gnucash-docs maint: Multiple changes pushed
John Ralls
jralls at code.gnucash.org
Sat Dec 10 14:30:46 EST 2016
Updated via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/96aa264c (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/47b2253b (commit)
via https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/81341e8a (commit)
from https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash-docs/commit/64e1f68c (commit)
commit 96aa264c1a495df2d9476f7db57f0c3e3625f534
Author: John Ralls <jralls at ceridwen.us>
Date: Sat Dec 10 11:30:20 2016 -0800
Update author list, version, and modification date for recently-revised ch_currency and ch_reports.
diff --git a/guide/C/ch_currency.xml b/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
index ef8245f..b9831f5 100644
--- a/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
+++ b/guide/C/ch_currency.xml
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
<!--
(Do not remove this comment block.)
- Version: 2.4.0
- Last modified: March 16th 2010
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: December 6, 2016
Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
Updated Geert Janssens <janssens-geert at telenet.be>
+ Revised David T. <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
Translators:
(translators put your name and email here)
diff --git a/guide/C/ch_reports.xml b/guide/C/ch_reports.xml
index 61ef817..7d4e3e4 100644
--- a/guide/C/ch_reports.xml
+++ b/guide/C/ch_reports.xml
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
<!--
(Do not remove this comment block.)
- Version: 2.0.0
- Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: October 31, 2016
Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
diff --git a/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml
index 4b50b9d..1b6af5d 100644
--- a/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -165,19 +165,16 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>alex.aycinena at gmail.com</email>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Bullock</surname>
- <email>tbullock at nd.edu</email>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Carol</firstname>
<surname>Champagne</surname>
- <email>carol at io.com</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -186,13 +183,22 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>frank.h.ellenberger at gmail.com</email>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Mike</firstname>
<surname>Evans</surname>
- <email>mikee at saxicola.idps.co.uk</email>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ </author>
+
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Chris</firstname>
+ <surname>Good</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
</author>
<author>
@@ -201,7 +207,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>dvherman at bigfoot.com</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -218,7 +223,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>lapham at extracta.com.br</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -227,7 +231,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>chris at wilddev.net</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -236,7 +239,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>cri79 at libero.it</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -245,7 +247,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>jralls at ceridwen.us</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -254,7 +255,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>ratliff.bobby at gmail.com</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -263,7 +263,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>stimming at tuhh.de</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -272,7 +271,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>bengt at thuree.com</email>
</author>
<author>
@@ -281,7 +279,6 @@
<affiliation>
<orgname>&app; Documentation Team</orgname>
</affiliation>
- <email>sunfish62 at yahoo.com</email>
</author>
<!-- This is appropriate place for other contributors: translators,
@@ -302,6 +299,14 @@
<revhistory>
<revision>
+ <revnumber>&app; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.15</revnumber>
+ <date>18 December 2016</date>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para role="author">Multiple authors</para>
+ <para role="publisher">&app; Documentation Team</para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
<revnumber>&app; Tutorial and Concepts Guide v2.6.11</revnumber>
<date>11 January 2016</date>
<revdescription>
commit 47b2253b1747901f6eacb154aa3eabfcf94e3a8e
Merge: 64e1f68 81341e8
Author: John Ralls <jralls at ceridwen.us>
Date: Sat Dec 10 10:53:48 2016 -0800
Re-merge David T.'s GnuCash Glossary.
To correct conflict resolution errors in previous merge.
diff --cc guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
index 9e631bd,414240d..ffeffa8
--- a/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
@@@ -7600,283 -7600,1464 +7600,1848 @@@ Entrat
cell and 100*.29 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> cell. <application>GnuCash</application> will calculate for you the
corresponding numer of <guilabel>Shares</guilabel></para>
- <screenshot id="invest-dividendreinvest1">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject role="html">
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"/>
- </imageobject>
- <imageobject role="fo">
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <para>To open the <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window, open the
++ security account register, then select
++ <menuchoice>
++ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
++ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
++ </menuchoice>.
++ </para>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per il reinvestimento dei dividendi</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots in Account window
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="tool-lotsInAcct">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <caption><para>An image of the NST Stock Account register after a dividend
- reinvestment. </para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window</phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- </sect2>
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
++ </emphasis> window.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-retofcap">
+ <title>Return of Capital</title>
+
+ <para>This refers to a transaction where an investment returns capital to
+ the investor and doesn't have any accounting implications other than
+ reducing the cost basis. The number of shares held is not changed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>A Return of Capital transaction can be entered in the stock register
+ by entering the stock split with
+ </para>
+
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Quote</entry><entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Prezzo</entry><entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry>Vendi</entry><entry>Return of Capital value</entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+
- <para>The other side of the double entry would usually be a debit to the
- brokerage bank account.
- </para>
-
- <screenshot id="invest-ret-of-cap">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject role="html">
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
- </imageobject>
- <imageobject role="fo">
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Example of return of capital transactions</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellProcedure">
++ <title>Procedure Summary</title>
+
- <caption><para>An image of the Stock Account register after a return
- of capital.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <para>Using the lot management facility for the automatic calculation of
++ capital gain or loss typically follows these steps:
++ </para>
+
- <note><para>It is not possible to use the Stock Split Assistant to do this
- type of transaction.</para>
- </note>
++ <orderedlist>
++ <!-- Manual Lot Creation and Linking -->
++ <listitem><para><xref linkend="invest-sellManual"/> (Optional
++ depending on cost method)</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <tip><para>If you accidentally entered a non-zero price in the stock split,
- <application>GnuCash</application> may have created an unwanted price database
- entry which could cause reports to be wrong. Check for and remove such an
- unwanted entry from the price database using <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools
- </guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
- </tip>
++ <listitem>
++ <!-- Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions -->
++ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAuto"/></para>
++ </listitem>
+
- </sect1>
++ <listitem>
++ <!-- Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account -->
++ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/></para>
++ </listitem>
+
-<!-- Stock Splits - Simple
++ <listitem>
++ <!-- Run a Trial Balance -->
++ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellTrialBal"/> report to ensure total
++ debits balance to total credits</para>
++ </listitem>
+
--->
++ </orderedlist>
+
- <sect1 id="invest-splitsnmergers1">
- <title>Frazionamenti e fusioni</title>
++ </sect3>
+
- <para>Le società possono frazionare le loro azioni per diverse ragioni la più comune delle quali è quando l’amministrazione della società ritiene che il prezzo abbia superato il valore ragionevole per gli investitori. Alcuni di questi frazionamenti sono semplici scambi (es: 2 per 1 o 3 per 2) mentre altri sono meccanismi di scambio più complessi con distribuzione di liquidi. I frazionamenti possono anche portare a una diminuzione del numero di azioni se lo scambio è un frazionamento inverso (es: 1 per 3 o 0,75 per 1).</para>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellManual">
++ <title>Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
+
- <sect2 id="invest-simplesplit">
- <title>Frazionamento azionario semplice</title>
++ <para>Before using this feature, ensure you have read
++ <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations"/>.
++ </para>
+
- <para>Per fare un esempio, si supponga che la propria società di investimento in azioni NST abbia dichiarato un frazionamento azionario di 2 per 1 a decorrere dal 6 Giugno 2005. Per inserire la corrispondente transazione occorre avviare l’assistente per il frazionamento azionario andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu><guimenuitem>Frazionamento azionario</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
++ <para>This functionality allows the manual linking of specfic buy and
++ sell transactions. It may be used in the case where a user wishes to
++ use a different cost method than the automatic linking method (FIFO).
++ Effectively, if one wishes the cost basis and capital gains in the
++ Advanced Portfolio Report to be consistent with the capital gains
++ transactions created by scrubbing, manual lot creation only needs to
++ be used when using LIFO or <quote>sale of designated lots</quote>
++ (the same thing for securities as far as US personal tax law is
++ concerned). This is because the scrub function can automatically do
++ FIFO linking so there is no need to do it manually and scrubbing
++ cannot be used for average costing.
++ </para>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-split1">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellManualExample"/>.
++ </para>
++ </sect3>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 1.</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellAuto">
++ <title>Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions</title>
++ <note><para>Do <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this unless you are using
++ FIFO or LIFO to cost sales. See
++ <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations"/></para>
++ </note>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine della selezione dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <para><application>GnuCash</application> can automatically calculate and
++ create security sale capital gain/loss transactions. Lots are used to
++ link buy transaction splits with sell transaction splits so the
++ correct cost of the securities sold can be determined.
++ <application>GnuCash</application> will use any existing lots, and
++ create new lots for any buy transaction splits not already linked to a
++ lot. Buy and sell transaction splits are linked to lots using FIFO
++ method.
++ </para>
+
- <para>La prima schermata è solamente di introduzione; premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton> per visualizzare la finestra di selezione del conto e dell’azione per il frazionamento. Sarà necessario creare una voce per ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto:Azioni</emphasis> che si possiede.</para>
++ <para>See:</para>
++ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample"/></para>
++ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample2"/></para>
++ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellFifoSplit"/></para>
++ </sect3>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-split2">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct">
++ <title>Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione.</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <para>
++ The capital gain/loss transaction(s) created by scrubbing uses an
++ automatically created generic <emphasis>Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis>
++ account (where CCC is the security currency) because <application>
++ GnuCash</application> doesn't know which capital gain or loss account
++ should be used. After scrubbing, the user should edit the <emphasis>
++ Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
++ income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or loss
++ account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
++ </para>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample"/>.
++ </para>
++ </sect3>
+
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellTrialBal">
++ <title>Run a Trial Balance</title>
++ <para>Running a Trial Balance report
++ (<menuchoice>
++ <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
++ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
++ <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
++ </menuchoice>) after creating capital gain/loss
++ transactions, is a basic check that capital gains/losses are
++ correctly accounting for the difference between the cost paid for
++ securities, and value received from selling them. At the end of the
++ report, total debits should equal total credits.
++ </para>
+
- <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:DRIPs:NST</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
++ <tip>
++ <para>A Trial Balance may not balance due to some other problem. To
++ determine if the cause of an imbalance is from incorrectly
++ accounting for capital gain/loss:
++ </para>
+
- <para>La finestra seguente per i dettagli del frazionamento azionario, contiene 5 campi:</para>
++ <para>If necessary, temporarily change the date of the sell
++ transaction and the capital gain/loss transaction, so they are
++ the only transactions for a particular date, then run the Trial
++ Balance as at the day before. If the Trial Balance is still out
++ by the same amount, it is not the capital gain/loss that is
++ causing the problem.
++ </para>
+
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <para>If you find a prior <emphasis>out of balance
++ </emphasis> Trial Balance, keep running the Trial Balance
++ report with different dates until you find the date it starts
++ being out of balance. Temporarily change the transaction dates
++ for each transaction on the problem date to the following
++ day, then change the dates back to the correct date 1 at a time,
++ running the Trial Balance each time, until you identify the
++ problem transaction. When you change the date of a security
++ sell transaction, you also need to change the date of the
++ corresponding capital gain transaction as it is only the
++ sum of these that will balance in the Trial Balance.
++ </para>
++ </tip>
++ </sect3>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
- <para>Nell’esempio si è ipotizzato un frazionamento 2 per 1, quindi il numero di quote addizionali è pari al numero di quelle presenti attualmente nel registro.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellConsiderations">
++ <title>Considerations</title>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <para>There are some points that should be considered before using the
++ lot management facility.
++ </para>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <orderedlist>
++ <listitem>
++ <para><application>GnuCash</application> implements only the First In/
++ First Out (FIFO) cost method when automatically linking buy
++ transactions to sell transactions. I.e. The oldest securities are
++ always sold first. The Last In First Out (LIFO) cost method may be
++ used by manually linking the most recent buy security splits to
++ the sell split before scrubbing.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>The Advanced Portfolio Report does not use lot information
++ when calculating costs, just the security transaction splits. It
++ calculates the cost basis and gains or losses using the selected
++ <emphasis>Basis calculation method</emphasis> report option
++ (Average, FIFO or LIFO). If one wishes the Advanced Portfolio
++ Report costs and gains/losses to be consistent with the capital
++ gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing, the same cost model
++ must be used in both places.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
++
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Scrubbing does not work correctly if there has been a previous
++ sale where the capital gain splits have been manually entered as
++ part of the sale transaction. Therefore ensure previous sales are
++ recorded as 2 transactions:
++ </para>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-split3">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
-
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <table>
++ <title>Transaction 2 capital gain/loss (loss in this example)
++ </title>
++ <tgroup cols="5">
++ <tbody>
++ <row>
++ <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
++ <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
++ <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
++ <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
++ <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
++ </row>
++ <row>
++ <entry>Capital Loss</entry>
++ <entry/>
++ <entry/>
++ <entry>Debit</entry>
++ <entry/>
++ </row>
++ <row>
++ <entry>Titolo</entry>
++ <entry>0</entry>
++ <entry>0</entry>
++ <entry/>
++ <entry>Credit</entry>
++ </row>
++ </tbody>
++ </tgroup>
++ </table>
++ </listitem>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</para>
- </caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>The automatic capital gains calculations can handle
++ straightforward buy, sell, and return of capital transactions but
++ any transaction that affect the number of shares, even simple
++ splits, will cause it to produce wrong answers so those cases must
++ be handled manually.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
++ </orderedlist>
++ </sect3>
+
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellManualExample">
++ <title>Example of Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
+
- <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
++ <para>Here is an example of selling part of a security holding using
++ the LIFO method. In this example, the most recent buy transaction
++ (dated 01/07/2016, a reinvested dividend), is linked to a lot, along
++ with the sell transaction, and the <application>GnuCash</application>
++ scrub function is used to calculate capital gain or loss and create
++ the capital gain/loss transaction.
++ </para>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-split4">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split4.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <orderedlist>
++ <listitem><para>Open the security account's register.</para>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Security register before
++ scrubbing a single lot
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest-lots0reg">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register before lot scrubbing
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</para>
- </caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
++ transaction journal view, before lot scrubbing.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>Una finestra finale di <guilabel>Termina</guilabel> proporrà diverse opzioni: <guibutton>Annulla</guibutton>, <guibutton>Indietro</guibutton> per annullare o modificare i dati inseriti, e <guibutton>Applica</guibutton> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
++ <listitem><para>Ensure all previous capital gain/loss transactions
++ are separate transactions to the sell transactions which record the
++ reduction in the number of shares and the value received.</para>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-simplesplit1">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_simplesplit1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ </listitem>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Esempio di una transazione relativa a un semplice frazionamento azionario, nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Select
++ <menuchoice>
++ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
++ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
++ </menuchoice> to open the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel>
++ window where SSSS is the security account.
++ </para>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:DRIPs:NST<emphasis> dopo l’inserimento di una transazione per un semplice frazionamento azionario.</emphasis></emphasis></para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
++ single lot
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest-lots1B4CreateLot">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- </sect2>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before lot scrubbing
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
-<!-- Moderately Complex Stock Merger
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
++ </emphasis> window before lot scrubbing.</para></caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
++ </listitem>
+
--->
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Create a new lot using the <guimenu>New Lot</guimenu> button.
