He/שימוש

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כללי

גנוקאש היא תכנה מורכבת בעלת תכונות ואפשרויות רבות. לכן, על מנת שניתן יהיה להפיק ממנה את המרבי ולעבוד איתה בצורה שוטפת ויעילה, נדרשת השקעה קטנה בלמידה והתנסות.

על מנת לאפשר התחלת עבודה מהירה, גנוקאש מסופקת יחד עם מדריך טוב [[[:Template:WebURL]]/docs/v5/C/gnucash-guide/ Concept Guide], שיסייע להכיר מספר מושגי יסוד בחשבונאות ויסיע להבין כיצד גנוקאש מיישמת את העקרונות הללו.

מקור מידע חשוב ויעיל נוסף הוא [[[:Template:WebURL]]/docs/v5/C/gnucash-help/help.html GnuCash Manual], המהווה מראה מקום והסברים אודות אפשרויות התפריטים וחלונות הדו־שיח בגנוקאש. שני המסמכים הללו מכסים רק חלק קטן ממה שגנוקאש יכולה באמת לעשות. זה די צפוי, כיוון שמספר מקרי השימוש הם לפחות כמספר המשתמשים במערכת. כמובן שזה כמעט בלתי אפשרי להכיל את כל מקרי השימוש הללו במסמך נהיל אחד. במקום זאת, עמוד זה ואלה המקושרים אליו יציעו דרכים להתמודד עם בעיות מסויימות. הדוגמאות והפתרונות המובאים כאן, משקפים ומייצגים פתרונות אותם מצאו ואמצו משתמשי גנוקאש אחרים, לתרחישים מציאותים בהם הם נתקלו בעולם האמיתי.

אם גם אתם מכירים פתרונות לבעיה מסוימת בה נתקלתם בעת השימוש בגנוקאש, אתם מוזמנם להוסיף את הפתרון היצירתי שלכם, בלוויית הסבר קצר, לעמוד זה.

לחלופין, אתם יכולים לשלוח את הפתרון שלכם אל GnuCash user mailing list (הערה: נדרש רישום מקדים ל־subscribed לפני שתוכלו לפרסם ברשימה זו). השתמשו בתיאור הנושא במשהו כמו "עצת גנוקאש" או משהו דומה, כך שניתן יהיה לזהות זאת בקלות.

עצה כללית

• GnuCash Quick Start Guide For Business Users. זהו מדריך להתחלה מהירה, המתמקד באופן מסוים בצרכיהם של המשתמשים העסקיים.
• List to external international documentation והרשימה הרישמית של [[[:Template:WebURL]]/docs.phtml זמין תעוד מקוון]

להלן מקטע עצות מועילות לאופן השימוש בפונקציונליות של גנוקאש.

• Keyboard Shortcuts
• Using Scheduled Transactions
• Online Banking: Setting up OFXDirectConnect in GnuCash 2 ו־ AqBanking (FinTS/HBCI)
• Trading Accounts
• Void Transactions
• Category:Cookbooks & Examples
• ניתן לכתוב דוגמאות גם בכמה שפות או אזור מסוים.

עצות יומן תנועות

העברת תנועות מרובות

אין דרך ישירה בגנוקאש להעברת מספר גדול של תנועות מחשבון אחד למשנהו.

אם הצורך הוא להעביר תת קבוצה קטנה של תנועות חשבון, הדרך הטובה ביותר היא לבצע זאת באופן ידני, כלומר, לערוך כל תנועה באופן ידני ולשנות לחשבון הרצוי. ניתן להאיץ זאת במקצת על ידי שינוי תצוגת הרישום למצב יומן תנועות, שיציג את כל השורות המפוצלות בבת אחת. יתכן גם שהעתקת חשבון היעד והדבקתו בשורה הפיצוי עשויה לעזור.

אבל אם נדרש להעביר את כל (או רוב) התנועות בחשבון , אפשר לגרום לגנוקאש לייעד מחדש את כל התנועות בבת אחת, הדרך לבצע זאת היא על ידי מחיקת החשבון המדובר. במידה וקיימות תנועות בחשבון, גנוקאש ישאל האם למחוק לחלוטין את התנועות, או להעביר אותן לחשבון אחר. כעת יש לבחור בחשבון אליו מעונינים להעביר את התנועות, והן יועברו. (למחיקת החשבון הישן, יש לפתוח את חלון החשבונות, לבחור בחשבון אותו רוצים למחוק ופשוט להקיש על לחצןTemplate:Keypress 'מחיקה').

