the user's tax jurisdiction and the way the
+ split is structured. If the user needs help figuring it out they
+ should consult a professional.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample">
+ <title>
+ Example 5: Changing the Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account
+ </title>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window if
+ open and return to the security account register.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots4AftScrub1LotReg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_RegAfterScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_RegAfterScrub1Lot.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
+ </emphasis> after scrubbing a single lot.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Find each new <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>
+ transaction in the security account register (they will
+ have the same date as the sell transactions). Edit the <emphasis>
+ Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
+ income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or
+ loss account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital
+ Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>You may like to split the capital gain/loss into
+ taxable and non taxable parts if that is in accord with your
+ tax laws.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-dividends1">
+ <title>Dividends</title>
+
+ <para>Some companies or mutual funds pay periodic dividends to
+ shareholders. Dividends are typically given in one of two ways, either
+ they are automatically reinvested into the commodity or they are given as
+ cash. Mutual funds are often setup to automatically reinvest the dividend,
+ while common stock dividends usually pay cash.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-dividendcash">
+ <title>Dividends in Cash</title>
+
+ <para>If the dividend is presented as cash, you should record the
+ transaction in the asset account that received the money, as income
+ from <emphasis>Income:Dividends</emphasis>. Additionally if you want to tie
+ the cash dividend to a particular stock holding then add a dummy
+ transaction split to the stock account with quantity 0 price 1 value 0.</para>
+
+ <para>As an example consider the following; the dividends
+ deposited as cash into the <emphasis>Broker</emphasis> Account with a tie
+ to the stock account.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-dividendcash1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of cash dividend transactions</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Brokerage</emphasis> Account register after a series of cash
+ dividends. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>If you want to track dividends on a per-stock basis, you would
+ need to create an <emphasis>Income:Dividends:STOCKSYMBOL</emphasis> account for each stock
+ you own that pays dividends.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-dividendreinvest">
+ <title>Dividends Re-Invested</title>
+
+ <para>If you receive the dividend in the form of an automatic
+ reinvestment, the transaction for this should be handled within
+ the stock or mutual fund account as income from <quote>Income:Dividend</quote> for the
+ appropriate number of reinvested shares. This type of reinvest account is often referred
+ to as a DRIP (Dividend Re-Investment Program).</para>
+
+ <para>As an example consider the following purchase of NSTAR (NST) stock with the
+ dividends reinvested into a DRIP Account. Mutual fund re-investments would be the same.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Starting with the purchase of 100 shares on Jan. 3, 2005, all dividends will be
+ reinvested and an account is created to track the dividend to the specific stock. &app;
+ simplifies the entry by allowing calculations within the cells of the transaction. If the
+ first dividend is $.29/share, enter $53.28 (purchase price + dividend) in the share <guilabel>Price</guilabel>
+ cell and 100*.29 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> cell. &app; will calculate for you the
+ corresponding numer of <guilabel>Shares</guilabel></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-dividendreinvest1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of dividend reinvestment transactions</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the NST Stock Account register after a dividend
+ reinvestment. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-retofcap">
+ <title>Return of Capital</title>
+
+ <para>This refers to a transaction where an investment returns capital to
+ the investor and doesn't have any accounting implications other than
+ reducing the cost basis. The number of shares held is not changed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>A Return of Capital transaction can be entered in the stock register
+ by entering the stock split with
+ </para>
+
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Shares</entry><entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Price</entry><entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Sell</entry><entry>Return of Capital value</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+
+ <para>The other side of the double entry would usually be a debit to the
+ brokerage bank account.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-ret-of-cap">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Chris Good"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of return of capital transactions</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Stock Account register after a return
+ of capital.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <note><para>It is not possible to use the Stock Split Assistant to do this
+ type of transaction.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <tip><para>If you accidentally entered a non-zero price in the stock split,
+ &app; may have created an unwanted price database
+ entry which could cause reports to be wrong. Check for and remove such an
+ unwanted entry from the price database using <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools
+ </guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+<!-- Stock Splits - Simple
+
+-->
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-splitsnmergers1">
+ <title>Splits and Mergers</title>
+
+ <para>Companies may split their stock for many reasons but the most common
+ is that the price has risen higher than management thinks is a reasonable price for
+ many investors. Some of these splits are simple exchanges (eg 2 for 1 or 3 for 2)
+ and some are complex exchanges with cash distributions. Splits may also result in
+ fewer shares if the exchange rate is a reverse split (1 for 3 or .75 for 1).
+
+ </para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-simplesplit">
+ <title>Simple Stock Split</title>
+
+ <para>As an example, our holding of NST stock declared a 2 for 1 stock split effective
+ June 6, 2005. The process for entering this transaction is; select
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu><guimenuitem>Stock Split</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to start
+ the assistant.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-split1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the stock split assistant at step 1. </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the selection of the stock split assistant. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The first screen is an Introduction, select <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> to
+ display the selection of the account and stock for the split. You will need to
+ create an entry for each <emphasis>Account:Stock</emphasis> combination you hold.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-split2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the stock split assistant at step 2 - Selection of Account/Stock.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the stock split assistant at step 2 - Selection of
+ Account/Stock.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+
+ <para>Select the <emphasis>Assets:Investments:DRIPs:NST</emphasis> and click on
+ <guibutton>Forward</guibutton>.</para>
+
+ <para>The next screen presents 5 fields in the Stock Splits Details window:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Date</guilabel> - Enter the date of the split.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Shares</guilabel> - The number of shares increased (or decreased)
+ in the transaction.</para>
+ <para>In our example it is a 2 for 1 split so the number of additional shares
+ is the number of shares currently in the register.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Description</guilabel> - The Description should give a brief
+ explanation of the transaction.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>New Price</guilabel> - If desired the new price of the stock,
+ after the split, may be entered.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Currency</guilabel> - The currency of the transaction
+ is required. This should be the same as the stock purchase currency.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Click on the <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> button.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-split3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split3.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the stock split assistant at step 3 - Split Details. </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the stock split assistant at step 3 - Split Details. </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+
+ <para>The next screen will be skipped in this example as there was no
+ <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-split4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split4.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the stock split assistant at step 4 - Cash in Lieu. </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the stock split assistant at step 4 - Cash in Lieu. </para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>A final <guilabel>Finish</guilabel> screen will give a last option to;
+ <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton>, <guibutton>Back</guibutton> to modify any data entered or
+ <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to complete the stock split with the data entered. </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-simplesplit1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_simplesplit1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of simple stock split transaction in the stock’s register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Assets:Investments:DRIPs:NST</emphasis>
+ register after a simple stock split transaction. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+<!-- Moderately Complex Stock Merger
+
+-->
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-merger1">
+ <title>Moderately Complex Stock Merger</title>
+
+ <para>As an example, assume you held AT&T stock during the Nov. 18, 2005 merger of SBC
+ with AT&T. For this example you will have purchased AT&T on April 1, 2005, any
+ dividends will have been paid in cash, therefore not entered into the AT&T
+ stock register. </para>
+
+ <para> The conditions of the merger were .77942 share of SBC stock were exchanged for
+ each share of AT&T stock. The merged company continued to use the symbol
+ <quote>T</quote> from AT&T.</para>
+
+ <para>AT&T paid a <quote>dividend</quote> of $1.20/share on the transaction date,
+ however this will not appear in the stock account as it was a cash distribution.</para>
+
+ <para>The process for entering this transaction is identical to the simple split until
+ the <quote>Details</quote> screen. You will need to create an split entry in each
+ <emphasis>Investment Account:Stock</emphasis> account combination that has shares
+ splitting.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-merge2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the stock split assistant at step 2. </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the stock split assistant at step 2 - Selection of
+ Account/Stock (<emphasis>Investment Account:T</emphasis>).</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+
+ <para>Select the <emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Stock:T</emphasis> and click on
+ <guibutton>Forward</guibutton>.</para>
+
+ <para>The next screen presents 5 fields in the Stock Splits Details window:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Date</guilabel> - Enter the date of the split. Here we’ll enter
+ November 18, 2005.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Shares</guilabel> - The number of shares increased (or decreased)
+ in the transaction.</para>
+ <para>In our example it is a .77942 for 1 split so the number of shares will
+ decrease from the number of shares currently in the register. You may use &app;’s
+ ability to perform calculations on an entry form by entering data directly
+ (E.g. <quote>(.77942*100)−100</quote>) to calculate the decrease in shares
+ from the split.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Description</guilabel> - The Description should give a brief
+ explanation of the transaction.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>New Price</guilabel> - If desired the new price of the stock,
+ after the split, may be entered.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Currency</guilabel> - The currency of the transaction
+ is required. This should be the same as the stock purchase currency.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Click on the <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> button.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-merge3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge3.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the stock split assistant at step 3. </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the stock split assistant at step 3 - Split Details. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The next screen will be skipped in this example as there was no
+ <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>A final <quote>Finish</quote> screen will give a last option to
+ <guimenu>Back</guimenu> to modify any data entered or <guimenu>Apply</guimenu>
+ to complete the stock split with the data entered. </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-stockmerge1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockmerge1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman" ></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of moderate stock split transaction in the stock’s register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Investment Account:T</emphasis> register after a
+ stock split transaction that decreases the shares. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+
+<!-- Working Location !!!!!!!!!!!!
+ <sect1 id="invest-todo1">
+ <title>To-do</title>
+
+ <para>These are the remaining documentation sections that originally
+ appeared in the 1.8.4 documentation which require being written up.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+
+
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Recording Stock Splits and Mergers (How-To)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reconciling with the Brokerage Statement (How-To)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Recording Employee Stock Plans (Discussion)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Stock Options (How-To)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect1>
+-->
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_loans.xml b/guide/ru/ch_loans.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f5ef5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_loans.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1155 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_loans">
+ <title>Кредиты</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter explains how to manage your loans with &app;.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>A loan is defined as a financial transaction in which someone pays
+ for the use of someone else’s money. There are many familiar examples of
+ loans: credits cards, auto loans, house mortgages, or a business
+ loan.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_conceptsterms2">
+ <title>Terminology</title>
+
+ <para>Before discussing tracking loan in &app; specifically, it will
+ be helpful to present a glossary of terminology. The terms presented
+ below represent some of the basic concepts found concerning loans. It is
+ a good idea to become familiar with these terms, or at least, refer back
+ to this list if you encounter an unfamiliar word in the later
+ sections.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Amortization</emphasis> - the repayment plan which
+ will insure that a loan is eventually paid off, typically utilizing
+ equal valued monthly payments. These payments are usually split into
+ principal and interest, where the amount of principal per payment
+ increases (and interest decreases) as the amortization period
+ elapses.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Borrower</emphasis> - the person or company that
+ receives the money from a loan.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Default</emphasis> - when a borrower fails to repay
+ a loan according to the terms agreed upon with the lender.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Deferment</emphasis> - a temporary delay in the
+ repayment of a loan.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Delinquency</emphasis> - is the term that refers to
+ late payments.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Disbursement</emphasis> - amount of the loan paid to
+ the borrower. Some loans have multiple disbursements, meaning the
+ borrower does not receive the full amount of the loan at one
+ time.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Interest</emphasis> - the expense charged by the
+ lender to the borrower for the use of the money loaned. This is
+ typically expressed in terms of a yearly percentage charged on the
+ principal borrowed, known as the <emphasis>Annual Percentage
+ Rate</emphasis> or APR.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Lender</emphasis> - the company or person who lends
+ money to a borrower.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Loan Fee</emphasis> - a processing fee removed from
+ the principal at the time the borrower receives a loan.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Principal</emphasis> - the original amount of the
+ loan, or the amount of the original loan that is still owed. When
+ you make a monthly payment on a loan, part of the money pays the
+ interest, and part pays the principal.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Promissory Note</emphasis> - the legal agreement
+ between the borrower and lender concerning the loan.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_accounts1">
+ <title>Setting Up Accounts</title>
+
+ <para>When a borrower obtains a loan, it is usually with the intention to
+ make a purchase of something of value. In fact, most loans require the
+ borrower to buy some predetermined asset, such as a house. This asset is
+ insurance against the borrower defaulting on the loan. There are, of
+ course, examples of loans which do not necessarily have an associated high
+ value asset, such as educational loans.</para>
+
+ <para>For the account structure presented here, we will assume the loan
+ was used to purchase a compensating asset.</para>
+
+ <para>A loan is a liability, the interest you accrue on the loan is an
+ on-going expense, and any administrative fees you may have to pay would be
+ another expense. The thing purchased with the money from a loan is an
+ asset. With these parameters, we can now present a basic loan account
+ structure:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+Basic Loan Account Structure
+
+-Asset
+ -Current Assets
+ -Savings Account
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -Asset Purchased
+-Liability
+ -Loans
+ -Mortgage Loan
+-Expenses
+ -Interest
+ -Mortgage Interest
+ -Mortgage Adm Fees
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>&app; has a number of predefined loan account hierarchies
+ available, including Car Loans and Home Mortgage Loans. To access these
+ predefined account structures, click on
+ <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>New Account Hierarchy...</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice> and select the loan types in which you are interested.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_calcs1">
+ <title>Calculations</title>
+
+ <para>Determining loan amortization schedules, periodic payment amounts,
+ total payment value, or interest rates can be somewhat complex. To help
+ facilitate these kinds of calculations, &app; has a built-in
+ <guilabel>Loan Repayment Calculator</guilabel>. To access the calculator, go to <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
+
+ <guimenuitem>Loan Repayment Calculator</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_fcalc">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_fcalc.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Loan Repayment Calculator</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The &app; <guilabel>Loan Repayment Calculator</guilabel>.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Loan Repayment Calculator</guilabel> can be used to calculate any one of the
+ parameters: <guilabel>Payment Periods</guilabel>, <guilabel>Interest
+ Rate</guilabel>, <guilabel>Present Value</guilabel>, <guilabel>Periodic
+ Payment</guilabel>, or <guilabel>Future Value</guilabel> given that the
+ other 4 have been defined. You will also need to specify the compounding
+ and payment methods.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Payment Periods</emphasis> - the number of payment
+ periods.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Interest Rate</emphasis> - the nominal interest rate
+ of the loan, ie: the yearly interest rate.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Present Value</emphasis> - the present value of the
+ loan, ie: current amount owed on the loan.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Periodic Payment</emphasis> - the amount to pay per
+ period.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Future Value</emphasis> - the future value of the
+ loan, ie: the amount owed after all payment periods are over.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Compounding</emphasis> - two interest compounding
+ methods exist, discrete or continuous. For discrete compounding select
+ the compounding frequency from the popup menu with a range from yearly
+ to daily.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Payments</emphasis> - the popup menu allows you to
+ select the payment frequency with a range from yearly to daily. You
+ can also select whether your payments occur at the beginning or end of
+ the period. Payments made at the beginning of the payment period have
+ interest applied to the payment as well as any previous money paid or
+ money still owed.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_calcsexample1_2">
+ <title>Example: Monthly Payments</title>
+
+ <para>What is your monthly payment on a $100000 30 year loan at a fixed
+ rate of 4% compounded monthly?</para>
+
+ <para>This scenario is shown in the example image above. To perform this
+ calculation, set Payment Periods to 360 (12 months x 30 years), Interest
+ Rate to 4, Present Value to 100000, leave Periodic Payment empty and set
+ Future Value to 0 (you do not want to owe anything at the end of the
+ loan). Compounding is Monthly, Payments are Monthly, assume End of
+ Period Payments, and Discrete Compounding. Now, click on the
+ <guibutton>Calculate</guibutton> button next to the Periodic Payment
+ area. You should see $-477.42.</para>
+
+ <para>Answer: You must make monthly payments of 477.42.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_calcsexample2_2">
+ <title>Example: Length of Loan</title>
+
+ <para>How long will you be paying back a $20000 loan at 10% fixed rate
+ interest compounded monthly if you pay $500 per month?</para>
+
+ <para>To perform this calculation, leave <guilabel>Payment Periods</guilabel> empty, set
+ <guilabel>Interest Rate</guilabel> to <emphasis>10</emphasis>, <guilabel>Present Value</guilabel>
+ to <emphasis>20000</emphasis>, <guilabel>Periodic Payment</guilabel> is <emphasis>-500</emphasis>,
+ and <guilabel>Future Value</guilabel> is <emphasis>0</emphasis> (you do not want to owe anything
+ at the end of the loan). <guilabel>Compounding</guilabel> is <emphasis>Monthly</emphasis>,
+ <guilabel>Payments</guilabel> are <emphasis>Monthly</emphasis>, assume <guilabel>End</guilabel>
+ of <guilabel>Period</guilabel> payments, and <guilabel>Discrete</guilabel> <guilabel>Compounding</guilabel>.
+ Now, click on the <guibutton>Calculate</guibutton>. You should see 49 in the
+ <guilabel>Payment Periods</guilabel> field.</para>
+
+ <para>Answer: You will pay off the loan in 4 years and 1 month (49 months).</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_calcsdetails2">
+ <title>Advanced: Calculation Details</title>
+
+ <para>In order to discuss the mathematical formulas used by the
+ <guilabel>Loan Repayment Calculator</guilabel>, we first must define some
+ variables.
+<literallayout>
+ n == number of payment periods
+ %i == nominal interest rate, NAR, charged
+ PV == Present Value
+ PMT == Periodic Payment
+ FV == Future Value
+ CF == Compounding Frequency per year
+ PF == Payment Frequency per year
+
+Normal values for CF and PF are:
+ 1 == annual
+ 2 == semi-annual
+ 3 == tri-annual
+ 4 == quaterly
+ 6 == bi-monthly
+ 12 == monthly
+ 24 == semi-monthly
+ 26 == bi-weekly
+ 52 == weekly
+ 360 == daily
+ 365 == daily
+</literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <sect3 id="loans_calcsdetails_i2">
+ <title>Converting between nominal and effective interest rate</title>
+
+ <para>When a solution for n, PV, PMT or FV is required, the nominal
+ interest rate (i) must first be converted to the effective
+ interest rate per payment period (ieff). This rate,
+ ieff, is then used to compute the selected variable. When a solution
+ for i is required, the computation produces the effective interest
+ rate (ieff). Thus, we need functions which convert from i to ieff, and
+ from ieff to i.</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+To convert from i to ieff, the following expressions are used:
+Discrete Interest: <emphasis>ieff = (1 + i/CF)^(CF/PF) - 1</emphasis>
+Continuous Interest: <emphasis>ieff = e^(i/PF) - 1 = exp(i/PF) - 1</emphasis>
+
+To convert from ieff to i, the following expressions are used:
+Discrete Interst: <emphasis>i = CF*[(1+ieff)^(PF/CF) - 1]</emphasis>
+Continuous Interest: <emphasis>i = ln[(1+ieff)^PF]</emphasis>
+</literallayout>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>In the equations below for the financial transaction,
+ all interest rates are the effective interest rate, <quote>ieff</quote>. For the
+ sake of brevity, the symbol will be shortened to just <quote>i</quote>.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="loans_calcsdetails_basic2">
+ <title>The basic financial equation</title>
+
+ <para>One equation fundamentally links all the 5 variables. This is
+ known as the fundamental financial equation:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+<emphasis>PV*(1 + i)^n + PMT*(1 + iX)*[(1+i)^n - 1]/i + FV = 0</emphasis>
+
+ Where: X = 0 for end of period payments, and
+ X = 1 for beginning of period payments
+</literallayout>
+
+ <para>From this equation, functions which solve for the individual
+ variables can be derived. For a detailed explanation of the derivation
+ of this equation, see the comments in the file src/calculation/fin.c
+ from the &app; source code. The A, B, and C variables are defined
+ first, to make the later equations simpler to read.</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+<emphasis>A = (1 + i)^n - 1</emphasis>
+<emphasis>B = (1 + iX)/i</emphasis>
+<emphasis>C = PMT*B</emphasis>
+
+<emphasis>n = ln[(C - FV)/(C + PV)]/ln((1 + i)</emphasis>
+<emphasis>PV = -[FV + A*C]/(A + 1)</emphasis>
+<emphasis>PMT = -[FV + PV*(A + 1)]/[A*B]</emphasis>
+<emphasis>FV = -[PV + A*(PV + C)] </emphasis>
+
+The solution for interest is broken into two cases.
+The simple case for when PMT == 0 gives the solution:
+<emphasis>i = [FV/PV]^(1/n) - 1</emphasis>
+
+</literallayout>
+
+ <para>The case where PMT != 0 is fairly complex and will not be
+ presented here. Rather than involving an exactly solvable function,
+ determining the interest rate when PMT !=0 involves an iterative
+ process. Please see the src/calculation/fin.c source file for a
+ detailed explanation.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="loans_calcsdetails_ex2">
+ <title>Example: Monthly Payments</title>
+
+ <para>Let’s recalculate <xref linkend="loans_calcsexample1_2"/>,
+ this time using the
+ mathematical formulas rather than the <guilabel>Loan Repayment Calculator</guilabel>. What is
+ your monthly payment on a $100000 30 year loan at a fixed rate of 4%
+ compounded monthly?</para>
+
+ <para>First, let’s define the variables: n = (30*12) = 360, PV =
+ 100000, PMT = unknown, FV = 0, i = 4%=4/100=0.04, CF = PF = 12, X = 0
+ (end of payment periods).</para>
+
+ <para>The second step is to convert the nominal interest rate (i) to
+ the effective interest rate (ieff). Since the interest rate is
+ compounded monthly, it is discrete, and we use: ieff = (1 +
+ i/CF)^(CF/PF) - 1, which gives ieff = (1 + 0.04/12)^(12/12) - 1, thus
+ ieff = 1/300 = 0.0033333.</para>
+
+ <para>Now we can calculate A and B. A = (1 + i)^n - 1 = (1 +
+ 1/300)^360 - 1 = 2.313498. B = (1 + iX)/i = (1 + (1/300)*0)/(1/300) =
+ 300.</para>
+
+ <para>With A and B, we can calculate PMT. PMT = -[FV + PV*(A +
+ 1)]/[A*B] = -[0 + 100000*(2.313498 + 1)] / [2.313498 * 300] =
+ -331349.8 / 694.0494 = -477.415296 = -477.42.</para>
+
+ <para>Answer: You must make monthly payments of 477.42.</para>
+
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_mortgage1">
+ <title>House Mortgage (How-To)</title>
+
+ <para>A house mortgage can be setup using the account structure present in
+ <xref linkend="loans_accounts1" />.</para>
+
+ <para>As an example, assume you have $60k in you bank account, and you buy
+ a $150k house. The mortgage is charging 6% APR, and has administrative
+ fees (closing costs, etc) of 3%. You decide to put $50k down, and thus
+ will need to borrow $103k, which will give you $100 after the closing
+ costs are paid (3% of $100k).</para>
+
+ <para>Your accounts before borrowing the money:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_mortgage">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_mortgage1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Accounts Before Receiving Loan</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Accounts Before Receiving Loan</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The purchase of the house is recorded with a split transaction in
+ the <emphasis>Assets:House</emphasis> account, with $50k coming from the bank (IE: your down
+ payment), and $100k coming from the Mortgage. You can place the $3k
+ closing costs in the same split, and we increase the house loan to $103k
+ to include the closing costs as well.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Buying a House Split Transaction</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>Increase</entry>
+
+ <entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</entry>
+
+ <entry>$150,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Bank</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$50,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Liabilities:Loans:Mortgage Loan</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$103,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Expenses:Mortgage Adm Fees</entry>
+
+ <entry>$3000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <para>The split will look like this in the <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</emphasis>
+ Account:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_mortgage2.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_mortgage2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Mortgage Split Transaction</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Mortgage Split Transaction</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Which will give a Chart of Accounts like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_mortgage3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_mortgage3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Mortgage Accounts</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Mortgage Account</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_personalLoanToSomeOne">
+ <title>A Personal Loan to a friend (How-To)</title>
+
+ <para>It is not always you are borrowing money from the bank, sometimes
+ you borrow money from your family, or perhaps even lend money to a friend.