++ Initially this lot is not linked to any buy or sell split.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <sect2 id="invest-merger1">
- <title>Fusione azionaria moderatamente complessa</title>
++ <listitem><para>Highlight the new lot in the <guilabel>Lots in This
++ Account</guilabel> panel.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>Come esempio, si assuma di aver posseduto delle azioni AT&T durante la fusione avvenuta il 18 Novembre 2005 della SBC con AT&T. In questo esempio si ipotizzerà di aver acquistato le azioni AT&T il 1° Aprile 2005, che i divendi siano stati pagati in liquidi e quindi che non siano stati inseriti nel registro delle azioni AT&T.</para>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Highlight the buy split (dated 01/07/2016) of the
++ security to be sold in the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> panel.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>Le condizioni della fusione sancivano che 0,77942 azioni di SBC fossero scambiate per ogni azione AT&T. La società derivante dalla fusione continuò a utilizzare il simbolo <quote>T</quote> da AT&T.</para>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the buy
++ split with the highlighted lot. The split moves from the <guilabel>
++ Splits free</guilabel> panel to the <guilabel>Splits in Lot
++ </guilabel> panel.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>AT&T fornì dei <quote>dividendi</quote> di €1,20/azione alla data della transazione, comunque questa operazione non apparirà nel conto delle azioni dato che si trattò di una distribuzione in liquidi.</para>
++ <listitem><para>Repeat the previous 2 steps for any other buy splits
++ that should be included in the lot (in this example, there is only
++ 1 buy split in the sale).</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>Il processo di inserimento di questa transazione è identico al frazionamento semplice fino alla schermata dei <quote>Dettagli</quote>. Sarà necessario creare una voce di frazionamento in ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto investimenti:Azioni</emphasis> che ha delle azioni frazionate.</para>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Highlight the sell split in the <guilabel>Splits free
++ </guilabel> panel.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-merge2">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the sell
++ split with the highlighted lot.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2.</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Check the lot <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> is as expected.
++ I.e. in this example the lot balance should be zero as the number
++ of securities sold in the lot, is matched with the same number of
++ security buys.
++ </para>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione (<emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis>).</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
++ single lot, after manual linking
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest-lots2B4Scrub1Lot">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before scrubbing a
++ single lot
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Conto brokeraggio:Azioni:T</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
++ </emphasis> window before scrubbing a single lot.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>La finestra seguente per i dettagli del frazionamento azionario, contiene 5 campi:</para>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button (<emphasis>NOT
++ </emphasis> the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button).
++ </para>
+
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento. Per questo esempio si inserirà 18 Novembre 2005.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <para>The <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window has not
++ changed after using the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button
++ so no example screen image is supplied.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
- <para>Nell’esempio in oggetto si tratta di un frazionamenti di 0,77942 per 1 e quindi il numero di azioni diminuisce rispetto a quello attualmente presente nel registro. È possibile avvalersi della capacità di <application>&app;</application> di eseguire i calcoli nelle celle inserendo direttamente i dati (Es: <quote>(0,77942*100)-100</quote>) per calcolare la diminuzione delle azioni derivante dal frazionamento.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <listitem><para>Continue to
++ <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/></para>
++ </listitem>
++ </orderedlist>
++ </sect3>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample">
++ <title>Example 1 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
++ Transactions</title>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <para>Create the capital gains transaction by following these steps:
++ </para>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <orderedlist>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Open the security account's register.</para>
++ </listitem>
++
++ <listitem><para>Ensure the sell transaction has been entered with no
++ splits for capital gains or losses.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-merge3">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <listitem><para>If using LIFO, use the above procedure
++ <xref linkend="invest-sellManual"/> to create a lot for each sell
++ transaction, link the lot with the sell transaction and each of
++ the buy transactions that make up the sale.</para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3.</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button which:
++ </para>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <itemizedlist>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Creates lots for any buy transactions that are not already
++ linked to a lot and links them to sell transactions splits
++ using the FIFO method. As a transaction split can only
++ be linked to 1 lot, if a sell transaction needs to be linked
++ to multiple lots, the sell transaction split is itself split
++ into multiple subsplits. In the case of multiple subsplits,
++ it is possible to have different splits from the same
++ transaction in both the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> and
++ <guilabel>Splits in lot</guilabel> panels.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
++ <listitem><para>Creates a separate transaction per lot for
++ capital gain/loss.</para>
+
- <para>Una schermata finale di <quote>Termine</quote> fornirà infine le opzioni per tornare <guimenu>Indietro</guimenu>, allo scopo di modificare le informazioni inserite in precedenza, e di <guimenu>Applica</guimenu> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
++ <note><para>
++ If there are already gain/loss splits as part of a sell
++ transaction, <application>GnuCash</application> scrubbing does
++ not recognize them. So if manually adding gain/loss,
++ separate gain/loss transaction splits from the transaction
++ that reduces the <guilabel>No of Shares</guilabel>) by putting
++ them in a separate transaction if you may use scrubbing in
++ future.</para>
++ </note>
++ </listitem>
++ </itemizedlist>
++ </listitem>
+
- <screenshot id="invest-stockmerge1">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_stockmerge1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <listitem><para>Continue with the instructions in the next section.
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Esempio di transazione per un frazionamento azionario di moderata difficoltà , inserita nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ </orderedlist>
++ </sect3>
+
- <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del <emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis> dopo aver inserito la transazione relativa al frazionamento azionario che comporta la diminuzione delle azioni.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample2">
++ <title>Example 2 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
++ Transactions - 2 Sales at Once</title>
+
- </sect2>
++ <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot creation.
++ In this example, the transactions for 2 sales are scrubbed at once
++ but usually scrubbing would be performed after each sale. One reason
++ for scrubbing 2 sales at once, could be because there were multiple
++ sales on the same day.
++ </para>
+
- </sect1>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register before Scrub Account
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest2-lots0reg">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register before Scrub Account is used.
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
-<!-- Working Location !!!!!!!!!!!!
- <sect1 id="invest-todo1">
- <title>To-do</title>
++ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
++ transaction journal view, before Scrub Account is used.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
- <para>These are the remaining documentation sections that originally
- appeared in the 1.8.4 documentation which require being written up.</para>
++ <orderedlist>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Select <menuchoice>
++ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
++ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
++ <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
++ security account.
++ </para>
+
- <itemizedlist>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before Scrub Account
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest2-lots1B4ScrubAcct">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before Scrub Account
++ is used.
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
++ </emphasis> window before Scrub Account is used.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
++ </listitem>
+
--->
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button.</para>
+
-<!--
- <listitem>
- <para>Recording Stock Splits and Mergers (How-To)</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Reconciling with the Brokerage Statement (How-To)</para>
- </listitem>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots after Scrub Account
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest2-lots2AftScrubAcct">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <listitem>
- <para>Recording Employee Stock Plans (Discussion)</para>
- </listitem>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window after using Scrub
++ Account
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <listitem>
- <para>Stock Options (How-To)</para>
- </listitem>
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
++ </emphasis> window after using Scrub Account.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect1>
--->
-</chapter>
++ <note>
++ <para>After using the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button only
++ the last lot is shown, so the above image is after the <guilabel>
++ Lots in Account</guilabel> window has been closed and reopened so
++ all the lots show.
++ </para>
++ </note>
++ </listitem>
++
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window and
++ return to the security account register.
++ </para>
+
+ <!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+ -->
+ <chapter id="ch_reports">
+ <title>Resoconti</title>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> is a powerful double entry accounting software package that allows
+ users to enter and track their money in a reliable manner. However, putting
+ this information into <application>GnuCash</application> is only a part of the process. To be truly
+ helpful, you need to be able to extract this information in meaningful ways.
+ <application>GnuCash</application>'s reporting features allow you to just that.</para>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application>'s reporting features allow you to display nearly any group of
+ transactions in a wide variety of formats. This makes it easy to answer
+ questions about your finances, such as "How much did I spend on groceries
+ last month?" or "How much did I earn in the previous six months?"</para>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> includes a number of common report types, which can be modified to
+ meet your specific needs. If these common reports are insufficient, it is
+ possible to modify or even write your own custom reports (although this is
+ not recommended for beginners).</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_concepts">
+ <title>In generale</title>
+ <para>There are many standard reports pre-built in <application>GnuCash</application>,
+ all available from the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> pulldown menu in the main account window.</para>
+ <para>When you select a report from the list of reports, that report is first run
+ with its default settings. Once you have opened the report, you can modify its parameters by clicking on
+ the Options button on the toolbar. Under Options, you will see the different
+ settings that you can change for each report. Note that for different reports,
+ the options will be different. </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_savedconfigsinfo">
+ <title>Saved Reports Configurations Concepts</title>
+ <para>Once you have modified a report to meet your needs, you may wish to save
+ that report for reuse at a later point. <application>GnuCash</application> allows custom
+ reports to be saved, using the Save Report Configuration command.</para>
+ <para>To save a report configuration:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Go to the Reports Menu and choose the desired report.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Change the settings on the report until it includes what is needed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Go to the General tab of the report's options and change the Report Name
+ to something meaningful (Do not confuse this with the Report Title).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Apply the changes and close the dialog.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click the Save Report Configuration or Save Report Configuration As... button</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>This will store the report options in a file in your home directory.</para>
+ <para>The first time you save a report with a name that has not already been saved,
+ you can use either the Save Report Configuration or the Save Report
+ Configuration As... button. You can modify the report name before saving it.</para>
+ <para>Once a report has been saved with the current name, the Save Report Configuration button will immediately update the saved report configuration.
+ Use the Save Report Configuration As button to save the current report
+ configuration with a new name.</para>
+ <para>Saved report configurations are available for use under the
+ Reports->Saved Report Configurations entry. They will also be available for
+ use on multicolumn reports.</para>
+ <para>Saved report configurations can be deleted in the Saved Report Configurations
+ dialog by clicking the trashcan icon.</para>
+ <para>To edit saved report configurations, open the report via Reports->Saved Report
+ Configurations, edit and apply the new options, and click Save Report
+ Configuration.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_standardrpts">
+ <title>Standard Reports Overview</title>
+ <para>The standard reports that are included in <application>GnuCash</application> are presented here
+ in the order that they appear in the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> menu. In each section, a short
+ description for each report is given, which explains what the report is
+ intended to show, and its primary purpose.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
+ <title>Assets & Liabilities Group</title>
+ <para>Reports in this group provide general information about assets and liabilities.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_advport">
+ <title>Advanced Portfolio</title>
+ <para>The Advanced Portfolio produces a report on commodity accounts
+ (stock and mutual fund type accounts) using price information stored in the
+ <application>GnuCash</application> price database and within the
+ <application>GnuCash</application> transaction data. If you do not have stock
+ price information in your file, the report will indicate an error. This report
+ includes extended information about commodity holdings, including information
+ about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
+
+ <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
+ <title>Advanced Portfolio Capital Gains</title>
+ <para>
+ The Advanced Portfolio report doesn’t use the capital gain splits to
+ calculate capital gains. It calculates the gains from the various buy and
+ sell transactions in the account without regard to whether the gains and
+ losses are recorded or not. Any realized gain splits are ignored.
+ Realized gain splits are recognized as two splits, one in the stock’s
+ account with a zero number of shares and a non-zero value, the other in an
+ income or expense account with a value that is the negative of the split
+ in the stock account. These two splits can be in a separate transaction
+ (as created by scrubbing) or in the same transaction as the sale (this
+ will cause incorrect future scrubbing). The income or expense split can
+ be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
+ short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
+ <title>Asset Barchart</title>
+ <para>The Asset Barchart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+ barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+ have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+ the current financial period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+ the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+ the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+ form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
+ <title>Asset Piechart</title>
+ <para>The Asset Piechart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+ piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+ have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+ value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+ slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
+ <title>Average Balance</title>
+ <para>The Average Balance report displays monthly averages for the current accounting period.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
+ <title>Balance Sheet</title>
+ <para>The Balance Sheet lists Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances
+ for all such accounts, and provides totals as of a given date. Balance sheets
+ are commonly run for the last day of each fiscal year to give an overall sense
+ of the financial condition of the entity.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
+ <title>General Journal</title>
+ <para>The General Journal produces a register of all transactions (beginning
+ to end) in order by date, showing the accounts and the amounts involved, and
+ totals the Net Change by all currencies and assets.</para>
+ <para>This report is not customizable by date or account, though you can
+ include more or fewer details about the individual transactions, and whether
+ to include running balances and totals for the credits and debits. If you
+ need a report restricted to particular accounts, consider the Transaction
+ Report or open a particular account and choose the Account Transaction Report.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
+ <title>General Ledger</title>
+ <para>The General Ledger produces information about all transactions
+ for a selected set of accounts. When first run, this report loads no data,
+ and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_investport">
+ <title>Investment Portfolio</title>
+ <para>The Investment Portfolio produces a report of commodity accounts (that
+ is, accounts with type "Stock" or "Mutual Fund"), giving holdings, price and
+ value information about commodities in the file.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
+ <title>Liability Barchart</title>
+ <para>The Liability Barchart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+ barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+ have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+ the current financial period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+ the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+ the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+ form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
+ <title>Liability Piechart</title>
+ <para>The Liability Piechart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+ piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+ have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+ value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+ slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
+ <title>Net Worth Barchart</title>
+ <para>The Net Worth Barchart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+ overall Net Worth as bars on a graph on a monthly basis for the current
+ financial period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
+ <title>Net Worth Linechart</title>
+ <para>The Net Worth Linechart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+ overall Net Worth as a line graph on a monthly basis for the current financial
+ period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
+ <title>Price Scatterplot</title>
+ <para>The Price Scatterplot displays the value of one commodity relative to
+ another commodity, for example the value of a stock relative to a currency.
+ When first run, this report loads no data, and the report options must be
+ changed to retrieve information from the file. Specifically, the "Price of
+ Commodity" setting on the Price options tab must be changed to a specific
+ commodity.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
+ <title>Budget Group</title>
+ <para> Budget reports in <application>GnuCash</application> allow you to gather
+ summary information related to budgets you may have created. In order for
+ these reports to work, you must first create a budget. The reports in this
+ group are specifically based on budget information. To use these reports, you
+ need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
+ <title>Budget Balance Sheet</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_budbarchart">
+ <title>Budget Barchart</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_budflow">
+ <title>Budget Flow</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_budincstate">
+ <title>Budget Income Statement</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_budprofloss">
+ <title>Budget Profit & Loss</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_budreport">
+ <title>Budget Report</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
+ <title>Business Group</title>
+ <para>Reports in this group provide general information about activities related
+ to a business.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_customer">
+ <title>Customer Report</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
+ <title>Customer Summary</title>
+ <para>Customer Summary is a customer profit report that can help with job analysis by
+ comparing the income and expenses for a specific customer.</para>
+ <para>All invoices have an Owner in <application>GnuCash</application>, so invoices that are
+ made will show a customer and show in the report. When creating a Bill, the Default
+ Chargeback Customer is blank. To use the profit report, this field needs an entry,
+ since this is the tag that decides the line to which
+ to attach the expense. Left blank, the bill will be assigned to "No Customer."