יבוא תנועות מתכנה אחרת

Easy way to import a large amount of transactions from another your program (import from bank isn't covered by this tip)

If you use another program that may produce accounting data, tell your programmer to use QIF format to easy import into GnuCash. QIF format is simple and other programs can easy produce it. GnuCash's QIF importer is also easy to use and comes with self explaining wizard incorporated.

You can find QIF format description on Wikipedia or ask uncle Google.

--Provided by Pietro B.

עצות דיווח

As of GnuCash 2.6.15, the Tutorial & Concepts Guide contains a [[[:Template:WebURL]]/docs/v5/C/gnucash-guide/ch_reports.html Reports chapter]. Please refer to the Guide for details about the reports included with GnuCash.

A single report that shows summary amounts for multiple months for multiple accounts

To create a single report that shows summary amounts for multiple months for multiple accounts (for example, monthly totals for expense accounts over the course of a year), you can use the Transaction Report

1. Choose your Accounts as the Accounts source in the Accounts tab, e.g. highlight "Expenses" and click "Select children"
2. Set sortkeys in the Sorting tab: Primary key is Account Name, Primary subtotal is enabled. Secondary key is Date, secondary subtotal for date key is Monthly
3. Enable Subtotal table in the Display tab

Quicken-like "Overview" of your accounts

Quicken provides an "overview" of your accounts -- a list of today's balances for checking, savings, credit cards, major assets and liabilities.

For something similar in GnuCash, run the Balance Sheet report, then go to Options to pick the accounts that you want to see in the overview. Then just leave that tab open, and every time you start GnuCash you'll have the overview. Click "reload" if you put in transactions and want to see how things have changed.

--Provided by Anthony Dardis

Alternatively just keep the "Accounts" tab open. It shows the current balances of all the accounts too, without having to run a report. However, I don't use the business functions, or scheduled transactions, so that might perhaps make a difference.

--Provided by Mike Leone

הצגת פירוט פיצולי חשבון בדוח תנועות

לצורך המחשה, נשתמש בפקודת יומן לרישום תנועה פשוטה כגון זו:

				חובה	זכות
<תאריך-תנועה>	<מס-סימוכין>	"המחאות שנתקבלו"
		"מוטבים_מרובים"	<חשבון_הכנסות>		₪157.60
			<חשבון עו"ש>	₪157.60

בדוח התנועות של חשבון ה"עוש בנק יופיעו הפרטים (כמעט כמו כפי שהם מופיעים לעיל).

לשם בהירותה הרישום בחשבונות, ייתכן שתוזן תנועות שמכילה פיצולים מרובים שירשמו לאותו חשבון. לדוגמה, וייתכן שהתנועה תוזן כך:

				חובה	זכות
<תאריך-תנועה>	<מס-סימוכין>	"המחאות שנתקבלו"
		<שם מוטב ראשון>	<חשבון_הכנסות>		₪100.00
		<שם מוטב שני>	<חשבון_הכנסות>		₪57.60
			<חשבון עו"ש>	₪157.60

When this transaction is printed on the bank account's Transaction Report, then under "other account" it simply prints "split" instead of the account name.

To display the additional split detail, you need to set Display -> Detail Level = Multi-Line and then you need to turn on Display -> Account Name. Display -> Other Account Name is automatically disabled.

You can choose whether or not to turn off the full account name using Display -> Use Full Account Name?

--Provided by Derek Atkins (in response to Colin Scott)

דוח הכנסות/הוצאות חודשי

You can export a GnuCash transaction report to HTML and then open the HTML file in Excel. You then have a ready-made data source from which you can create a pivot table with the transaction data grouped both by account and by period, with very few steps involved.

Two enhancements to the data to try are:
 (1) grouping the dates by month; and 
 (2) parsing multilevel account names into columns labeled "Account1", 
 "Account2", etc. using the ":" delimiter. 

This gives you a report that is very close to the monthly/quarterly/yearly income/expense report that MS Money and Quicken provide.