+ This How-To chapter will describe one way to handle lending money to a
+ friend.</para>
+
+ <para>We are basing this How-To on the following generic account
+ structure.</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+-Asset
+ -Bank
+ -Bank Account
+ -Money owed to you
+ -Person
+-Income
+ -Interest Income
+ -Person
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>This example will show how to track a personal loan of 2,000 USD
+ (default currency) to your friend Peter</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_personalLoanToSomeOne_loan">
+ <title>Loan Specifications</title>
+
+ <para>Peter wants to borrow $2,000 dollars from you and plans to pay you
+ back monthly for the next 18 months. Since he is your friend, (but not
+ that close) you both agree on a yearly interest rate of 5%.</para>
+
+ <para>In summary we have the below details. Peter’s loan details:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Pinciple Amount - $2,000</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Term - 18 months with 12 payments per year</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Annual Percentage Rate: 5%</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Monthly Payment : ??</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para>
+
+ <para>So how do you calculate the Monthly Payment?</para>
+
+ <para>You have a number of different options, like paper and pen,
+ Linux Calculator, Open Office’s Calc module, but the easiest is to use
+ &app; <guilabel>Loan Repayment Calculator</guilabel>. This tells you that the Monthly Payment
+ should be $115.56.</para>
+
+ <para>But you need to know how much of this is Interest and how much is
+ Principal to be able to do a proper bookkeeping. For this you need a
+ more powerful tool, something like the <application>Calc</application> module in
+ <application>OpenOffice.org</application>, and
+ in particular the <acronym>PMT</acronym> function.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_OpenOfficePrivateLoanDetails">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_PrivateLoanCalculation.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Calculation of Private Loan details</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Detailed view over the private loan to
+ Peter</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_personalLoanToSomeOne_accounts">
+ <title>Accounts for the loan</title>
+
+ <para>Let’s start with the following accounts (all accounts have the
+ same currency, in this case USD)</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+Assets:Bank:USD
+Assets:Money owed to you:Peter
+Income:Interest Income:Peter
+Equity:Opening Balances:USD
+ </literallayout>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_personalLoanToSomeOne_InitialSetup">
+ <title>Lending the money</title>
+
+ <para>When you have lent money to your friend, you have in fact moved
+ money from an Asset account (like Bank, Checking or similar) to your
+ Asset account <emphasis>Money owed to you</emphasis>. To record this you enter the
+ following transaction into the <emphasis>Assets:Money owed to you:Friend</emphasis>
+ account.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Personal loan to a Friend</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>Increase</entry>
+
+ <entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Money owed to you:Friend</entry>
+
+ <entry>$2,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Bank:USD</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$2,000</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_PrivateLoanInitial">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_PrivateLoanInitial.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Lended money</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts after lending
+ money</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_personalLoanToSomeOne_FirstPayment">
+ <title>Receiving first payment</title>
+
+ <para>When the first payment ($115.56) is received, you will need to
+ determine how much is for the principal loan, and how much is for the
+ loan interest.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Outstanding loan amount this period = $2,000</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Payment per month = $115.56</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Payment breakdown</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>5%/12 * $2,000 = $8.33 Interest</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>$115.56 - $8.33 = $107.23 Principal</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>This can be translated to the following &app; entry</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_PrivateLoanFirstPayment">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_PrivateLoanFirstPayment.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>First payment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Detailed view over first payment</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The balance on Peter’s loan is now $2,000 - $107.23 =
+ $1,892.77</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="loans_personalLoanToSomeOne_SecondPayment">
+ <title>Receiving second payment</title>
+
+ <para>When the second payment ($115.56) is received, you will again need
+ to determine how much is for the principal loan, and how much is for the
+ loan interest.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Outstanding loan amount this period = $1,892.77</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Payment per month = $115.56</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Payment breakdown</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>5%/12 * $1,892.77 = $7.89 Interest</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>$115.56 - $7.89 = $107.67 Principal</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>This can be translated to the following &app; entry</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_PrivateLoanSecondPayment">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_PrivateLoanSecondPayment.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Second payment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Detailed view over the second
+ payment</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The balance on Peter’s loan is now $1,892.77 - $107.67 =
+ $1,785.10</para>
+
+ <para>The Chart of accounts looks now like this</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="loans_PrivateLoanSecondPaymentAccounts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/loans_PrivateLoanSecondPaymentAccounts.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart of Accounts after second payment</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Chart of Accounts after second
+ payment</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>As you can see, the interest varies for every month, as well as
+ the principal amount. So for every payment you receive you need to
+ calculate the proper amounts for your various split entries.</para>
+
+ <para>The interest amount will be less and less for every payment (since
+ it is calculated on a smaller loan amount all the time), until the last
+ payment where it is more or less 0. Please review the Figure of Detailed
+ view over private loan to Peter for more details</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_CarLoan">
+ <title>Automobile Loan (How-To)</title>
+
+ <para>The Automobile Loan, or in common terms, Car Loan, is treated more
+ or less exactly as the House loan. The only difference is different
+ accounts, and different interest rates.</para>
+
+ <para><literallayout>Basic Car Loan Account Structure
+
+-Asset
+ -Current Assets
+ -Savings Account
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -Car
+-Liability
+ -Loans
+ -Car Loan
+-Expenses
+ -Interest
+ -Car Loan Interest
+ -Car Loan Adm Fees</literallayout></para>
+
+ <para>For more information, please check <xref
+ linkend="loans_mortgage1" /></para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="loans_Reconciling">
+ <title>Reconciling with the Loan Statements (How-To)</title>
+
+ <para>Reconciling a loan statement is no different from reconciling a bank
+ or credit card statement.</para>
+
+ <para>During the period you should have recorded all the various loan
+ related transactions, and every one of them are touching the
+ <guilabel>Liability:Loans:<replaceable>Loan</replaceable></guilabel> account. For instance,
+ paying off a bit of the loan decreases your <emphasis>Bank
+ Account,</emphasis> and increases the <emphasis>Loan account</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Loan Interest</emphasis> as well as perhaps <emphasis>Loan
+ administration fee</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>With the loan statement in your hands, open the Loan account, start
+ the reconcile assistant, and tick of all the various transaction you have
+ recorded. When you have finished, the reconciling difference should be 0,
+ and if it is not, then you will have to go through the account and compare
+ it with the loan statement to find the difference. When you have reached a
+ 0 in difference, then your loan account is reconciled and you can finish
+ the Reconcile assistant.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information on how to Reconcile, please check <xref
+ linkend="txns-reconcile1" /></para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1>
+ <title>Selling a house or a car (How-To)</title>
+
+ <para>When you will record the selling of your house in &app; you have
+ some different options. Here we will go through two of them, one in which
+ you only recorded the purchase amount, and now the selling amount. The other
+ where you have followed the ups and downs on the property market and registered
+ various Unrealized gains over the time.</para>
+
+ <para></para>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Simple Transaction</title>
+
+ <para>In this way you only record the proper sale amount.</para>
+
+ <para>Let’s work through two samples of selling a house, one with a
+ profit, and one with a loss. If you want to sell a car instead, just
+ substitute the house account with a car account.</para>
+
+ <para><literallayout>
+-Assets
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -House
+ -Current Assets
+ -Saving
+-Income
+ -Capital Gains Long
+ -House
+ </literallayout></para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You bought a house for $300,000 once upon a time, and now managed
+ to sell it for $600,000. How do you record this?</para>
+
+ <para>To record this you need to increase our bank account with the
+ $600k, and decrease some other accounts with $600k. The house
+ account only contains $300k which is what you bought it for, so you
+ move this amount to your bank account. That means you are lacking
+ $300k. This amount you fetch from the <emphasis>Income:Captial Gains Long:House</emphasis>
+ account. The split transaction you enter into your
+ <emphasis>bank</emphasis> account
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Saving</emphasis>)
+ should look like this.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Selling an asset (house) with a profit</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>Increase</entry>
+
+ <entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Saving</entry>
+
+ <entry>$600,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gains Long:House</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You bought a house for $300,000 once upon a time, but due to a
+ newly created airport, could only sell it for $230,000. How do you
+ record this?</para>
+
+ <para>To record this you need to increase your bank account with the
+ $230k, and decrease some other accounts with $230k. The house
+ account contains $300k which is more than what you sold it for. So
+ let’s move $230k of it to your bank account. After this you have $70k
+ remaining in your house account which needs to be removed. You move it
+ to our <emphasis>Income:Capital Gains Long:House</emphasis> account, which will indicate
+ a loss. The split transaction you enter into your
+ <emphasis>house</emphasis> account
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</emphasis>) should look like this.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Selling an asset (house) with a loss</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>Increase</entry>
+
+ <entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Saving</entry>
+
+ <entry>$230,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Capital Gains Long:House</entry>
+
+ <entry>$70,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>A More Complex Transaction</title>
+
+ <para>In this example, we will touch a little on some more complicated
+ accounting principles. For more details on this subject, please check
+ <xref linkend="chapter_capgain"></xref></para>
+
+ <para>Here we will only touch on the case when you have accurately estimated
+ the current value of your house. For the other cases (over-, and
+ under-estimated), please check <xref linkend="chapter_capgain"></xref>.</para>
+
+ <para><literallayout>
+-Assets
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -House
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+ -Current Assets
+ -Saving
+-Income
+ -Realized Gain
+ -House
+ -Unrealized Gain
+ -House
+ </literallayout></para>
+
+ <para>You bought a house for $300,000 once upon a time, and over
+ the years kept a close look on the market and updated your
+ records with the estimated current value of your house. At the time
+ you want to sell it, you have determined that the current market
+ value is $600,000. </para>
+
+ <para>The difference between $600,000 (estimated market value) and
+ $300,000 (purchase value) is the current Unrealized Gain value. Therefore
+ you have a total of $300,000 in your
+ <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House:Unrealized Gain</emphasis> account</para>
+
+ <para>How do you record this sell transaction?</para>
+
+ <para>To record this you need to increase your bank account with the
+ $600k, and decrease some other accounts with $600k.
+ You must first change from unrealized gain to realized gain
+ for your <emphasis>Income</emphasis> accounts.
+ Lastly you need to transfer the full amounts from the <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</emphasis>
+ sub-accounts.</para>
+
+ <para>The transaction you enter into your
+ <emphasis>Income:Realized Gain:House</emphasis> account
+ account should look like this.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Selling an asset (house) with a profit</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>Increase</entry>
+
+ <entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Realized Gain:House</entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Income:Unrealized Gain:House</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+
+ <para>The transaction you enter into your
+ <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Saving</emphasis> account
+ should look like this.</para>
+
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Selling an asset (house) with a profit 2</title>
+
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Account</entry>
+
+ <entry>Increase</entry>
+
+ <entry>Decrease</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Current Assets:Saving</entry>
+
+ <entry>$600,000</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:House:Cost</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Assets:Fixed Assets:House:Unrealized Gain</entry>
+
+ <entry></entry>
+
+ <entry>$300,000</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
+ <para>After having recorded these transactions you see that your House
+ Asset have a value of 0, your Savings account have increased with $600,000,
+ and lastly, the <emphasis>Income:Realized Gain</emphasis> have increased to $300,000.</para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+
+
+ </sect1>
+<!--
+ <sect1 id="loans_missing1">
+ <title>Missing Loan Documentation</title>
+
+ <literallayout>
+ -Entering a Payment Schedule
+ -Monthly Payments (How-To)
+ -See the Mortgage assistant
+ -ARM 10/1 means 10 year fixed interest rate, then changes every year
+ -ARM 10/3 means 10 year fixed interest rate, then changes every third year
+ -Final Payment (How-To)
+ -Same as a normal payment, but you get the figures from the bank
+ -How to fix 10 amortization and then a final bulk payment setup?
+
+ -Putting It All Together
+ </literallayout>
+ </sect1>
+-->
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_oth_assets.xml b/guide/ru/ch_oth_assets.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cf6be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_oth_assets.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.2.9
+ Last modified: October 19, 2010
+
+ Maintainers:
+ Tom Bullock <tbullock at nd.edu>
+
+ Author:
+ Tom Bullock <tbullock at nd.edu>
+
+Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+
+<chapter id="chapter_other_assets">
+ <title>Other Assets</title>
+ <sect1 id="accts-oa1">
+ <title>General Concepts</title>
+ <para>This chapter presents many additional accounting treatments for
+ frequently encountered business and less-frequently found personal activities
+ that need recording in accounting books. The explanations below cover both the
+ description and purpose of the activity, and they include also the usual
+ accounting treatments (bookings or recordings) for these transactions.</para>
+
+ <para>These concepts have evolved over centuries of experience by those
+ keeping accounting records and will help you maximize your record keeping’s
+ utility and meaningfulness.</para>
+
+ <para>This section introduces categorization of assets in the balance sheet
+ based on time or the asset’s useful life (current and long-term). Sometimes
+ assets are also considered from the standpoint of their <emphasis>liquidity
+ </emphasis>, which is regarded as how close or distant the asset is from
+ being turned into cash. Near-cash assets are relatively quickly converted
+ to cash (e.g., accounts receivable), while assets requiring rather a long
+ time to convert to cash are considered to be relatively <emphasis>fixed
+ </emphasis> in their non-cash state (e.g., heavy equipment, buildings, land).
+ (Fixed does not mean they were repaired!)</para>
+
+ <para>You should find that current assets parallel those with more liquidity,
+ while long-term and fixed assets are those with much less liquidity. Finally,
+ below you will find a few assets that could be either current or long-term
+ based on the nature of the facts constituting them.</para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="accts-oa2">
+ <title>Other Assets Described</title>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa3">
+ <title>Current Assets</title>
+ <para>Current Assets are those activities whose
+ normal expected life would be one year or less. Such activities could
+ be tracking reimbursable expenses, travel advances, short-term loans
+ to a friend or family member, prepaid expenses, annual insurance
+ premium amortization, and so on. The individual entity could have
+ many other kinds of short term activities that reflect what it is
+ doing. (These asset types are explained individually below.)
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa4">
+ <title>Long-term (Fixed) Assets</title>
+ <para>Long-term (Fixed) Assets are those
+ activities whose normal expected life exceeds one or more years. This
+ grouping covers both tangible and intangible assets. Examples of
+ tangible assets are land, buildings, and vehicles (cars, trucks,
+ construction equipment, factory presses, etc.) Intangible assets
+ include such things as patents, copy rights, goodwill, etc. Because
+ the lives of some of these assets show wear and tear and deterioration
+ in value over time, businesses and individuals can allow for that
+ diminution in value by calculating depreciation on such assets. For
+ example, land normally does not depreciate, but buildings do, as do
+ equipment and vehicles. (These asset types are explained individually
+ below.)</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="accts-oa5">
+ <title>Current Assets</title>
+ <para>This section explains short-term receivables, reimbursable expenses,
+ travel advances, prepaid premiums, prepaid rent, suspense or wash accounts.
+ </para>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa6">
+ <title>Short-term Receivables</title>
+ <para>This kind of account
+ is useful to reflect an agreement made with someone you trust.
+ Suppose you lent someone $500 and he agreed to repay you $50 a month.
+ If he paid on time, the loan you made would be paid off within a year,
+ which is why it is classified as a short-term receivable. So you
+ could record that loan initially in this account tree: <emphasis>OtherAssets:Current Assets:LoanToJoe.</emphasis>
+ At the time you give him the money: your
+ entry is debit (increase) LoanToJoe $500 and credit (decrease) Bank
+ $500. Each time you receive Joe’s payment you record $50 debit
+ (increase) to Bank and credit (decrease) LoanToJoe.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Don’t become confused by the use of the word <quote>Loan</quote>.
+ <quote>Loan-To</quote> is the tipoff that you really have a receivable, that is,
+ you will receive from Joe, the money you previously loaned. Until he
+ actually pays the money owed you, you reflect his debt in your books
+ by an account describing your expectation–you will receive the
+ money owed you, hence the word <quote>receivable</quote>.</para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa7">
+ <title>Reimbursable Expenses</title>
+ <para>This kind of activity
+ is one in which you spend your own money on behalf of someone else
+ (your employer, perhaps) and later you receive repayment of what you
+ spent. The case might be a business trip. The employer has a policy
+ of covering (paying for) all authorized expenses. After the
+ trip is over, the employee submits a report listing dates and amounts
+ spent with receipts for all the expenditures. The employer reviews
+ the report and pays for all items that it considers as having a valid business reason.
+ (Normally, employees know in advance what the employer will
+ reimburse, so only those items are recorded as a reimbursable expense
+ on the employee’s books.)</para>
+
+ <para>Because a business trip can involve different kinds of expenditures
+ (air travel, lodging, transportation at the destination, etc.),
+ different kinds of expenditures would be recorded in the one account
+ as long as the expenditures all related to the same trip. In other
+ words, if a second trip is made before the first is fully settled, a
+ second account for a different event could be set up. It would make
+ sense to do this, if it would help to keep separate all the details of
+ one trip from those of another. It is up to the person making the
+ trip to decide how much trouble it would be to put separate trips in
+ separate accounts or to put them all in the same account. The trip
+ taker should remember that the account must be reconciled in order to
+ know with certainty that all expenses have been reimbursed.</para>
+
+ <para>Recording the expenditures on the trip would be much the same.
+ That is, if you paid trip expenses by cash you would debit (increase) the
+ reimburseable expense account for the money paid in cash, because it
+ is a receivable to you until it has been reimbursed to you. The credit
+ offsetting your expenditure would decrease the account that shows the
+ cash in your pocket or the account from which you drew the cash for
+ the payment made. If you paid by credit card, the debit side would be
+ the same as just described, but the credit would be an increase to the
+ credit card company account on your books.</para>
+
+ <para>When you received your reimbursement, then the journal entry (or
+ transaction) to record receipt of the funds from the employer would be:
+ debit (increase) Bank for the check amount and credit (decrease) the
+ reimbursable expense account for the check amount.</para>
+
+ <para>If it turns out that the reimbursable expense account is not
+ zero balance after processing the employer’s payment, then it means that
+ there is a difference between you and the employer in handling the expense,
+ which needs to be investigated. If the balance is a debit
+ (a positive balance), your account has some money that was not reimbursed.
+ If the balance is a credit (a negative balance), you were paid for more
+ than what you recorded as due you. In both of those situations you should
+ reconcile the difference between what you recorded and what was paid.
+ That effort should disclose exactly what is causing the discrepancy.
+ You will need to contact the employer’s bookkeeper to know what was paid,
+ if the reimbursement check was not accompanied by a detailed list of the
+ items being paid you.</para>
+
+ <para>In the event the employer refused to reimburse you for an
+ expenditure, that effectively makes it your expense. In that case, you
+ would make this entry: debit (increase) your own Expense
+ (appropriately named) and credit (decrease) the Reimbursable Expense
+ account. That entry should result in a zero balance in the
+ Reimbursable Expense account. If not, reconcile until you identify
+ the difference.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>Sometimes there are small differences that don’t match an
+ individual entry. In those cases divide the amount by 2 or by 9. If
+ the unresolved amount is divisible by two, it suggests that both you
+ and the employer entered the item in the same manner: both as debits
+ or both as credits. If it is divisible by 9, then likely one of you
+ transposed adjoining numbers; e.g., one entered 69 and the other
+ entered 96. If the difference is divisible neither by 2 or by 9, then
+ it could be that more than one error is present.</para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa8">
+ <title>Travel Advances</title>
+ <para>These are very similar to
+ Reimbursable Expenses. The difference is that someone gives you
+ money first; you spend it, and then you give a report accounting for
+ what you spent it on. The report is supported by invoices establishing
+ who, what, where, when, and how much for each expenditure. In the
+ Reimbursable Expense case, you spent your money first and later
+ recovered it.</para>
+
+ <para>In the Travel Advance case when you receive the advance, you
+ record on your books this entry: debit (increase) Bank for the travel
+ advance amount received (say, $500); credit (increase) the short-term
+ liability Travel Advance ($500). This is a liability, because
+ you are not gifted with the money, but only loaned it for the purpose
+ of having funds to spend when doing the employer’s business.</para>
+
+ <para>Frequently, the way these monetary arrangements work is that at
+ the beginning of for example a salesperson’s employment, he or she receives the advance
+ and monthly (or more frequently) turns in a report about who, what,
+ where, when, and how much he spent. The money in the report is
+ reimbursed if approved.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>During the period after receiving the advance and before filing
+ a request for reimbursement report, the salesperson can record his or her expenditures into
+ the advance liability account. In that case, the balance
+ in the account will show how much of the advance has not yet been spent
+ (assuming the Travel Advance balance is a credit). If no mistakes have
+ been made and all expenses are approved, then the sum of the unspent
+ account balance and the reimbursing check amount will equal the original
+ travel advance amount.</para>
+
+ <para>It makes sense for the salesperson to record the travel expenses to this advance account (and
+ not to his or her own expense accounts), because the money is being spent
+ on behalf of the employer, for the employer’s authorized expenses. It
+ is not the employee’s own money, and therefore not his or her own expense.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>When the salesperson receives the report reimbursement (say, $350), he or she debits
+ (increases) Bank, and credits (increases) again the Travel Advance
+ liability account, assuming that previously he or she had been recording
+ expenditures to the travel advance account. Tracking activity in this
+ manner causes the account to always show the amount that is owed the
+ employer.</para>
+
+ <para>See <xref linkend="accts-oa7"/> above for what to do if
+ the employer does not accept an item the employee put on the travel
+ advance reimbursement request report. The difference resolution effort
+ is essentially the same for both types of accounts.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa9">
+ <title>Prepaid Premiums or Prepaid Rent</title>
+ <para>Some types of
+ expenses are usually billed as semi-annual or annual amounts. For
+ example, the insurance industry will bill home insurance annually,
+ while car insurance premiums can be annual or semi-annual. For those
+ that pay an amount that covers several months or a full year, the
+ proper accounting treatment is to reflect in each accounting period
+ the amount that expresses the benefit applying to that period.</para>
+
+ <para>In the case of someone who pays a full-year’s insurance premium
+ at the beginning of the insurance period, the entry to record this is
+ debit (increase) Prepaid Insurance Premium for say, $1,200, and credit
+ (decrease) Bank for $1,200.</para>
+
+ <para>Then a monthly recurring journal entry (scheduled transaction)
+ is created that debits (increases) Insurance Expense $100 and credits
+ (decreases) Prepaid Insurance Premium $100. This technique spreads
+ the cost over the periods that receive the insurance coverage benefit.