+ Similarly, when income is entered directly in a register rather than creating an
+ invoice, it will also be assigned to "No Customer."</para>
+ <para>Thus, if this report includes an entry for "No Customer", this means that the report
+ may be inaccurate, as the results are not all properly labeled.</para>
+ <para>Possible use scenarios include:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Tracking retail sales from different cities</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Tracking rental properties</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Tracking types of business</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Tracking commission sales</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>Each of these scenarios assumes that the account structure includes breakdowns
+ for individual tracked categories. Changing settings on the Income and Expense
+ tabs under Options can hone the information displayed. By default all income and
+ expense accounts are included; however, since <application>GnuCash</application> can't really predict
+ the names and classification of income and expense accounts, it must group them all
+ into the "No Customer" entry.</para>
+ <para>Note that inventory-based businesses won't benefit from this report because of its nature.</para>
+ <para>Useful options:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The Expense Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more expense accounts.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Income Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more income accounts.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Display tab allows sorting by name, profit percentage, or amount of profit.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_easyinv">
+ <title>Easy Invoice</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_employee">
+ <title>Employee Report</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_fancyinv">
+ <title>Fancy Invoice</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_payaging">
+ <title>Payable Aging</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_prtinv">
+ <title>Printable Invoice</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_recaging">
+ <title>Receivable Aging</title>
+ <para>This report provides a listing of all customers, their current balance, and
+ how much they have outstanding from invoices over different time periods—how
+ much they owe from 0-30 days, from 31-60 days, from 61-90 days, and over 90 days.
+ The report also contains links to each customer and to their current customer report.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_vendor">
+ <title>Vendor Report</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="rpt_grp_incexp">
+ <title>Income & Expense Group</title>
+ <para>Reports in this group provide information about Income and Expense</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_cashflow">
+ <title>Cash Flow</title>
+ <para>This report shows the change in value for a set of accounts (the flow of cash)
+ over a given period of time. By default, this report is based on accounts in Assets and
+ Special Accounts, and covers the current financial period. The report enumerates
+ all money coming in to and going out of the base accounts, broken down by the
+ other account.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_equity">
+ <title>Equity Statement</title>
+ <para>This report can be seen as extension of the Balance Sheet report. The
+ Balance Sheet states the balance of Assets, Liabilities and Equity at a
+ specific point of time. The Equity Statement focuses on the Equity Accounts
+ by showing the cash flow to and from them for a given period of time.</para>
+ <para>By balancing this cash flow with income, the report shows the available
+ capital at the beginning and end of the selected time period.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_expbarchart">
+ <title>Expense Barchart</title>
+ <para>The Expense Barchart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+ barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+ have specific expense types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+ the current financial period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+ the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+ the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+ form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_exppiechart">
+ <title>Expense Piechart</title>
+ <para>The Expense Piechart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+ piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+ have specific expense types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+ value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+ slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_expdayoweek">
+ <title>Expenses vs. Day of Week</title>
+ <para>Expenses vs. Day of Week presents a pie chart showing the totals for
+ selected expense accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction.
+ The report options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts,
+ display options, and the date range) but the account selector only allows
+ expense accounts to be chosen. The report aggregates expense transactions by
+ day of week, not by any other period or category. Due to these limitations,
+ the report may be considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting
+ to examine the source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_incomebarchart">
+ <title>Income Barchart</title>
+ <para>The Income Barchart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+ barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+ have specific income types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+ the current financial period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+ the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+ the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+ form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
+ <title>Income & Expense Chart</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_incomepiechart">
+ <title>Income Piechart</title>
+ <para>The Income Piechart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+ piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+ have specific income types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+ value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+ <para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+ the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+ deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+ slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+ affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_incstatement">
+ <title>Income Statement</title>
+ <para>This report lists Income and Expense account totals for a set period. By
+ default, it shows all Expense and Income accounts down to 3 levels of
+ sub-accounts for the current financial period.</para>
+ <para>An Income Statement is also called a "Profit and Loss" report or "Revenue Statement."</para>
+ <para>In earlier versions of <application>GnuCash</application>, this report was called
+ "Profit & Loss," but with version 2, the report was renamed "Income Statement"
+ to use more common accounting terminology.</para>
+ <para>The Income Statement helps show where money is coming from and where it is
+ going for a given time period.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_incdayoweek">
+ <title>Income vs. Day of Week</title>
+ <para>Income vs. Day of Week presents a piechart showing the totals for selected
+ income accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction. The report
+ options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts, display options,
+ and the date range) but the account selector only allows income accounts to be
+ chosen. The report aggregates income transactions by day of week, not by any
+ other period or category. Due to these limitations, the report may be
+ considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting to examine the
+ source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_trialbal">
+ <title>Trial Balance</title>
+ <para>Trial Balance lists the ending balances in all accounts as of a particular
+ date. It is typically run at the end of an accounting period and is primarily
+ used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ <sect2 id="rpt_grp_sampcust">
+ <title>Sample & Custom Group</title>
+ <para>The reports in this group offer examples on how reports can be customized
+ or podified to suit personal need.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_custommulti">
+ <title>Custom Multicolumn Report</title>
+ <para>This report provides a base that allows several standard and custom
+ reports to be combined into one view. Note that this report opens with an empty
+ window; you must open the options and designate which reports to include for display.
+ Once the reports have been selected, the settings for individual reports in the
+ multicolumn display can be edited.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3 id="rpt_sample">
+ <title>Sample Report with Examples</title>
+ <para>This is a sample report that users can examine to learn how to write their own reports.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
+ <title>Welcome Sample Report</title>
+ <para>This report demonstrates how the Multicolumn Report can be use to create
+ custom dashboard-type reports.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="rpt_grp_miscrpts">
+ <title>Other Reports</title>
+ <para>Several reports are included on the main Reports menu. These are described
+ below.</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_acctsummary">
+ <title>Account Summary</title>
+ <para>This lists the balances of all accounts and subaccounts as of a
+ particular date. By default, this report shows accounts and totals
+ down to third-level subaccounts.</para>
+ <para>This report gives effectively the same information as the Chart of Accounts.
+ You can use this report to export and print the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+ <para>Note: To generate a report of account totals over a particular time period
+ (especially if you do not close your books at regular intervals), you might
+ consider using the Income Statement, or Cash Flow reports.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
+ <title>Future Scheduled Transactions Summary</title>
+ <para/>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_taxtxf">
+ <title>Tax Report & TXF Export</title>
+ <para>Generates a report and a downloadable .txf file of taxable income and
+ deductible expenses for a particular accounting period. To download the report
+ data, choose the Export button on the toolbar and choose between html and .txf
+ downloadable versions.</para>
+ <para>To use this report, you must use Edit --> Tax Options to identify which
+ form the taxing authority uses for each income or expense account. Note that
+ you can see but not modify the "Tax related" checkbox in Edit --> Edit Account.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_txnrept">
+ <title>Transaction Report</title>
+ <para>This report lists the transactions in selected accounts during a
+ specified financial period. When first run, this report loads no data,
+ and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_savedrpts">
+ <title>Saved Report Configurations</title>
+ <para>Selecting this will open a dialog with a list of available Saved Report
+ Configurations. "Saved Report Configurations" means sets of customized
+ settings for standard reports.</para>
+ <para>These sets must be saved by the user before they appear here. See
+ Report Concepts above for instructions on how to save report configurations.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_acctreport">
+ <title>Account Report</title>
+ <para>The Account Report menu entry only appears when an account register is
+ the active tab. This report produces a list of all transactions in the open
+ register.</para>
+ <para>Note that if you conduct a search that retrieves several transactions, the
+ results are displayed in a new search register, which can then be used to create
+ a report for just those transactions.</para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="rpt_accttxnrept">
+ <title>Account Transaction Report</title>
+ <para>This report also only appears when an account register is the active tab.
+ However, this report only lists transactions that have been selected
+ (e.g. by mouse click) in the current register. If no transactions are selected,
+ an empty report will be generated.</para>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+ </chapter>
+
+ <!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+ -->
+ <chapter id="chapter_capgain">
+ <title>Guadagni in conto capitale</title>
+
- <para>Questo capitolo introdurrà alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per tenere traccia dei guadagni e delle perdite realizzate e non realizzate, meglio noti come guadagni o perdite in conto capitale.</para>
-
- <sect1 id="capgain_concepts1">
- <title>Concetti base</title>
-
- <para>Questo capitolo introdurrà alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per tenere traccia dei guadagni e delle perdite realizzate e non realizzate, meglio noti come guadagni o perdite in conto capitale.</para>
-
- <para>Alcuni capitali re investibili possono variare il loro valore nel tempo come, per esempio, le azioni, le obbligazioni, gli immobili o le auto. Alcune attività (es: le azioni) possono aumentare in valore mentre altre (es: un’auto) posso perdere valore. È importante essere in grado di valutare queste variazioni nel valore del capitale: questo capitolo illustrerà come procedere.</para>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register after using Scrub Account
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <para>Probabilmente tutto ciò che si possiede aumenterà o diminuirà il proprio valore al trascorrere del tempo; quindi è importante capire per quali di questi beni sia indicato tracciarne le variazioni del valore. Si consiglia di tracciare il valore solamente per quei beni che potranno essere venduti in futuro in cambio di liquidi o che sono relativi alle imposte.</para>
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
++ </emphasis> after using Scrub Account.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
- <para>I beni consumabili (es: il cibo, il carburante per l’auto, o la carta per la stampante) ovviamente non risultano interessati dall’argomento; inoltre, anche se il nuovo abito che si è appena acquistato perderà valore, non si desidererà tracciare questa diminuzione dato che non si avrà l’intenzione di rivenderlo e non si dovranno pagare delle imposte per la svalutazione dell’abito. Quindi, per questo esempio, l’acquisto di un nuovo abito dovrebbe essere registrato come una semplice uscita...i soldi spesi sono andati (!).</para>
++ <note>
++ <para>The security splits in the sell transactions have been split
++ into subsplits, one subsplit per lot, and a capital gain transaction
++ has been created for each security subsplit of each sell
++ transaction.
++ </para>
++ </note>
++ </listitem>
+
- <para>La rivalutazione (aumento del valore) di un bene avviene quando ciò che si possiede aumenta il proprio valore al trascorrere del tempo. Quando si possiede un bene che ha aumentato il proprio valore, la differenza tra il suo prezzo di acquisto e il suo nuovo valore prende il nome di <emphasis>guadagno non realizzato</emphasis>. Quando il bene viene venduto, il profitto che se ne ricava è noto con il nome di <emphasis>guadagno realizzato</emphasis> o <emphasis>guadagno in conto capitale</emphasis>. Un esempio di bene da cui è possibile avere dei guadagni non realizzati ed eventualmente dei guadagni in conto capitale, è una azione di una società pubblicamente scambiata.</para>
- </sect1>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Continue to <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/>
++ </para>
++ </listitem>
++ </orderedlist>
++ </sect3>
+
- <sect1 id="capgain_value1">
- <title>Stimare il valore</title>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellFifoSplit">
++ <title>Example 3 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
++ Transactions - After a Simple Stock Split</title>
++ <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot
++ creation/linking, where the Stock Split Assistant has been used for a
++ simple stock split. In this example, 100 shares of security XYZ were
++ bought for $10.00 each, there was a simple 2 for 1 stock split for
++ zero cost (so the holding was then 200 shares @ $5.00 each), then all
++ 200 shares were sold for $6.00 each.
++ </para>
+
- <para>Come ricordato nell’introduzione di questo capitolo, i guadagni in conto capitale sono i profitti ottenuti dalla vendita di un bene. In questa sezione verrà descritto come tracciare i guadagni in capitale in <application>&app;</application>.</para>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub Account
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitReg">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <para>I metodi contabili per trattare le rivalutazioni di un bene, sono in qualche modo diversi da quelli per le svalutazioni dato che generalmente si è interessati solamente al momento in cui si rivende il bene e si ottiene un guadagno in capitale; questo è in contrasto con la natura continua del deprezzamento. I guadagni in conto capitale sono un argomento importante nella sfera di influenza della tassazione, poiché i governi tendono a essere interessati a far gravare le imposte sui guadagni in conto capitale in un modo o nell’altro.</para>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <note>
- <para>Come sempre, esistono delle eccezioni. Se si possiede un’obbligazione che paga tutti gli interessi a maturazione, le autorità preposte alla tassazione richiedono spesso che venga riconosciuto un interesse ogni anno e si rifiutano di trattarli come un guadagno in conto capitale. Si consultino le normative Nazionali a riguardo dei beni che possono essere tassati nell’eventualità che ne derivi un guadagno in conto capitale.</para>
- </note>
++ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
++ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
- <para>Stimare l’accrescimento del valore di un bene non è generalmente cosa facile dato che spesso è difficoltoso conoscerne il valore prima dell’effettiva vendita.</para>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 0 after Scrub Account
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot0">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <para>I titoli scambiati quotidianamente nei mercati aperti come le Borse, rappresentano probabilmente la tipologia più semplice di bene per cui predire un valore e vendere il bene al prezzo di mercato è semplice quanto chiamare il proprio Brocker (mediatore). Per contro, la stima del valore di una casa è ben più complesso. Le case sono vendute meno frequentemente delle azioni, e la compravendita consiste di grandi sforzi e negoziazioni per cui le stime tendono a essere meno precise. Allo stesso modo, la vendita di un’auto prevede delle trattative che rendono il prezzo meno prevedibile.</para>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <para>Il valore di oggetti da collezione quali gioielli, opere d’arte, figurine e modellini è di ancora più difficile stima. I mercati per questi oggetti sono di nicchia e quindi meno aperti rispetto a quelli delle azioni e delle case. Ancora peggio sono i beni unici nel loro genere; le fabbriche, generalmente, possiedono dei macchinari che costano centinaia di migliaia di euro, costruiti appositamente per realizzare determinati prodotti. Queste apparecchiature non hanno valore al di fuori di un contesto specifico. In questi casi, diverse valutazioni in conflitto tra loro possono essere assegnate al bene e nessuna di esse è <quote>in assoluto</quote> corretta.</para>
++ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
++ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
- <para>Come regola generale della contabilità per quanto riguarda la stima dei guadagni non realizzati (o perdite), si dovrebbe solamente valutare di nuovo dei beni quali le azioni che possono essere rivendute immediatamente e per le quali esistono delle stime affidabili del valore. Per tutti gli altri beni, è meglio attendere semplicemente il momento della vendita, nel quale è possibile determinare esattamente il guadagno in conto capitale. Naturalmente non esiste una regola scritta per questo e infatti diversi contabili adottano diversi comportamenti in questi casi.</para>
- </sect1>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 1 after Scrub Account
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot1">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <sect1 id="capgain_accounts1">
- <title>Impostare i conti</title>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <para>Come nella maggior parte delle applicazioni della contabilità , esistono diverse metodologie per configurare i guadagni in conto capitale. Nel seguito verrà presentato un metodo generale sufficientemente versatile per essere applicato nella maggior parte delle situazioni. Il primo conto di cui si ha bisogno è quello del <emphasis>Costo del bene</emphasis> (conto di <application>&app;</application> del tipo <guilabel>Attività </guilabel>), che rappresenta la posizione in cui verrà registrato l’acquisto originale del bene. Normalmente l’acquisto avviene con una transazione dal proprio conto bancario.</para>
++ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
++ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
+
- <para>Per tenere traccia della rivalutazione di un bene, saranno necessari tre conti. Il primo è un conto delle attività per i <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> dove verranno inseriti tutti gli importi delle rivalutazioni. Il conto dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> sarà bilanciato da un conto delle entrate per i <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>, in cui saranno registrate tutte le rivalutazioni periodiche. Infine, è necessario un ulteriore conto per le entrate, denominato <emphasis>Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> in cui verranno registrati i guadagni in conto capitale derivanti dalla vendita del bene.</para>
++ <para>
++ The above screen shots show that scrubbing created:
++ </para>
+
- <para>Sotto è riportata una generica struttura dei conti adatta a tracciare la rivalutazione di due beni, <emphasis>BENE1</emphasis> e <emphasis>BENE2</emphasis>. Il conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:BENE1:Costo</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> mentre il conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:BENE1:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (lo stesso discorso vale per il BENE2).</para>
++ <para>2 lots. A separate lot for each buy (it essentially treats the
++ stock split as a buy of 100 for no cost)
++ </para>
++
++ <para>2 capital gain transactions (one for each lot) on the date of the
++ sale:
++ </para>
++
++ <itemizedlist>
++ <listitem><para>
++ Lot 0: 1/7/2009 loss $400 (sale $600 - cost $1000)</para>
++ </listitem>
++ <listitem><para>
++ Lot 1: 1/7/2009 gain $600 (sale $600 - cost $0)</para>
++ </listitem>
++ </itemizedlist>
++
++ <para>Total gain $200 is correct. Whether the gain is a single long-term
++ one or one each of long-term and short-term or whether there's even a
++ distinction depends on the user's tax jurisdiction and the way the
++ split is structured. If the user needs help figuring it out they
++ should consult a professional.