--Provided by Martin Cunningham on gnucash-users

Reporting in single file resp. in landscape format

Currently, this isn't supported. Via HTML export, however, both options are possible, with the help of htmldoc. Sample call for landscape in european A4 format, which also puts alle single html files into one compound pdf:

htmldoc -t pdf14 --webpage --no-links --linkstyle plain --size 297x210mm --headfootsize 9 --header fff -f report.pdf *.html

Exporting a report to OpenOffice Calc

Sometimes a report needs to be laid out slightly differently than is possible in GnuCash. One way to do this is to export the report to OpenOffice Calc. GnuCash can't export directly into that format, but it can export to html. OpenOffice Calc can import such a html file. Here's what to do:

1. Create your report in GnuCash
2. With the report open in front of you, select File -> Export -> Export Report to save the report somewhere in html. Note: there is also a tool bar button that does exactly the same thing.
3. Open OpenOffice Calc
4. Select Insert -> Link to external data
5. In the popup window, use the "..." button to find your exported report and below, choose "html all", then click ok.

This should load report in a Calc sheet. From here you can make tweaks as you like.

ניירות ערך וסחורות

• Add stock or mutual fund to portfolio
• Get current Online Quotes
• Add historic prices to the price database
• Importing fund or stock prices from an OFX file

גנוקאש בחופשה עם חברים

ניתן להשתמש בגנוקאש גם כאשר אתם מבלים בחופשה עם חברים.

זה מה שתצטרכו:

- מחשב עם התקנת גנוקאש
- קובץ נתוני גנוקאש 'טרי'
- שני אנשים בחופשה שמעוניינים לחלוק הוצאות.

הגדרות:

1. תרשים חשבונות:
- Group Account "Cash", with one account named Me, and one named MyFriend
- Group Account "Expenses", with accounts like Lunch, Dinner, AfterEight, Hostels, TravelCosts etc.
- Group Account "Equity", with one account named Me, and one named MyFriend

2. הפקדה התחלתית:

Before taking off, both you and your friend empty your wallets, and count the money inside. No need to create a third wallet. Gnucash will take care of that. Now say your friend has 15.50 in her wallet. The booking in GnuCash is : Cash:YourFriend +15.50 Equity:YourFriend -15.50 See how easy that is?

3. After the holidays are over:

Again count the money inside both of your wallets, then create the exact opposite booking for the remainder in cash. So let us say you paid for everything and your friend paid nothing, then the booking after the holidays would be: Cash:YourFriend -15.50 Equity:YourFriend +15.50

So now you see that Equity is really what you put into the holidays. In your friend's case: -15.50 + 15.50 = 0 IMPORTANT: the Equity:Me and Equity:MyFriend show how much you put into the holiday each. Calculation to make 50-50: subtract the lower amount from the higher amount, then divide this subtracted amount by two. The result is what the owner of the lower amount should pay the owner of the higher amount. Example: You spent 150 dollars, your friend spend nada. Now 150-0=150 . 150 : 2 = 75. So your friend needs to pay you 75 dollars.

4. While on holidays, adding cash money:

From whatever funding you add to your wallet (Cash:Me) it is a deposit so you can book the same as with (2. Initial deposit)

5. While on holidays, spending money:

Now here is the interesting part. What was the money spent on? Whatever the answer, one thing is clear: Expenses:XXX go up, and some other account goes down.

5a. Option#1: While on holidays, your friend spends money to buy two beers, one for you, one for her (beer costs 2.20 each): This is where Expenses:XXX is debited (plus amount) and the Cash:YYY or Equity:ZZZ is credited (minus amount).

- With cash payment, it is Cash:YourFriend -4.40   Expenses:AfterEight +4.40
- However, if she paid with creditcard, it is Equity:YourFriend -4.40  Expenses:AfterEight +4.40

5b. Option#2: While on holidays, you spend money from your own cash on private affairs (private affairs cost 9.70). This is where Equity:Me is debited and Cash:Me is credited (less cash)

- With cash payment, it is Cash:Me -9.70  Equity:Me  +9.70
- If you used your own creditcard, it is Equity:Me -9.70  Equity:Me +9.70

This last line looks a little stupid for the laymen bookkeeping, so best use your own creditcard and not tell GnuCash about private affairs.