+ Businesses following generally accepted accounting practices would
+ normally use this technique, especially if they had to present
+ financial statements to banks or other lenders. Whether individuals do
+ depends on the person and how concerned they are to match cost with
+ benefit across time periods. Another factor influencing use of this
+ technique would be the number of such situations the person encounters.
+ It is relatively easy to remember one or two, but more difficult if
+ having to manage 10 to 20. You would set up as many or as few as proved
+ useful and important to you.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa10">
+ <title>Suspense or Wash Accounts</title>
+ <para>The purpose of
+ these accounts is to provide a device to track <quote>change of mind</quote> situations.
+ The objective of these accounts is to provide a temporary location to
+ record charges and credits that are not to be included permanently in
+ your books of record. When the transactions reflected in these accounts
+ have been fully completed, Wash/Suspense accounts will normally carry
+ a zero balance.</para>
+
+ <para>For example, say in the grocery store you see canned vegetables on sale,
+ so you buy 6 cans at $1 per can. Say that the total purchases were $50.
+ When you come home and are putting things in the cupboard you discover
+ you already had 12 cans. You decide to return the 6 you just bought.
+ Some persons in this situation would charge (increase) the whole bill
+ to Grocery Expense; and when they returned the cans, they would credit
+ (decrease) Grocery Expense. That is one way of handling that. The effect
+ of this method is to leave recorded on your books the cost of items that
+ you really did not purchase from a permanent standpoint. It is only
+ when the items have actually been returned and the vendor’s return
+ receipt has also been recorded that the distortion this method generates
+ will then be removed.</para>
+
+ <para>Actually, there are several treatments, depending on when and how
+ the original transaction was booked/recorded and when you decided to
+ return the items purchased. Basically, did you change your mind before
+ you recorded the transaction or after doing so?</para>
+
+ <para>If you decided to return the items after recording the purchase
+ transaction, you may originally have charged Grocery Expense for the full
+ amount ($50) of all items. In that scenario, what you kept and the amount of
+ the items to be returned were grouped into one account. You could edit the
+ original transaction and restate the amount charged to the Grocery Expense
+ account to be the difference ($44) between the total paid ($50) for groceries
+ and the value of the items to be returned. That leaves the returned-item
+ value as the amount ($6) you should record to the Suspense account.</para>
+
+ <para>Obviously, if you decided to return items before you recorded your
+ purchase, then you would book the original entry as a charge to Grocery
+ Expense for the amount kept ($44) and as a charge to Suspense for the
+ amount returned ($6). The off-setting credit ($50) to cash or credit
+ card is not affected by these treatments.</para>
+
+ <para>When there are several persons shopping and at different vendors,
+ there can be a case where there are several returns happening at once
+ and in overlapping time frames. In that case the Wash Account is
+ charged (increased) at time of changing the mind, and either Bank or
+ Credit Card is credited. When the return occurs, the reverse happens:
+ Bank or Credit Card is debited for the cash value of the returned items
+ and the Wash/Suspense Account is credited in the same amount.</para>
+
+ <para>If the wash account has a non-zero balance, scanning the debit
+ and credit entries in the account will show the non-matched items.
+ That is, debits not matched by offsetting credits indicate items
+ intended to be returned but not actually returned yet. The reverse
+ (credits not matched by offsetting debits) indicates that returns were
+ made but the original charge was not recorded in the Wash Account.</para>
+
+ <para>These differences can be cleared up by returning unreturned items
+ or recording charges (debits) for items already returned. The mechanics
+ of doing that likely will be finding the original expense account the
+ item was charged to and making an entry like: debit Wash Account, credit
+ original expense. It also could be as described above where the original
+ recording is adjusted by adding a charge to Wash/Suspense account and
+ decreasing the amount charged to the original account.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="accts-oa11">
+ <title>Short or Long-term Assets</title>
+ <para>This section explains why some types of assets may be short or
+ long-term and presents an example.</para>
+
+ <para>An example is deposits (e.g., utility, rental, security). If the
+ deposit agreement contains a provision to recover the deposit at the
+ end of a year, the treatment could be that of a short-term asset.
+ However, when the agreement is that the deposit holder returns the
+ funds only upon successful inspection at the end of the relationship,
+ then at the start of the relationship or agreement, the person paying
+ the deposit has to decide whether to write it off as a current expense
+ or to track it for eventual recovery at the end of the agreement
+ (not infrequently, moving to a new location).</para>
+
+ <para>Whichever decision is made, the accounting treatment is to debit
+ (increase) expense (assuming the write-off decision) or debit (increase)
+ Deposits Receivable (assuming the intent is to recover the deposit in
+ the future) and credit (decrease) Bank for the amount of the deposit
+ (if paid by cash) or credit (increase) credit card if paid using that
+ payment method.</para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="accts-oa12">
+ <title>Long-term (Fixed) Assets</title>
+ <para>This section illustrates long-term assets (those whose useful lives
+ exceed a year) and discusses these types: land, buildings, leasehold
+ improvements, intangibles, vehicles and other equipment.</para>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa13">
+ <title>Land</title>
+ <para>Land is not a wasting asset. That is, it
+ does not get used up over time and rarely suffers damage such that it
+ loses value. For that reason, it usually is recorded at cost at the
+ time of purchase. Appreciation in its value over decades is not recorded
+ and is not recognized in any way on the books of the owner. It is only
+ after land has been sold that sale price and purchase cost are compared
+ to calculate gain or loss on sale.</para>
+
+ <para>Land is frequently sold/purchased in combination with structures
+ upon it. That means that the cost has to become separated from the
+ cost of structures on it. Land valuation is usually part of the transfer
+ of ownership process and its value is shown on the purchase documents
+ separately from that of any structures it supports.</para>
+
+ <para>Land values shown on purchase documents frequently arise from the
+ process of value determination managed by assessors whose job it is
+ to assign values to land for tax purposes. Local and regional areas of
+ a state or province use the values determined by assessors in their tax
+ formulas, which provide revenues for local and regional governing
+ authorities to finance their required community services.</para>
+
+ <para>Should land be acquired in a situation not subject to a history of
+ land valuation by a formal valuation system, then the purchaser can appeal
+ to real estate agents and an examination of recent sale transactions for
+ information that would allow calculating a reasonable amount to express
+ the value of the land.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa14">
+ <title>Buildings</title>
+ <para>Buildings are the man-made <quote>caves</quote> in which
+ much of life’s human interaction occurs. These structures are wasting
+ assets, because in their use they or their components gradually wear.
+ Over time they begin to lose some of their function and they can suffer
+ damage due to planetary elements or human action.</para>
+
+ <para>Accepted accounting practice is to record the cost of the building
+ determined at time of ownership transfer (purchase) or at conclusion of all
+ costs of construction. Because buildings are frequently used for decades,
+ and due to the need to be able to calculate gain or loss on sale,
+ accounting practice preserves the original cost by not recording declines
+ in value in the account containing the original purchase or construction
+ cost.</para>
+
+ <para>Instead, the depreciation technique is used to show (in the
+ balance sheet) the structure’s net book value (original cost reduced by
+ accumulated depreciation). Depreciation is a separate topic treated
+ elsewhere in this Guide.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa15">
+ <title>Leasehold Improvements</title>
+ <para>When a business does
+ not own the building where it operates, and instead has a long-term
+ lease, it is not uncommon for the business tenant to make improvements to
+ the premises so that the structure obtains both function and appearance
+ that enhances conducting its business activities.</para>
+
+ <para>In these cases, the expenditures that the business incurs are recorded
+ in a Leasehold Improvements account: increase (debit) Leasehold Improvements,
+ decrease (credit) Bank or increase (credit) a suitable liability account
+ (which could be a liability to a contractor or a bank or a credit card,
+ etc.).</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa16">
+ <title>Vehicles or Equipment</title>
+ <para>Vehicles or Equipment of all kinds usually
+ last for several years, but their useful lives are much shorter than
+ that of assets that have little movement in their functioning. Because
+ they do wear out over time, common accounting practice in business is
+ to record depreciation using life spans and depreciation methods
+ appropriate to the nature and use of the asset. Frequently, the life
+ and depreciation methods chosen are influenced by what is permitted per
+ national tax regulations for the kind of asset being depreciated.</para>
+
+ <para>Usually, businesses depreciate their assets. Individuals can
+ do so as well to the degree that taxing authorities permit. Very wealthy
+ persons employ accountants and attorneys to track and manage their
+ investments and assets holdings to take advantage of all tax benefits
+ permitted by law.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="accts-oa17">
+ <title>Intangibles</title>
+ <para>The mechanics of accounting (debiting
+ and crediting appropriate accounts) for these assets are relatively simple,
+ much the same as for any of the above assets. Where the difficulty lies
+ is in their valuation, which is an advanced topic and not something that
+ individual persons and small businesses would likely encounter. For that
+ reason further discussion of items such as patents, copyrights, goodwill,
+ etc. are left out of this Guide.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ </chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_oview.xml b/guide/ru/ch_oview.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb1c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_oview.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.2.0 / 2.6 maint
+ Last modified: 2017-06-22
+
+ Maintainers:
+ Tom Bullock <tbullock at nd.edu>
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators (en => ru):
+ Anton Tarasov (ant0 at mail.ru) (2017)
+ Dmitriy Mangul (dimang.freetime at gmail.com) (2017)
+-->
+
+<!-- Translation based on maint as of 2017-06-20 -->
+
+<chapter id="chapter_oview">
+ <title>Обзор</title>
+
+ <sect1 id="oview-intro1">
+ <title>Ð’Ñтупление</title>
+
+ <para>&app; Ñто пакет программного обеÑÐ¿ÐµÑ‡ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð° личных финанÑов, разработанный Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ.
+ Его вполне доÑтаточно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ…Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñей вашей финанÑовой информации, от проÑтой до очень Ñложной.
+ Ðто один из немногих пакетов финанÑовых программ, который поддерживает глобальные валюты и Ñто единÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð¼Ð¼Ð°
+ Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚ÐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ñ‹Ð¼ иÑходным кодом в Ñвоём роде. Ðо Ñамое главное, что &app; проÑта в изучении и иÑпользовании!
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Итак, что же умеет &app;?
+ Она может веÑти учет ваших личных финанÑов, причем количеÑтво параметров учета определÑетÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸.
+ ЕÑли вы только начинаете пользоватьÑÑ &app;, то попробуйте Ñ ÐµÐµ помощью контролировать вашу чековую книжку.
+ Затем, возможно, вы решите отÑлеживать ваши наличные траты и раÑходы по кредитной карте, чтобы лучше определÑÑ‚ÑŒ, куда вы тратите Ñвои деньги.
+ Когда вы займётеÑÑŒ инвеÑтициÑми, вы можете иÑпользовать &app;, чтобы проводить мониторинг вашего инвеÑтиционного портфелÑ.
+ Ð’Ñ‹ купили машину или дом? &app; поможет вам Ñпланировать инвеÑтиции и отÑледить выплаты по ÑÑуде.
+ ЕÑли круг ваших финанÑовых интереÑов охватывает веÑÑŒ земной шар, то &app; предоÑтавит вам необходимую мультивалютную поддержку.
+ </para>
+
+ <screenshot id="oview-intro">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/oview_intro.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/oview_intro.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>&app; Ðоменклатура Счетов Ñ Ð¼ÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑŽÑ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ и инвеÑтициÑми</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption>
+ <para>Ðа риÑунке показана Ðоменклатура Счетов Ñ Ð¼ÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑŽÑ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ и инвеÑтициÑми.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>
+ &app;, ÑвлÑÑÑÑŒ хорошим приложением Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑƒÑ‡ÐµÑ‚Ð° личных финанÑов,
+ также обладает доÑтаточной функциональноÑтью Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² бизнеÑе.
+ Ð’ нее включено много бизнеÑ-функций, от интегрированных Ñчетов по дебету и кредиту, до ÑоÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ портфелÑ.
+ Ð’Ñ‹ найдете Ñти и другие бизнеÑ-функции удивительно мощными и проÑтыми в применении.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="oview-features1">
+ <title>Характерные оÑобенноÑти</title>
+
+ <sect2 id="oview-featureseasy2">
+ <title>ЛегкоÑÑ‚ÑŒ в иÑпользовании</title>
+
+ <para>
+ За Ñчитанные минуты вы Ñможете ввеÑти информацию о личных финанÑах и Ñоздать цветные графики опиÑывающие ваш финанÑовый ÑтатуÑ.
+ ЕÑли вы можете иÑпользовать рееÑÑ‚Ñ€ на обратной Ñтороне вашей чековой книжки - то вы Ñможете иÑпользовать &app;!
+ ВноÑите данные непоÑредÑтвенно в рееÑÑ‚Ñ€, переключайтеÑÑŒ между полÑми ввода и иÑпользуйте быÑтрое заполнение Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð²Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑкого Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÑ€ÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð·Ð°ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ð¹.
+ Ð˜Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ñ„ÐµÐ¹Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ‚ быть подÑтроен под ваши нужды непоÑредÑтвенно внутри приложениÑ.
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ПроÑтые в иÑпользовании меню</emphasis>: меню &app; ÑоответÑтвуют требованиÑм интерфейÑов Ð´Ð»Ñ GNOME.
+ Ðто значит, что они проÑÑ‚Ñ‹ и Ñхожи по виду Ñо многими другими приложениÑми GNOME.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ДокументациÑ</emphasis>: &app; имеет вÑтроенный раздел Помощи и подробное РуководÑтво пользователÑ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+
+ <para><emphasis>СпоÑобы импорта</emphasis>: кроме ручного ввода &app; поддерживает также много других ÑпоÑобов ввода транзакций.
+ ЕÑли вы имеете онлайн доÑтуп к Ñвоим банковÑким Ñчетам, то Ñто оÑобенно удобно, так как большинÑтво банков и компаний-владельцев кредитных карт
+ поддерживают один из Ñледующих методов импорта. Ð’Ñ‹ потратите меньше времени на ввод данных, и у Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑтанетÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐµ времени на анализ результатов.
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Протокол Quicken Import File (QIF) (БыÑтрый импорт файлов)</emphasis>: Ñтот протокол поддерживает файлы типа <acronym>QIF</acronym>,
+ популÑрный формат, который иÑпользуетÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ многих коммерчеÑких пакетах финанÑовых программ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Протокол Open Financial Exchange (OFX) (Открытый финанÑовый обмен)</emphasis>: &app; ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð¾Ð¹
+ беÑплатной программой, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑ€Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ‚ протокол Открытого финанÑового обмена. Многие финанÑовые ÑƒÑ‡Ñ€ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°ÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ направлению
+ к иÑпользованию Ñтого формата.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Протокол Home Banking Computer Interface (HBCI) (Компьютерный Ð¸Ð½Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ñ„ÐµÐ¹Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ð°ÑˆÐ½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ банка)</emphasis>:
+ &app; ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑ€Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ программой, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑ€Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ‚ немецкий протокол HBCI.
+ Ðтот протокол поддерживает загрузку банковÑких выпиÑок, Ñоздание банковÑких переводов и делает возможными прÑмые вклады.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Отчеты</emphasis>: &app; имеет более 30 предварительно наÑтроенных отчетов, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑŽÑ‡Ð°Ñ Ð‘Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñчетам,
+ Доходы, РаÑходы, Отчет по транзакциÑм, БаланÑовый отчет, Доходы и убытки, Оценка ÑтоимоÑти Ð¿Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‚Ñ„ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸ многие другие.
+ Отчеты поддерживают графичеÑкое отображение данных, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑŽÑ‡Ð°Ñ ÐºÑ€ÑƒÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ðµ и линейные диаграммы и графики.
+ Отчеты можно ÑкÑпортировать в <acronym>HTML</acronym> файлы и легко наÑтраивать под Ñвои требованиÑ.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Транзакции по раÑпиÑанию</emphasis>: &app; может автоматичеÑки Ñоздавать и выполнÑÑ‚ÑŒ транзакции или
+ напомнить вам когда Ñледует произвеÑти Ñти транзакции. Программа дает возможноÑÑ‚ÑŒ выбора между вводом, переноÑом или отменой автоматичеÑких транзакций.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ÐÑÑиÑтент по погашению ипотеки и кредита</emphasis>: поможет вам при Ñоздании транзакций Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… выплат по кредитам.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ВозможноÑÑ‚ÑŒ легкой Ñверки Ñчетов</emphasis>: вÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð¼Ð¼Ð° поможет вам Ñверить ваши &app;
+ Ñчета Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñкими выпиÑками проÑто и Ñффективно.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>МультиплатформеннаÑ
+ ÑовмеÑтимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ</emphasis>: &app;
+ поддерживает множеÑтво платформ и операционных ÑиÑтем.
+ СпиÑок полноÑтью поддерживаемых операционных ÑиÑтем (и
+ платформ) Ð´Ð»Ñ &app; &vers-stable;
+ Ñледующий: GNU/Linux (x86, x86_64), FreeBSD (x86, x86_64),
+ OpenBSD (x86, x86_64), и MacOS (Intel). Предыдущие верÑии
+ &app;, наÑколько извеÑтно,
+ работали Ñ SGI IRIX (MIPS), IBM AIX 4.1.5 (RS/6000),
+ Unixware 7 (Intel) SCO OpenServer 5.0.4 (Intel), и Solaris
+ (Sparc) но ÑÐµÐ¹Ñ‡Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ñ… текущее ÑоÑтоÑние не извеÑтно.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="oview-featuresinvest2">
+ <title>Учет ваших инвеÑтиций</title>
+
+ <para>&app; обладает Ñ€Ñдом функций Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ñ… инвеÑтиций. При помощи &app; вы можете отÑлеживать
+ каждую акцию индивидуально (одна Ð°ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾ Ñчет) или в портфеле Ñчетов (группа Ñчетов, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ñ‹Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ‚ÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑте).</para>
+
+ <para>&app; поддерживает онлайн котировки акций и инвеÑтиционных фондов. Ðто значит, что вам больше не нужно будет иÑкать
+ ÑтоимоÑÑ‚ÑŒ ваших акций по отдельноÑти. ПроцеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ‚ быть автоматизирован и вы Ñможете видеть поÑледние котировки ваших акций.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ <sect2 id="oview-featuresintl2">
+ <title>ÐœÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑƒÐ½Ð°Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑ€Ð¶ÐºÐ°</title>
+
+ <para>&app; Ñто приложение, которое дейÑтвительно работает и понимает пользователей по вÑему миру.
+ ИмеетÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ вÑтроенных оÑобенноÑтей Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ³Ñ‡ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ñо вÑем глобализованным миром, в котором мы ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²ÐµÐ¼.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Родные Ñзыки</emphasis>: &app; полноÑтью переведен на 12 Ñзыков:
+ китайÑкий, чешÑкий, голландÑкий, английÑкий, французÑкий, немецкий, итальÑнÑкий, португальÑкий, руÑÑкий, Ñловацкий, иÑпанÑкий и шведÑкий.
+ Более 25 других Ñзыков поддерживаютÑÑ Ñ‡Ð°Ñтично.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Поддержка интернацинальных форматов данных</emphasis>: &app; понимает,
+ что в разных Ñтранах дату и чиÑла отображают по-разному. Ð’Ñ‹ можете работать Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÐ¼ форматом даты и чиÑел, к которому вы привыкли.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Мультивалюты и Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑŽÑ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð¸</emphasis>: программой поддерживаютÑÑ Ð¼ÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑŽÑ‚Ñ‹, которые можно покупать и продавать (торговать).
+ <!-- FIXME: проверить перевод - "Currency movements between accounts remain fully balanced if "Trading Accounts" is enabled." -->
+ Движение валют между Ñчетами полноÑтью заноÑитÑÑ Ð½Ð° баланÑ, еÑли разрешены операции дублированного ввода.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Текущие курÑÑ‹ обмена</emphasis>: Ñ &app; вам больше не нужно иÑкать курÑÑ‹ обмена валют по отдельноÑти.
+ ПроцеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ‚ быть автоматизирован, чтобы вÑегда предоÑтавлÑÑ‚ÑŒ вам Ñуммы на ваших Ñчетах, конвертированные в предпочитаемую вами валюту
+ Ñ Ð¸Ñпользованием поÑледних обменных курÑов.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="oview-featuresbus2">
+ <title>Поддержка бизнеÑа</title>
+
+ <para>&app; имеет много различных функций Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑ€Ð¶ÐºÐ¸ учета коммерчеÑких операций.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ДебиторÑкаÑ/КредиторÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ñти</emphasis>: &app; имеет интегрированную
+ ÑиÑтему дебиторÑкой и кредиторÑкой задолженноÑтей. Ð’Ñ‹ можете учитывать клиентов, поÑтавщиков, накладные и оплату по Ñчетам,
+ иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ðµ налоговые и бухгалтерÑкие оÑобенноÑти малого бизнеÑа.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ÐмортизациÑ</emphasis>: &app; может учитывать амортизацию разных активов.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Отчеты</emphasis>: &app; предлагает широкий Ñпектр разнообразных, готовых к иÑпользованию бизнеÑ-отчетов.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="oview-featuresaccounting2">
+ <title>ОÑобенноÑти бухгалтерÑкого учета</title>
+
+ <para>Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñ…Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾ÑˆÐ¾ разбирающихÑÑ Ð² бухгалтерÑком учете, ниже приведен ÑпиÑок имеющихÑÑ Ð² &app; оÑобенноÑтей бухгалтерии.</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Ð”Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ</emphasis>: ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð·Ð°ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° дебетовать один Ñчет и кредитовать другой на равную Ñумму.