++ </para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+ -Assets
+ -Current Assets
+ -Savings Account
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -ITEM1
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+ -ITEM2
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+ -Income
+ -Realized Gains
+ -Unrealized Gains
+ </literallayout>
+ </sect1>
+
- <sect1 id="capgain_example1">
- <title>Esempio</title>
++ <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample">
++ <title>Example of Changing the Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
+
- <para>Si supponga di acquistare un bene per cui si prevede un aumento del valore, quale un quadro di Degas, e di volerne tenere traccia (se ne occuperà la compagnia di assicurazione, anche se nessun altro lo farà ).</para>
++ <orderedlist>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window if
++ open and return to the security account register.
++ </para>
+
- <para>Start with an account hierarchy similar to that shown in <xref linkend="capgain_accounts1"/>, but replace <quote>ITEM1</quote> with <quote>Degas</quote> and you
- can remove the <quote>ITEM2</quote> accounts. We will assume that the Degas painting
- had an initial value of one hundred thousand dollars. Begin by giving your
- self $100,000 in the bank and then transferring that from your bank
- account to your <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Degas:Cost</emphasis> account (the asset
- purchase transaction). You should now have a main account window which
- appears like this:</para>
++ <figure pgwide="1">
++ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after scrubbing a
++ single lot
++ </title>
++ <screenshot id="invest-lots4AftScrub1LotReg">
++ <mediaobject>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots4_AfterScrub1LotReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots4_AfterScrub1LotReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
++ </imageobject>
+
- <screenshot id="capgain_appmain">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_appmain.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
- </imageobject>
++ <textobject>
++ <phrase>Example of security register after scrubbing a
++ single lot
++ </phrase>
++ </textobject>
+
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
- </textobject>
++ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
++ </emphasis> after scrubbing a single lot.</para>
++ </caption>
++ </mediaobject>
++ </screenshot>
++ </figure>
++ </listitem>
+
- <caption><para>La finestra principale dell’esempio sulla rivalutazione di un bene</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
++ <listitem>
++ <para>Find each new <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>
++ transaction in the security account register (they will
++ have the same date as the sell transactions). Edit the <emphasis>
++ Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
++ income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or
++ loss account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital
++ Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
++ </para>
+
- <sect2 id="capgain_exampleunrealized2">
- <title>Guadagni non realizzati</title>
++ <tip>
++ <para>You may like to split the capital gain/loss into
++ taxable and non taxable parts if that is in accord with your
++ tax laws.
++ </para>
++ </tip>
++ </listitem>
++ </orderedlist>
++ </sect3>
++ </sect2>
++ </sect1>
+
- <para>Un mese dopo, si ha ragione di credere che il valore del quadro sia aumentato di €10.000 (un guadagno non realizzato). Per registrare questo aumento, occorre inserire un trasferimento di €10.000 dal conto dei propri <emphasis>guadagni accumulabili</emphasis> (<emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>) al conto dei <emphasis>guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (<emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>). La finestra principale assomiglierà a questa:</para>
++ <sect1 id="invest-dividends1">
++ <title>Dividendi</title>
+
- <screenshot id="capgain_app2main">
++ <para>Alcune società o fondi comuni rendono periodicamente dei dividendi agli azionisti. I dividendi vengono normalmente forniti in due modalità diverse: o vengono automaticamente reinvestiti nella commodity o sono restituiti come liquidi. I fondi comuni sono spesso impostati per reinvestire automaticamente i dividendi, mentre i dividendi per le azioni comuni vengono generalmente pagati in liquidi.</para>
++
++ <sect2 id="invest-dividendcash">
++ <title>Dividendi liquidi</title>
++
++ <para>If the dividend is presented as cash, you should record the
++ transaction in the asset account that received the money, as income
++ from <emphasis>Income:Dividends</emphasis>. Additionally if you want to tie
++ the cash dividend to a particular stock holding then add a dummy
++ transaction split to the stock account with quantity 0 price 1 value 0.</para>
++
++ <para>As an example consider the following; the dividends
++ deposited as cash into the <emphasis>Broker</emphasis> Account with a tie
++ to the stock account.</para>
++
++ <screenshot id="invest-dividendcash1">
+ <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app2main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
++ <imageobject role="html">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson" width="510px"/>
++ </imageobject>
++ <imageobject role="fo">
++ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
- <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
++ <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per dividendi liquidi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
- <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento del guadagno non realizzato</para></caption>
++ <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto di <emphasis>mediazione</emphasis> dopo una serie di dividendi liquidi.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- </sect2>
+
- <sect2 id="capgain_examplesell2">
- <title>Vendere</title>
++ <note>
++ <para>Se si desidera registrare i dividendi per ogni azione, sarà necessario creare un conto <emphasis>Entrate:Dividendi:SIMBOLO AZIONE</emphasis> per ogni azione posseduta che genera dividendi.</para>
++ </note>
+
- <para>Si supponga che un altro mese dopo i prezzi dei quadri di Degas siano saliti ancora un po’, in questo caso di circa €20.000, come dalle proprie stime. Puntualmente si registreranno i €20.000 come entrate derivanti da guadagni non realizzati; poi si decide di vendere il quadro.</para>
++ </sect2>
+
- <para>Si presentano tre possibilità : si potrebbero aver <emphasis>correttamente stimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati, <emphasis>sottostimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati o <emphasis>sovrastimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati.</para>
++ <sect2 id="invest-dividendreinvest">
++ <title>Dividendi reinvestiti</title>
+
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis>Stima accurata</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
++ <para>Se i dividendi sono ricevuti sotto forma di un reinvestimento automatico, la transazione corrispondente dovrebbe avvenire all’interno del conto dell’azione o del fondo comune come entrata dal conto <quote>Entrate:Dividendi</quote> per il numero di quote effettivamente reinvestite. Generalmente ci si riferisce a questo tipo di reinvestimento con la sigla DRIP (Dividend Re-Investment Program).</para>
+
- <para>Le proprie stime ottimistiche del prezzo del quadro erano corrette. Prima di tutto si deve registrare che i profitti ottenuti sono ora guadagni realizzati, e non guadagni non realizzati. Questo si effettua trasferendo le entrate dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> al conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis>.</para>
++ <para>As an example consider the following purchase of NSTAR (NST) stock with the
++ dividends reinvested into a DRIP Account. Mutual fund re-investments would be the same.
++ </para>
+
- <para>In secondo luogo, occorre accreditare il conto bancario con il prezzo di vendita del quadro. Questo denaro proviene direttamente dal sottoconto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas</emphasis>. Si trasferisca l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis>.</para>
++ <para>Starting with the purchase of 100 shares on Jan. 3, 2005, all dividends will be
++ reinvested and an account is created to track the dividend to the specific stock. <application>GnuCash</application>
++ simplifies the entry by allowing calculations within the cells of the transaction. If the
++ first dividend is $.29/share, enter $53.28 (purchase price + dividend) in the share <guilabel>Price</guilabel>
++ cell and 100*.29 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> cell. <application>GnuCash</application> will calculate for you the
++ corresponding numer of <guilabel>Shares</guilabel></para>
+
- <para>Queste transazioni dovrebbero apparire così:</para>
+ <screenshot id="invest-dividendreinvest1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendreinvest1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <para><table>
- <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per il reinvestimento dei dividendi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
+ <caption><para>An image of the NST Stock Account register after a dividend
+ reinvestment. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
+ </sect2>
- <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
- </row>
+ </sect1>
- <row>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+ <sect1 id="invest-retofcap">
+ <title>Return of Capital</title>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
+ <para>This refers to a transaction where an investment returns capital to
+ the investor and doesn't have any accounting implications other than
+ reducing the cost basis. The number of shares held is not changed.
+ </para>
- <entry>€30.000</entry>
+ <para>A Return of Capital transaction can be entered in the stock register
+ by entering the stock split with
+ </para>
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Quote</entry><entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Prezzo</entry><entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Vendi</entry><entry>Return of Capital value</entry>
+ </row>
- <entry>€100.000</entry>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>The other side of the double entry would usually be a debit to the
+ brokerage bank account.
+ </para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+ <screenshot id="invest-ret-of-cap">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_ret_of_cap.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of return of capital transactions</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+ <caption><para>An image of the Stock Account register after a return
+ of capital.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry>€30.000</entry>
+ <note><para>It is not possible to use the Stock Split Assistant to do this
+ type of transaction.</para>
+ </note>
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table></para>
+ <tip><para>If you accidentally entered a non-zero price in the stock split,
+ <application>GnuCash</application> may have created an unwanted price database
+ entry which could cause reports to be wrong. Check for and remove such an
+ unwanted entry from the price database using <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools
+ </guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ </tip>
- <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €130.000 ed €30.000.</para>
+ </sect1>
- <screenshot id="capgain_app3main">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app3main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
- </imageobject>
+<!-- Stock Splits - Simple
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
- </textobject>
+-->
- <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento dei guadagni realizzati</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="invest-splitsnmergers1">
+ <title>Frazionamenti e fusioni</title>
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis>Sottostima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
+ <para>Le società possono frazionare le loro azioni per diverse ragioni la più comune delle quali è quando l’amministrazione della società ritiene che il prezzo abbia superato il valore ragionevole per gli investitori. Alcuni di questi frazionamenti sono semplici scambi (es: 2 per 1 o 3 per 2) mentre altri sono meccanismi di scambio più complessi con distribuzione di liquidi. I frazionamenti possono anche portare a una diminuzione del numero di azioni se lo scambio è un frazionamento inverso (es: 1 per 3 o 0,75 per 1).</para>
- <para>You were over-optimistic about the value of the painting.
- Instead of the $130000 you thought the painting was worth you are only
- offered $120000. But you still decide to sell, because you value
- $120000 more than you value the painting. The numbers change a
- little bit, but not too dramatically.</para>
+ <sect2 id="invest-simplesplit">
+ <title>Frazionamento azionario semplice</title>
- <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>):</para>
+ <para>Per fare un esempio, si supponga che la propria società di investimento in azioni NST abbia dichiarato un frazionamento azionario di 2 per 1 a decorrere dal 6 Giugno 2005. Per inserire la corrispondente transazione occorre avviare l’assistente per il frazionamento azionario andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu><guimenuitem>Frazionamento azionario</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
- <para><table>
- <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-split1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <tgroup cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 1.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine della selezione dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
+ <para>La prima schermata è solamente di introduzione; premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton> per visualizzare la finestra di selezione del conto e dell’azione per il frazionamento. Sarà necessario creare una voce per ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto:Azioni</emphasis> che si possiede.</para>
- <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
- </row>
+ <screenshot id="invest-split2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <row>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry>€20.000</entry>
- <entry>€10.000</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:DRIPs:NST</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
+ <para>La finestra seguente per i dettagli del frazionamento azionario, contiene 5 campi:</para>
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <entry>€100.000</entry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
+ <para>Nell’esempio si è ipotizzato un frazionamento 2 per 1, quindi il numero di quote addizionali è pari al numero di quelle presenti attualmente nel registro.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <entry>€20.000</entry>
+ </itemizedlist>
- <entry>€10.000</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
- <screenshot id="invest-split3">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
- </imageobject>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
++<!--
++ (Do not remove this comment block.)
++ Version: 2.4.0
++ Last modified: March 16th 2010
++ Maintainers:
++ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
++ Author:
++ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
++ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
++ Updated Geert Janssens <janssens-geert at telenet.be>
++ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
++ Translators:
++ (translators put your name and email here)
++-->
++<chapter id="chapter_currency">
++ <title>Valute multiple</title>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry>€10.000</entry>
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 3 - Dettagli del frazionamento.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table></para>
- <para>La schermata successiva verrà saltata per questo esempio poiché non è presente <quote>Cash in Lieu</quote>.</para>
- <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €120.000 ed €20.000.</para>
- </listitem>
++ <para>Alcuni dei problemi che sorgono quando si utilizzano più valute, hanno a che fare con il trasferimento di fondi tra conti con diversa valuta, con il calcolo del valore totale di conti che hanno valute diverse e con la preparazione dei resoconti con valute miste.</para>
+
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis>Sovrastima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
++ <note>
++ <para>Un metodo alternativo per gestire i conti con valute multiple rispetto a quello presentato nelle sezioni successive, consiste nell’utilizzare le funzionalità dei conti di <guilabel>trading</guilabel> fornite da <application>&app;</application>. Queste funzionalità , introdotte con la versione 2.3.14 di <application>&app;</application>, possono essere abilitate andando nella scheda <guilabel>Conti</guilabel> accessibile dal menu <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem> Proprietà </guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
++ <para>Per una guida completa sui conti per il <guilabel>trading</guilabel> si consiglia di consultare la <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">guida Peter Selinger (in inglese)</ulink>.</para>
++ </note>
++ </sect1>
- <para>Si supponga di riuscire a vendere il quadro a un prezzo superiore alle proprie più rosee previsioni: €150.000. Il plusvalore è, di nuovo, trattato come un guadagno, cioè un’entrata.</para>
+ <screenshot id="invest-split4">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_split4.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei guadagni non realizzati):</para>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <para><table>
- <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 4 - Cash in Lieu.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <tgroup cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+ <para>Una finestra finale di <guilabel>Termina</guilabel> proporrà diverse opzioni: <guibutton>Annulla</guibutton>, <guibutton>Indietro</guibutton> per annullare o modificare i dati inseriti, e <guibutton>Applica</guibutton> per completare il frazionamento azionario con i dati inseriti.</para>
- <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
-
- <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
-
- <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
-
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
-
- <entry>€50.000</entry>
-
- <entry>€-20.000</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
-
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
-
- <entry>€100.000</entry>
-
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
-
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
-
- <entry>€50.000</entry>
-
- <entry>€-20.000</entry>
- </row>
-
- <row>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
-
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
-
- <entry>€20.000</entry>
-
- <entry>€0</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table></para>
-
- <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €150.000 ed €50.000.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="capgain_tax1">
- <title>Tassazione</title>
-
- <para>Le politiche di tassazione variano considerevolmente fra un paese e un altro, quindi è virtualmente impossibile pronunciarsi in modo valido universalmente. Comunque, è possibile affermare che comunemente le entrate generate dai guadagni in conto capitale non sono soggette a tassazione fino al momento in cui il bene viene venduto e a volte nemmeno in questo momento. I proprietari di case nel Nord America, normalmente si ritrovano a non dover pagare nessuna tassa per il guadagno in capitale che ottengono dalla vendita. Altri paesi invece trattano la vendita delle case in modo differente: le autorità tedesche, per esempio, tassano i guadagni in capitale derivanti dalla vendita di una casa, solamente se si è stati proprietari per meno di dieci anni.</para>
-
- <para>Chris Browne ha una storia da raccontare relativa a quando era un professionista della preparazione delle tasse; una famiglia che aveva venduto una fattoria, si aspettava una considerevole somma di tasse da pagare che però in realtà , furono quasi nulle per il fatto che avevano ottenuto la proprietà prima del 1971 (in cui è stabilita una data critica per le valutazioni in Canada) e dato che la fattoria era anche un caseificio per cui erano possibili alcune particolari deduzioni. La morale di questa storia è che mentre qui è stato mostrato in modo semplice, la tassazione può divenire molto complicata...</para>
- </sect1>
-</chapter>
-
-<!--
- (Do not remove this comment block.)