Enjoy ! Best regards, Ron

Getting started with GnuCash' business features

A prerequisite for using the Business features of GnuCash is that you have some business related accounts setup (Accounts Receivable/Accounts Payable). The easiest way to do this is to create a new file and add Business Accounts in addition to the Common Accounts.

To get to your invoice you could take these steps:

1. If you want GnuCash to deal with taxes properly you should first set up the proper tax tables for your country
   • Select Business-Tax Table Editor
   • Create a new tax table and set the proper tax amounts (for example, here in Belgium we have 21% VAT, so I have a tax table with one entry for 21%)
2. Customer
   • Select Business->Customer->New Customer
   • Enter the required fields
   • Optionally select a tax table
   • Hit ok
3. For your project, you can create a job
   • Select Business->Customer->New Job
   • Enter the information you need
   • Note: in 2.2.x you have to use the "Select" button to enter a customer, the text field is read-only
   • Hit ok
4. Now you can create your invoice
   • Select Business->Customer->New Invoice
   • Select a customer and job and set the other fields to your likings
   • Hit OK
   • The invoice entry window should appear now as a new tab in the main window
   • Enter all the lines you wish to appear on your invoice in this window. The entry method is similar to the normal GnuCash register. Enter here for example your work, the items you sell to the customer and additional charges such as freight and insurance.
   • Note that GnuCash will calculate the taxes and totals automatically. You find them at the bottom of the window.
5. When you are satisfied with the invoice entries, you have to post the invoice:
   • Select Edit->Post Invoice
   • Choose a post date and hit OK

That should be it. You can now print your invoice:

• You can use either
  1. Reports->Business->Easy Invoice
  2. Reports->Business->Fancy Invoice
  3. Reports->Business->Printable Invoice

  I'm not exactly sure what the difference is. Just take the one you like best

• Choose one of the three reports above
• It will open with an empty window. Click on the options button (second button from the right in the toolbar) to configure your report.
• The most important information is the invoice number (use the Select button)
• Other than that, you can play a little with the layout of your invoice, by changing the other options.
• When finished, hit ok and the invoice will display onscreen. You can choose to print it from there.

-- Provided by Geert Janssens

Using third party software for data exploration and visualization

You can use third party software like Excel, Tableau and Qlik Sense to explore and visualize GnuCash data through an ODBC connection as long as you save your data in sqlite format.

Here are instructions for Qlik Sense in Windows 10 (I chose Qlik Sense because it is a free download).

I wanted to visualize GnuCash transaction data without having to write templates and compile stuff, so I turned to QlikSense as they have a free personal edition (although similar steps would work for Tableau and other software that accepts ODBC connections). The trick is fairly simple:

1. Download sqlite3 drivers (for windows: install the 64bit version from http://www.ch-werner.de/sqliteodbc/)
2. Export your GnuCash data as a sqlite file
3. Configure the ODBC providers in your operating system to point to the Gnucash export
   1. Open Control Panel >> Administrative Tools >> Data sources (ODBC)
   2. Click on System DSN, then on Add
   3. Select Sqlite3 ODBC Driver, then click Create
   4. Provide a name for the connection (GnuCash)
   5. Under Database Name, click on Browse and select the file you exported from GnuCash
   6. Click Ok, then Ok again to close the previous dialog
4. Open QlikSense, create a new app, load data via ODBC, select System DNS and the source you created earlier
5. In the Data Editor, open or create a section and write some SQL. This is the trickiest part. See an example below.
6. The results of the queries are automatically joined through columns of the same name; go into your app overview and start editing a sheet. The charts and tables you add will be tied together automatically!

שאילתות SQL ךדוגמה:

LIB CONNECT TO [GnuCash];

//* [expense_accounts]: SQL SELECT accounts.name AS parent_account,

   p_acc.name AS account,
   p_acc.hidden AS account_is_hidden,
   p_acc.placeholder AS account_is_placeholder

FROM accounts INNER JOIN accounts AS p_acc ON p_acc.parent_guid = accounts.guid WHERE accounts.account_type = 'EXPENSE' AND accounts.hidden = 0

   AND p_acc.hidden = 0;

//*/

User G2010a has a repository with some more GnuCash-related queries.