מבוא

עם אתחול והפעלת גנוקאש, התכנה תקרא למספק קבצים שמותקנים או מאוכסנים במספר מחיצות במחשב. קרוב לוודאי שתמצאו לא מעט התיחסויות לקבצים ולמיקומים שלהם בקריאת תוכן ויקי זה. מטרת עמוד זה לספק סקירה כללית, על כל אחד מהקבצים והיכן ניתן למצוא אותם במערכות ההפעלה השונות. מידע אודות יעודם ותפקידם, ניתן למצוא בעמודים אחרים. גנוקאש מאחסן מידע במספר סוגי־אב, אודות התקנת המערכת, במספר מיקומים במערכת הקבצים שבמחשב:

• קובץ נתונים פיננסיים עצמו
• הגדרות תצורה השולטות על הנראות והפעולה של עותק הגנוקאש שהותקן, לרבות
• הגדרות דוח מותאמות אישית. ובנוסף,
• קבצי יומן (לוגים), תדפיסי בנק שהורדו ועוד נתונים דינאמיים.

עמוד זה מתמקד בקבצים ובמיקום הגדרות תצורה בכל אחת מערכות ההפעלה השונות שבהן גנוקאש תומך אלו נגזרים מ־Directory Standards.

קובצי הנתונים הפיננסיים, אינם ממוקמים במיקום מוגדר מראש. הם ימוקמו בכל מקום בו תבחרו למקם אותם במערכת.

מוסכמות

רכיבי נתיב נכתבים באותיות רישיות, הכוונה כאן אינה מילולית אלא משמשים מעין סוג של משתנה, אותו יש להמיר בשמות רכיבי הנתיב ה'אמיתיים' כפי שהם נקראים בכל מחשב ומחשב..

משתני סביבה

באלו ניתן להשתמש משורת הפקודה:

POSIX (לינוקס, מק OS)

$VARNAME

וינדוס

 %VARNAME%

Build variables

exist only while the program gets build, but have default values. Usually their first occurrence in a section links to the section, which explains where to find it on which OS.

משמעות חלקי השם

DOT

a hidden configurattion directory, used up to Gnucash 2

GNC

GnuCash specific

GTK

The former Gimp ToolKit is used by Gnucash since 3 and before.

XDG

The former X Desktop Group is today known as Freedesktop.org. The Directory Standards page has some background information on the origin of the XDG_ environment variables.

Operating Systems

Unless described more specifically, the following general operating systems definitions will be used:

Linux

including many similar operating systems that adhere to the Free Desktop specification like various BSD' flavors,

Windows

for all supported Windows versions

macOS

for the version of GnuCash that is built with Quartz integration, and can be downloaded from the GnuCash website.

There is also a MacPorts version of GnuCash. Except for the macOS proper home directory it behaves identical to Linux and variants. So it will only be listed in the HOME directory definition.

Note

GnuCash installed from Flatpak, snap or similar package systems may not locate meta data and user preference data as described here. Flatpak keeps them in its GnuCash sandbox $HOME/.var/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash.

Diagrams of Configuration Locations

The diagrams at the following links illustrate diagrammatically the directory structure for the GnuCash configuration locations which are described in more detail in the following text.

Linux

Windows

macOS

Directories

Let's start with defining a few common directory locations that will be referred to regularly.

System-wide

System-wide configuration files can be made by the programmers or packagers. They can only be changed by the system administrator and will affect all users.

The system-wide setting valid for GnuCash and its helpers are stored below:

Linux

/etc

ToDo

Flatpak?

macOS

Gnucash.app/Contents/Resources/etc

Caution

On recent macOSes changes made here will invalidate the signature.

Windows

C:\Program Files (x86)\gnucash\etc

Personal

Files here can be changed by the respective user and will only affect him.

HOME

The user's home directory on your computer. While this may be obvious, it is mentioned here because it's the base directory for several others below. The usual locations per OS are:

Linux

/home/<username> - for example /home/johndoe

Note that this directory is also often referred to as $HOME or ~/

Windows 7 and more recent

c:\Users\<username> - for example c:\Users\johndoe

Windows Vista and older

c:\Documents and settings\<username> - for example c:\Documents and settings\johndoe

macOS, MacPorts

/Users/<username> - for example /Users/johndoe

In the following directories, this base directory will be referred to as HOME.