- Version: 2.4.0
- Last modified: March 16th 2010
- Maintainers:
- Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
- Author:
- Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
- Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
- Updated Geert Janssens <janssens-geert at telenet.be>
- Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
- Translators:
- (translators put your name and email here)
--->
-<chapter id="chapter_currency">
- <title>Valute multiple</title>
-
- <para>Questo capitolo mostra come configurare i conti in <application>&app;</application> per l’utilizzo di valute multiple.</para>
-
- <sect1 id="currency_concepts1">
- <title>Concetti base</title>
-
- <para><application>&app;</application> supporta più di cento valute, dal Franco di Andorra al dollare dello Zimbabwe. Per esempio, si può avere un conto bancario in Euro e un altro in dollari di Hong Kong.</para>
-
- <para>Alcuni dei problemi che sorgono quando si utilizzano più valute, hanno a che fare con il trasferimento di fondi tra conti con diversa valuta, con il calcolo del valore totale di conti che hanno valute diverse e con la preparazione dei resoconti con valute miste.</para>
-
- <note>
- <para>Un metodo alternativo per gestire i conti con valute multiple rispetto a quello presentato nelle sezioni successive, consiste nell’utilizzare le funzionalità dei conti di <guilabel>trading</guilabel> fornite da <application>&app;</application>. Queste funzionalità , introdotte con la versione 2.3.14 di <application>&app;</application>, possono essere abilitate andando nella scheda <guilabel>Conti</guilabel> accessibile dal menu <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem> Proprietà </guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
- <para>Per una guida completa sui conti per il <guilabel>trading</guilabel> si consiglia di consultare la <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">guida Peter Selinger (in inglese)</ulink>.</para>
- </note>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="currency_acct1">
- <title>Impostare i conti</title>
-
- <para>La valuta predefinita per un conto è impostata nella scheda <guilabel>Conti</guilabel>accessibile tramite <menuchoice><guimenu>Modifica</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> (<menuchoice><guimenu>&app;</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> su Mac OS X). Questo parametro dovrebbe essere settato correttamente da subito al fine di rendere più veloce il processo di creazione di una struttura dei conti.</para>
-
- <para>Analogamente, <application>&app;</application> offre un’opzione per impostare la valuta preferita con cui visualizzare i resoconti (come lo stato patrimoniale e il resocont delle entrate). L’opzione è chiamata <guilabel>Valuta predefinita per i resoconti</guilabel> e si trova nella scheda <guilabel>Resoconti</guilabel> delle <guilabel>Preferenze di &app;</guilabel>. Si consiglia di impostare entrambe le preferenze quando si inizia a utilizzare <application>&app;</application> dato che se, per esempio, i propri conti sono in dollari canadesi e i resoconti in dollari americani, la finestra del resoconto riporterà un messaggio di errore in cui viene segnalato che <guilabel>I conti selezionati non contengono dati/transazioni (o solo valori nulli) per il periodo di tempo selezionato</guilabel>.</para>
-
- <para>Quando si crea un nuovo conto, è possibile definire la commodity a esso associata. Per i conti in valuta, si può scegliere fra una delle centinaia di valute supportate da <application>&app;</application> selezionandola semplicemente dalla lista delle commodity in valuta. Si noterà come la valuta predefinita sia sempre quella impostata nelle preferenze; così, se si lavora prevalentemente con l’Euro, ma si ha anche saltuariamente a che fare con il Birr Etiope, conviene impostare la valuta predefinita in Euro.</para>
-
- <para>Per esempio, si imposti un tipico scenario di conto bancario in cui venga utilizzato prevalentemente l’Euro (EUR), ma si possegga anche un conto in una banca negli Stati Uniti che lavori prevalentemente in dollari Americani (USD) e infine un altro conto ad Hong Kong che utilizzi il dollaro di Hong Kong (HKD). Si devono quindi impostare 3 conti, uno con l’Euro, uno con i dollari Americani e uno con i dollari di Hong Kong; una possibile struttura per questa situazione potrebbe essere:</para>
+ <screenshot id="invest-simplesplit1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_simplesplit1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Esempio di una transazione relativa a un semplice frazionamento azionario, nel registro delle azioni</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <literallayout>
+ -Assets (USD)
+ -Current Assets (USD)
+ -US Bank (USD)
+ -European Bank (EUR)
+ -HK Bank (HKD)
+ -Equity (USD)
+ -Opening Balances
+ -USD (USD)
+ -EUR (EUR)
+ -EUR (HKD)
+
+ Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
+ </literallayout>
- <para>Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent
- accounts are set to USD. Of course, if you mostly work in Euros, you could
- change the currency of these parent accounts to EUR. The totals shown in
- the account tree window will always be converted to the currency of each
- particular account. Notice, we also set up 3 Starting Balances equity
- accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.</para>
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:DRIPs:NST<emphasis> dopo l’inserimento di una transazione per un semplice frazionamento azionario.</emphasis></emphasis></para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <note>
- <para>È anche possibile impostare un singolo conto per il bilancio d’apertura e utilizzare un trasferimento di valuta per popolare i conti con valuta differente. Comunque questa è un’opzione più avanzata che verrà descritta in una sezione successiva (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2"/>).</para>
- </note>
+ </sect2>
- <para>Più sotto è visibile il risultato di questo esempio in cui si parte con 10.000 EUR, 10.000 USD e 10.000 HKD nei tre conti bancari. Si noti che il totale dei conti padre mostra solo il saldo dei sottoconti con valute corrispondenti. In futuro si potranno stabilire i tassi di cambio tra le valute e i conti padre calcoleranno il valore convertito di tutti i sottoconti. Consultare la sezione (<xref linkend="currency_howto1"/>) per le istruzioni su come fare.</para>
+<!-- Moderately Complex Stock Merger
- <screenshot id="currency_main1">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
- </imageobject>
+-->
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <sect2 id="invest-merger1">
+ <title>Fusione azionaria moderatamente complessa</title>
- <caption><para>Impostazione iniziale di 3 conti bancari con valute multiple.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <para>Come esempio, si assuma di aver posseduto delle azioni AT&T durante la fusione avvenuta il 18 Novembre 2005 della SBC con AT&T. In questo esempio si ipotizzerà di aver acquistato le azioni AT&T il 1° Aprile 2005, che i divendi siano stati pagati in liquidi e quindi che non siano stati inseriti nel registro delle azioni AT&T.</para>
- <para>Si noti che la colonna <guilabel>Totale (Resoconto)</guilabel> è visualizzata. Questa opzione è configurabile facendo clic sulla <guibutton>freccia giù</guibutton> nella riga di intestazione delle colonne e selezionando <quote>Totale(EUR)</quote>.</para>
+ <para>Le condizioni della fusione sancivano che 0,77942 azioni di SBC fossero scambiate per ogni azione AT&T. La società derivante dalla fusione continuò a utilizzare il simbolo <quote>T</quote> da AT&T.</para>
- <sect2 id="currency_acct_user2">
- <title>Valute definite dall’utente</title>
+ <para>AT&T fornì dei <quote>dividendi</quote> di €1,20/azione alla data della transazione, comunque questa operazione non apparirà nel conto delle azioni dato che si trattò di una distribuzione in liquidi.</para>
- <para>Generalmente parlando, per valuta si intendono le valute che ogni governo utilizza (o più precisamente, le valute definite dallo standard internazionale chimato <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink>). <application>&app;</application> non permette di creare una propria valuta. Per tracciare le valute non <acronym>ISO</acronym>, è possibile utilizzare due stratagemmi in funzione dell’uso che se ne deve fare.</para>
+ <para>Il processo di inserimento di questa transazione è identico al frazionamento semplice fino alla schermata dei <quote>Dettagli</quote>. Sarà necessario creare una voce di frazionamento in ogni combinazione di <emphasis>Conto investimenti:Azioni</emphasis> che ha delle azioni frazionate.</para>
- <para>Si supponga per esmepio di voler tracciare <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà </emphasis> che tiene il conto dei punti accumulati acquistando da una certa compagnia. Il conto che traccia <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà </emphasis> sia <emphasis>Attività :Altro:GruppoRegaliFedeltà </emphasis>.</para>
+ <screenshot id="invest-merge2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <para>Il primo metodo consiste nel definire un nuovo titolo, del tipo <guilabel>FUND</guilabel> chiamato <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà </emphasis>. Il metodo è molto semplice: dopo aver creato il nuovo conto <emphasis>GruppoRegaliFedeltà </emphasis> del tipo <guilabel>Azione</guilabel> o <guilabel>Fondo comune</guilabel>, premere il pulsante <guibutton>Seleziona...</guibutton> vicino al campo <guilabel>Titolo/Valuta</guilabel>, e fare clic sul pulsante <guibutton>Nuovo</guibutton> per definire un nuovo titolo di tipo <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>.</para>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <para>Questo non è l’utilizzo per cui sono stati pensati i conti del tipo <emphasis>azione</emphasis> o <emphasis>fondo comune</emphasis>, ma <application>&app;</application> permette all’utente di decidere liberamente come utilizzarli invece di imporsi. Il lato negativo di questo metodo consiste nel fatto che è necessario inserire un <quote>prezzo</quote> per ogni transazione che coinvolge <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà </emphasis>, poiché <application>&app;</application> ha bisogno del prezzo per capire il valore monetario di <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà </emphasis> e per considerarli quindi come attività .</para>
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine dell’assistente per il frazionamento azionario al passo 2 - Selezione del conto/azione (<emphasis>Conto investimenti:T</emphasis>).</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <para>Il secondo metodo consiste nell’utilizzare una delle valute <quote>fittizie</quote> per tenere traccia di <emphasis>RegaliFedeltà </emphasis>. Le valute fittizie sono <quote>XTS (Code for testing purposes)</quote> e <quote>XXX (No currency)</quote>. Utilizzando una di queste per il proprio conto <emphasis>GruppoRegaliFedeltà </emphasis>, è possibile inserire le transazioni nel conto senza dover inserire i prezzi delle quote per ogni transazione. In più, è possibile utilizzare le medesime due valute fittizie per tenere traccia di tutti gli importi, le ore, i benefici e così via, accumulati e utilizzati fino a quel momento durante l’anno. Si capisce facilmente come <application>&app;</application> possa essere utilizzato come punto di riferimento per tenere traccia di qualsiasi grandezza, oltre che delle proprie finanze.</para>
- <para>The drawback with this second method is that you cannot define exchange rates for
- the dummy currencies to convert them to <acronym>ISO</acronym>
- currencies. If you want to do that, you really should use the first
- method.</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ <para>Selezionare il conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Conto brokeraggio:Azioni:T</emphasis> e premere <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
- <sect1 id="currency_howto1">
- <title>Registrare e aggiornare i tassi di cambio per le valute (come fare)</title>
+ <para>La finestra seguente per i dettagli del frazionamento azionario, contiene 5 campi:</para>
- <para><application>GnuCash</application> allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates in two
- different ways, manually and automatically. In the following two sections we
- will work through both ways.</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Data</guilabel> - Inserire la data del frazionamento. Per questo esempio si inserirà 18 Novembre 2005.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <para>Prima di iniziare, è bene dare uno sguardo alla struttura dei conti</para>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Quote</guilabel> - Il numero di quote aggiunte (o sottratte) nella transazione.</para>
+ <para>Nell’esempio in oggetto si tratta di un frazionamenti di 0,77942 per 1 e quindi il numero di azioni diminuisce rispetto a quello attualmente presente nel registro. È possibile avvalersi della capacità di <application>&app;</application> di eseguire i calcoli nelle celle inserendo direttamente i dati (Es: <quote>(0,77942*100)-100</quote>) per calcolare la diminuzione delle azioni derivante dal frazionamento.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <screenshot id="currency_main1a">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
- </imageobject>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> - La descrizione dovrebbe fornire una breve spiegazione della transazione.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Nuovo prezzo</guilabel> - Se si desidera è possibile inserire qui il nuovo prezzo dell’azione dopo il frazionamento.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <caption><para>Impostazione iniziale di 3 conti bancari con valute multiple.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><guilabel>Valuta</guilabel> - è richiesta la valuta della transazione che dovrebbe essere la stessa con cui è avvenuto l’acquisto delle azioni.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <sect2 id="currency_howto_Manual">
- <title>Aggiornare manualmente i tassi di cambio</title>
+ </itemizedlist>
- <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_peditor">
+ <screenshot id="invest-merge3">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_merge3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Dave Herman"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
@@@ -8677,469 -9308,442 +10242,505 @@@ an empty report will be generated.</par
</imageobject>
<textobject>
- <phrase>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</phrase>
+ <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
</textobject>
- <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
+ <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento del guadagno non realizzato</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
- <para>La struttura dei conti mostra ora che il conto in banca è stato ridotto del valore della barca (JMD 509.000), e che il conto della barca nei beni immobili è aumentato dello stesso importo. Se è anche stato attivato nel CoA (scelta delle colonne) la voce <quote>Totale (EUR)</quote>, verrà mostrato il valore corrispondente in EURO. Il valore in EURO rispecchierà sempre l’ultimo tasso di cambio che è stato automaticamente o manualmente aggiornato con <application>&app;</application>.</para>
</sect2>
- <sect2 id="currency_purchase3">
- <title>Acquistare azioni estere</title>
-
- <para>Questo esempio mostra come acquistare azioni scambiate in una valuta differente da quella normale.</para>
-
- <para>Assume that you live in New York and therefore you have set the
- default currency to USD. You decide to purchase a stock traded in Hong
- Kong that is priced in HKD. You would also like to be able to track the
- various income and expense amounts per stock and broker.</para>
-
- <para>Le azioni che si desidera acquistare sono le Beijing Airport (Hong Kong) (Dopotutto le Olimpiadi del 2008 a Beijing sono terminate e il prezzo è tornato normale).</para>
+ <sect2 id="capgain_examplesell2">
+ <title>Vendere</title>
- <note><para>Le azioni di cui sopra (Beijing Airport) sono state scelte solo per le finalità di questo esempio, e non dovrebbero essere prese come una pubblicità per l’acquisto delle azioni.</para></note>
+ <para>Si supponga che un altro mese dopo i prezzi dei quadri di Degas siano saliti ancora un po’, in questo caso di circa €20.000, come dalle proprie stime. Puntualmente si registreranno i €20.000 come entrate derivanti da guadagni non realizzati; poi si decide di vendere il quadro.</para>
- <para>È necessario trovare quale sia il simbolo ticker dell’azione. Per farlo, è utile un po’ di ricerca su internet e, in particolare, su <ulink url="http://finance.yahoo.com/lookup"><citetitle>Yahoo! Finance - Ticker Symbol Lookup</citetitle></ulink> (http://finance.yahoo.com/lookup). Questo porta a:</para>
+ <para>Si presentano tre possibilità : si potrebbero aver <emphasis>correttamente stimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati, <emphasis>sottostimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati o <emphasis>sovrastimato</emphasis> i guadagni non realizzati.</para>
- <itemizedlist>
+ <orderedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><emphasis>Stima accurata</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
+ <para><emphasis>Beijing Airport</emphasis> ha il simbolo 0694.HK su Yahoo</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Since we wanted to be able to track all various income and expense amounts,
+ we come up with the following Account structure:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>
+ Attività :Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:0694.HK (Beijing Airport)
+ Attività :Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:Banca (HKD)
+ Capitali:Bilanci di apertura:HKD (HKD)
+ Uscite:Commissioni:Boom.0694.HK (HKD)
+ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>La struttura dei conti assomiglia a questa dopo la creazione di tutti i conti necessari:</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
- </imageobject>
+ <para>Le proprie stime ottimistiche del prezzo del quadro erano corrette. Prima di tutto si deve registrare che i profitti ottenuti sono ora guadagni realizzati, e non guadagni non realizzati. Questo si effettua trasferendo le entrate dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> al conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis>.</para>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <para>In secondo luogo, occorre accreditare il conto bancario con il prezzo di vendita del quadro. Questo denaro proviene direttamente dal sottoconto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas</emphasis>. Si trasferisca l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e l’intero valore del conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> nel conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis>.</para>