+ Ðто гарантирует <quote>книжный баланÑ</quote> - что разница между доходами и раÑходами точно равна Ñумме вÑех банковÑких активов,
+ наличных, акций и других активов.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Разделённые транзакции</emphasis>: ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð·Ð°ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ‚ быть разделена на неÑколько чаÑтей Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи налогов,
+ денежных Ñборов и других ÑоÑтавлÑющих.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Ð˜ÐµÑ€Ð°Ñ€Ñ…Ð¸Ñ Ñчетов</emphasis>: главный Ñчет может иметь иерархию детализированных Ñчетов под ним.
+ Ðто позволÑет похожим типам Ñчетов, таким как Банк, Ðаличные или Ðкции, группироватьÑÑ Ð² главный Ñчет, такой как <quote>Ðктивы</quote>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Общий журнал</emphasis>: одно окно рееÑтра может показывать множеÑтво Ñчетов одновременно.
+ Ðто облегчает нахождение ошибок неправильного ввода. Также Ñто помогает удобно проÑматривать портфель ÑоÑтоÑщий из неÑкольких акций,
+ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ñ‹Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ñе Ñделки в Ñтом портфеле.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Типы Ñчетов Доходы/РаÑходы (категории)</emphasis>: Ñто поможет правильно показать движение денежных ÑредÑтв и,
+ при правильном иÑпользовании концепта двойной запиÑи, обеÑпечит точный отчет по Прибыли/Убытку.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="oview-about1">
+ <title>Об Ñтой документации</title>
+
+ <para>Целью Ñтой документации ÑвлÑетÑÑ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ³Ð¾ времени.
+ Она поможет вам как можно быÑтрее начать иÑпользовать &app;.</para>
+
+ <para>ÐšÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð° имеет довольно проÑтую Ñтруктуру. Глава начинаетÑÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑƒÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ <quote>ПонÑтий</quote>,
+ которые предÑтавлÑÑŽÑ‚ общие темы и терминологию, иÑпользующиеÑÑ Ð² пределах Ñтой главы.
+ Далее Ñледуют разделы <quote>Как</quote>, в которых опиÑываютÑÑ Ñпецифичные процедуры,
+ раздел <quote>ОбъединÑÑ Ð²Ñе вмеÑте</quote> заканчивает главу, предоÑтавлÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ðµ конкретные примеры.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Ðачинающие пользователи найдут разделы <quote>ПонÑтиÑ</quote> очень полезными Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑебÑ.
+ Они обеÑпечат ÑÑылки на правильные методы учета ваших финанÑов и поÑлужат общим вÑтуплением в финанÑÑ‹ и терминологию.
+ Опытные пользователи могут перейти к разделам Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑкими рекомендациÑми, чтобы быÑтро ознакомитÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ†ÐµÐ´ÑƒÑ€Ð°Ð¼Ð¸.
+ Ðти разделы опиÑывают пошаговые процедуры Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñпецифичных задач.
+ Разделы <quote>ОбъединÑÑ Ð²Ñе вмеÑте</quote> предÑтавлÑÑŽÑ‚ реальные примеры в форме руководÑтва.
+ ÐÐ°Ñ‡Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ„Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð° в Главе <xref linkend="chapter_basics"></xref>,
+ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð° добавлÑетÑÑ Ðº обучающей программе предыдущей главы.
+
+ <!-- TODO: Перевод переделать -->
+ <!--
+ Beginning users will find the <quote>Concepts</quote> sections very
+ helpful. They provide a reference for good ways to track your finances,
+ and serve as a general introduction to financial background and
+ terminology. Experienced users can flip to the <quote>How-To</quote>
+ sections to quickly scan procedures. These sections provide to-the-point
+ steps for accomplishing specific tasks. The <quote>Putting It All
+ Together</quote> sections present real-world examples in the form of a
+ tutorial. Beginning with creation of a file in <xref linkend="chapter_basics"></xref>,
+ each successive chapter builds on the previous chapter’s tutorial.
+ -->
+
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Ðта Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑƒÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð° на три главные чаÑти: <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Введение</emphasis></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… финанÑов</emphasis></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñов</emphasis></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>ÐŸÐµÑ€Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ‡Ð°ÑÑ‚ÑŒ <emphasis>Введение</emphasis> предоÑтавит вам наиболее общую информацию,
+ необходимую Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð»Ð° иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ &app;.
+ Ð’ главах Ñтой чаÑти объÑÑнÑÑŽÑ‚ÑÑ Ð¾Ñновы иÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ &app;.
+ Ðачинающие пользователи &app; должны хорошо ознакомитьÑÑ Ñ Ñтой информацией.
+ ИÑпользуйте Ñту чаÑÑ‚ÑŒ как руководÑтво по быÑтрому Ñтарту:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_oview"></xref> - (Ñта глава) предоÑтавлÑет общий обзор по &app;</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_basics"></xref> - дает пользователÑм очень краткое введение в принципы бухгалтерÑкого учета,
+ а затем предоÑтавлÑет информацию о Ñтруктуре данных в &app;.
+ Также здеÑÑŒ опиÑываютÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ðµ Ñлементы интерфейÑа в &app;.
+ Ðаконец, в Ñтой главе объÑÑнÑетÑÑ, как &app; ÑохранÑет и обрабатывает данные.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_accts"></xref> - Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñчетах и ​​порÑдке их организации.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_txns"></xref> - оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸ÑŽ о транзакциÑÑ… и о том, как их заноÑить.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Ð’Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ñ‡Ð°ÑÑ‚ÑŒ <emphasis>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… финанÑов</emphasis> опиÑывает общее применение и оÑобенноÑти &app; более подробно.
+ ЗдеÑÑŒ вы найдете конкретные примеры, оÑнованные на чаÑто задаваемых вопроÑах о применении &app; в ежедневных ÑитуациÑÑ….
+ Применение и оÑобенноÑти опиÑываютÑÑ Ð² Ñледующих главах:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_cbook"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_cc"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_loans"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_invest"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_capgain"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_currency"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para>
+
+ <para>Ð’ третьей чаÑти <emphasis>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñов</emphasis> обÑуждаетÑÑ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ &app; в деловом учете.
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_bus_features"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_budgets"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_other_assets"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="chapter_dep"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="ch_python_bindings"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="ch_import_bus_data"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist></para>
+
+ <para>Ðто руководÑтво также имеет некоторые приложениÑ,
+ Ñодержащие дополнительную информацию, ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ возможно тоже будет интереÑна:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="gnc-gloss"></xref> - ГлоÑÑарий терминов, иÑпользуемых в &app;</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="appendixa"></xref> - руководÑтво Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±Ñ‹Ð²ÑˆÐ¸Ñ… пользователей программ
+ <trademark class="registered">Quicken</trademark>, MS Money или других <acronym>QIF</acronym>-программ</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="appendixb"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="appendixc"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="appendixd"></xref></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="fdl"></xref> - Ð›Ð¸Ñ†ÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ñвободной документации GNU</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>ГлоÑÑарий и Ð¸Ð½Ð´ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑƒÑ‚ вам в быÑтром поиÑке интереÑующих Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÐ¼.</para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="more_help">
+ <title>Ð”Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ‰ÑŒ</title>
+
+ <sect2 id="online_help">
+ <title>Онлайн Ñправка</title>
+ <para>Онлайн Ñправка ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð¼ Ñтого руководÑтва.
+ ЗдеÑÑŒ вы найдете подробные инÑтрукции по иÑпользованию &app;: меню, интерфейÑа и Ñлементов управлениÑ.
+ Чтобы открыть интерактивную Ñправку выберите <menuchoice><guimenu>Помощь</guimenu><guimenuitem>Содержание</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="wiki">
+ <title>&app; Wiki</title>
+ <para>Огромное количеÑтво неформальной документации, как о &app;,
+ так и о его поддержке и разработки можно найти в <ulink url="https://wiki.gnucash.org/wiki">&app;
+ Wiki (english)</ulink>; ЕÑли вы ÑталкнетеÑÑŒ Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€ÑƒÐ´Ð½Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ñми при иÑпользовании &app;, то поÑетите пожалуйÑта
+ одной из первых Ñтраницу <ulink url="https://wiki.gnucash.org/wiki/FAQ">ЧаÑто задаваемые вопроÑÑ‹ (english)</ulink>.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="on-line-assistance">
+ <title>&app; онлайн помощь</title>
+ <bridgehead>СпиÑок раÑÑылки (mailing list)</bridgehead><para>ОÑновным иÑточником поддержки пользователей
+ ÑвлÑетÑÑ <ulink url="mailto:gnucash-user at gnucash.org"> пользовательÑкий ÑпиÑок раÑÑылки (english)</ulink>.
+ ЕÑли вы предпочитаете читать ÑпиÑок раÑÑылки в виде веб-форума, вы можете Ñделать Ñто при помощи
+ <ulink url="http://gnucash.1415818.n4.nabble.com/GnuCash-User-f1415819.html">Nabble</ulink>.
+ Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ чтобы учаÑтвовать в ÑпиÑке раÑÑылки и задавать вопроÑÑ‹, вам необходимо Ñначала
+ <ulink url="https://lists.gnucash.org/mailman/listinfo/gnucash-user">подпиÑатьÑÑ</ulink> на него.</para>
+
+ <bridgehead>IRC</bridgehead><para>
+ Ðекоторые из разработчиков мониторÑÑ‚ канал #gnucash на irc.gnome.org.
+ Они обычно занÑÑ‚Ñ‹ чем-то еще в Ñто времÑ, и конечно, не вÑегда находÑÑ‚ÑÑ Ñƒ компьютеров.
+ Войдите в ÑиÑтему, задайте Ñвой Ð²Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ оÑтавайтеÑÑŒ в ÑиÑтеме;
+ Иногда может пройти неÑколько чаÑов, пока ваш Ð²Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ Ð±ÑƒÐ´ÐµÑ‚ замечен и кто-нибудь ответит на него.
+ Чтобы увидеть, пропуÑтили ли вы что-нибудь, вы можете проверить
+ <ulink url="https://code.gnucash.org/logs">IRC протоколы</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Ðа <ulink url="http://www.gnucash.org">&app; Ñтранице</ulink>
+ вы найдете более подробную информацию об Ñтих каналах. Ð’Ñ‹ также найдете там ÑÑылки на другие полезные реÑурÑÑ‹,
+ например на такие как &app; wiki и ÑиÑтема отÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑˆÐ¸Ð±Ð¾Ðº.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="oview-install1">
+ <title>УÑтановка</title>
+ <para>УÑтановить &app; обычно довольно проÑто.</para>
+ <para>Ðа Ñтранице <ulink url="http://www.gnucash.org/download.phtml"><citetitle>Скачать &app;</citetitle></ulink>
+ вы найдете подробное опиÑание по уÑтановке &app; Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¹ поддерживаемой операционной ÑиÑтемы.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_python_bindings.xml b/guide/ru/ch_python_bindings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dfe2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_python_bindings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!-- (Do not remove this comment block.)
+
+Version: 2.4.0
+Last modified: 2011-01-01
+
+Maintainers:
+
+Author:
+ Mike Evans <mikee at saxicola.co.uk>
+
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+
+<chapter id="ch_python_bindings">
+ <title>Python Bindings</title>
+ <para>
+ &app; historically has always been a
+ traditional application in the sense that you open it, use it to
+ manipulate your financial data via the windows it presents, save your
+ data and close the windows again. This has the inherent limitation that
+ you can only do whatever the windows, menus and toolbars allow you to do.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Sometimes you might need a little more flexibility. For example, you
+ need a report with just a little different information than what the
+ built-in reports provide, or you want to automate a frequently recurring
+ action. Such custom manipulations are ideal candidates to write in one
+ or the other scripting language.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Starting with &app; version 2.4 you can
+ write <application>Python</application> scripts to manipulate your financial data.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <para>The <application>Python</application> extensions are an optional feature in the source code.
+ To be able to use <application>Python</application> scripts, &app; must
+ have been compiled with this option enabled, otherwise all what follows
+ won’t work. At present this option is not enabled by default, so if you
+ need this, you may have to compile &app; from
+ source yourself.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <para>The <application>Python</application> extensions come with a couple of ready to use scripts. This
+ chapter will show you how to use some of these.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <para>This chapter is not about how to write your own <application>Python</application> scripts.
+ Refer to the developer documentation for that instead.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_reports.xml b/guide/ru/ch_reports.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21aceb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_reports.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: October 31, 2016
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <chapter id="ch_reports">
+ <title>Отчеты</title>
+ <para>&app; is a powerful double entry accounting software package that allows
+users to enter and track their money in a reliable manner. However, putting
+this information into &app; is only a part of the process. To be truly
+helpful, you need to be able to extract this information in meaningful ways.
+&app;'s reporting features allow you to just that.</para>
+<para>&app;'s reporting features allow you to display nearly any group of
+transactions in a wide variety of formats. This makes it easy to answer
+questions about your finances, such as "How much did I spend on groceries
+last month?" or "How much did I earn in the previous six months?"</para>
+<para>&app; includes a number of common report types, which can be modified to
+meet your specific needs. If these common reports are insufficient, it is
+possible to modify or even write your own custom reports (although this is
+not recommended for beginners).</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_concepts">
+ <title>Overview</title>
+ <para>There are many standard reports pre-built in &app;,
+ all available from the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> pulldown menu in the main account window.</para>
+ <para>When you select a report from the list of reports, that report is first run
+ with its default settings. Once you have opened the report, you can modify its parameters by clicking on
+the Options button on the toolbar. Under Options, you will see the different
+settings that you can change for each report. Note that for different reports,
+the options will be different. </para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_savedconfigsinfo">
+ <title>Saved Reports Configurations Concepts</title>
+ <para>Once you have modified a report to meet your needs, you may wish to save
+ that report for reuse at a later point. &app; allows custom
+ reports to be saved, using the Save Report Configuration command.</para>
+ <para>To save a report configuration:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Go to the Reports Menu and choose the desired report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change the settings on the report until it includes what is needed.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Go to the General tab of the report's options and change the Report Name
+to something meaningful (Do not confuse this with the Report Title).</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Apply the changes and close the dialog.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Click the Save Report Configuration or Save Report Configuration As... button</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>This will store the report options in a file in your home directory.</para>
+<para>The first time you save a report with a name that has not already been saved,
+you can use either the Save Report Configuration or the Save Report
+Configuration As... button. You can modify the report name before saving it.</para>
+<para>Once a report has been saved with the current name, the Save Report Configuration button will immediately update the saved report configuration.
+Use the Save Report Configuration As button to save the current report
+configuration with a new name.</para>
+<para>Saved report configurations are available for use under the
+Reports->Saved Report Configurations entry. They will also be available for
+use on multicolumn reports.</para>
+<para>Saved report configurations can be deleted in the Saved Report Configurations
+dialog by clicking the trashcan icon.</para>
+<para>To edit saved report configurations, open the report via Reports->Saved Report
+Configurations, edit and apply the new options, and click Save Report
+Configuration.</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_standardrpts">
+ <title>Standard Reports Overview</title>
+ <para>The standard reports that are included in &app; are presented here
+ in the order that they appear in the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> menu. In each section, a short
+ description for each report is given, which explains what the report is
+ intended to show, and its primary purpose.</para>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
+<title>Assets & Liabilities Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about assets and liabilities.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_advport">
+<title>Advanced Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Advanced Portfolio produces a report on commodity accounts
+(stock and mutual fund type accounts) using price information stored in the
+&app; price database and within the
+&app; transaction data. If you do not have stock
+price information in your file, the report will indicate an error. This report
+includes extended information about commodity holdings, including information
+about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
+
+ <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
+ <title>Advanced Portfolio Capital Gains</title>
+ <para>
+ The Advanced Portfolio report doesn’t use the capital gain splits to
+ calculate capital gains. It calculates the gains from the various buy and
+ sell transactions in the account without regard to whether the gains and
+ losses are recorded or not. Any realized gain splits are ignored.
+ Realized gain splits are recognized as two splits, one in the stock’s
+ account with a zero number of shares and a non-zero value, the other in an
+ income or expense account with a value that is the negative of the split
+ in the stock account. These two splits can be in a separate transaction
+ (as created by scrubbing) or in the same transaction as the sale (this
+ will cause incorrect future scrubbing). The income or expense split can
+ be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
+ short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
+<title>Asset Barchart</title>
+<para>The Asset Barchart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
+<title>Asset Piechart</title>
+<para>The Asset Piechart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
+<title>Average Balance</title>
+<para>The Average Balance report displays monthly averages for the current accounting period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
+<title>Balance Sheet</title>
+<para>The Balance Sheet lists Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances
+for all such accounts, and provides totals as of a given date. Balance sheets
+are commonly run for the last day of each fiscal year to give an overall sense
+of the financial condition of the entity.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
+<title>General Journal</title>
+<para>The General Journal produces a register of all transactions (beginning
+to end) in order by date, showing the accounts and the amounts involved, and
+totals the Net Change by all currencies and assets.</para>
+<para>This report is not customizable by date or account, though you can
+include more or fewer details about the individual transactions, and whether
+to include running balances and totals for the credits and debits. If you
+need a report restricted to particular accounts, consider the Transaction
+Report or open a particular account and choose the Account Transaction Report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
+<title>General Ledger</title>
+<para>The General Ledger produces information about all transactions
+for a selected set of accounts. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_investport">
+<title>Investment Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Investment Portfolio produces a report of commodity accounts (that
+is, accounts with type "Stock" or "Mutual Fund"), giving holdings, price and
+value information about commodities in the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
+<title>Liability Barchart</title>
+<para>The Liability Barchart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
+<title>Liability Piechart</title>
+<para>The Liability Piechart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
+<title>Net Worth Barchart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Barchart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as bars on a graph on a monthly basis for the current
+financial period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
+<title>Net Worth Linechart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Linechart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as a line graph on a monthly basis for the current financial
+period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
+<title>Price Scatterplot</title>
+<para>The Price Scatterplot displays the value of one commodity relative to
+another commodity, for example the value of a stock relative to a currency.
+When first run, this report loads no data, and the report options must be
+changed to retrieve information from the file. Specifically, the "Price of
+Commodity" setting on the Price options tab must be changed to a specific
+commodity.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
+<title>Budget Group</title>
+<para> Budget reports in &app; allow you to gather
+summary information related to budgets you may have created. In order for
+these reports to work, you must first create a budget. The reports in this
+group are specifically based on budget information. To use these reports, you
+need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
+<title>Budget Balance Sheet</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbarchart">
+<title>Budget Barchart</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budflow">
+<title>Budget Flow</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budincstate">
+<title>Budget Income Statement</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budprofloss">
+<title>Budget Profit & Loss</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budreport">
+<title>Budget Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
+<title>Business Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about activities related
+to a business.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_customer">
+<title>Customer Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
+<title>Customer Summary</title>
+<para>Customer Summary is a customer profit report that can help with job analysis by
+comparing the income and expenses for a specific customer.</para>
+<para>All invoices have an Owner in &app;, so invoices that are
+made will show a customer and show in the report. When creating a Bill, the Default
+Chargeback Customer is blank. To use the profit report, this field needs an entry,
+since this is the tag that decides the line to which
+to attach the expense. Left blank, the bill will be assigned to "No Customer."
+Similarly, when income is entered directly in a register rather than creating an
+invoice, it will also be assigned to "No Customer."</para>
+<para>Thus, if this report includes an entry for "No Customer", this means that the report
+may be inaccurate, as the results are not all properly labeled.</para>
+<para>Possible use scenarios include:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Tracking retail sales from different cities</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking rental properties</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking types of business</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking commission sales</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>Each of these scenarios assumes that the account structure includes breakdowns
+for individual tracked categories. Changing settings on the Income and Expense
+tabs under Options can hone the information displayed. By default all income and
+expense accounts are included; however, since &app; can't really predict
+the names and classification of income and expense accounts, it must group them all
+into the "No Customer" entry.</para>
+<para>Note that inventory-based businesses won't benefit from this report because of its nature.</para>
+<para>Useful options:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>The Expense Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more expense accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Income Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more income accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Display tab allows sorting by name, profit percentage, or amount of profit.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_easyinv">
+<title>Easy Invoice</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_employee">
+<title>Employee Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_fancyinv">
+<title>Fancy Invoice</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_payaging">
+<title>Payable Aging</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_prtinv">
+<title>Printable Invoice</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_recaging">
+<title>Receivable Aging</title>
+<para>This report provides a listing of all customers, their current balance, and
+how much they have outstanding from invoices over different time periods—how
+much they owe from 0-30 days, from 31-60 days, from 61-90 days, and over 90 days.
+The report also contains links to each customer and to their current customer report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_vendor">
+<title>Vendor Report</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_incexp">
+<title>Income & Expense Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide information about Income and Expense</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_cashflow">
+<title>Cash Flow</title>
+<para>This report shows the change in value for a set of accounts (the flow of cash)
+over a given period of time. By default, this report is based on accounts in Assets and
+Special Accounts, and covers the current financial period. The report enumerates
+all money coming in to and going out of the base accounts, broken down by the
+other account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_equity">
+<title>Equity Statement</title>
+<para>This report can be seen as extension of the Balance Sheet report. The
+Balance Sheet states the balance of Assets, Liabilities and Equity at a
+specific point of time. The Equity Statement focuses on the Equity Accounts
+by showing the cash flow to and from them for a given period of time.</para>
+<para>By balancing this cash flow with income, the report shows the available
+capital at the beginning and end of the selected time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expbarchart">
+<title>Expense Barchart</title>
+<para>The Expense Barchart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_exppiechart">
+<title>Expense Piechart</title>
+<para>The Expense Piechart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expdayoweek">
+<title>Expenses vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Expenses vs. Day of Week presents a pie chart showing the totals for
+selected expense accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction.
+The report options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts,
+display options, and the date range) but the account selector only allows
+expense accounts to be chosen. The report aggregates expense transactions by
+day of week, not by any other period or category. Due to these limitations,
+the report may be considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting
+to examine the source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomebarchart">
+<title>Income Barchart</title>
+<para>The Income Barchart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific income types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
+<title>Income & Expense Chart</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomepiechart">
+<title>Income Piechart</title>
+<para>The Income Piechart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific income types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incstatement">
+<title>Income Statement</title>
+<para>This report lists Income and Expense account totals for a set period. By
+default, it shows all Expense and Income accounts down to 3 levels of
+sub-accounts for the current financial period.</para>
+<para>An Income Statement is also called a "Profit and Loss" report or "Revenue Statement."</para>
+<para>In earlier versions of &app;, this report was called
+"Profit & Loss," but with version 2, the report was renamed "Income Statement"
+to use more common accounting terminology.</para>
+<para>The Income Statement helps show where money is coming from and where it is
+going for a given time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incdayoweek">
+<title>Income vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Income vs. Day of Week presents a piechart showing the totals for selected
+income accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction. The report
+options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts, display options,
+and the date range) but the account selector only allows income accounts to be
+chosen. The report aggregates income transactions by day of week, not by any
+other period or category. Due to these limitations, the report may be
+considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting to examine the
+source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_trialbal">
+<title>Trial Balance</title>
+<para>Trial Balance lists the ending balances in all accounts as of a particular
+date. It is typically run at the end of an accounting period and is primarily
+used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_sampcust">
+<title>Sample & Custom Group</title>
+<para>The reports in this group offer examples on how reports can be customized
+or podified to suit personal need.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custommulti">
+<title>Custom Multicolumn Report</title>
+<para>This report provides a base that allows several standard and custom
+reports to be combined into one view. Note that this report opens with an empty
+window; you must open the options and designate which reports to include for display.
