Difference between revisions of "Stack Trace"
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=== Better with Debugging Symbols === | === Better with Debugging Symbols === | ||
− | A stack trace can be obtained in several different levels of verbosity. By default, most distributions will enable only a very coarse stack trace where not much information is shown about each function. The stack trace gets much more useful if '''debugging symbols''' are available. Please try to enable them, if possible. If you | + | A stack trace can be obtained in several different levels of verbosity. By default, most distributions will enable only a very coarse stack trace where not much information is shown about each function. The stack trace gets much more useful if '''debugging symbols''' are available. Please try to enable them, if possible. |
− | + | Recent (as in the last 5 years) versions of most Linux distros provide a package called debuginfo; many install it by default. With it installed gdb will fetch the debug symbols for all of the libraries participating in the stack. If you're using an older distro and can't or don't want to upgrade, please find the debug package at least for GnuCash: | |
+ | * search with your package manager for the corresponding '''-dbg''' or '''-debug''' package and install it. | ||
** If other packages like AqBanking are used, try to find and install their corresponding -dbg packages, too. If your problem is solved, you can uninstall them again. | ** If other packages like AqBanking are used, try to find and install their corresponding -dbg packages, too. If your problem is solved, you can uninstall them again. | ||
* When built locally from the sources, add '''-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug''' to your ''cmake'' options and redo the make process. | * When built locally from the sources, add '''-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug''' to your ''cmake'' options and redo the make process. | ||
Line 50: | Line 51: | ||
=== About Debuggers === | === About Debuggers === | ||
− | In order to get a stack trace on Linux or Windows one must have either the [{{URL:Gnu}}software/gdb/ '''GNU Debugger''' gdb] or the [ | + | In order to get a stack trace on Linux or Windows one must have either the [{{URL:Gnu}}software/gdb/ '''GNU Debugger''' gdb] or the [{{URL:llvm}} '''LLVM Debugger''' lldb] installed. |
*Linux users should use their package manager to install one or the other if necessary. | *Linux users should use their package manager to install one or the other if necessary. | ||
*Window users can download them at | *Window users can download them at | ||
** gdb: see [[#Windows]]; | ** gdb: see [[#Windows]]; | ||
− | ** lldb: | + | ** lldb: {{URL:llvm|releases.}}download.html. |
Gdb is a bit simpler to use, so the instructions below are for gdb. | Gdb is a bit simpler to use, so the instructions below are for gdb. | ||
Line 61: | Line 62: | ||
Additionally, if you're using packages supplied through a linux distribution (you did not compile GnuCash yourself) you probably also need to install a [[#Debug_symbol_information |debug symbol package (see below)]]. | Additionally, if you're using packages supplied through a linux distribution (you did not compile GnuCash yourself) you probably also need to install a [[#Debug_symbol_information |debug symbol package (see below)]]. | ||
+ | Many distros have adopted <code>systemd-coredump</code>, a feature that captures coredumps whenever there's a system crash. If it's enabled on your system (it is by default on Fedora 28 and later) you can run gdb on it and get a stack trace with <syntaxhighlight lang="sh"> | ||
+ | coredumpctl gdb | ||
+ | bt full | ||
+ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | Otherwise, read on: | ||
Once you have installed a debugger (and symbols as needed), there are two ways to put GnuCash under the debugger's control. Starting GnuCash under the debugger is a bit more straightforward, but the debugger slows down the program quite a bit. So it might work better for you to start GnuCash as usual, get to the point where some action provokes the crash, then attach the debugger to the running GnuCash. | Once you have installed a debugger (and symbols as needed), there are two ways to put GnuCash under the debugger's control. Starting GnuCash under the debugger is a bit more straightforward, but the debugger slows down the program quite a bit. So it might work better for you to start GnuCash as usual, get to the point where some action provokes the crash, then attach the debugger to the running GnuCash. | ||
Line 86: | Line 92: | ||
(gdb) run --nofile | (gdb) run --nofile | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Many recent linux distros support [https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/about-debuginfod|debuginfod] to obtain debug information for all of the libraries and the application being debugged. If gdb prompts you | ||
+ | <syntaxhighlight lang="console"> | ||
+ | Enable debuginfod for this session? (y or [n]) | ||
+ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
+ | please answer with y. The resulting stack trace is more useful enough to justify the time needed to retrieve the symbols. | ||
==== Attach gdb to running process ==== | ==== Attach gdb to running process ==== | ||
Line 103: | Line 115: | ||
Please copy and paste the error and stack trace from the terminal into a bug report; see [[Bugzilla]] for details about creating a new one if you haven't already. | Please copy and paste the error and stack trace from the terminal into a bug report; see [[Bugzilla]] for details about creating a new one if you haven't already. | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can read more about getting stack traces in Linux from [{{URL:Gnome|handbook}}issues/stack-traces.html Gnome Project Handbook: Stack Traces]. | ||