- <caption><para>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <para>Queste transazioni dovrebbero apparire così:</para>
- <para>Le informazioni sull’azione sono visualizzabili nell’editor titoli (<menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenu>Editor titoli</guimenu></menuchoice>):</para>
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
- <screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
- </imageobject>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Titoli Internazionali</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
- <caption><para>Titoli Internazionali</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
- <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage’s
- cash account (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), do so
- now, either using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account
- (Currency Transfer).</para>
+ <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
- <para>Let’s assume that the stock price is HKD 3 per share. To record the
- purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
- (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
- the following:</para>
-<literallayout>
- Acquisto delle azioni
- Attività :Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:Banca Prelievo 50.000
- Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Boom_HKD Deposito 500
- Attività :Investimenti:Conto di brockeraggio:Boom:0694 Deposito 49.500 (16.500 quote)
-</literallayout>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
+ <para>Se non viene visualizzata automaticamente la finestra del <guilabel>Tasso di cambio</guilabel>, fare clic con il tasto destro del mouse nella riga dell’azione e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel>. Nella finestra che verrà aperta, inserire il numero di azioni (16.500) nel campo <guilabel>Trasferisci a:</guilabel></para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Trasferimento di fondi</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <entry>€30.000</entry>
- <caption><para>Impostazione del numero di quote nella finestra del trasferimento fondi</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
+ <para>Se si ritorna alla struttura dei conti, si vedrà che il totale del conto è stato modificato in funzione delle quote acquistate.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Azioni Internazionali acquistate</phrase>
- </textobject>
- <caption><para>Struttura dei conti con alcune azioni Internazionali</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
- <para>Come si può vedere, il totale in Euro potrebbe essere zero se non è stato impostato alcun tasso di cambio tra EUR e HKD. Per porvi rimedio, andare in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice> e premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per far sì che <application>&app;</application> recuperi automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
+ <entry>€100.000</entry>
- <note>
- <para>Questo esempio mostra come le azioni possano essere acquistate on una valuta qualsiasi inserendo la transazione relativa nel registro del conto dove risiede il denaro utilizzato per pagarle. È anche possibile inserire la transazione dal registro del conto dell’azione, ma si proceda con cautela! Operando in questo secondo modo, <application>&app;</application> assumerà che il prezzo qui inserito sia espresso nella valuta del conto padre dell’azione.</para>
- <para>In questo esempio, il conto padre (<emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Conto brockeraggio:Boom</emphasis>) è impostato in HKD. Dato che si tratta della stessa valuta con cui viene espresso il prezzo dell’azione, l’acquisto può essere inserito tranquillamente nel registro del conto dell’azione.</para>
- </note>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
+ </sect2>
+
+ </sect1>
- <sect1 id="currency_invest1">
- <title>Tracciare gli investimenti in valuta (come fare)</title>
+ <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
- <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in different
- countries' currency, and hope that their currency will raise in value
- relative your own currency.</para>
+ <entry>€30.000</entry>
- <para>When you enter these transactions into <application>GnuCash</application>, you will have to
- decide on how much detail you would like to have.</para>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
- <para>If you are not interested in detail at all, a very simple account
- structure would be enough. Something like this;</para>
+ <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €130.000 ed €30.000.</para>
- <literallayout>
- Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca (EUR)
- Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:XXX (XXX)</literallayout>
+ <screenshot id="capgain_app3main">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/capgain_app3main.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <para>Se si vuole essere in grado di tracciare gli aumenti del capitale o le perdite, come anche le varie spese, occorrerà uno schema più complesso; tipo questo:</para>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Finestra principale di rivalutazione del bene</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <literallayout>
- Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca (EUR)
- Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX (XXX)
- Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX (XXX)
- Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX (XXX)</literallayout>
+ <caption><para>La struttura dei conti dopo l’inserimento dei guadagni realizzati</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </listitem>
- <para>Dove XXX rappresenta la valuta su cui si sta investendo.</para>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Sottostima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
- <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
- <title>Acquistare un investimento in valuta</title>
+ <para>You were over-optimistic about the value of the painting.
+ Instead of the $130000 you thought the painting was worth you are only
+ offered $120000. But you still decide to sell, because you value
+ $120000 more than you value the painting. The numbers change a
+ little bit, but not too dramatically.</para>
- <para>Un tipico ordine di acquisto potrebbe essere il seguente, visto dal conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</emphasis>.</para>
+ <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei <emphasis>Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>):</para>
- <para><table>
- <title>Schema per acquistare una valuta con una transazione suddivisa</title>
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><emphasis>Account</emphasis></entry>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
- <entry><emphasis>Deposit</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
- <entry><emphasis>Withdrawal</emphasis></entry>
- </row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
- <row>
- <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank</entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
- <entry/>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <entry>Invested Amount</entry>
- </row>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
- <row>
- <entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX</entry>
+ <entry>€20.000</entry>
- <entry>Exchange Fee</entry>
+ <entry>€10.000</entry>
+ </row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
- <row>
- <entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX</entry>
+ <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
- <entry>Invested Amount - Exchange Fee</entry>
+ <entry>€100.000</entry>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>You should get an Exchange Rate window popping up when you
- leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
- window does not pop up, right click on the row, and select <guilabel>Edit
- Exchange Rate</guilabel>. In the Exchange Rate window you specify the
- exchange rate you got from the bank.</para>
- </sect2>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
- <sect2 id="currency_invest13">
- <title>Vendere un investimento in valuta</title>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <para>Entering a currency sale is done in the same way as
- a currency buy except that you are now transferring money from the Currency
- account to your Savings account (very similar to <xref linkend="invest-sell1"/>).</para>
+ <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
- <para>La registrazione corretta della vendita di valuta DEVE essere effettuata utilizzando una transazione suddivisa. In questa, si deve contabilizzare il profitto (o la perdita) come proveniente da un conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni in capitale</emphasis> (o da <emphasis>Uscite:Perdite in capitale</emphasis>). Per bilanciare questa entrata, sarà necessario inserire la valuta due volte nella suddivisione: una volta per registrare la vendita (utilizzando il saldo corretto e il tasso di cambio corretto) e un’altra volta per bilanciare il profitto in entrata (impostando l’importo a 0).</para>
+ <entry>€20.000</entry>
- <para>In breve, una transazione di vendita per la valuta, dovrebbe assomigliare a quella riportata più sotto, vista di nuovo dal conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</emphasis>.</para>
+ <entry>€10.000</entry>
+ </row>
- <table>
- <title>Schema per la vendita di valuta con una transazione suddivisa</title>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <entry><emphasis>Deposito</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry>€10.000</entry>
- <entry><emphasis>Prelievo</emphasis></entry>
- </row>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</entry>
+ <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €120.000 ed €20.000.</para>
+ </listitem>
- <entry>Importo venduto - Imposta di cambio</entry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis>Sovrastima</emphasis> dei guadagni non realizzati.</para>
- <entry/>
- </row>
+ <para>Si supponga di riuscire a vendere il quadro a un prezzo superiore alle proprie più rosee previsioni: €150.000. Il plusvalore è, di nuovo, trattato come un guadagno, cioè un’entrata.</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX</entry>
+ <para>Le transazioni dovrebbero apparire come nell’immagine seguente (si osservi che l’ultima transazione che bilancia i conti dei guadagni non realizzati):</para>
- <entry>Imposta di cambio</entry>
+ <para><table>
+ <title>Convertire un guadagno accumulato in un guadagno realizzato</title>
- <entry/>
- </row>
+ <tgroup cols="4">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Trasferimento a</emphasis></entry>
- <entry/>
+ <entry><emphasis>Importo della transazione</emphasis></entry>
- <entry>Importo venduto</entry>
- </row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Totale del conto</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX</entry>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <entry>[PERDITA]</entry>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</entry>
- <entry>UTILE</entry>
- </row>
+ <entry>€50.000</entry>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry>
+ <entry>€-20.000</entry>
+ </row>
- <entry>PROFITTO (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0)</entry>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Costo</entry>
- <entry>[PERDITA (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0) ]</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
+ <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ <entry>€100.000</entry>
- <sect1 id="currency_reconcile1">
- <title>Riconciliare gli estratti conto in valuta estera (come fare)</title>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
- <para>La riconciliazione degli estratti conto in valuta estera, avviene con le stesse modalità attraverso le quali si opera la riconciliazione del proprio conto bancario in valuta locale. Se è stata creata una struttura dei conti che permette di avere la stessa valuta dell’estratto conto anche per il conto, allora il procedimento è esattamente lo stesso della riconciliazione del proprio conto bancario in valuta locale a parte il fatto che potrebbe essere utile un dizionario (!).</para>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <para>Se si hanno diverse valute, si dovranno convertire manualmente gli importi tra una valuta e l’altra, mentre si riconciliano i conti.</para>
- </sect1>
+ <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
- <sect1 id="currency_examples1">
- <title>In pratica</title>
+ <entry>€50.000</entry>
- <para>In questa sezione verrà mostrato un esempio in cui saranno utilizzate le nozioni descritte fino a questo punto, con un livello di complessità maggiore dovuto all’utilizzo di valute multiple.</para>
+ <entry>€-20.000</entry>
+ </row>
- <sect2>
- <title>Scenario di base</title>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <para>Di seguito sono riportate le ipotesi assunte per l’esempio. Si supponga quindi di:</para>
+ <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Degas:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>vivere in Italia e di utilizzare l’Euro (EUR) come valuta predefinita;</para>
- </listitem>
+ <entry>€20.000</entry>
- <listitem>
- <para>aver vinto la lotteria e di aver ereditato del denaro;</para>
- </listitem>
+ <entry>€0</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table></para>
- <listitem>
- <para>You pay off your existing house loan</para>
+ <para>Questo porta i saldi dei conti <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> e <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati</emphasis> a un totale rispettivamente di €150.000 ed €50.000.</para>
</listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
- <listitem>
- <para>You purchase some stock in Sweden using SEK (Ericsson
- B-Fria)</para>
- </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="capgain_tax1">
+ <title>Tassazione</title>
- <listitem>
- <para>You purchase some stock in HK using HKD (Beijing
- Airport)</para>
- </listitem>
+ <para>Le politiche di tassazione variano considerevolmente fra un paese e un altro, quindi è virtualmente impossibile pronunciarsi in modo valido universalmente. Comunque, è possibile affermare che comunemente le entrate generate dai guadagni in conto capitale non sono soggette a tassazione fino al momento in cui il bene viene venduto e a volte nemmeno in questo momento. I proprietari di case nel Nord America, normalmente si ritrovano a non dover pagare nessuna tassa per il guadagno in capitale che ottengono dalla vendita. Altri paesi invece trattano la vendita delle case in modo differente: le autorità tedesche, per esempio, tassano i guadagni in capitale derivanti dalla vendita di una casa, solamente se si è stati proprietari per meno di dieci anni.</para>
- <listitem>
- <para>You purchase some stock in US using USD (Amazon)</para>
- </listitem>
+ <para>Chris Browne ha una storia da raccontare relativa a quando era un professionista della preparazione delle tasse; una famiglia che aveva venduto una fattoria, si aspettava una considerevole somma di tasse da pagare che però in realtà , furono quasi nulle per il fatto che avevano ottenuto la proprietà prima del 1971 (in cui è stabilita una data critica per le valutazioni in Canada) e dato che la fattoria era anche un caseificio per cui erano possibili alcune particolari deduzioni. La morale di questa storia è che mentre qui è stato mostrato in modo semplice, la tassazione può divenire molto complicata...</para>
+ </sect1>
+</chapter>
- <!--
- <listitem>
- <para>You invest in Chinese Reminbi</para>
- </listitem>
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.4.0
+ Last modified: March 16th 2010
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Updated Bengt Thuree <bengt at thuree.com>
+ Updated Geert Janssens <janssens-geert at telenet.be>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
-->
+<chapter id="chapter_currency">
+ <title>Valute multiple</title>
- <listitem>
- <para>prestare una certa somma in Dollari Australiani (AUD) a un amico (Jack);</para>
- </listitem>
+ <para>This chapter will show how to set up <application>GnuCash</application> accounts to use
+ multiple currencies.</para>
- <listitem>
- <para>chiedere del denaro in prestito da una banca Giapponese;</para>
- </listitem>
+ <sect1 id="currency_concepts1">
+ <title>Concetti base</title>
- <listitem>
- <para>acquistare una casa in Nuova Zelanda;</para>
- </listitem>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> supports over a hundred currencies, from the Andorran Franc
+ to the Zimbabwe Dollar. For example, you can have a bank account set up in Euros, and
+ another using Hong Kong Dollars.</para>
- <listitem>
- <para>utilizzare una carta di credito in Italia;</para>
- </listitem>
+ <para>Alcuni dei problemi che sorgono quando si utilizzano più valute, hanno a che fare con il trasferimento di fondi tra conti con diversa valuta, con il calcolo del valore totale di conti che hanno valute diverse e con la preparazione dei resoconti con valute miste.</para>
- <listitem>
- <para>voler raggiungere il massimo controllo possibile delle uscite.</para>
- </listitem>
+ <note>
+ <para>An alternative way to manage multiple currency accounts from the one
+ presented in the next sections, is to use the <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts
+ capabilities of <application>GnuCash</application>. This feature, which was
+ introduced with <application>GnuCash</application> version 2.3.14, can be enabled by
+ going to the <guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab under <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
+ Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ <para>For a complete guide on <guilabel>trading</guilabel> accounts, see
+ <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">
+ this tutorial by Peter Selinger</ulink>.</para>
+ </note>
+ </sect1>
- </itemizedlist>
- <note>
- <para>Again these examples are not intended as valid and
- accurate advice. They are only to be considered as an example for
- the techniques used in <application>GnuCash</application>, and not as Investment Advice.