+Once the reports have been selected, the settings for individual reports in the
+multicolumn display can be edited.</para>
+</sect3>
+<sect3 id="rpt_sample">
+<title>Sample Report with Examples</title>
+<para>This is a sample report that users can examine to learn how to write their own reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
+<title>Welcome Sample Report</title>
+<para>This report demonstrates how the Multicolumn Report can be use to create
+custom dashboard-type reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_miscrpts">
+<title>Other Reports</title>
+<para>Several reports are included on the main Reports menu. These are described
+below.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctsummary">
+<title>Account Summary</title>
+<para>This lists the balances of all accounts and subaccounts as of a
+particular date. By default, this report shows accounts and totals
+down to third-level subaccounts.</para>
+<para>This report gives effectively the same information as the Chart of Accounts.
+You can use this report to export and print the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+<note>
+ <para>To generate a report of account totals over a particular time period
+ (especially if you do not close your books at regular intervals), you might
+ consider using the Income Statement, or Cash Flow reports.</para>
+</note>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
+<title>Future Scheduled Transactions Summary</title>
+<para></para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_taxtxf">
+<title>Tax Report & TXF Export</title>
+<para>Generates a report and a downloadable .txf file of taxable income and
+deductible expenses for a particular accounting period. To download the report
+data, choose the Export button on the toolbar and choose between html and .txf
+downloadable versions.</para>
+<para>To use this report, you must use Edit --> Tax Options to identify which
+form the taxing authority uses for each income or expense account. Note that
+you can see but not modify the "Tax related" checkbox in Edit --> Edit Account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_txnrept">
+<title>Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report lists the transactions in selected accounts during a
+specified financial period. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_savedrpts">
+<title>Saved Report Configurations</title>
+<para>Selecting this will open a dialog with a list of available Saved Report
+Configurations. "Saved Report Configurations" means sets of customized
+settings for standard reports.</para>
+<para>These sets must be saved by the user before they appear here. See
+Report Concepts above for instructions on how to save report configurations.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctreport">
+<title>Account Report</title>
+<para>The Account Report menu entry only appears when an account register is
+the active tab. This report produces a list of all transactions in the open
+register.</para>
+<para>Note that if you conduct a search that retrieves several transactions, the
+results are displayed in a new search register, which can then be used to create
+a report for just those transactions.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_accttxnrept">
+<title>Account Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report also only appears when an account register is the active tab.
+However, this report only lists transactions that have been selected
+(e.g. by mouse click) in the current register. If no transactions are selected,
+an empty report will be generated.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/ch_txns.xml b/guide/ru/ch_txns.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b75acae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/ch_txns.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1560 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: 2014-09-26 (fell)
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally written by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<chapter id="chapter_txns">
+ <title>Транзакции</title>
+
+ <para>This chapter will give you the basic information you need to
+ understand and use transactions in &app;. Whereas accounts are the
+ framework and structure of a chart of accounts, transactions are the data
+ which fills each account.</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="txns-concepts1">
+ <title>Basic Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>A <emphasis>transaction</emphasis> in a double entry accounting
+ system such as &app; is an exchange between at least 2 accounts. Thus, a
+ single transaction must always consist of at least two parts, a <emphasis>from</emphasis> and
+ a <emphasis>to</emphasis> account. The <emphasis>from</emphasis> account is transferring value to the <emphasis>to</emphasis> account.
+ Accountants call these parts of a transaction <emphasis>Ledger
+ Entries</emphasis>. In &app;, they are called
+ <emphasis>Splits</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>A split identifies the account to which it refers, the
+ amount of money specifically moved to or from that account, and
+ can contain a few other specific pieces of information if needed.
+ &app; supports multiple splits in a
+ single transaction, and the splits can move money into or out of
+ the involved accounts arbitrarily.</para>
+
+ <para>For example, you receive a paycheck and deposit it into your savings
+ account at the bank. The <emphasis>transaction</emphasis> that occurs is
+ that your bank savings account (an asset) received money from your income
+ account. Two accounts are affected, and in this case there is a net
+ increase in your equity.</para>
+
+ <para>Working with transactions in &app; is performed using what is
+ known as the <emphasis>account register</emphasis>. Every account you
+ create has an account register. It will appear familiar to you as it looks
+ very similar to the log used to track checkbooks.</para>
+
+ <para>The account register is explained in the upcoming section,
+ <xref linkend="txns-register-oview"/>.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="txns-register-oview">
+ <title>The Account Register</title>
+
+ <para>The <emphasis>account register</emphasis> is the &app; window, which allows you to view or edit preexisting transactions, or add new transactions for a particular account. To open an account register from the Account Tree, double-click the account name, right click the account name and select Open Account from the menu, or use the Open button on the toolbar. &app; will display the account register window.</para>
+ <sect2 id="txns-registers-features2">
+ <title>Features of the Account Register</title>
+
+ <para>The <emphasis>Titlebar</emphasis> of the account register displays the account name. Below the <emphasis>Titlebar</emphasis>, the <emphasis>Menubar</emphasis> displays the menu items available within the account register, and the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> contains handy buttons that help you work with the account register.</para>
+
+ <para>At the bottom left of the register window, &app; displays helpful messages as you move about the register. To the right, you can see the current account balance and the total of cleared splits.</para>
+ </sect2>
+<sect2 id="txns-regstyle1">
+ <title>Choosing a Register Style</title>
+
+ <para>&app; offers several options for viewing your registers. The
+ default style is <guilabel>Basic Ledger</guilabel> mode, which displays
+ only the summary of splits affecting the current account. This is the
+ style that most closely resembles other popular personal financial
+ packages. You can choose a different register style from the <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu></menuchoice> menu. There are two other view modes:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Auto-Split Ledger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ style expands the current transaction automatically. As you highlight a
+ new transaction in the register, the transaction automatically expands to
+ show all splits.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Transaction
+ Journal</guimenuitem></menuchoice> style shows all splits for all transactions in the register, which is more like an accounting journal.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>All styles permit you to view your data in either single-line or
+ double-line format. Select <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Double Line</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and you will see your transaction
+ line expand to two register lines. Double-line mode will also display the transaction-level Notes field.</para>
+
+ <para>Below are screenshots that demonstrate how the Basic Ledger and Transaction Journal views differ.
+ </para>
+ <para>For this example, let’s assume that you have purchased 3 pair of Jeans for $1,000, and have recorded the purchase as a split transaction with each pair entered on a separate split.</para>
+ <para>The below screenshots illustrate the different view modes.</para>
+
+ <para>First let’s view the Jeans transaction from your checking account:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-registersplit4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit4.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>3 Jeans purchases</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>
+ This image shows one split transaction with 3 Jeans purchases
+ </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Now, let's open the <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account, and look at it in Basic view.</para>
+
+<screenshot id="txns-registersplit5">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit5.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>A jump to the <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account
+ in Basic Ledger mode.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+<para>Three entries appear here, but there was only the single split entry in the checking account. Further examination shows that each row has a different amount, $200, $300, and $500. This demonstrates that each row in this view reflects a single split from the original transaction.</para>
+
+ <para>Changing to Transaction Journal mode will display only the original split transaction.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-registersplit6">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit6.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>A jump to the <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account in
+ Transaction Journal mode.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="txns-shortcuts1">
+ <title>Using Entry Shortcuts</title>
+
+ <para>&app; provides several time-saving shortcuts for entering your
+ data. When you type the first few characters of a description that you
+ have used before, the QuickFill feature automatically fills in the rest of
+ the transaction as you last entered it. When you type in the first
+ characters of an account name in either the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel>
+ field of the transaction line or the <guilabel>Account</guilabel> field of
+ the split line, QuickFill will automatically complete the name from your
+ account list. It also helps you with entering sub-accounts in these
+ fields: simply type the first characters of the parent account name
+ followed by a <keycap>:</keycap> (colon) and the first characters of the sub-account name. For
+ example, to enter <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis>, you might type
+ <userinput>A:C</userinput> and let &app; fill in the rest.</para>
+ <warning><para>Because <keycap>:</keycap> is the account separator symbol,
+ you can not use it in your account names.</para></warning>
+ <tip><para>If you really need the colon in your account names, you can select another symbol by
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Accounts</guisubmenu>
+ <guilabel>Character</guilabel></menuchoice>.</para></tip>
+ <para>Register keyboard shortcuts also save you time, and &app; provides
+ several of them. In the date field, you can type:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>+</keycap> or <keycap>=</keycap> to increment the date
+ and <keycap>-</keycap> or <keycap>_</keycap> to decrement the
+ date</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>]</keycap> or <keycap>}</keycap> to increment the month
+ and <keycap>[</keycap> or <keycap>{</keycap> to decrement the
+ month</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>M</keycap> or <keycap>m</keycap> to enter the first date
+ of the month</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>H</keycap> or <keycap>h</keycap> to enter the last date
+ of the month</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>Y</keycap> or <keycap>y</keycap> to enter the first date
+ of the year</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>R</keycap> or <keycap>r</keycap> to enter the last date
+ of the year</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>T</keycap> or <keycap>t</keycap> to enter today’s
+ date</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <tip><para>These date shortcuts not only work in the account register but everywhere
+ you can enter a date.</para></tip>
+
+ <tip><para>Specifically for dates there's another way you can save time: you can enter
+ partial dates. For example if you only enter one number, &app;
+ will interpret it as the day in the current month of the current year. If you only enter
+ a day and month, &app; will automatically append the year. By
+ default this is the current year. You can however also configure
+ &app; to take such a date in a sliding window starting
+ a number of months before the current month. This can be done via
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Date/Time</guisubmenu>
+ <guilabel>Date Completion</guilabel></menuchoice>.</para></tip>
+
+ <para>In the <guilabel>Num</guilabel> field of the transaction line, you
+ can type <keycap>+</keycap> to increment the transaction number from the
+ last one you typed in. Typing <keycap>-</keycap> will decrement the
+ number. This will also work in the <guilabel>Action</guilabel> field of
+ the split line, if you choose to enter split numbers there. The
+ <guilabel>Action</guilabel> field also supports QuickFill - if you type
+ the first characters of a common action (such as
+ <guilabel>Deposit</guilabel>), &app; will fill in the rest.</para>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> field supports QuickFill
+ of account names. You can start typing an account name and
+ &app; will fill in the remaining part of the name. Typing the
+ separator character at any time will complete the current level of
+ the account name, leaving the cursor positioned to start the next
+ level of account name. For example, typing <keycap>A:C</keycap> the
+ standard set of account names will complete to the
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account. You can also type the
+ <keycap>Menu</keycap> or <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Down</keycap></keycombo> keys in this
+ field to pop up a list of all account names.</para>
+
+ <para>In any of the amount fields, you can use a built-in calculator.
+ Simply type in the first value, followed by <keycap>+</keycap>,
+ <keycap>-</keycap>, <keycap>*</keycap>, or <keycap>/</keycap>, then type
+ in the second value. &app; will perform the calculation and return the
+ resulting value to the amount field when you press the
+ <keycap>Tab</keycap> key.</para>
+
+ <para>All of the menu items have access keys defined, and these are marked
+ by underlined characters in the menu names. Press <keycap>Alt</keycap> +
+ [underlined character] to bring up the menu, then select an item by typing
+ its underlined character. For example, typing <keycombo>
+ <keycap>Alt</keycap>
+
+ <keycap>A</keycap>
+ </keycombo> brings up the Actions menu, then typing
+ <keycap>P</keycap> will split the transaction. A few of the menu items
+ also have shortcut keys that immediately invoke the command (typically
+ using the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> key). These shortcuts are listed next
+ to the item.</para>
+
+ <para>To move around the register, use these keys to save time:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>Tab</keycap> to move to the next field, <keycombo>
+ <keycap>Shift</keycap>
+
+ <keycap>Tab</keycap>
+ </keycombo> to move to the previous field</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>Home</keycap> to move to the beginning of the field,
+ <keycap>End</keycap> to move to the end of the field</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> or <keycap>↓</keycap> to move to the next
+ transaction, <keycap>↑</keycap> to move to the previous
+ transaction</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>Page Up</keycap> to move up one screen, <keycap>Page
+ Down</keycap> to move down one screen</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycombo>
+ <keycap>Shift</keycap>
+
+ <keycap>Page Up</keycap>
+ </keycombo> to go to the first transaction, <keycombo>
+ <keycap>Shift</keycap>
+
+ <keycap>Page Down</keycap>
+ </keycombo> to go to the last transaction</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>In the <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window you can use these
+ keyboard shortcuts:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>Tab</keycap> moves to the next box and
+ <keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo>
+ moves to the previous
+ box</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Space bar toggles the status between reconciled and not
+ reconciled</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><keycap>↑</keycap> and <keycap>↓</keycap> navigate through the
+ entries within the current box</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+ <sect1 id="txns-registers-txntypes">
+ <title>Simple vs. Split Transactions</title>
+
+ <para>Every transaction in &app; has at least two splits, but a transaction can have more than two splits. A transaction with only two splits is called a <emphasis>simple transaction</emphasis>, since it only involves the current account and a single remote account. A transaction with three or more accounts is called a <emphasis>split transaction</emphasis>.</para>
+ <para>When the register is in Basic view, you will see a summary of the splits affecting the current account. For a simple transaction, the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> column will display the other account from which money is <emphasis>transferred</emphasis>. For a split transaction, the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> column will display <guilabel>-- Split Transaction --</guilabel>. You can see the individual splits of each
+ transaction by clicking the <guibutton>Split</guibutton> button in the
+ <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> while selecting the appropriate transaction.</para>
+
+ <para>For split transactions, the first line of the transaction is the
+ <emphasis>transaction line</emphasis>. It contains a
+ <guilabel>Date</guilabel>, optional <guilabel>Num</guilabel> (such as a
+ check number), transaction <guilabel>Description</guilabel>, total
+ amount affecting the current account (<guilabel>Tot Deposit</guilabel>
+ here), and updated account <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> after the
+ current transaction. Note that in the expanded view, the
+ <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> column heading disappears, and there is no
+ account name listed in that field. This line shows you only a summary of
+ the transaction’s effect on the current account. For more detailed
+ information, you need to look at the individual splits that make up the
+ transaction.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>An account register displays a transaction when that
+ transaction has a split assigned to the account. If a given transaction
+ has more than one split assigned to the account, then in Basic and
+ Auto-Split views, that transaction will appear in the register one
+ time for each split assigned to that account. In Transaction Journal
+ view, such a transaction will only appear once in the register.</para>
+ </note>
+
+<para>The partial lines below the transaction line are the
+ <emphasis>split lines</emphasis>, and they are separated by gray lines.
+ As you highlight one of the split lines, the column headings change to
+ show the split-related fields:</para>
+
+<screenshot id="txns-registersplit2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>How split headings change</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows how split headings
+ change.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+</screenshot>
+
+<para>Each split contains an optional <guilabel>Action</guilabel>, or
+ type of split, which you can either type in or choose from a pull-down
+ list. The split also contains an optional <guilabel>Memo</guilabel>
+ which describes the split. Each split affects an
+ <guilabel>Account</guilabel>, which can be selected from a pull-down
+ list of your accounts. The <guilabel>R</guilabel> field indicates
+ whether the split has been reconciled. The last two columns show the
+ amount of the split and whether money is coming into or going out of the
+ account.</para>
+
+<para>As we discussed in <xref linkend="basics-accounting1" />, total
+ debits (left-column entries) must equal total credits (right-column
+ entries) for each transaction. In the example shown above, the total
+ debits equal the total credits, so this transaction is balanced. If you
+ notice, the transaction line contains the same debit amount as the
+ <guilabel>Checking</guilabel> split line. Why is this shown twice?
+ Because the transaction line is merely a <emphasis>summary</emphasis> of
+ the transaction’s effect on the current account. The same transaction in
+ a different account will have a different transaction line, one that
+ shows the effect on that particular account. You can see this by
+ highlighting another split line and clicking the
+ <guibutton>Jump</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis>.</para>
+
+<para>In this example, if you jump to the
+ <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> account, &app; brings up the same
+ transaction in the <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> - Register:</para>
+
+<screenshot id="txns-registersplit3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>A jump to the <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> account</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows a jump to the
+ <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> account.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+</screenshot>
+
+<para>Note that the transaction line total now summarizes the effect on
+ the <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> account instead of the
+ <emphasis>Checking Account</emphasis>, because you are looking at the
+ <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> account register. The splits are
+ exactly the same, but the transaction line now reflects the credit to
+ the <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis> account.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-registers-twoaccount2">
+ <title>Simple Transaction Example</title>
+
+ <para>Starting with the chart of accounts we created in the
+ previous chapter <filename>gcashdata_3</filename>, double click on the
+ <guilabel>Checking</guilabel> asset account. Let’s add a simple
+ transaction to the checking account. When you first create your accounts
+ in &app;, it is common to start them off with an initial
+ balance.</para>
+
+ <para>In the first transaction row, enter a date (eg: March, 1, 2006), a
+ description (eg: <quote>Opening Balance</quote>), click on the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> pop-up menu
+ and select <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balances</emphasis>, add a deposit
+ value of $1000, and press the <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key. The account register should now
+ appear similar to this figure:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-register-2account">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_register_2account.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account - Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> -
+ Register after inserting a starting value
+ transaction.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Setting the starting balances of an account is an example of a
+ simple two account transaction. In this case, affecting the
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> and the <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balances</emphasis>
+ accounts.</para>
+
+ <para>As another example of a simple 2 account transaction, add another
+ transaction to describe the purchase of $45.21 worth of groceries. From
+ within the <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account, you would set
+ <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> to
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Groceries</emphasis>. The account register should now
+ appear:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-register-2account2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_register_2account2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>The Checking Account - Register</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> -
+ Register after adding a transaction for
+ groceries.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-registers-multiaccount2">
+ <title>Split Transaction Example</title>
+
+ <para>The need for 3 or more splits in a transaction occurs when you need
+ to split either the <quote>from</quote> or the <quote>to</quote> account in a transaction into
+ multiple accounts. The classic example of this is when you receive a
+ paycheck. Your take home pay from a paycheck will typically be less than
+ your net pay, with the difference being due to taxes, retirement account
+ payments, and/or other items. Thus, the single transaction of you
+ receiving a paycheck involves other accounts besides simply
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> and
+ <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis>.</para>
+ <para>To add the paycheck split transaction from the<emphasis role="italic"> Assets:Checking</emphasis> account register window, click on a new transaction line and click <guilabel>Split</guilabel>. Note that if you have set your register view to Auto-Split or Transaction Journal, the splits will be opened for you. Enter the description of this transaction on the first line(e.g. “Employers R Usâ€). In the split lines below this, enter the various splits that make up this transaction, one by one. To enter the splits, first choose the account, then enter the amount by which to change the account. Keep in mind that when in an asset account register, amounts entered in the left column increase the account balance, while amounts entered in the right column decrease the balance (for more about this, see <xref linkend="basics-transactions2"/>). Tab or click the next split line and repeat the process. Note that if you are using the keyboard to navigate the transaction, use<keycap> Tab</keycap> to move from field to field, as using <keycap>Enter</keycap> will commit the transaction and create splits to an Imbalance account.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>When creating a transaction in &app;, splits can be entered in any order.
+ However, when the transaction is closed (either when leaving the transaction, or when
+ pressing the <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key), all debit splits will jump ahead of all credit splits.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>In this example, choose the deposit account
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis>) and then enter the amount that
+ is being deposited into it (e.g. $670). Follow this by entering the
+ amounts for the various taxes:
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Taxes:Federal</emphasis> account, $180;
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Taxes:Medicare</emphasis> account, $90; and
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Taxes:Social Security</emphasis> account, $60. Finally,
+ enter the gross total of your paycheck ($1,000 in this example) as a
+ withdrawal transfer from <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>The final split should look like <xref
+ linkend="txns-register-multiaccount"/>. Remember to press <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> after finishing the entry. But you
+ should also know that when you press <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap>, the split view will be
+ <quote>folded</quote> back into a simplified transaction view. The
+ splits are still there; you just have to click
+ <guilabel>Split</guilabel> to view them. See <xref
+ linkend="txns-registers-features2"/> for details.</para>
+
+ <figure id="txns-register-multiaccount">
+ <title>Entering a split transaction</title>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_register_multiaccount.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Account Register - Split Transaction</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="txns-reconcile1">
+ <title>Reconciliation</title>
+
+ <para>Once transactions have been entered into &app;, it is important to verify
+ that they agree with the records of your financial institution. This
+ verification process is known as <emphasis role="strong">reconciliation</emphasis>, and it is key to determine
+ whether your records are accurate. Most commonly, you will check transactions
+ against bank statements, although you can use this process to verify any
+ transaction.</para>
+
+ <para>&app; keeps track of the reconciliation status of each
+ transaction. The reconciliation status of a transaction is shown by the
+ reconciliation <guilabel>R</guilabel> field in a register:
+ <emphasis>y</emphasis> indicates that a transaction has been
+ reconciled, <emphasis>n</emphasis> indicates that it has not, and <emphasis>c</emphasis> indicates that it has
+ been cleared, but not reconciled. A split marked cleared signifies that you got some kind of confirmation
+ that the institution accepted the order (e.g. you have the restaurant's receipt for your credit card purchase).