=== Windows === | === Windows === | ||
Line 125: | Line 139: | ||
=== See also === | === See also === | ||
Other explanations on how to obtain stack traces: | Other explanations on how to obtain stack traces: | ||
− | * | + | * [{{URL:Gnome|handbook}}issues/stack-traces.html Gnome Project Handbook: Stack Traces] |
− | * http://www.dirac.org/linux/gdb/06-Debugging_A_Running_Process.php | + | * [http://www.dirac.org/linux/gdb/06-Debugging_A_Running_Process.php Peter's gdb Tutorial: Debugging A Running Process ] |
* (in German) https://www.linuxwiki.de/gdb | * (in German) https://www.linuxwiki.de/gdb | ||
− | == | + | == Linux debug symbol information == |
Gnucash needs to be compiled in a way that has the debug symbols still included in the resulting binary libraries. | Gnucash needs to be compiled in a way that has the debug symbols still included in the resulting binary libraries. | ||
− | + | ;Self Compiling: This is achieved using the CMake option <tt>-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug"</tt>. See [[CMake]] and [[Gnucash Build Options]]. | |
− | + | ;Distributions: | |
− | + | :;Binary Distributions: Recent ones offer [https://sourceware.org/elfutils/Debuginfod.html Debuginfod] that enables gdb to download all of the symbols it needs automatically. See your distro's documentation for how to make sure that it's installed. Otherwise they usually offer debug symbols in a separate package appending <tt>-dbg</tt> or <tt>-debug</tt>. See e.g. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingProgramCrash and https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Backtrace. | |
− | + | :;Gentoo: When emerging gnucash on gentoo, you need to make sure that | |
− | + | ::# the "debug" USE flag is enabled | |
− | When emerging gnucash on gentoo, you need to make sure that | + | ::# ''and'' "<tt>FEATURES=nostrip</tt>" is set to disable symbol stripping. |
− | # the "debug" USE flag is enabled | + | ;Flatpak: It offers the symbols in a separate .Debug package via <tt>flatpak install org.gnucash.GnuCash.Debug</tt>. See [[Flatpak]]. |
− | # ''and'' "<tt>FEATURES=nostrip</tt>" is set to disable symbol stripping. | ||
− | |||
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{|cellpadding="10" | {|cellpadding="10" |
Latest revision as of 17:51, 27 November 2024
Languages | עִברִית |
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Contents
What is a Stack Trace?
A stack trace lists the chain of function calls leading to a point in a program's execution. Here's an example from Mac OS X; other operating systems will display the information a bit differently:Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Application Specific Information:
abort() called
Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x9769169a __pthread_kill + 10
1 libsystem_pthread.dylib 0x9836bf19 pthread_kill + 101
2 libsystem_c.dylib 0x9bde5eee abort + 156
3 libglib-2.0.0.dylib 0x02b5dd8a g_assertion_message + 346
4 libglib-2.0.0.dylib 0x02b5e470 g_assertion_message_expr + 96
5 libgncmod-gnome-utils.dylib 0x0029ec4a gnc_main_window_init + 2650
6 libgobject-2.0.0.dylib 0x02ae7496 g_type_create_instance + 470
7 libgobject-2.0.0.dylib 0x02ad51a2 g_object_new_internal + 562
8 libgobject-2.0.0.dylib 0x02ad5a90 g_object_newv + 480
9 libgobject-2.0.0.dylib 0x02ad5b7d g_object_new + 61
10 libgncmod-gnome-utils.dylib 0x002a03d7 gnc_main_window_new + 39
11 libgncmod-gnome-utils.dylib 0x0029a6f5 gnc_gui_init + 581
12 Gnucash-bin 0x00011387 main + 1143
13 Gnucash-bin 0x00010ed6 start + 54
This shows why GnuCash crashed (an assertion failed in the main window init function); without a stack trace crashes can be very difficult to diagnose. Developers will usually also ask for the Tracefile, which will often provide additional useful information. In the case above we'd find the actual assertion message that would explain the abort.
Better with Debugging Symbols
A stack trace can be obtained in several different levels of verbosity. By default, most distributions will enable only a very coarse stack trace where not much information is shown about each function. The stack trace gets much more useful if debugging symbols are available. Please try to enable them, if possible. Recent (as in the last 5 years) versions of most Linux distros provide a package called debuginfo; many install it by default. With it installed gdb will fetch the debug symbols for all of the libraries participating in the stack. If you're using an older distro and can't or don't want to upgrade, please find the debug package at least for GnuCash:
- search with your package manager for the corresponding -dbg or -debug package and install it.
- If other packages like AqBanking are used, try to find and install their corresponding -dbg packages, too. If your problem is solved, you can uninstall them again.
- When built locally from the sources, add -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug to your cmake options and redo the make process.
Optional Preparation of Scheme Code
- ToDo
- perhaps somewhere else is a better place for this sction.
If reports are affected, see The Guile Reference Manual: Programmatic Error Handling
How to obtain a Stack Trace
macOS
Every time an application crashes in macOS, the system writes a crash report with a stack trace to
- $HOME/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports or
- $HOME/Library/Logs/CrashReporter, or
- both, depending on what version of macOS you're running.
The crash reports are easily viewed with Applications:Utilities:Console, and if you're reporting a crash in Bugzilla or to the user's list you should attach one to your report.