- Please consult a proper financial advisor for more information
- regarding international investments/loans.</para>
- </note>
+ <sect1 id="currency_acct1">
+ <title>Impostare i conti</title>
+ <para>Your default account currency is set in the <guilabel>Account</guilabel> tab
+ under <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
+ (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X).</para>
+
+ <para>Similarly, <application>GnuCash</application> offers an option to
+ set your preferred currency for displaying reports (like the balance
+ sheet and income statement). The option is called <guilabel>Default
+ Report Currency</guilabel>, and is in the <guilabel>Reports</guilabel>
+ tab of the <guilabel>GnuCash Preferences</guilabel> screen.
+ You’ll want to set both options when you start using
+ <application>GnuCash</application> because if (for example) your accounts
+ are all in Canadian Dollars but the generated reports are all in US
+ Dollars, the reports will just say that there are <quote>no
+ data/transactions (or only zeroes) for the selected time
+ period</quote>.</para>
+
+ <para>When you create a new account, you have the option to define the
+ commodity in which that account is denominated. For accounts denominated
+ in a currency, you can specify any of the currencies supported by <application>GnuCash</application>
+ by simply selecting it from the currency commodity list. You will notice
+ that the default currency is the currency that is defined for the parent
+ account of the new account.</para>
+
+ <para>As an example, let’s set up a bank account scenario where
+ you mostly work in US Dollars, but do also have a European bank account
+ using the Euro currency, as well as one bank account in Hong Kong using
+ Hong Kong Dollars. So, set up 3 bank accounts, one denominated in US Dollars,
+ one using Euros, and the third in Hong Kong Dollars. One possible account
+ structure for this would be:</para>
- </sect2>
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets (USD)
+ -Current Assets (USD)
+ -US Bank (USD)
+ -European Bank (EUR)
+ -HK Bank (HKD)
+-Equity (USD)
+ -Opening Balances (USD)
+ -USD (USD)
+ -EUR (EUR)
+ -HKD (HKD)
- <sect2>
- <title>Configurare i conti</title>
+Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
+ </literallayout>
- <para>Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent
- accounts are set to USD. Of course, if you mostly work in Euros, you could
- change the currency of these parent accounts to EUR. The totals shown in
- the account tree window will always be converted to the currency of each
- particular account. Notice, we also set up 3 Starting Balances equity
- accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.</para>
+ <para>This time let’s start with a fresh and new <application>GnuCash</application> data file, so
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>New File</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and edit
+ preferences (<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X)
+ to set Default Currency as AUD. Since you have
+ decided to be able to track as much detail of your income and expenses
+ as possible, the following account hierarchy could be used;</para>
- <literallayout>
-Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio (EUR)
- </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ <para>You could also set up just a single Starting Balance account and
+ use a currency transfer to populate the <quote>different currency</quote> accounts.
+ However, this is more advanced option, which is explained in a later
+ section (<xref linkend="currency_purchase2"/>).</para>
+ </note>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
+ <para>Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with
+ USD 10,000, EUR 10,000 as well as HKD 10,000 in the three bank accounts.
+ Notice that the total of the parent accounts only shows the value of the
+ currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies. In other words, the
+ Total Assets and Total Equity values only reflect USD amounts, because <application>GnuCash</application>
+ has no way of evaluating the value of EUR or HKD yet. Once you set up
+ exchange rates between the currencies, the parent accounts
+ will calculate the converted value of all sub-accounts. See the later
+ section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1"/>) on ways to do this.</para>
+ <screenshot id="currency_main1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <sect2>
- <title>Bilancio di apertura</title>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <caption><para>Impostazione iniziale di 3 conti bancari con valute multiple.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <para>You open the mail one morning, and to your enormous surprise find
+ that you are the last living relative of a very distant relative who
+ happened to be very rich. And so, now you are $500,000 AUD richer. That was not
+ all though; another item in the mail states that you won the lottery, and got $250,000
+ AUD for that. </para>
+
+ <para>Per registrare queste transazioni, sono necessari i seguenti conti:</para>
+ <literallayout>
+ Equity:Lottery (AUD)
+ Equity:Inheritance (AUD)
+ </literallayout>
+ <para>Si noti che la colonna <guilabel>Totale (Resoconto)</guilabel> è visualizzata. Questa opzione è configurabile facendo clic sulla <guibutton>freccia giù</guibutton> nella riga di intestazione delle colonne e selezionando <quote>Totale(EUR)</quote>.</para>
- <para>Le transazioni da inserire nel proprio conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> dovrebbero essere come queste:</para>
+ <sect2 id="currency_acct_user2">
+ <title>Valute definite dall’utente</title>
- <table>
- <title>Ricevere del denaro extra</title>
+ <para>Usually when we talk about currencies, we mean
+ government-backed currencies (or more precisely, currencies defined
+ in <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink>).
+ <application>GnuCash</application> does not allow you to create your
+ own currencies. If you want to track non-<acronym>ISO</acronym>
+ currencies, you can use either of two workarounds, depending on which
+ fits your needs better.</para>
+
+ <para>The first method is is to treat these as if they were a security—that
+ is, like a stock or mutual fund. The second method is to use one of the <quote>dummy</quote>
+ currencies for them.</para>
+
+ <para>Let’s say for example that you want to track loyalty points
+ you’ve earned by buying from a certain group of businesses. The
+ account which tracks your loyalty points will be
+ <emphasis>Assets:Other:LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>In the first method, you define a new security, of type <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>,
+ called RewardMiles. This is pretty straightforward—when you
+ create the new <emphasis>LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles</emphasis> account, just set the account
+ type to <guilabel>Stock</guilabel> or <guilabel>Mutual
+ Fund</guilabel>, click the <guibutton>Select...</guibutton> button
+ next to the <guilabel>Security/currency:</guilabel> box, and click
+ <guibutton>New</guibutton> to define a new security of type
+ <guilabel>FUND</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <para>This is not really what the stock and mutual fund account types
+ are meant for, but <application>GnuCash</application> will allow it. The downside is
+ that you’ll have to enter a <quote>price</quote> for every
+ transaction involving this account, because
+ <application>GnuCash</application> needs the prices to figure out the
+ monetary value of the points and treat them as one of your
+ assets.</para>
+
+ <para>In the second method, you use one of the dummy
+ currencies to track the loyalty points. These currencies are
+ <quote>XTS (Code for testing purposes)</quote> and <quote>XXX (No
+ currency)</quote>. If you use one of these for your
+ LoyaltyGroupRewardMiles account, you can enter transactions into the
+ account without having to enter share prices for every transaction.
+ And, you can keep using the same two dummy currencies to track all
+ sorts of amounts—vacation dollars earned and used so far this
+ year, vacation hours earned and used, health insurance benefits
+ allowance used and remaining, and so on.</para>
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Conto</entry>
+ <para>The drawback with this second method is that you cannot define exchange rates for
+ the dummy currencies to convert them to <acronym>ISO</acronym>
+ currencies. If you want to do that, you really should use the first
+ method.</para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
- <entry>Aumento</entry>
+ <sect1 id="currency_howto1">
+ <title>Recording and Updating Currency Exchange Rates</title>
- <entry>Diminuzione</entry>
- </row>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates
+ both manually and automatically. This process is essentially the
+ same as setting share prices for investments (see <xref linkend="invest-stockprice1"/>).
+ In the following two sections we will work through both methods.</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Equity:Lottery</entry>
+ <para>Prima di iniziare, è bene dare uno sguardo alla struttura dei conti</para>
- <entry>€250,000</entry>
+ <screenshot id="currency_main1a">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <entry/>
- </row>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Impostazione iniziale di un conto bancario con valute multiple</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <row>
- <entry>Equity:Inheritance</entry>
+ <caption><para>Initial set up of 3 bank accounts with different
+ currencies. </para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ <para>As you see, the overall balances do not yet reflect any value for EUR
+ or HKD holdings. Adding currency exchange rates will fix this.</para>
- <entry>€500,000</entry>
+ <sect2 id="currency_howto_Manual">
+ <title>Aggiornare manualmente i tassi di cambio</title>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
+ <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
- <para>E la struttura dei conti dovrebbe assomigliare a questa dopo l’inserimento delle transazioni descritte più sopra.</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterMoney.png">
+ <screenshot id="currency_peditor">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AfterMoney.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
@@@ -9150,119 -9753,72 +10751,129 @@@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
+ <para>Click on the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add a new
+ currency exchange rate. A window will appear in which you can set up a new
+ exchange rate. This window should appear like this:</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_addcurr">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_addcurr.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
- </imageobject>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Acquistare una casa</title>
+
+ <para>At last you can afford to pay off that house loan you had to take some years ago
+ (with a $50,000 deposit).</para>
- <literallayout>
-Attività :Beni immobili:Casa (EUR) €300.000
-Passività :Prestiti:Mutuo (EUR) €250.000
-Uscite:Interessi:Interessi mutuo (EUR)
-Capitali:Bilanci d’apertura (EUR) €50.000
- </literallayout>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Set up Euro Exchange Rate</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <para>After you have had a small chat with your Mortgage bank, they
- agree to let you pay it all off in one go, plus some interest (AUD
- 30,000). You should enter the following split transaction into
- <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:House</emphasis> account.</para>
+ <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <table>
- <title>Pagare il mutuo sulla casa</title>
+ <para> Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to
+ Currency and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to EUR (Euro).
+ Then set the exchange rate between the selected security and the
+ selected currency. The price box defines how many units of currency are
+ required to purchase one unit of the security. In this case, how many dollars
+ it will take to purchase on Euro. In this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1
+ EUR for 1 USD.</para>
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Conto</entry>
+ <screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <entry>Aumento</entry>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry>Diminuzione</entry>
- </row>
+ <caption><para>La Finestra dell’editor prezzi dopo aver impostato il tasso di cambio tra Euro e dollaro USA</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+ <screenshot id="currency_main2">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <entry/>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Struttura dei conti</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry>280.000</entry>
- </row>
+ <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo aver impostato il tasso di cambio tra Euro e dollaro USA.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <row>
- <entry>Uscite:Interessi:Interessi mutuo</entry>
+ <para>Si osservi che poiché non è stato impostato il tasso di cambio per HKD, <application>&app;</application> non converte l’HKD in EUR. Questo verrà aggiunto nella sezione successiva.</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="currency_howto_Auto">
+ <title>Aggiornare automaticamente i tassi di cambio</title>
- <entry>30.000</entry>
+ <para>In the previous section you saw how to manually define a
+ new currency exchange rate, but <application>GnuCash</application> includes an
+ automatic price update feature, which will now be described.</para>
+
+ <para>Aprire l’<guilabel>editor prezzi</guilabel> andando in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_BeforeGetOnline">
+ <entry/>
+ </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Passività :Prestiti:Mutuo</entry>
++ </tbody>
++ </tgroup>
++ </table>
+
- <entry>250.000</entry>
++ <para>Il libro mastro della transazione per il conto <emphasis>Passività :Prestiti:Mutuo</emphasis> si presenta così dopo l’inserimento delle transazioni:</para>
++
++ <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi prima di ottenere le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per caricare automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
+
+ <note><para>Se il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> è disabilitato, significa che il modulo di <application>Perl</application> <application>Finance::Quote</application> non è installato. Per informazioni su come installarlo, consultare <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"/></para></note>
+
+ <para><screenshot id="currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Finestra dell’editor prezzi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Finestra dell’editor prezzi dopo aver ottenuto le quotazioni online.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot></para>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> downloads exchange rates for all
+ currencies that are in use in your various accounts. This will happen
+ every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or request <application>GnuCash</application>
+ to download quotes as per <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2"/></para>
- <para>Il libro mastro della transazione per il conto <emphasis>Passività :Prestiti:Mutuo</emphasis> si presenta così dopo l’inserimento delle transazioni:</para>
+ <para>Now when you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that
+ <application>GnuCash</application> has automatically converted the HKD amount to USD amount on the
+ parent accounts that are in USD, as well as on the Total (USD) column.
+ Also the Euro accounts have been been updated with the latest exchange
+ rate.</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png">
+ <screenshot id="currency_main3.png">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Geert Janssens"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
@@@ -9273,198 -9828,156 +10884,206 @@@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="currency_howto_disable">
+ <title>Come disabilitare il recupero della valuta</title>
+ <para>Ogni volta che si crea un conto che utilizza una valuta diversa da quella predefinita, verrà automaticamente abilitata la ricezione delle quotazioni online per quella stessa valuta. Comunque, se in seguito il conto viene cancellato, <application>&app;</application> non disabiliterà automaticamente la ricezione delle quotazioni.</para>
+ <para>Quando sarà stato cancellato anche l’ultimo conto con una particolare valuta e non si vorrà ricevere più gli aggiornamenti sulla valuta, procedere nel seguente modo:</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>aprire la finestra dei titoli selezionando <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor titoli</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>assicurarsi che sia attivata l’opzione <guilabel>visualizza le valute Nazionali</guilabel>;</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>espandere la riga denominata <guilabel>CURRENCY</guilabel>;</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>fare doppio clic sulla valuta per cui si desidera disabilitare la ricezione delle quotazioni;</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Deselect the <guilabel>Get Online Quotes</guilabel> box and
+ click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
- <sect2>
- <title>Purchasing Stock</title>
-
- <para>Since you quite suddenly have a lot of money in your bank account,
- you decide to visit a Financial Advisor, and after his recommendation
- (remember, this is fictional - not genuine stock purchase advice) you
- decide to purchase Telecommunication (Ericsson in Sweden), Beijing
- Airport (Hong Kong), and Amazon (USA).</para>
-
- <para>The needed accounts to track these investments look like
- this:</para>
-
- <literallayout>
-Attività :Investimenti:Brocker Svedese:ERIC.ST (STOCK ERIC.ST Yahoo)
-Attività :Investimenti:Brocker Svedese:Banca (SEK)
-Attività :Investimenti:Brocker HK:0694.HK (STOCK 0694.HK Yahoo)
-Attività :Investimenti:Brocker HK:Banca (HKD)
-Attività :Investimenti:Brocker US:AMZN (STOCK AMZN Nasdaq)
-Attività :Investimenti:Brocker US:Banca (USD)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Brocker Svedese:ERIC.ST (SEK)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Brocker HK:0694.HK (HKD)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Commissioni:Brocker US:AMZN (USD)
-Uscite:Investimenti:Trasferimento di valuta (EUR)
-</literallayout>
-
- <para>Si decide di investire €100.000 in ogni titolo; per farlo è prima necessario eseguire una transazione di valuta ai vari conti bancari associati alle azioni.</para>
-
- <para>La transazione da inserire nel conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> è la seguente:</para>
-
- <table>
- <title>Trasferire del denaro oltreoceano con una suddivisione in valuta multipla.</title>
-
- <tgroup cols="5">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Conto</entry>
-
- <entry>Deposito</entry>
-
- <entry>Prelievo</entry>
+ <sect1 id="currency_purchase1">
+ <title>Recording Purchases in a Foreign Currency</title>
- <entry>Tasso di cambio</entry>
+ <para>Purchases in a foreign currency can be managed in two different ways.</para>
- <entry>Costo della transazione</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>1) Use <application>GnuCash</application>'s built-in currency exchange functions when you
+ do your transactions. This is mainly used for one-time transactions, and
+ nothing which happens regularly.</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Brocker Svedese:Banca</entry>
+ <para>2) Use separate accounts to track transactions, where all involved
+ accounts use the same currency. This is the recommended method, since it
+ allows much better tracking and follow up. In this way, you do one
+ currency exchange transaction, and after that you do normal
+ transactions in the native currency.</para>
- <entry>100.000</entry>
+ <para>The rest of this section will explain more based upon option 2).</para>
- <entry/>
+ <sect2 id="currency_purchase2">
+ <title>Purchase of an Asset with Foreign Currency</title>
- <entry>5,5869</entry>
+ <para>You are using USD as your default currency. But, you decide to purchase a
+ boat in Jamaica. To do this, you opened a bank account in Jamaica, moved some
+ money from the US, and then purchased your boat.</para>
- <entry>35</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>To record this in <application>GnuCash</application> we use the following basic account
+ structure:</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Brocker HK:Banca</entry>
+ <literallayout>
+-Assets (USD)
+ -Current Assets (USD)
+ -US Bank (USD)
+ -Jamaican Bank (JMD)
+ -Fixed Assets (USD)
+ -Boat (JMD)
+-Equity (USD)
+ -Opening Balances (USD)
+ -USD (USD)
- <entry>100.000</entry>
+Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
+ </literallayout>
- <entry/>
+ <para>First you need to transfer some money ($10,000) to Jamaica, and
+ you use your US bank account (with a balance of $100,000) for
+ that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of USD 1 = JMD 64, but charges
+ you USD 150 to transfer the money.</para>
- <entry>5,8869</entry>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <entry>30</entry>
- </row>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Trasferimento di valuta</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Brocker USD:Banca</entry>
+ <caption><para>Trasferimento di denaro in Jamaica</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry>100.000</entry>
+ <para>Selezionare la riga della transazione in Jamaica (€9.850,00), premere il tasto destro del mouse e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel></para>
- <entry/>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Modifica tasso di cambio</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <entry>0,7593</entry>
- <entry>25</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
+ <caption><para>La finestra in cui viene specificato il tasso di cambio per una transazione in valuta</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <para>As Exchange Rate, you enter 1 USD = 64 JMD, since this is the rate
+ your bank gave. Press ok in the Transfer Funds (Edit Exchange Rate)
+ window, and then save this split transaction. Below is how it now looks
+ in the main Chart of Accounts.</para>
- <para>Now when there is some money in the various stock brokerage
- accounts, you ask each broker to buy shares of stock for the specified amount.