+ You can toggle the reconciliation status
+ between <emphasis>n</emphasis> and <emphasis>c</emphasis> by clicking in the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field; you can set
+ it to <emphasis>y</emphasis> by using <xref linkend="txns-reconcile-window2" />.</para>
+
+ <para>At the bottom of the account window, there are (among others) two running
+ balances (the <guilabel>cleared</guilabel> and <guilabel>reconciled</guilabel> balance), and the
+ <guilabel>total</guilabel> balance. The former balances should correspond to how much money
+ the bank thinks you have in your account, while the latter includes outstanding transactions.</para>
+
+ <para>For example, when you write a check for something, you should
+ enter the transaction into &app;. The reconciliation <guilabel>R</guilabel> field of the
+ transaction will initially contain <guilabel>n</guilabel> (new). Your new entry will
+ contribute to the <guilabel>total</guilabel> balance, but not to the <guilabel>cleared</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>reconciled</guilabel> balance. Later, if you got some confirmation that the check has been cashed,
+ you might click on the transaction’s <guilabel>R</guilabel> field to change it to <emphasis>c</emphasis>
+ (cleared). When you do this, the <guilabel>cleared</guilabel> balance will
+ change to include this amount. When the bank statement arrives, you can
+ then compare it to what you’ve recorded in &app; by opening the reconciliation
+ window. There, you will be able to change the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field to <emphasis>y</emphasis> (reconciled).</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>You cannot reconcile directly in a register window by clicking in the <emphasis>R</emphasis> field. You must use the
+ reconciliation window. Once a transaction has been marked <emphasis>reconciled</emphasis>,
+ it can no longer be easily changed without breaking the
+ <link linkend="rec-start-blnc"><guilabel>Starting Balance</guilabel></link> of the next reconciliation.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <warning>
+ <para>It is important to understand that reconciliation is done for a given
+ date, and when you reconcile an account based on a statement from a given date,
+ you are reconciling <emphasis role="strong">all transactions prior to that date</emphasis>. Therefore, if you
+ add or modify transactions that predate your last reconciliation, your
+ <emphasis role="strong">reconciled</emphasis> balances will be thrown off.</para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-reconcile-window2">
+ <title>Reconcile windows</title>
+
+ <para>The reconciliation windows are used to reconcile a &app; account
+ with a statement that a bank or other institution has sent you.
+ Reconciliation is useful not only to double-check your records against
+ those of your bank, but also to get a better idea of outstanding
+ transactions, e.g. uncashed checks.</para>
+
+ <para>To use the reconciliation windows, select an account from the
+ account tree and click on <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Reconcile</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. A window like the one below will appear in which you can
+ enter the reconcile information.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-reconcile-window-1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_reconcile_window1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_reconcile_window1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Reconcile Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The initial reconcile window.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>In the initial reconcile window, some <guilabel>Reconcile Information</guilabel> need to be entered.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Statement Date</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The date of the statement you will be reconciling against.</para>
+ <tip>
+ <para>Click on the down arrow in the right of this field to open a calendar</para>
+ </tip>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="rec-start-blnc"><term><guilabel>Starting Balance</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a non-editable item which displays the balance from the previous
+ reconciliation. It should match the starting balance in your statement.</para>
+
+ <warning><para>Sometimes, the opening balance in &app; does not match
+ that found on your statement. This can happen the first time you reconcile your account or
+ when a previously-reconciled transaction is de-reconciled or deleted.</para></warning>
+
+ <note><para>The first time you reconcile your account, the <guilabel>starting balance</guilabel>
+ will be <guilabel>0.00</guilabel>, thus probably not the <emphasis>opening balance</emphasis>
+ of your account. When you reconcile the account, the <emphasis>opening balance</emphasis> for the
+ account will be included in the reconciliation, and the result should balance.</para></note>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>In the case when a previously-reconciled transaction is accidentally de-reconciled, you
+ can simply re-reconcile the transaction along with the transactions on the current statement, and
+ the result should balance.</para>
+
+ <para>The case of accidentally deleting a previously-reconciled transaction presents
+ more of a challenge; if you cannot determine what was
+ deleted and restore it to the register, you will have to create a dummy
+ transaction to get the reconciliation to finish.</para>
+ </tip>
+ <caution><para>While the latter case does not matter for your private accounting,
+ you should have a really good explanation for your auditors, if you are the
+ accountant of a club or a company.</para></caution>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Ending Balance</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This field should be filled with the ending balance as it appears in the statement.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>&app; automatically fills this field with the
+ <guilabel>Present</guilabel> balance as shown in the lower part of the
+ account’s register.</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Include Sub-accounts</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Check this option if you want to include in the reconciliation the transactions
+ that belongs to the sub-accounts of the currently selected account. Note that all sub-accounts must be in the same commodity as the parent for the option to be enabled.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guibutton>Enter Interest Payment</guibutton></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Clicking this button opens a new window that allow you to enter an interest transaction to the account to be
+ reconciled.</para>
+ <tip>
+ <para>The <guilabel>Interest Payment</guilabel> window might be opened automatically when you start a reconciliation
+ for an account of the type <emphasis>Bank</emphasis>, <emphasis>Credit</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Mutual</emphasis>, <emphasis>Asset</emphasis>, <emphasis>Receivable</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Payable</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Liability</emphasis>. If you want to disable
+ this behavior for any of the previous accounts, go to the <guilabel>Register</guilabel> tab of the
+ <guilabel>&appname; Preferences</guilabel> and uncheck the <guilabel>Automatic interest transfer</guilabel>
+ option. Alternatively, to disable this behavior only for the selected account, press the
+ <guibutton>No Auto Interest Payments for this Account</guibutton> button in the
+ <guilabel>Interest Payment</guilabel> window.</para>
+ </tip>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Then, click on the <guibutton>Ok</guibutton> button, and you will see
+ the transactions listing reconcile window:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-reconcile-window-2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_reconcile_window2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_reconcile_window2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"></imagedata>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Reconcile Window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The transactions listing in the reconcile
+ window.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>The two panes called <guilabel>Funds In</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>Funds Out</guilabel>, lists all the unreconciled transactions that belongs to the account
+ that is going to be reconciled.
+ The <guilabel>R</guilabel> columns show whether the transactions have been reconciled.</para>
+
+ <para>Now, examine each item on the bank statement, and look for the
+ matching item in the <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window.</para>
+
+ <para>If you cannot find a transaction, then perhaps you forgot to enter it, or did not know that the transaction
+ had happened. You can use the <guibutton>New</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis>, or the
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Transaction</guimenu><guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ menu item in the menu, to open a register window and enter the missing
+ transaction. The new item will appear in the <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window when you
+ press the <guibutton>Enter</guibutton> button in the register after entering the transaction.</para>
+
+ <para>When you find the item in the <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window, compare the amount
+ in the item to the amount on the statement. If they disagree, you may
+ have made an error when you entered the transaction in &app;. You can
+ use the <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis>, or the
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Transaction</guimenu><guimenuitem>Edit</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ item, to open a register window and correct the transaction.</para>
+
+ <para>If the amounts agree, click on the item in the <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window.
+ A check mark wil appear in the <guilabel>R</guilabel> column aside the selected transaction.
+ &app; will automatically update the amounts in the lower right summary pane.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>You can use the <keycap>up</keycap>/<keycap>down</keycap> arrow keys to scroll to the item, the
+ <keycap>space</keycap> key to mark the item as reconciled and the <keycap>Tab</keycap>
+ key to switch panes.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>You then repeat this for each item that appears on the bank
+ statement, verifying that the amounts match with the amounts in &app;,
+ and marking off transactions in &app; as they are reconciled.</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>You can check or uncheck the reconcile status of all transactions in
+ either pane by clicking on a transaction in the required pane then clicking
+ <keycap>Ctrl-A</keycap> followed by <keycap>space</keycap>. This will toggle
+ the reconcile status of all transactions in the pane to either checked or
+ unchecked state. This procedure can be repeated to achieve the desired status
+ for the transactions in the pane.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>At the bottom of the <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window there is a <guilabel>Difference</guilabel> field,
+ which should show <guilabel>0.00</guilabel> when you are done reconciling. If it shows some
+ other value, then either you have missed transactions, or some amounts
+ may be incorrect in &app;. (Or, less likely, the bank may have made an
+ error.)</para>
+
+ <note><para>Under some circumstances, it may be difficult or impossible to determine why an account will not reconcile. If you are unable to correct the discrepancy between your books and a statement, &app; includes a <guibutton>Balance</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> that will automatically create a balancing entry for you in the amount that cannot be reconciled.</para>
+ <para>To use this, carry out the full reconciliation (marking all transactions that you can identify) and then click this button. &app; will create a balancing entry for the remaining discrepancy that uses the <emphasis>Special Accounts:Orphan-XXX</emphasis> account (where "XXX" represents your currency). The Reconcile window will close; re-opening it will allow you to check the newly-created balancing entry and finish the process.</para></note>
+
+ <para>When you have marked off all the items on the bank statement and the difference is 0.00, press the <guibutton>Finish</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> or
+ select <menuchoice><guimenu>Reconcile</guimenu><guimenuitem>Finish</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the menu.
+ The <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window will close.
+ In the register window, the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field of the reconciled transactions will
+ change to <emphasis>y</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>In this case, we have not received all the information yet, so we
+ simply press the <guibutton>Postpone</guibutton> button, so we can continue at
+ a later stage. Observe that the <guilabel>R</guilabel> column indicates we cleared (<emphasis>c</emphasis>)
+ two transactions. They have not been reconciled yet, but we have
+ verified these two transactions so they have been marked as cleared. If
+ you look at the <emphasis>Statusbar</emphasis> at the bottom of the account register, you
+ will see a summary of what has been reconciled and what has been cleared
+ (<guilabel>Cleared:USD 954.79 Reconciled:USD 0.00</guilabel>)</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-reconcile-window-3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_reconcile_window3.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Checking account</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>The Checking account after postponing the
+ reconciliation.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="txns-sxn1">
+ <title>Scheduled Transactions</title>
+
+ <para>Scheduled transactions are made to help entering repetitive money
+ operations, like subscriptions, insurances or taxes. By using scheduled
+ transactions, you only have to enter the concerned transaction once, set a
+ few parameters like start date, frequency and a little description, and
+ then &app; will tell you whenever a scheduled transaction is ready to be
+ created, and create it for you.</para>
+
+ <para>In this howto, we’ll take a monthly Internet subscription of 20 USD
+ as example, which is taken on the 28th of each month.</para>
+
+ <para>In &app;, there are two ways of creating scheduled transactions,
+ <link linkend="txns-sxn-ledger2">from the ledger</link> or from the
+ <link linkend="txns-sxn-editor2">Scheduled Transactions Editor</link>.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-sxn-ledger2">
+ <title>Creating from the Ledger</title>
+
+ <para>Enter the first occurrence of your to-schedule transaction in the
+ ledger. In the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> field for this transaction, type
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Internet</emphasis> as shown in the next screenshot.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-ledger-1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_ledger1.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Step one creating scheduled transaction from the
+ ledger</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Step one creating scheduled transaction from the
+ ledger</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Since we did not create the <emphasis>Expenses:Internet</emphasis> account, &app;
+ will prompt us to create it.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Then you right click on your transaction and select
+ <guilabel>Schedule...</guilabel></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-ledger-2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_ledger2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Step two creating scheduled transaction from the
+ ledger</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Step two creating scheduled transaction from the
+ ledger</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>A window like this will appear:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-ledger-3">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_ledger3.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Step three creating scheduled transaction from the
+ ledger</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Step three creating scheduled transaction from the
+ ledger</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Let’s fill the values, we know that the subscription is taken on
+ the 28th each month, and the next one is for next month (since we
+ entered the one for this month manually) :</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-ledger-4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_ledger4.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Filling in data to a scheduled transaction</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Filling in data to a scheduled
+ transaction</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Click the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, and the transaction will be scheduled.
+ &app; now has memorized this scheduled transaction and on the 28th of
+ next month, it will pop up a window asking if it should create it (see
+ far below for a screenshot of this window).</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-sxn-editor2">
+ <title>Creating from the Editor</title>
+
+ <para>Another way of entering a scheduled transaction is from the
+ <guilabel>Scheduled Transaction Editor</guilabel>, it may be faster if we have several
+ scheduled transactions to create at once.</para>
+
+ <para>From the main accounts windows, select
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu><guisubmenu>Scheduled Transactions</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Scheduled Transaction Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the <emphasis>Menubar</emphasis>.
+ A new <guilabel>Scheduled Transactions</guilabel> tab will be opened in the
+ current &app; window as shown above:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-2.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Empty <guilabel>Scheduled Transactions</guilabel> tab</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Empty <guilabel>Scheduled Transactions</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>This tab contains a list, now empty, of all the scheduled
+ transactions. Let’s create a new one by clicking on the <guibutton>New</guibutton>
+ button in the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis>. A window like the one below will pop up:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-3-overview">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-overview.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-overview.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>
+ <guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem> window,
+ <guilabel>Overview</guilabel> tab</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Overview</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>First, let’s enter a name for this new scheduled
+ transaction in the top of the window.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>This name will only identify the transaction
+ in the <guilabel>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guilabel> window,
+ it will never appear in the ledger.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>In the <guilabel>Options</guilabel> pane of the <guilabel>Overview</guilabel>
+ tab you have four options:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Enable</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets the status of the scheduled transaction.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Create automatically</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>If enabled, will insert this transaction in the
+ ledger without asking you before (see below). If needed, you can be advised
+ when the transaction is entered by checking the <guilabel>Notify me when created</guilabel>
+ option.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Create in advance</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets how many days in advance the transaction will be created.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Remind in advance</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets how many days in advance a reminder is presented. This
+ can be used, for example, when you have to pay something by check, and a reminder
+ one week before allows you to send your check before the deadline.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Occurences</guilabel> pane allows you to tell &app; that
+ this scheduled transaction won’t last for ever. For example if you are repaying a loan,
+ you can enter the loan end date or the number of occurences left.</para>
+
+ <para>Select now the <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> tab in the <guilabel>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guilabel> window.
+ Here you can set the time-related options of the transaction.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-3-frequency">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-frequency.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-frequency.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>
+ <guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem> window,
+ <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> tab</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Frequency</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets the basic frequency of the transaction, with options for <guilabel>once</guilabel>,
+ <guilabel>daily</guilabel>, <guilabel>weekly</guilabel>, <guilabel>semi-monthly</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>monthly</guilabel>.
+ In this example, this is set to <guilabel>monthly</guilabel>.</para>
+ <note>
+ <para>It is possible to set a transaction to occur at intervals <emphasis>other</emphasis> than
+ those listed in the <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> list, by changing the setting in the
+ <guilabel>Every</guilabel> control (see below).</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Start Date</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets when the transaction will begin. In the example, this would
+ be set to the start of the next month.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>Every</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This option allows you to schedule transactions by multiplies of the value in
+ <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel>. For example, to create a transaction that runs every 3 weeks, set
+ <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> to <guilabel>Weeks</guilabel> and <guilabel>Every</guilabel> to
+ <guilabel>3</guilabel>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry><term><guilabel>On the</guilabel> and <guilabel>Except on weekends</guilabel></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets the day of the month that the transaction is scheduled, and controls what
+ &app; will do when the day occurs on a weekend day.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>We know that the subscription is taken on the 28th each month, so the <guilabel>Start date</guilabel>
+ will be November 1, 2003 (assuming November is the next month), the <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> will be
+ <guilabel>Monthly</guilabel>, it will be taken every month on the 28th. Since in our example the internet
+ subscription is automatically taken from the account, we have no need to create it in advance, nor
+ give an end date.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>When the elements on this tab are filled in, &app; will highlights the
+ calendar below to indicate when future transactions will be run.</para>
+
+ <para>Finally select the <guilabel>Template Transaction</guilabel> tab and enter your transaction
+ in the lower part as you would do in the ledger, with the only difference of having no date.</para>
+
+ <para>Now, you should have a window like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-3-template">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-template.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-template.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Template Transaction</guilabel> tab</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Template Transaction</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Remember to click on the <guibutton>Enter</guibutton> icon, to validate and enter the
+ transaction.</para>
+
+ <para>Now click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, it takes you to the <guilabel>Scheduled Transactions</guilabel> tab,
+ now showing one item in the <guilabel>Transactions</guilabel> list:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-4.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor-4.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Entered scehduled transaction</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Entered scehduled transaction</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>If you click in the calendar part on the first day of one month, a
+ small window, following your mouse, will show you what is planned for
+ this day. To make the small window dissapear again, just click in it
+ one more time.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>You can now close the <guilabel>Scheduled Transaction</guilabel> tab, and
+ <guilabel>save</guilabel> your work.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>What comes below is just an illustration, and is not meant to be
+ entered into the &app; database at this stage. As per this example,
+ the below dialogs will appear when the scheduled transaction is
+ supposed to run.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>From now on, when &app; is launched and a scheduled
+ transaction is scheduled or need to be entered,
+ you may see a <guilabel>Since Last Run...</guilabel> window summarizing the scheduled transactions
+ operations (<guilabel>Reminder</guilabel>, <guilabel>To-Create</guilabel> etc... a better
+ description of each option can be found in the &app; manual):</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-slr">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor_slr.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_sxn_editor_slr.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Cristian Marchi" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Scheduled transaction popup reminder</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Scheduled transaction popup reminder</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>You can click on the <guilabel>Status</guilabel> column to change
+ the scheduled transaction status if needed. Then just click on <guibutton>Ok</guibutton> to
+ close the <guilabel>Since Last Run...</guilabel> window and to apply the pending operations.
+ Select <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> to skip entering in the ledger the pending operations.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <guilabel>Status</guilabel> field was set to <guilabel>To-Create</guilabel>,
+ then if you take a look in your bank account register, you’ll see the transaction has been created:</para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>If you enable the <guilabel>Review created transactions</guilabel> option in the lower right of the
+ <guilabel>Since Last Run...</guilabel> window, &app; will open, after pressing
+ <guibutton>Ok</guibutton>, the register tab of each account where the scheduled
+ transactions were entered automatically.</para>
+ </tip>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>If you entered the transaction for 28 of April at this stage,
+ then please <emphasis>revert back</emphasis> to the last saved &app; file
+ by selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Open</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and
+ choosing the previously saved <filename>gcashdata_3</filename> &app; file.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="txns-puttoget1">
+ <title>Putting It All Together</title>
+
+ <para>In the previous sections of this chapter the concepts and mechanics
+ of working with transactions in &app; have been discussed. This section
+ will expand upon the chart of accounts initially built in the previous
+ chapter, by setting some opening balances, adding transactions and a
+ scheduled transaction.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-puttoget-openfile">
+ <title>Open &app; file</title>
+
+ <para>Start with opening the previous datafile we stored,
+ <filename>gcashdata_3emptyAccts</filename>, and store it as
+ <filename>gcashdata_4</filename> directly. The main window should look
+ something like this:</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-puttoget1-Charts">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_puttoget_Charts.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Starting point for Putting It All Together</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows the starting point for this
+ section.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-puttoget-open2">
+ <title>Opening Balances</title>
+
+ <para>As shown earlier with the <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis>
+ account, the starting balances in an account are typically assigned to a
+ special account called <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balance</emphasis>. To
+ start filling in this chart of account, begin by setting the starting
+ balances for the accounts. Assume that there is $1000 in the savings
+ account and $500 charged on the credit card.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the <emphasis>Assets:Savings</emphasis> account register.
+ Select <guimenu>View</guimenu> from the menu and check to make sure
+ you are in Basic Ledger style. You will view your transactions in
+ the other modes later, but for now let’s enter a basic transaction
+ using the basic default style.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>From the <emphasis>Assets:Savings</emphasis> account register
+ window, enter a basic 2 account transaction to set your starting
+ balance to $1000, transferred from <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balance</emphasis>.
+ Remember, basic transactions transfer money from
+ a source account to a destination account. Record the transaction
+ (press the <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key, or click on
+ the <guibutton>Enter</guibutton> icon).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>From the <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account register
+ window, enter a basic 2 account transaction to set your starting
+ balance to $1000, transferred from <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balance</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>From the <emphasis>Liabilities:Visa</emphasis> account
+ register window, enter a basic 2 account transaction to set your
+ starting balance to $500, transferred from <emphasis>Equity:Opening Balance</emphasis>.
+ This is done by entering the $500 as a <guilabel>charge</guilabel>
+ in the <emphasis>Visa</emphasis> account (or <guilabel>decrease</guilabel> in the <emphasis>Opening Balance</emphasis> account),
+ since it is money you borrowed. Record the transaction (press the
+ <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key, or click on
+ the <guibutton>Enter</guibutton> icon).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>You should now have 3 accounts with opening balances set.
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis>,
+ <emphasis>Assets:Savings</emphasis>, and
+ <emphasis>Liabilities:Visa</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-puttoget1-Charts1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_puttoget_Charts1.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart accounts after setting opening balance</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows the opening
+ balances.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-puttoget-add2">
+ <title>Additional Transaction Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Now add some more transactions to simulate a month’s expenses.
+ During the month, $78 is spent on electricity, $45 on phone, and $350 on
+ rent. All paid by check. We also spent $45.21 on groceries, received $670
+ as salary, and paid our Internet bill this month. Finally, let’s move
+ $100 from the savings account to the checking account.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the <emphasis>Expenses:Electricity</emphasis> account
+ register and enter a simple 2 account transaction to pay the $78
+ electrical bill at the end of the current month (eg: March 28,
+ 2006). Enter a description (eg: Light Company) and the check number
+ (eg: 102). The <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> account should be
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account register
+ and enter a simple 2 account transaction to pay the $45 phone bill
+ at the end of the current month (eg: March 28, 2006). Enter a
+ description (eg: Phone Company Name) and the check number (eg: 103).
+ The <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> account should be
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Phone</emphasis>. Notice that you can enter
+ expense transactions from either the credit side (the expense
+ accounts) or the debit side (the asset account).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the <emphasis>Expenses:Rent</emphasis> account register
+ and enter a simple 2 account transaction to pay the $350 in rent at
+ the end of the current month (eg: March 28, 2006). Enter a
+ description (eg: April Rent) and the check number (eg: 104). The
+ <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> account should be
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Duplicate this transaction using the
+ <guibutton>Duplicate</guibutton> button in the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis>. Start by
+ clicking on the current rent transaction, and click on the
+ <guilabel>Duplicate</guilabel> icon. Enter the transaction date a
+ month out in the future (eg: April 28, 2006), and notice the blue
+ line separator that &app; uses to separate future transactions
+ from current ones. In this way, you can enter transactions before
+ they occur.</para>
+
+ <para>You could also set up a scheduled transaction to pay your
+ rent, since the value of the rent is likely to be constant for the
+ foreseeable future. <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Start by clicking on the current (April 28) rent
+ transaction, and click on the <guilabel>Schedule</guilabel>
+ icon</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Change to <guilabel>Monthly</guilabel>, change
+ description if needed and press <guibutton>OK</guibutton></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>To transfer money from your savings account to your checking
+ account, open the <emphasis>Assets:Savings</emphasis> account
+ register, add a new transaction setting
+ the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> to <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> in the amount
+ of $100 (date 6 March, 2006).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>As another example of a simple 2 account transaction, add
+ another transaction to describe the purchase of $45.21 worth of
+ groceries on 5 of March. From within the <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account, you
+ would set <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> to
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Groceries</emphasis>. The account register should
+ now appear:</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>To add a paycheck transaction from the
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> account register window, click
+ on a new transaction line, and click on <guilabel>Split</guilabel>.