USER_DATA_HOME

This directory can be used by applications to store data that can't be stored in the user's data file for some reason. For example gnucash will store saved reports here, or some metadata such as which register tabs were open for your books last time you closed them. The default locations:

Linux

pristine

$HOME/.local/share

Flatpak

$HOME/.var/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash/data

Windows

On this platform there are actually two directories for this kind of data:

HOME\AppData\Local, often referred to as %LOCALAPPDATA%

HOME\AppData\Roaming, often referred to as %APPDATA%

The reason for having two is not important in the scope of this page.

macOS

On this platform there are actually two directories for this kind of data:

native

current

HOME/Library/Application Support

OS X 10.6 and older

HOME/Library/Applications Defaults

by ported software

HOME/.local/share

The former is native to macOS (and will be used by GnuCash), the latter is often used by software that's ported from linux (like GTK3). The difference will get clearer further down.

It's important to understand this directory is shared by all applications you run on your system. So aside from GnuCash, applications like Firefox, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice and so on will also write here. To avoid clutter, most applications have the courtesy to create their own subdirectory here and only write in that subdirectory. This leads seamlessly to the next couple of important directories:

GNC_DATA_HOME

Versions: 3.x and more recent

This is the subdirectory in USER_DATA_HOME that GnuCash uses exclusively for its user specific data. The default locations:

Linux

pristine

USER_DATA_HOME/gnucash

Flatpak

$HOME/.var/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash/data/gnucash

Windows

%APPDATA%\GnuCash

macOS

HOME/Library/Application Support/GnuCash

Note that on Windows the base directory is APPDATA and on macOS this is HOME/Library/Application Support. The base directories will be different for the next relevant directory:

GTK_DATA_HOME

Versions: 3.x and more recent only

GnuCash uses GTK for its graphical user interface; thus, locations that are used by GTK are also relevant. Note the base directories on Windows and macOS for this differ from the base directories for GNC_DATA_HOME.

Linux

USER_DATA_HOME/gtk-3.0

Windows

%LOCALAPPDATA%\gtk-3.0

macOS

HOME/.local/share/gtk-3.0

USER_CONFIG_HOME

This directory is used for configuration files for applications. The difference between "configuration files" and "application data that can't be stored with the main data file" is subtle. On Windows, for example, there is no difference between the two and USER_DATA_HOME will be used. On Linux, GnuCash will roughly make a distinction on whether the file is intended to be rarely created/modified by the user (USER_CONFIG_HOME) or often by GnuCash itself (USER_DATA_HOME). GTK3 seems to maintain a similar strategy. On macOS, it's a bit more complicated; GnuCash will use USER_DATA_HOME for all its own configuration files, but another directory for all of its support libraries.

Default locations:

Linux

pristine

$HOME/.config

Flatpak

$HOME/.var/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash/config

Windows

There are two directories for this kind of data:

HOME\AppData\Local, often referred to as %LOCALAPPDATA%

HOME\AppData\Roaming, often referred to as %APPDATA%

The reason for having two is not important in the scope of this page.

macOS

There are two directories for this kind of data:

HOME/Library/Application Support

HOME/.config

The former is native to macOS (and will be used by GnuCash), the latter is the default for XDG_CONFIG_HOME and Gtk uses that variable.

Like USER_DATA_HOME USER_CONFIG_HOME is common for all applications. Each application will typically expect an application specific subdirectory here.

GNC_CONFIG_HOME

Versions: 3.x and more recent only

This is the subdirectory in USER_CONFIG_HOME GnuCash uses exclusively for its user specific configuration data. The default locations:

Linux

pristine

USER_CONFIG_HOME/gnucash

Flatpak

$HOME/.var/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash/config/gnucash

Windows

%APPDATA%\GnuCash

macOS

HOME/Library/Application Support/GnuCash

Note that on Windows, the base directory is APPDATA and on macOS, this is HOME/Library/Application Support. The base directories will be different for the next relevant directory:

GTK_CONFIG_HOME

GnuCash uses GTK for its graphical user interface; thus, locations that are used by GTK are also relevant. The folders differ by GnuCash version.

• For GnuCash 2.6.x and older, GTK uses the HOME directory for resource files.

• For GnuCash 3.0 and later. Note the base directories on Windows and macOS for this differ from the base directories for GNC_DATA_HOME.