About Debuggers
In order to get a stack trace on Linux or Windows one must have either the GNU Debugger gdb or the LLVM Debugger lldb installed.
- Linux users should use their package manager to install one or the other if necessary.
- Window users can download them at
- gdb: see #Windows;
- lldb: https://releases.llvm.org/download.html.
Gdb is a bit simpler to use, so the instructions below are for gdb.
Linux
Additionally, if you're using packages supplied through a linux distribution (you did not compile GnuCash yourself) you probably also need to install a debug symbol package (see below).
Many distros have adoptedsystemd-coredump
, a feature that captures coredumps whenever there's a system crash. If it's enabled on your system (it is by default on Fedora 28 and later) you can run gdb on it and get a stack trace with coredumpctl gdb
bt full
Otherwise, read on: Once you have installed a debugger (and symbols as needed), there are two ways to put GnuCash under the debugger's control. Starting GnuCash under the debugger is a bit more straightforward, but the debugger slows down the program quite a bit. So it might work better for you to start GnuCash as usual, get to the point where some action provokes the crash, then attach the debugger to the running GnuCash.
Starting GnuCash under gdb
- run gdb gnucash
- at the gdb prompt, type: "run". If you need to pass command line arguments, add them here, e.g. "run --nofile"
- Example
$ gdb gnucash GNU gdb (GDB; openSUSE Tumbleweed) 8.3.1 Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "x86_64-suse-linux". Type "show configuration" for configuration details. For bug reporting instructions, please see: <http://bugs.opensuse.org/>. Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>. For help, type "help". Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"... Reading symbols from gnucash... (gdb) run --nofile
Many recent linux distros support [1] to obtain debug information for all of the libraries and the application being debugged. If gdb prompts you
Enable debuginfod for this session? (y or [n])
please answer with y. The resulting stack trace is more useful enough to justify the time needed to retrieve the symbols.
Attach gdb to running process
- Start gnucash normally.
- In a terminal window run ps afx (some people prefer ps aux) to find out the process number (PID) of the running gnucash process; it might be called "gnucash" or "gnucash-bin". Say the PID is 12345.
- Run gdb gnucash
- Attach to the running process by typing attach 12345; gdb will temporarily stop the program
- Continue program execution by typing c at the "(gdb)" prompt
Obtain the stack trace
- Provoke the crash. When GnuCash crashes gdb will print the reason for the crash and present the "(gdb)" prompt again.
- Type bt (bt full might provide additional info about local variables).
- Gdb will print the backtrace.
Exit Gdb
ctrl-d or quit will end the gdb session.
Please copy and paste the error and stack trace from the terminal into a bug report; see Bugzilla for details about creating a new one if you haven't already.
You can read more about getting stack traces in Linux from Gnome Project Handbook: Stack Traces.
Windows
On Windows gdb has to be installed before you can generate a stack trace. While we provide some details below on how to do all of that we recognize this may be too challenging for the average user. If you have been asked to provide a stack trace, but you are using GnuCash on Windows only and find these instructions too daunting, please respond along the lines of
- "I'm sorry, but I encountered this problem only on Windows and I am not familiar enough with gdb on Windows to obtain stack traces there"
That's a fair answer even though in many cases your bugreport can only be worked on if you or someone else can actually produce such a stack trace.
- Download the MSYS2 build of gdb
- Extract the archive to your user directory.
- Open a Powershell window and type:
win32-gdb\gdb.exe "C:\Program Files\gnucash\bin\gnucash.exe"
- Be careful to use the actual paths in which you have installed gdb and gnucash respectively.
- #Obtain the stack trace with the instructions above.
You can provide even better stack traces if you tell gdb where in memory dynamically loaded modules got mapped to, because otherwise function calls into those are only written as '??'. See here and here for a way to do this.
To enter [
and ]
, use set editing off.
See also Windows Debugging.
See also
Other explanations on how to obtain stack traces:
- Gnome Project Handbook: Stack Traces
- Peter's gdb Tutorial: Debugging A Running Process
- (in German) https://www.linuxwiki.de/gdb
Linux debug symbol information
Gnucash needs to be compiled in a way that has the debug symbols still included in the resulting binary libraries.
- Self Compiling
- This is achieved using the CMake option -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Debug". See CMake and Gnucash Build Options.
- Distributions
-
- Binary Distributions
- Recent ones offer Debuginfod that enables gdb to download all of the symbols it needs automatically. See your distro's documentation for how to make sure that it's installed. Otherwise they usually offer debug symbols in a separate package appending -dbg or -debug. See e.g. https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingProgramCrash and https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Backtrace.
- Gentoo
- When emerging gnucash on gentoo, you need to make sure that
- the "debug" USE flag is enabled
- and "FEATURES=nostrip" is set to disable symbol stripping.
- Flatpak
- It offers the symbols in a separate .Debug package via flatpak install org.gnucash.GnuCash.Debug. See Flatpak.
Tracefile | Logging | Bugzilla#Using Bugzilla | FAQ#Q: How do I run GnuCash under gdb and get a stack trace? |