+ First enter the description of this transaction on the first line
+ (eg: <quote>Employers R Us</quote>), as well as the date (14 March). In the
+ <quote>split</quote> line below this, enter the deposit into
+ <emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> (eg:$670). Follow this with the various tax deposits
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Checking</emphasis> (eg: $670),
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Taxes:Federal</emphasis> account (eg: $180),
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Taxes:Medicare</emphasis> account (eg: $90), and
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Taxes:Social Security</emphasis> account (eg: $60)) and
+ lastly the gross total of your paycheck (eg: $1000) as a withdrawal
+ transfer from <emphasis>Income:Salary</emphasis>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>You also need to pay for your Internet subscription of 20 USD on
+ the 28th.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-puttoget2-Charts1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_puttoget_Charts2.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Chart accounts after setting all the various
+ transactions</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows the ending balances after <xref
+ linkend="chapter_txns" />.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-puttoget-save">
+ <title>Save file</title>
+
+ <para>Before we go to the report section, let’s save the &app; data
+ file (<filename>gcashdata_4</filename>).</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="txns-puttoget-reports">
+ <title>Reports</title>
+
+ <para>But only having data available on the computer screen will not
+ make your accountant happy, therefore &app; comes with a large number
+ of highly customizable reports.</para>
+
+<!-- Add this note when the reports chapter is ready
+ <note>
+ <para>More details on the reports can be found in <xref linkend="chapter_reports" /></para>
+ </note>
+-->
+
+ <para>Let’s have a look at a <guilabel>Cash Flow</guilabel>, and a
+ <guilabel>Transaction</guilabel> Report.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>First let’s have a look at the <guilabel>Cash Flow</guilabel>
+ report for the month of March.</para>
+
+ <para>Select the cash flow report from <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Cash Flow</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-puttoget2-Cash">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_CashFlow.png" format="PNG"
+ srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Cash Flow report for the month of March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows the Cash Flow report after <xref
+ linkend="chapter_txns" />.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>To get this customized report, right click in the report and
+ choose <guilabel>Report Options</guilabel>. Then set the time
+ period, and specify which accounts you want in the report.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s have a look at corresponding transaction report for
+ the Checking account.</para>
+
+ <para>Select the transaction report from <menuchoice><guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Transaction Report</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-puttoget2-TransactionRptChecking">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_TransactionRptChecking.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transaction Report for the Checking account during
+ March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows the Transaction Report for the
+ Checking account during March. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Now let’s change the transaction report to only show the
+ various Expenses accounts.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="txns-puttoget2-TransactionRptExpenses">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/txns_TransactionRptExpenses.png"
+ format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Transaction Report for the Expenses accounts during
+ March</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>This image shows the Transaction Report for the
+ various Expense accounts during March. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/guide/ru/fdl-appendix.xml b/guide/ru/fdl-appendix.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..537c8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/fdl-appendix.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook
+ Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais at okstate.edu>
+ Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project
+ http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp
+ Version: 1.0.1
+ Last Modified: Nov 16, 2000
+-->
+
+<appendix id="fdl">
+ <appendixinfo>
+ <releaseinfo>
+ Version 1.1, March 2000
+ </releaseinfo>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2000</year><holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice id="fdl-legalnotice">
+ <para>
+ <address>Free Software Foundation, Inc. <street>59 Temple Place,
+ Suite 330</street>, <city>Boston</city>, <state>MA</state>
+ <postcode>02111-1307</postcode> <country>USA</country></address>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
+ license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+ </para>
+ </legalnotice>
+ </appendixinfo>
+ <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-preamble">
+ <title>0. PREAMBLE</title>
+ <para>
+ The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
+ other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of
+ freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
+ redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
+ commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
+ preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
+ their work, while not being considered responsible for
+ modifications made by others.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which means
+ that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in
+ the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,
+ which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
+ free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
+ free program should come with manuals providing the same
+ freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
+ to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
+ regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
+ printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
+ whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section1">
+ <title>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
+ <para id="fdl-document">
+ This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
+ notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
+ distributed under the terms of this License. The
+ <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to any such manual or
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+ as <quote>you</quote>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para id="fdl-modified">
+ A <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
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+
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+ A <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
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+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively
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+ linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose titles
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+ <title>2. VERBATIM COPYING</title>
+ <para>
+ You may copy and distribute the <link
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+ It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors
+ of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before
+ redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
+ to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section4">
+ <title>4. MODIFICATIONS</title>
+ <para>
+ You may copy and distribute a <link
+ linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the conditions of
+ sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link> and <link
+ linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you release
+ the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
+ Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
+ licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version
+ to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
+ these things in the Modified Version:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>A</title>
+ <para>
+ Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
+ Page</link> (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+ from that of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of
+ previous versions (which should, if there were any, be
+ listed in the History section of the Document). You may
+ use the same title as a previous version if the original
+ publisher of that version gives permission.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>B</title>
+ <para>
+ List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
+ Page</link>, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+ responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
+ <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>,
+ together with at least five of the principal authors of
+ the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of
+ its principal authors, if it has less than five).
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>C</title>
+ <para>
+ State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
+ Page</link> the name of the publisher of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the
+ publisher.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>D</title>
+ <para>
+ Preserve all the copyright notices of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>E</title>
+ <para>
+ Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+ adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>F</title>
+ <para>
+ Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
+ license notice giving the public permission to use the
+ <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under
+ the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
+ Addendum below.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>G</title>
+ <para>
+ Preserve in that license notice the full lists of <link
+ linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and
+ required <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover
+ Texts</link> given in the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document’s</link> license notice.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>H</title>
+ <para>
+ Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>I</title>
+ <para>
+ Preserve the section entitled <quote>History</quote>, and
+ its title, and add to it an item stating at least the
+ title, year, new authors, and publisher of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>as given on
+ the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>. If
+ there is no section entitled <quote>History</quote> in the
+ <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one
+ stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
+ Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
+ describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
+ sentence.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>J</title>
+ <para>
+ Preserve the network location, if any, given in the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access
+ to a <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link>
+ copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
+ given in the Document for previous versions it was based
+ on. These may be placed in the <quote>History</quote>
+ section. You may omit a network location for a work that
+ was published at least four years before the Document
+ itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
+ refers to gives permission.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>K</title>
+ <para>
+ In any section entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
+ <quote>Dedications</quote>, preserve the section’s title,
+ and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
+ each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
+ dedications given therein.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>L</title>
+ <para>
+ Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
+ Sections</link> of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their
+ text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
+ equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>M</title>
+ <para>
+ Delete any section entitled
+ <quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not be
+ included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
+ Version</link>.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <formalpara>
+ <title>N</title>
+ <para>
+ Do not retitle any existing section as
+ <quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in title with
+ any <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
+ Section</link>.
+ </para>
+ </formalpara>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
+ includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
+ <link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and
+ contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
+ option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To
+ do this, add their titles to the list of <link
+ linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the
+ Modified Version’s license notice. These titles must be
+ distinct from any other section titles.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You may add a section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>,
+ provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your <link
+ linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> by various
+ parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
+ has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
+ definition of a standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You may add a passage of up to five words as a <link
+ linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage
+ of up to 25 words as a <link
+ linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link>, to the end of
+ the list of <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>
+ in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.
+ Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text
+ may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
+ entity. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
+ already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
+ added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
+ acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
+ replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
+ publisher that added the old one.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The author(s) and publisher(s) of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License
+ give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
+ assert or imply endorsement of any <link
+ linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section5">
+ <title>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
+ <para>
+ You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
+ with other documents released under this License, under the
+ terms defined in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>
+ above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
+ combination all of the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
+ Sections</link> of all of the original documents, unmodified,
+ and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in
+ its license notice.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,
+ and multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
+ Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
+ multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
+ contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
+ at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+ author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
+ number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
+ list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
+ work.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
+ <quote>History</quote> in the various original documents,
+ forming one section entitled <quote>History</quote>; likewise
+ combine any sections entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
+ and any sections entitled <quote>Dedications</quote>. You must
+ delete all sections entitled <quote>Endorsements.</quote>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section6">
+ <title>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
+ <para>
+ You may make a collection consisting of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents
+ released under this License, and replace the individual copies
+ of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
+ is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
+ rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
+ documents in all other respects.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
+ dispbibute it individually under this License, provided you
+ insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
+ follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
+ copying of that document.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section7">
+ <title>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
+ <para>
+ A compilation of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or its derivatives with
+ other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
+ volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole
+ count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
+ of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed
+ for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an
+ <quote>aggregate</quote>, and this License does not apply to the
+ other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on
+ account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
+ derivative works of the Document. If the <link
+ linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of <link
+ linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these
+ copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
+ quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may
+ be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
+ aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
+ aggregate.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section8">
+ <title>8. TRANSLATION</title>
+ <para>
+ Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+ distribute translations of the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of <link
+ linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing <link
+ linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with
+ translations requires special permission from their copyright
+ holders, but you may include translations of some or all
+ Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
+ Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
+ License provided that you also include the original English
+ version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
+ translation and the original English version of this License,
+ the original English version will prevail.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section9">
+ <title>9. TERMINATION</title>
+ <para>
+ You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the <link
+ linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly
+ provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
+ modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
+ automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
+ parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
+ License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+ parties remain in full compliance.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-section10">
+ <title>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
+ <para>
+ The <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
+ Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
+ Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
+ will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
+ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <ulink
+ url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
+ number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
+ specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
+ <quote>or any later version</quote> applies to it, you have the
+ option of following the terms and conditions either of that
+ specified version or of any later version that has been
+ published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
+ the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
+ you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by
+ the Free Software Foundation.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="fdl-using">
+ <title>Addendum</title>
+ <para>
+ To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+ the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+ license notices just after the title page:
+ </para>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <para>
+ Copyright YEAR YOUR NAME.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
+ License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the
+ Free Software Foundation; with the <link
+ linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST
+ THEIR TITLES, with the <link
+ linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> being LIST,
+ and with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover
+ Texts</link> being LIST. A copy of the license is included in
+ the section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation
+ License</quote>.
+ </para>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
+ Sections</link>, write <quote>with no Invariant Sections</quote>
+ instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
+ <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write
+ <quote>no Front-Cover Texts</quote> instead of
+ <quote>Front-Cover Texts being LIST</quote>; likewise for <link
+ linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code,
+ we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
+ choice of free software license, such as the <ulink
+ url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public
+ License</ulink>, to permit their use in free software.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+</appendix>
+
+
diff --git a/guide/ru/fdl.txt b/guide/ru/fdl.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b42936b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/fdl.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+ GNU Free Documentation License
+ Version 1.1, March 2000
+
+ Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+0. PREAMBLE
+
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
+the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
+modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
+this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
+credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
+modifications made by others.
+
+This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+
+
+1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+
+This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
+notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
+under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
+such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
+addressed as "you".
+
+A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+
+A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
+the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
+(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
+within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
+textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
+mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+
+The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License.
+
+The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License.
+
+A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
+subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
+not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
+
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
+or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
+HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
+PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
+by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
+processing tools are not generally available, and the
+machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
+purposes only.
+
+The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+
+2. VERBATIM COPYING
+
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
+
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+
+
+3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
+
+If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
+and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
+the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
+Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
+general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
+charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
+option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
+distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
+Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
+until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
+copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
+the public.
+
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+
+
+4. MODIFICATIONS
+
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+
+A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+ from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+ (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+ of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+ if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+ responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+ Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+ Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
+C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+ Modified Version, as the publisher.
+D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+ adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+ giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+ terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+ and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
+ it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+ publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+ there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
+ stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+ given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+ Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+ public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+ the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+ it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
+ You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+ least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+ publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
+ preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
+ substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
+ and/or dedications given therein.
+L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+ unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+ or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
+ may not be included in the Modified Version.
+N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
+ or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+
+You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/fop.xconf.in
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<fop version="1.0">
+ <!-- BASEDIR_RU can be replaced with CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR
+ once we completely drop the autotools build system -->
+ <base>@BASEDIR_RU@</base>
+ <font-base>@extended_fontdir@</font-base>
+
+ <!-- Information for specific renderers -->
+ <!-- Uses renderer mime type for renderers -->
+ <renderers>
+ <renderer mime="application/pdf">
+ <filterList>
+ <!-- provides compression using zlib flate (default is on) -->
+ <value>flate</value>
+ </filterList>
+
+ <fonts>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_SERIF at .@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="serif" style="normal" weight="normal" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_SERIF at Bold.@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="serif" style="normal" weight="bold" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_SERIF at Italic.@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="serif" style="italic" weight="normal" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_SANS at .@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="normal" weight="normal" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_SANS at Bold.@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="normal" weight="bold" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_SANS at Oblique.@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="italic" weight="normal" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_MONO at .@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="monospace" style="normal" weight="normal" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_MONO at Bold.@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="monospace" style="normal" weight="bold" />
+ </font>
+ <font embed-url="@EXTENDED_MONO at Oblique.@extended_extension@">
+ <font-triplet name="monospace" style="italic" weight="normal" />
+ </font>
+ </fonts>
+
+ <!-- This option lets you specify additional options on an XML handler -->
+ <xml-handler namespace="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+ <stroke-text>true</stroke-text>
+ </xml-handler>
+
+ </renderer>
+</renderers>
+</fop>
diff --git a/guide/ru/gnc-glossary.xml b/guide/ru/gnc-glossary.xml
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index 0000000..e3c83e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/gnc-glossary.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE glossary SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: December 6, 2016
+ Author:
+ David T. <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<glossary id="gnc-gloss">
+ <title>&app; Glossary</title>
+ <para>This is a glossary of common terms used in &app;.
+ Some entries here are taken from <ulink url="&url-wp-en;Main_Page">Wikipedia</ulink>.</para>
+
+<!-- ... -->
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_account">
+ <glossterm>Account</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An account keeps track of what you own, owe, spend or receive.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_accountingperiod">
+ <glossterm>Accounting Period</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An accounting period is the period with reference to which accounting
+ books of an entity are prepared. Common accounting
+ periods include month, quarter, and year.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_aqbanking">
+ <glossterm>AqBanking</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A library which implements the German Home Banking Computer Interface
+ (HBCI) and Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard (EBICS), OFX
+ Direct Connect and Paypal. It is the successor of openHBCI.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_asset">
+ <glossterm>Asset</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An asset is something you own. Anything tangible or intangible that
+ can be owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have
+ positive economic value is considered an asset.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_balancesheet">
+ <glossterm>Balance Sheet</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A Balance Sheet is a summary of the financial balances of an individual
+ or organization. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and ownership
+ equity at a specific point in time.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_book">
+ <glossterm>Book</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A book is a record of all transactions for an individual or organization. In
+ &app;, each file contains a book.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_capgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Capital Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The difference between the purchase and selling prices of an investment
+ at the time the investment is sold. Also known as
+ <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>. Before an investment
+ is sold, the difference in value is referred to as
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_realgainloss">Realized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_capstock">
+ <glossterm>Capital stock</glossterm>
+ <glosssee otherterm="gnc-gl_stock">Stock</glosssee>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_chartofaccounts">
+ <glossterm>Chart of Accounts</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A listing of all the accounts available in the data file. The chart
+ of accounts consists of balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities,
+ stockholders' equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses,
+ gains, losses).</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commission">
+ <glossterm>Commission</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The fee paid to a broker to buy or sell securities.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commodity">
+ <glossterm>Commodity</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A commodity is something of value that is easily tradeable or sellable;
+ for example, currencies, stocks, bonds, grain, copper, and oil are all commodities.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commonstock">
+ <glossterm>Common stock</glossterm>
+ <glosssee otherterm="gnc-gl_stock">Stock</glosssee>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_compounding">
+ <glossterm>Compounding</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The concept that the reinvested interest can later earn interest of
+ its own (interest on interest). This is often referred to as <emphasis>compound
+ interest</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_costbasis">
+ <glossterm>Cost Basis</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Cost basis is the original cost of property, adjusted for various factors.
+ Its primary use is for tax purposes. Factors that affect the cost basis include:
+ stock splits, dividends, depreciation and return of capital distributions.
+ Cost basis is used to determine the <emphasis>capital gain</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_csv">
+ <glossterm>CSV</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Stands for Comma Separated Values. CSV files are used to store data
+ in plain text. Each line of the file is a record and each record can be
+ comprised of multiple fields separated by commas. CSV is one import format
+ that &app; supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_dividends">
+ <glossterm>Dividends</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Dividends are cash payments a company makes to shareholders. The
+ amount of this payment is usually determined as some amount of the profits
+ of the company. Not all common stocks give dividends.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_equities">
+ <glossterm>Equities</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Equities are investments in which the investor becomes part (or whole)
+ owner in something.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_fints">
+ <glossterm>Financial Transaction Services (FinTS)</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A banking protocol used by German banks. Developed by the German Central
+ Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). The standard is used
+ only by German banks. Prior 2002, it was called Home Banking Computer
+ Interface (HBCI). FinTS is one import format that &app; supports.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_hbci">Home Computer Banking Interface (HBCI)</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_gsettings">
+ <glossterm>GSettings</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Since version 2.5 the tool that stores user configuration data. It
+ uses the native data store of the operating system:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Linux</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>DConf since Gnome 3.0 dropped GConf</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>MacOS</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>Defaults. Use the command-line defaults(1) to modify
+ prefs when GnuCash isn't running.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Windows</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>Registry.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_hbci">
+ <glossterm>Home Computer Banking Interface (HBCI)</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A bank-independent online banking protocol used by German banks. Home
+ Banking Computer Interface (HBCI) was developed by the German Central
+ Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). Since 2002, it has
+ been called Financial Transaction Services (FinTS). HBCI is one import
+ format that &app; supports.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_fints">Financial Transaction Services (FinTS)</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_interest">
+ <glossterm>Interest</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>What a borrower pays a lender for the use of their money. Normally,
+ this is expressed in terms of a percentage of the principal per year. For
+ example, a savings account with 1% interest will pay you $1 for every $100
+ you keep deposited per year.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_liability">
+ <glossterm>Liability</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A liability is a debt or obligation that an individual or organization
+ owes.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_libofx">
+ <glossterm>LibOFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An open source library for <emphasis>OFX</emphasis>. It was created by one
+ of the &app; developers, originally to be the
+ OFX interface for &app;.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_ofx">OFX</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_liquidity">
+ <glossterm>Liquidity</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A measure of how easily convertible an investment is to cash. Money
+ in a savings account is very liquid, while money invested in a house has
+ low liquidity because it takes time to sell a house.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_lot">
+ <glossterm>Lot</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A lot is a means of grouping a commodity so that you later identify that
+ the item bought in one transaction is the same as one sold in a different
+ transaction. Lots are often implemented with stocks, where capital gain can
+ depend on which item is being sold at a given time.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_mt940">
+ <glossterm>MT940</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A financial information standard defined by SWIFT and used by several
+ European banks. It is also used internally in HBCI. Unfortunately, you can't
+ download the MT940 standard, but some banks publish it on their websites.
+ MT940 is one import format that &app; supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_ofx">
+ <glossterm>OFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Open Financial eXchange format. This is a financial information
+ exchange standard used by many institutions. OFX is one import format
+ that &app; supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_pricedb">
+ <glossterm>Price Database</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The price database contains a store of price quotes for stocks, mutual
+ funds, and currencies.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_principal">
+ <glossterm>Principal</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The original amount of money invested or borrowed.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_qfx">
+ <glossterm>QFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Quicken Financial eXchange format is a proprietary financial
+ information exchange standard promoted by Quicken and used by many institutions.
+ QFX is one import format that &app; supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_qif">
+ <glossterm>QIF</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Quicken Interchange Format (QIF) is an open specification for
+ reading and writing financial data to files. This is an older format that
+ is still used by many institutions. QIF is one import format
+ that &app; supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_realgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Realized Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The difference between the purchase and selling prices of an investment
+ at the time the investment is sold. Also known as
+ <emphasis>Capital Gain/Loss</emphasis>. Before an investment
+ is sold, the difference in value is referred to as
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_capgainloss">Capital Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_reconciliation">
+ <glossterm>Reconciliation</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Reconciliation is a verification process in which the user compares their records
+ with those of the financial institution to ensure that the records in each system agree
+ at some particular point in time. During reconciliation, the user checks individual
+ transactions in their file against the institution's statement; upon completion, the
+ reported balances of the institution and the reconciled account will match at that
+ point in the register.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_return">
+ <glossterm>Return</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The total income plus capital gains or losses of an investment.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_yield">Yield</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_reversingtxn">
+ <glossterm>Reversing Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>In formal accounting, a transaction is never deleted. Therefore, when
+ a mistake is made, the original transaction remains in the ledger, and a
+ transaction is added to the ledger that reverses the original. This
+ <emphasis>reversing transaction</emphasis> duplicates the original transaction,
+ but with debit and credit amounts reversed. This removes the effect of the
+ erroneous transaction from the books. After entering the reversing transaction,
+ a corrected transaction can then be entered. Reversing
+ transactions are not commonly used in personal accounting.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_risk">
+ <glossterm>Risk</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The probability that the return on investment is different from what
+ was expected. Investments are often grouped on a scale from low risk (e.g.,
+ savings accounts or government bonds) to high risk (e.g., common stocks
+ or junk bonds). As a general rule of thumb, the higher the risk, the
+ higher the possible return.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_schedtxn">
+ <glossterm>Scheduled Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Scheduled transactions provide a framework for remembering information
+ about transactions that are set to occur in the future, either once or
+ periodically.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_yield">Yield</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_scheme">
+ <glossterm>Scheme</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Scheme is a functional programming language based on a dialect of LISP.
+ Reports in &app; use the Scheme programming language;
+ thus, users wishing to customize reports must write Scheme.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id="gnc-gl_shareholder">
+ <glossterm>Shareholder</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A shareholder is a person who holds common stock in a company.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_split">
+ <glossterm>Split</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A split, or Ledger Entry, is the fundamental accounting unit.
+ Each split consists of an amount, the value of that amount expressed in a
+ (possibly) different currency, a Memo, a pointer to the parent Transaction,
+ a pointer to the debited Account, a reconciled flag and timestamp, an action
+ field, and a key-value frame which can store arbitrary data.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_stock">
+ <glossterm>Stock</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A security that represents a certain fractional ownership of a company.