Linux

USER_CONFIG_HOME/gtk-3.0

Windows

%LOCALAPPDATA%\gtk-3.0

macOS

HOME/Library/Application Support/GnuCash/config/gtk-3.0

DOT_GNUCASH_DIR

Versions: 2.6.x and older only

GnuCash 2.6 and older don't distinguish between GNC_DATA_HOME and GNC_CONFIG_HOME. Instead, these versions of GnuCash store both metadata and configuration files in a single directory. The default locations are:

Linux

$HOME/.gnucash

Windows

HOME\.gnucash

macOS

HOME/Library/Application Support/Gnucash

For GnuCash 3.0 and up, these files have been moved to different locations to integrate better with each supported platform's recommended locations. When moving from GnuCash 2.6 to 3.x or above, GnuCash will automatically try to migrate all data from DOT_GNUCASH_DIR to their respective new locations. After mitgration, GnuCash 3.0 or above should never use DOT_GNUCASH_DIR again.

Files

With the most common base directories defined, we can now create a reference list of relevant data and configuration files in each of these directories.

In GNC_DATA_HOME

As noted, GnuCash manages these files for you. So usually there's no need to manipulate these by hand. If you do need to make changes be sure to do so while GnuCash is not running.

accelerator-map

A file in which custom accelerator key bindings are stored.

books/<name>.gcm

GnuCash tracks all metadata related to a book in this file. There will usually be one such file for each book you have ever created/opened. This metadata includes things like window positions, sort orders, which columns to show, CSV import presets,... See Metadata_File for more details.

checks

A directory to hold custom check formats.

Note for developers: this should probably live in GNC_CONFIG_HOME as this is mostly user configurable data.

expressions-2.0

A file to contain custom expressions managed by the GnuCash expression parser.

Note for developers: This file needs more documentation.

qif-accounts-map

Used by the qif importer to keep track of mappings between qif account references and gnucash accounts. This file is formatted in the guile scripting language.

saved-reports-x.y

This file keeps track of all saved report configurations you have created in gnucash. There may be more than one such file with different numbers in x.y. Normally the highest number is the active file while those with lower numbers are kept as a backup (they were the main file for older versions of gnucash). As qif-accounts-map this file is formatted in the guile scripting language.

stylesheets-2.0

This file keeps track of all personalized style sheets for reports. This file is formatted in the guile scripting language as well.

In GTK_CONFIG_HOME

This directory serves to personalize the system wide GTK settings. Under Linux the system wide settings are in /etc/gtk<version>.

For GnuCash version 3.0 and later

settings.ini

a configuration file in which several aspects of GTK3 can be configured. Examples are the theme, the default font and size, scrollbar behaviour, ...

The full list of configurable parameters can be found on the GTK Settings page

gtk.css

a CSS file for styling GTK widgets. Any css changes in this file will override overlapping style information in the current theme so this can be used to tweak the theme in more detail.

gtk-3.0.css

a second css file that will take precedence over the information in gtk.css.

More information on how these file are used can be found at the GTK3 page. That page has several examples as well.

For GnuCash version 2.6 and earlier

Linux and macOS

.gtkrc-2.0.gnucash (note the initial ".")

Windows

.gtkrc-2.0 and .gtkrc-2.0.gnucash (again, note the initial ".")

Windows users should note that it's best not to make manual changes to .gtkrc-2.0, since it will get overwritten when you use the "Select Theme" tool. Instead you should put your customizations in .gtkrc-2.0.gnucash, since changes made in this file will only be read by GnuCash and will not be overwritten when you use the "Select Theme" tool.

Additionally, there is actually a third, system-wide, resource file: c:\Program Files (x86)\gnucash\etc\gtk-2.0\gtkrc. Changes made to this file will be seen by all users of your computer. When you enable the option "Apply to all users" in the "Select Theme" tool it will alter this file. Keep in mind that changes in this file may be overwritten when you update GnuCash to a newer version.

There is some more information on GTK2.

In GNC_CONFIG_HOME

config-user.scm

this file is the entry point to extend GnuCash by means of the guile scripting language. It's most often used to load additional reports but is not restricted to only that.

gtk-3.0.css

like GTK_CONFIG_HOME's gtk.css this file can be used to manipulate styling for GTK widgets. Any css changes in this file will override overlapping style info in gtk.css (and hence the current theme as well).