+ This is what you buy when you <quote>buy stock</quote> in a company on the
+ open market. This is also sometimes known as <emphasis>capital stock</emphasis>,
+ or <emphasis>common stock</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_stocksplit">
+ <glossterm>Stock split</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Occurs when a company offers to issue some additional multiple of shares
+ for each existing stock. For example, a <quote>2 for 1</quote> stock split
+ means that if you own 100 shares of a stock, you will receive an additional
+ 100 shares at no cost to you. The unit price of the shares will usually be
+ adjusted so there is no net change in the value, so in this example the
+ price per share will be halved. Note that such transactions affect the cost
+ basis per share owned.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_transaction">
+ <glossterm>Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A transaction consists of a date, a description, an ID number, a list
+ of two or more splits, and a key-value frame. Transactions embody the notion
+ of "double entry" accounting.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Unrealized gain or loss is the difference in value between a purchase
+ price and the current value of a given asset. These gains remain unrealized
+ until the asset is sold, at which point they become <emphasis>Realized gains
+ or losses</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_capgainloss">Capital Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_realgainloss">Realized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_valuation">
+ <glossterm>Valuation</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The process of determining the market value or the price the
+ investment would sell at in a <quote>reasonable time frame</quote>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_xml">
+ <glossterm>XML</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The eXtensible Markup Language is an international markup standard.
+ &app; stores its data by default in an XML data
+ structure.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_yield">
+ <glossterm>Yield</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A measure of the amount of money you earn from an investment
+ (i.e., how much income you receive from the investment). Typically, this
+ is reported as a percentage of the principal amount. Yield does not include
+ capital gains or losses (see Return). For example, a stock that sells for $100
+ and gives $2 in dividends per year has a yield of 2%.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<!-- ... -->
+
+</glossary>
diff --git a/guide/ru/gnucash-guide-ru.omf b/guide/ru/gnucash-guide-ru.omf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..360db10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/gnucash-guide-ru.omf
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<omf>
+ <resource>
+ <creator>
+ chris at wilddev.net (Chris Lyttle)
+ </creator>
+ <creator>
+ carol at io.com (Carol Champagne)
+ </creator>
+ <maintainer>
+ gnucash-devel at gnucash.org (GnuCash Development Team)
+ </maintainer>
+ <contributor>
+ Yawar Amin
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Derek Atkins
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ J. Alex Aycinena
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Tom Browder
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Frank H. Ellenberger
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Mike Evans
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Chris Good
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ David Hampton
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ David Harrison
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Dave Hermann
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Geert Janssens
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Andreas Köhler
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Jon Lapham
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Chris Lyttle
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Cristian Marchi
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Sebastien Millet
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ John Ralls
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Robert Ratliff
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Michael Rensing
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Zach Sadecki
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Chris Shoemaker
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Christian Stimming
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ David Suarez
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Bengt Thuree
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Michael Witten
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Dmitriy Mangul
+ </contributor>
+ <contributor>
+ Anton Tarasov
+ </contributor>
+ <title>
+ ПрактичеÑкое руководÑтво по GnuCash
+ </title>
+ <date>
+ 2018-04-01
+ </date>
+ <version identifier="3.0" date="2018-04-01" description="Создано Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÐµÑ€Ñии GnuCash 3.0"/>
+ <subject category="GNOME|Applications|Financial"/>
+ <description>
+ Ðтот документ ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¿Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑким руководÑтвом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñовой программы GnuCash.
+ </description>
+ <type>
+ практичеÑкое руководÑтво
+ </type>
+ <format mime="text/xml" dtd="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"/>
+ <identifier url="gnucash-guide.xml"/>
+ <language code="ru"/>
+ <relation seriesid="0a127098-3892-a788-1c87-f779d6abbc65d0"/>
+ <rights type="GNU FDL" license.version="1.1" holder="GnuCash Development Team"/>
+ </resource>
+</omf>
diff --git a/guide/ru/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/ru/gnucash-guide.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df6c7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Template Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project:
+ http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp
+ Template version: 2.0 beta
+ Template last modified Feb 12, 2002
+-->
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 3.7
+ Last modified: 8 September 2019
+ Maintainers:
+ Gnucash Development Team <gnucash-devel at gnucash.org>
+ Translators:
+ Dmitriy Mangul <dimang.freetime at gmail.com>
+-->
+
+<book id="index" lang="ru-RU"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+<!-- please do not change the id; for translations, change lang to -->
+<!-- appropriate code -->
+ <bookinfo>
+ <title>ПрактичеÑкое руководÑтво по &app;</title>
+ <edition>V&manrevision;</edition>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2009-2020</year>
+ <holder>&appname; Documentation Team</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2010-2011</year>
+ <holder>Yawar Amin</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2010</year>
+ <holder>Tom Bullock</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2010-2011</year>
+ <holder>Cristian Marchi</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2006</year>
+ <holder>Chris Lyttle</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2003-2004</year>
+ <holder>Jon Lapham</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2002</year>
+ <holder>Chris Lyttle</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2001</year>
+ <holder>Carol Champagne and Chris Lyttle</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <!-- translators: uncomment this:
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2000</year>
+ <holder>ME-THE-TRANSLATOR (Latin translation)</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ -->
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2017</year>
+ <holder>Dmitriy Mangul (russian translation)</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2017</year>
+ <holder>Anton Tarasov (russian translation)</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <publisher>
+ <publishername>The &appname; Documentation Team</publishername>
+ <address>
+ <email>gnucash-devel at gnucash.org</email>
+ </address>
+ </publisher>
+
+ <xi:include href="legal.xml" />
+
+ <authorgroup>
+
+ <author><surname>The GnuCash Documentation Team</surname></author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.10</revnumber>
+ <date>11 April 2020</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.9</revnumber>
+ <date>29 March 2020</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.8</revnumber>
+ <date>29 December 2019</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.7</revnumber>
+ <date>8 September 2019</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.6</revnumber>
+ <date>30 June 2019</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.1</revnumber>
+ <date>28 April 2018</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v3.0</revnumber>
+ <date>1 April 2018</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.20</revnumber>
+ <date>1 April 2018</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.15</revnumber>
+ <date>26 March 2017</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.15</revnumber>
+ <date>18 December 2016</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.11</revnumber>
+ <date>11 January 2016</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.8</revnumber>
+ <date>27 September 2015</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.7</revnumber>
+ <date>28 June 2015</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.3</revnumber>
+ <date>30 March 2014</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.2</revnumber>
+ <date>2 March 2014</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.1</revnumber>
+ <date>26 January 2014</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.0</revnumber>
+ <date>29 December 2013</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.4.2</revnumber>
+ <date>17 November 2012</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.4.1</revnumber>
+ <date>1 July 2011</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.3.16</revnumber>
+ <date>November 7, 2010</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Jon Lapham
+ </para>
+ <para role="author">Bengt Thuree
+ </para>
+ <para role="author">Dave Herman
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.0.0</revnumber>
+ <date>July 2006</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Jon Lapham
+ </para>
+ <para role="author">Bengt Thuree
+ </para>
+ <para role="author">Dave Herman
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v1.8.3</revnumber>
+ <date>Aug 2003</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Jon Lapham
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v1.8.2</revnumber>
+ <date>Aug 2003</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Jon Lapham
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v1.8.1</revnumber>
+ <date>May 2003</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Chris Lyttle
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v1.8.0</revnumber>
+ <date>Jan 2003</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Chris Lyttle
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; User Guide v1.6.5</revnumber>
+ <date>June 2002</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Chris Lyttle
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>&appname; User Guide v1.6.0</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2001</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Carol Champagne
+ </para>
+ <para role="publisher">&appname; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <releaseinfo>
+ This Guide contains a tutorial for using &appname; and describes the concepts
+ behind &appname;.
+ </releaseinfo>
+ <legalnotice>
+ <title>Feedback</title>
+ <para>To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding the program or
+ this documentation, follow the instructions at the
+ <ulink url="&url-bug-wiki;">Bugzilla page of the GnuCash wiki</ulink>
+ and use the
+ <ulink url="&url-bug-start;">&appname; Bug Tracking System</ulink>. At first
+ you want to <ulink url="&url-bug-browse;">browse</ulink> or
+ <ulink url="&url-bug-search;">search</ulink> it for already existing
+ bugs. Select the product <emphasis>&appname;</emphasis> for the program or
+ <emphasis>Documentation</emphasis> for any parts of this documentation.
+ </para>
+<!-- Translators may also add here a feedback address for translations. -->
+ </legalnotice>
+
+</bookinfo>
+<preface>
+
+ <title>Об авторах</title>
+ <para>
+ Группа документации &app; ÑвлÑетÑÑ Ð¾Ñ‚ÐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ð¾Ð¹
+ группой пользователей и разработчиков &app;,
+ которые на добровольной оÑнове пишут и улучшают Ñту документацию во благо
+ более обширного ÑообщеÑтва пользователей.
+ ПользователÑм, заинтереÑованным в напиÑании документации на английÑком Ñзыке,
+ предлагаетÑÑ Ð²Ñ‹Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ñ‚ÑŒ Ñвоё желание в ÑпиÑке раÑÑылки
+ &app; <email>gnucash-devel at gnucash.org</email>
+ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¾Ñ€Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ дальнейших дейÑтвий.
+ Пользователей, заинтереÑованных в переводе оригинальной документации
+ на руÑÑкий Ñзык, проÑим выразить Ñвои Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑ‡Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ðº переводу
+ в ÑпиÑке раÑÑылки <email>gnucash-user at gnucash.org</email> или напрÑмую
+ ÑвÑзатьÑÑ Ñ Ð³Ñ€ÑƒÐ¿Ð¿Ð¾Ð¹ перевода.
+ </para>
+
+ <!-- List of contributors (english) -->
+ <para>УчаÑтники группы документации &app; (на английÑком Ñзыке):
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Yawar</firstname> <surname>Amin</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>J. Alex</firstname> <surname>Aycinena</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Tom</firstname> <surname>Bullock</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Carol</firstname> <surname>Champagne</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Frank</firstname> <surname>Ellenberger</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Mike</firstname> <surname>Evans</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Chris</firstname> <surname>Good</surname>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Dave</firstname> <surname>Herman</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Geert</firstname> <surname>Janssens</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Jon</firstname> <surname>Lapham</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Chris</firstname> <surname>Lyttle</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Cristian</firstname> <surname>Marchi</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>John</firstname> <surname>Ralls</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Robert</firstname> <surname>Ratliff</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Christian</firstname> <surname>Stimming</surname>
+ </author>,
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Bengt</firstname> <surname>Thuree</surname>
+ </author> и
+ <author>
+ <firstname>David</firstname> <surname>T.</surname>
+ </author>
+
+ <!--
+ This is appropriate place for other contributors: translators,
+ maintainers, etc. Commented out by default.
+ <author role="translator">
+ <firstname>Latin</firstname>
+ <surname>Translator 1</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Latin Translation Team</orgname>
+ <address> <email>translator at gnome.org</email> </address>
+ </affiliation>
+ <contrib>Latin translation</contrib>
+ <email>email at address.com</email>
+ </author>
+ -->
+ </para>
+
+ <!-- List of translators (russian) -->
+ <para>
+ УчаÑтники группы перевода Ñтой документации на руÑÑкий Ñзык:
+
+ <author role="translator">
+ <firstname>Anton</firstname>
+ <surname>Tarasov</surname>
+ <contrib>Russian translation</contrib>
+ </author> и
+ <author role="translator">
+ <firstname>Dmitriy</firstname>
+ <surname>Mangul</surname>
+ <contrib>Russian translation</contrib>
+ </author>.
+
+ </para>
+
+</preface>
+
+<part>
+ <title>Введение</title>
+ <xi:include href="ch_oview.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_basics.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_accts.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_txns.xml" />
+</part>
+<part>
+ <title>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… финанÑов</title>
+ <xi:include href="ch_cbook.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_expenses.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_cc.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_loans.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_invest.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_reports.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_capgain.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_currency.xml" />
+</part>
+<part>
+ <title>ÐžÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ñ„Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñов</title>
+ <xi:include href="ch_bus_features.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_budgets.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_oth_assets.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_dep.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_python_bindings.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="ch_import_business_data.xml" />
+</part>
+<part>
+ <title>ПриложениÑ</title>
+ <xi:include href="gnc-glossary.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="appendixa.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="appendixb.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="appendixc.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="appendixd.xml" />
+ <xi:include href="fdl-appendix.xml" />
+</part>
+
+</book>
diff --git a/guide/ru/legal.xml b/guide/ru/legal.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eb8c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/ru/legal.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE legalnotice SYSTEM "gnc-docbookx.dtd">
+
+ <legalnotice id="legalnotice">
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
+ License (GFDL), Version 1.1 or any later version published
+ by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections,
+ no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. You can find
+ a copy of the GFDL at this <ulink type="help"
+ url="ghelp:fdl">link</ulink> or in the file COPYING-DOCS
+ distributed with this manual.
+ </para>
+ <para> This manual is part of a collection of GNOME manuals
+ distributed under the GFDL. If you want to distribute this
+ manual separately from the collection, you can do so by
+ adding a copy of the license to the manual, as described in
+ section 6 of the license.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Many of the names used by companies to distinguish their
+ products and services are claimed as trademarks. Where those
+ names appear in any GNOME documentation, and the members of
+ the GNOME Documentation Project are made aware of those
+ trademarks, then the names are in capital letters or initial
+ capital letters.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ DOCUMENT AND MODIFIED VERSIONS OF THE DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED
+ UNDER THE TERMS OF THE GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE
+ WITH THE FURTHER UNDERSTANDING THAT:
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN <quote>AS IS</quote> BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES
+ THAT THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE
+ DOCUMENT IS FREE OF DEFECTS MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR
+ A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGING. THE ENTIRE
+ RISK AS TO THE QUALITY, ACCURACY, AND PERFORMANCE
+ OF THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION OF THE
+ DOCUMENT IS WITH YOU. SHOULD ANY DOCUMENT OR
+ MODIFIED VERSION PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT,
+ YOU (NOT THE INITIAL WRITER, AUTHOR OR ANY
+ CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY
+ SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER
+ OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS
+ LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED
+ VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER
+ EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER; AND
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL
+ THEORY, WHETHER IN TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),
+ CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE AUTHOR,
+ INITIAL WRITER, ANY CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY
+ DISTRIBUTOR OF THE DOCUMENT OR MODIFIED VERSION
+ OF THE DOCUMENT, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH
+ PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY
+ DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
+ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER
+ INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS
+ OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
+ MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER DAMAGES OR
+ LOSSES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO USE OF THE
+ DOCUMENT AND MODIFIED VERSIONS OF THE DOCUMENT,
+ EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF
+ THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </legalnotice>
+
commit 5f0c0dc693471f3f876ae153db6494b19e0b06c1
Author: Frank H. Ellenberger <frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com>
Date: Mon Jan 11 12:13:43 2021 +0100
Specify ISO currencies in overview (en, de)
diff --git a/guide/C/ch_oview.xml b/guide/C/ch_oview.xml
index 7c7c62a..767aa3c 100644
--- a/guide/C/ch_oview.xml
+++ b/guide/C/ch_oview.xml
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
<listitem>
<para><emphasis>Multiple Currencies and Currency Trading</emphasis>:
- Multiple currencies are supported and can be bought and sold
+ All in <ulink url="&url-wp-en;ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink> defined currencies are supported and can be bought and sold
(traded). Currency movements between accounts remain fully balanced
if "Trading Accounts" is enabled.</para>
</listitem>
diff --git a/guide/de/ch_oview.xml b/guide/de/ch_oview.xml
index a786f3c..b731681 100644
--- a/guide/de/ch_oview.xml
+++ b/guide/de/ch_oview.xml
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
<listitem>
<para><emphasis>Unterstützung für mehrere Währungen und Währungshandel</emphasis>:
- &app; unterstützt die Verwendung mehrerer Währungen und den Handel mit ihnen.
+ &app; unterstützt die Verwendung der in <ulink url="&url-wp-de;ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink> definierten Währungen und den Handel mit ihnen.
Bei Aktivierung der Devisenhandelskonten bleibt Ihre Bilanz auch bei Wechselkursänderungen ausgeglichen. </para>
</listitem>
Summary of changes:
configure.ac | 6 +-
guide/C/ch_basics.xml | 4 +-
guide/C/ch_oview.xml | 2 +-
guide/CMakeLists.txt | 1 +
guide/Makefile.am | 2 +-
guide/de/CMakeLists.txt | 1 +
guide/de/Makefile.am | 1 +
guide/de/ch_oview.xml | 2 +-
guide/de/ch_reports.xml | 1207 ++++++++++++++++
guide/de/gnucash-guide.xml | 6 +-
guide/{ja => ru}/CMakeLists.txt | 14 +-
guide/ru/Makefile.am | 45 +
guide/{de => ru}/appendixa.xml | 12 +-
guide/{C => ru}/appendixb.xml | 0
guide/{de => ru}/appendixc.xml | 7 +-
guide/{de => ru}/appendixd.xml | 5 +-
guide/ru/ch_accts.xml | 741 ++++++++++
guide/ru/ch_basics.xml | 1449 ++++++++++++++++++++
guide/{C => ru}/ch_budgets.xml | 0
guide/{C => ru}/ch_bus_features.xml | 0
guide/{C => ru}/ch_capgain.xml | 8 +-
guide/{C => ru}/ch_cbook.xml | 2 +-
guide/{C => ru}/ch_cc.xml | 2 +-
guide/ru/ch_currency.xml | 826 +++++++++++
guide/{C => ru}/ch_dep.xml | 0
guide/{C => ru}/ch_expenses.xml | 2 +-
guide/{de => ru}/ch_import_business_data.xml | 4 +-
guide/{C => ru}/ch_invest.xml | 8 +-
guide/{C => ru}/ch_loans.xml | 6 +-
guide/{C => ru}/ch_oth_assets.xml | 0
guide/ru/ch_oview.xml | 491 +++++++
guide/{C => ru}/ch_python_bindings.xml | 0
guide/{C => ru}/ch_reports.xml | 489 +------
guide/{C => ru}/ch_txns.xml | 287 ++--
guide/{C => ru}/fdl-appendix.xml | 0
guide/{C => ru}/fdl.txt | 0
guide/ru/figures/accts_CreateAssetsAccount.png | Bin 0 -> 52814 bytes
guide/ru/figures/accts_DefaultExpenseAccounts.png | Bin 0 -> 122585 bytes
guide/ru/figures/accts_DefaultIncomeAccounts.png | Bin 0 -> 67381 bytes
guide/ru/figures/accts_toplevel.png | Bin 0 -> 48279 bytes
guide/ru/figures/accts_tree.png | Bin 0 -> 100316 bytes
guide/ru/figures/basics_AccountRelationships.png | Bin 0 -> 14975 bytes
guide/ru/figures/basics_AccountRelationships.svg | 279 ++++
guide/ru/figures/basics_Accounts.png | Bin 0 -> 53647 bytes
.../{C => ru}/figures/basics_AccountsSampleQIF.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/basics_CheckAccount.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ap_billedit.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_custfind.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_custnew.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_invoicechange1.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_invoicechange2.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_invoicechange3.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_invoiceedit.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_ar_invoicenew.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_tax_main.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_terms_main.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/bus_terms_new.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/capgain_app3main.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/capgain_appmain.png | Bin
guide/{C => ru}/figures/cbook_CashFlow.png | Bin
.../figures/cbook_TransactionRptAssets.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/cbook_atm.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/cc_TransactionRptVisa.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/cc_interest.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/dep_assetmain.png | Bin
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guide/{C => ru}/figures/dep_example.png | Bin
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guide/ru/fop.xconf.in | 54 +
guide/{C => ru}/gnc-glossary.xml | 0
.../gnucash-guide-ru.omf} | 20 +-
guide/{C => ru}/gnucash-guide.xml | 292 ++--
guide/{C => ru}/legal.xml | 0
util/ci/afterfailure | 5 +-
227 files changed, 5414 insertions(+), 866 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 guide/de/ch_reports.xml
copy guide/{ja => ru}/CMakeLists.txt (81%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/Makefile.am
copy guide/{de => ru}/appendixa.xml (97%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/appendixb.xml (100%)
copy guide/{de => ru}/appendixc.xml (97%)
copy guide/{de => ru}/appendixd.xml (99%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/ch_accts.xml
create mode 100644 guide/ru/ch_basics.xml
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_budgets.xml (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_bus_features.xml (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_capgain.xml (99%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_cbook.xml (99%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_cc.xml (99%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/ch_currency.xml
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_dep.xml (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_expenses.xml (99%)
copy guide/{de => ru}/ch_import_business_data.xml (99%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_invest.xml (99%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_loans.xml (99%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_oth_assets.xml (100%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/ch_oview.xml
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_python_bindings.xml (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_reports.xml (60%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/ch_txns.xml (88%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/fdl-appendix.xml (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/fdl.txt (100%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/figures/accts_CreateAssetsAccount.png
create mode 100644 guide/ru/figures/accts_DefaultExpenseAccounts.png
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create mode 100644 guide/ru/figures/basics_AccountRelationships.png
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create mode 100644 guide/ru/figures/basics_Accounts.png
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/dep_assetmain.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/dep_assetreg.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/dep_example.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLots2_RegAfterScrub1Lot.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/investLotsSplitReg.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_AccountsPredef.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_SetupPortfolio2.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_SetupPortfolio3.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_dividendcash.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/invest_stockvalue_report.png (100%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/figures/invest_stockvalue_report_options.png
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/loans_PrivateLoanCalculation.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/loans_PrivateLoanFirstPayment.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/loans_PrivateLoanInitial.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/loans_PrivateLoanSecondPayment.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/loans_PrivateLoanSecondPaymentAccounts.png (100%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/figures/loans_fcalc.png
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/loans_mortgage1.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/oview_intro.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_CashFlow.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_TransactionRptChecking.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_TransactionRptExpenses.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_puttoget_Charts.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_puttoget_Charts2.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_reconcile_window1.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_reconcile_window3.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_register_2account.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_register_multiaccount.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_editor-2.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-frequency.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-overview.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_editor-3-template.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_ledger1.png (100%)
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copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_ledger3.png (100%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/figures/txns_sxn_ledger4.png (100%)
create mode 100644 guide/ru/fop.xconf.in
copy guide/{C => ru}/gnc-glossary.xml (100%)
copy guide/{pt/gnucash-guide-pt.omf => ru/gnucash-guide-ru.omf} (77%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/gnucash-guide.xml (62%)
copy guide/{C => ru}/legal.xml (100%)
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