The difference between GTK_CONFIG_HOME's gtk.css and GNC_CONFIG_HOME's gtk-3.0.css is subtle:

gtk-3.0.css will only affect GnuCash while

gtk.css may also affect all other GTK-based applications on your system (for example gimp).

log.conf

via this file you can manipulate how much information GnuCash will write to a log file. By default this is pretty mild. To help developers in debugging problems the verbosity can be increased.

In DOT_GNUCASH_DIR

All files and directories found in GNC_CONFIG_HOME and GNC_DATA_HOME, with one exception: config-user.scm is called config.user in 2.6 and before.

In HOME

Versions: 2.6.x and older

.gtkrc-2.0

this file can be edited to tweak gtk2's default behaviour and appearance. On Linux and macOS this is a hidden file

.gtkrc-2.0-gnucash

like .gtkrc-2.0, but will affect GnuCash only while .gtkrc-2.0 will affect other gtk2 based applications on your system

How to override default locations

The Directories section shows default locations used on different operating systems. Sometimes these locations are not convenient. There are several ways to alter them (or your system already alters them for you using one of the below methods).

Environment variable DOT_GNUCASH_DIR

Platforms: All Versions: 2.6.x and older

When a directory is specified via this environment variable GnuCash will unconditionally use that directory as DOT_GNUCASH_DIR, provided this directory exists and is writable or can be created writable. This override will take the highest precedence and works on all operating systems.

Environment variable GNC_DATA_HOME

Platforms: All Versions: 3.x and more recent

When a directory is specified via this environment variable GnuCash will unconditionally use that directory as GNC_DATA_HOME, provided this directory exists and is writable or can be created writable. This override will take the highest precedence and works on all operating systems.

Environment variable GNC_CONFIG_HOME

Platforms: All Versions: 3.4 and more recent

When a directory is specified via this environment variable GnuCash will unconditionally use that directory as GNC_CONFIG_HOME, provided this directory exists and is writable or can be created writable. This override will take the highest precedence and works on all operating systems.

Environment variable XDG_DATA_HOME

Platforms: Linux, macOS

This environment variable can be used to directly set USER_DATA_HOME. As such it will affect the base directory for GNC_DATA_HOME and GTK_DATA_HOME. On macOS this will only affect GTK_DATA_HOME.

Environment variable XDG_CONFIG_HOME

Platforms: Linux, macOS

This environment variable can be used to directly set USER_CONFIG_HOME. As such it will affect the base directory for GNC_CONFIG_HOME and GTK_CONFIG_HOME. On macOS this will only affect GTK_CONFIG_HOME.

There is a caveat here though: on macOS GnuCash will set XDG_CONFIG_HOME itself via <bundle>/Resources/etc/gnucash/environment. The only way to override XDG_CONFIG_HOME on this platform is via File environment.local and this should be repeated each time a GnuCash update is installed.

Environment variables LOCALAPPDATA and APPDATA

Platforms: Windows

LOCALAPPDATA and APPDATA are Windows environment variables.

echo %APPDATA%

Note %APPDATA% is a hidden directory. However if you type %APPDATA% directly in the location bar of your Windows Explorer (File Explorer for Windows 10) you will see its contents directly. Similarly you can also directly access %LOCALAPPDATA%.

By setting these environment variables, USER_DATA_HOME (and by extension USER_CONFIG_HOME) can be set directly on Windows. Hence depending on which of these two is altered this directly affects GNC_DATA_HOME/GNC_CONFIG_HOME (in case of APPDATA) or GTK_DATA_HOME/GTK_CONFIG_HOME (in case of LOCALAPPDATA).

Note you probably don't want to change these environment variables system wide as that would affect all applications on your system.

File environment.local

Platforms: All Versions: 3.x and more recent

All of the above environment variables can also be set for GnuCash only by creating a file named environment.local next to the file named environment in the gnucash installation. The typical location for this environment file is platform dependent:

Linux

/etc/gnucash/environment or more generally <installprefix>/etc/gnucash/environment

Windows

C:\Program Files (x86)\gnucash\etc\gnucash\environment

macOS

<GnuCash.app>/Resources/etc/GnuCash/environment

The format of the environment.local file is explained at the top of the environment file.

Note

while on macOS this works there is an issue when updating GnuCash. Each time you update your GnuCash package environment.local will be removed. So you may want to keep a copy of the file outside of the application bundle that you can put back after each update.