- Remember to execute the transaction from the bank account associated with the
- stock, and if the Exchange Rate window does not pop up, right click the
- row and manually select it. Enter the number of shares you purchase in
- the last entry (To Amount:).</para>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <para>
- <table>
- <title>Acquistare azioni oltreoceano</title>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Struttura dei conti prima dell’acquisto della barca</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <tgroup cols="4">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Simbolo azione</entry>
+ <caption><para>Struttura dei conti prima dell’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry>Numero di quote</entry>
+ <para>You choose to buy a boat for JMD 509,000. To record this transaction
+ in <application>GnuCash</application>, you will need to enter a simple
+ transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis>
+ withdrawing JMD 509,000 and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed Assets:Boat</emphasis></para>
- <entry>Importo</entry>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <entry>Commissionie</entry>
- </row>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <row>
- <entry>ERIC.ST</entry>
+ <caption><para>Struttura dei conti dopo l’acquisto della barca</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ <para>The Chart of Accounts now reflects that your bank account has been
+ reduced by JMD 509,000, and that your Fixed Assets boat account has been
+ increased by the same amount. If you also have turned
+ on the CoA (Column Choice) "Total (USD)" you will see the corresponding
+ value in USD. The USD value will always reflect the latest currency exchange
+ rate you have either automatically or manually retrieved.</para>
+ </sect2>
- <entry>15.000</entry>
+ <sect2 id="currency_purchase3">
+ <title>Purchasing Foreign Stocks</title>
- <entry>270.000</entry>
+ <para>This example will show how to purchase stocks that are priced in a
+ currency other than your primary currency.</para>
- <entry>400</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>Assume that you live in New York and therefore you have set the
+ default currency to USD. You decide to purchase a stock traded in Hong
+ Kong that is priced in HKD. You would also like to be able to track the
+ various income and expense amounts per stock and broker.</para>
- <row>
- <entry>0694.HK</entry>
+ <para>You decide to purchase stock in the Beijing Airport (Hong Kong).
+ The ticker for this stock is 0694.HK on Yahoo! Since you wanted to
+ track all various income and expense amounts, here is the necessary
+ account structure:</para>
- <entry>70.000</entry>
+ <literallayout>
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.HK (0694.HK)
+Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank (HKD)
+Equity:Opening Balances:HKD (HKD)
+Expenses:Commissions:Boom.0694.HK (HKD)
+Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
+ </literallayout>
- <entry>280.000</entry>
+ <para>La struttura dei conti assomiglia a questa dopo la creazione di tutti i conti necessari:</para>
- <entry>300</entry>
- </row>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <row>
- <entry>AMZN</entry>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <entry>1.000</entry>
+ <caption><para>Struttura dei conti per azioni internazionali</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <entry>32.000</entry>
+ <para>Le informazioni sull’azione sono visualizzabili nell’editor titoli (<menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenu>Editor titoli</guimenu></menuchoice>):</para>
- <screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png">
+ <entry>25</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>As you can see in the Chart of Accounts, you have now purchased shares of stock in three
+ different currencies (HK, USD, as well as in SEK), but the Chart of Account (as seen below)
+ does not indicate how much they are valued in your home currency, AUD.</para>
+ <screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_PutTogether_AfterStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
@@@ -9475,196 -9987,129 +11094,194 @@@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
- <para>The next section will ensure you get the various exchange rates so that <application>GnuCash</application> can show your
- total worth in the local currency (AUD in this case),</para>
- </sect2>
+ <para>If you have not moved money (HKD 50,000) into the brokerage
+ cash account (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), do so
+ now, either using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account
+ (Currency Transfer).</para>
- <sect2>
- <title>Ricevere le quotazioni online</title>
+ <para>There are two ways to enter the actual purchase transaction: you can
+ enter it from the cash account (shown below), or you can enter it
+ from the stock account. <emphasis>If entered from the stock account, the stock is
+ assumed to be priced in the currency of the parent account</emphasis>.</para>
- <para>Per ricevere i tassi di cambio e le quotazioni azionarie attuali, andare in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice> e premere poi il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton>.</para>
+ <para>Let’s assume that the stock price is HKD 3 per share. To record the
+ purchase, open the brokerage’s HKD cash account
+ (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</emphasis>), and enter
+ the following:</para>
+<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Buy Stocks</bridgehead>
+<informaltable frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colwidth="3*" align="left"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="1*" align="left"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="1*" align="right"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Account:Boom:Bank</entry><entry>Prelievo</entry><entry>50,000</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Expenses:Investments:Commission:Boom_HKD</entry><entry>Deposito</entry><entry>500</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Brokerage
+ Account:Boom:0694</entry><entry>Deposito</entry><entry>49,500
+ (16,500 shares)</entry></row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+</informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
+ <para>Se non viene visualizzata automaticamente la finestra del <guilabel>Tasso di cambio</guilabel>, fare clic con il tasto destro del mouse nella riga dell’azione e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel>. Nella finestra che verrà aperta, inserire il numero di azioni (16.500) nel campo <guilabel>Trasferisci a:</guilabel></para>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
- <sect2>
- <title>Prestare denaro a un amico</title>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Trasferimento di fondi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
- <para>Peter sta attraversando un periodo difficile oltreoceano. Dato che è un caro amico, si decide di aiutarlo con un prestito personale di 40.000 AUD.</para>
+ <caption><para>Impostazione del numero di quote nella finestra del trasferimento fondi</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <para>
- <literallayout>
-Attività :Denaro prestato:Peter (AUD)
-Entrate:Interessi in entrata:Peter (AUD)
-Uscite:Spese bancarie (EUR)
- </literallayout>
- </para>
- <para>Si tratta di una semplice transazione dal proprio conto dei risparmi (EUR), al conto Attività :Denaro prestato:Peter (AUD). Sia il tasso di cambio pari a 0,606161 (prelievo di EUR 65.989,10) e la spesa per il servizio di 35 EUR.</para>
- </sect2>
+ <para>When you return to the Chart of Accounts, you will see the
+ purchased shares reflected in the stock account’s total.</para>
- <sect2>
- <title>Comprare una proprietà in Nuova Zelanda con un prestito in Giappone</title>
+ <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Azioni Internazionali acquistate</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ <caption><para>Struttura dei conti con alcune azioni Internazionali</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
- <para>Your long-time Japanese friend offers you a Japanese house loan if
- you purchase a property overseas, with only AUD 50,000 as deposit. After
- having discussed this with your Financial Advisor in Australia and gone
- through the various risks and benefits related to your situation, you
- decide to accept his offer. </para>
+ <para>Come si può vedere, il totale in Euro potrebbe essere zero se non è stato impostato alcun tasso di cambio tra EUR e HKD. Per porvi rimedio, andare in <menuchoice><guimenu>Strumenti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Editor prezzi</guimenuitem></menuchoice> e premere il pulsante <guibutton>Ricevi quotazioni</guibutton> per far sì che <application>&app;</application> recuperi automaticamente i vari tassi di cambio di cui si ha bisogno.</para>
<note>
- <para>Again, this should not be taken as financial advice. Please
- consult with a registered financial advisor before undertaking
- investing (or speculating) in overseas markets, or local markets for
- that matter.</para>
-
- <para>A word of warning might be of interest here, taking a loan
- overseas for a very low interest rate might seem like a very good
- deal. Do keep in mind though that the exchange rate might change and
- can change drastically. If you take a loan in your local currency, you
- only have to worry about the interest rate. If you take a loan overseas,
- you then have to worry about the interest rate and the exchange rate.
- </para>
+ <para>To reiterate, this example shows how stock can be purchased in any currency
+ by entering the transaction in the register of the cash account used
+ to make payment. It is also possible to enter the purchase
+ in the stock account’s register, but be aware that the stock is
+ assumed to be priced in the currency of the stock account’s parent.</para>
+ <para>In questo esempio, il conto padre (<emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Conto brockeraggio:Boom</emphasis>) è impostato in HKD. Dato che si tratta della stessa valuta con cui viene espresso il prezzo dell’azione, l’acquisto può essere inserito tranquillamente nel registro del conto dell’azione.</para>
</note>
- <para>Si immagini di aver trovato una piccola e confortevole villetta in una cittadina costiera vicino ad Auckland che potrebbe essere una casa estiva perfetta, e si decida di utilizzare il denaro in Giappone per acquistarla.</para>
-
- <para>Per questo esempio occorrono i seguenti conti:</para>
-
- <literallayout>
-Passività :Prestiti:Prestito Giapponese (JPY)
-Uscite:Interessi:Prestito Giapponese (JPY)
-Uscite:Costi mutuo:Prestito Giapponese (JPY)
-Attività :Attività correnti:Banca Giapponese (JPY)
-Attività :Beni immobili:Casa NZ (NZ)
-</literallayout>
+ </sect2>
- <table>
- <title>Transazione suddivisa per l’acquisto di una casa in NZ</title>
+ </sect1>
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Conto</entry>
+ <sect1 id="currency_invest1">
+ <title>Tracking Currency Investments</title>
- <entry>Aumento</entry>
+ <para>Currency investment is when you decide to invest in a different
+ country's currency, and hope that it will rise in value
+ relative your own currency.</para>
- <entry>Diminuzione</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>When you enter these transactions into <application>GnuCash</application>, you will have to
+ decide on how much detail you would like to have.</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Casa in NZ</entry>
+ <para>If you are not interested in detail at all, a very simple account
+ structure would suffice:</para>
- <entry>300.000 (NZD)</entry>
+ <literallayout>
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:XXX (XXX)
+ </literallayout>
- <entry/>
- </row>
+ <para>You would simply enter transfers between the two accounts, noting
+ exchange rates as you went.</para>
+
+ <para>But, if you do want to be able to track capital gains or losses,
+ as well as any fees, you do need a more complex account structure, such as:</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</entry>
+ <literallayout>
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:Bank (USD)
+ Assets:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX (XXX)
+ Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:XXX (XXX)
+ Income:Investments:Currency Bank:Capital Gains:XXX (XXX)
+ </literallayout>
- <entry/>
+ <sect2 id="currency_invest12">
+ <title>Purchasing Currency</title>
+
+ <para>When purchasing another currency, you will buy a certain number of
+ units of foreign currency with your own currency, at a particular rate.
+ For example, you might buy USD 10,000 worth of Andorran Francs, at 5 Francs
+ to the dollar, with a transaction fee of $150.</para>
+
+ <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Buy Currency</bridgehead>
+ <informaltable frame="none" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colwidth="5*" align="left"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="2*" align="left"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="1*" align="right"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row><entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</entry><entry>Prelievo</entry><entry>10,000</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Expenses:Investments:Currency:Currency Bank:ADF</entry><entry>Deposito</entry><entry>150</entry></row>
+ <row><entry>Assets:Investments:Currency:ADF</entry><entry>Deposito</entry><entry>49,250</entry></row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
- <entry>50.000 (EUR) (1,18926)</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>The Exchange Rate window should pop up when you
+ leave the last row in the split above (Currency Transaction). If this
+ window does not pop up, right click on the row or select
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>, and select <guilabel>Edit
+ Exchange Rate</guilabel>. In the Exchange Rate window you specify the
+ exchange rate you got from the bank.</para>
+ </sect2>
- <row>
- <entry>Passività :Prestiti:Prestito Giapponese</entry>
+ <sect2 id="currency_invest13">
+ <title>Vendere un investimento in valuta</title>
- <entry/>
+ <para>Entering a currency sale is done in the same way as
+ a currency buy except that you are now transferring money from the Currency
+ account to your Savings account (very similar to <xref linkend="invest-sell1"/>).</para>
- <entry>28.000.000 (JPY) (0,0137609)</entry>
- </row>
+ <para>The proper recording of the currency sale *must* account for realized
+ gains or losses. This can be done using a
+ split transaction. In the split transaction, you must account for the
+ profit (or loss) as coming from an <emphasis>Income:Capital Gains</emphasis> account (or
+ <emphasis>Expenses:Capital Loss</emphasis>). To balance this income, you will need to enter
+ the Currency asset twice in the split—once to record the actual sale
+ (using the correct amount and correct exchange rate), and once to balance
+ the income profit (setting the amount to 0).</para>
- <row>
- <entry>Uscite:Costi mutuo:Prestito Giapponese</entry>
+ <para>In breve, una transazione di vendita per la valuta, dovrebbe assomigliare a quella riportata più sotto, vista di nuovo dal conto <emphasis>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</emphasis>.</para>
- <entry>300.000 (JPY) (0,0137609)</entry>
+ <table>
+ <title>Schema per la vendita di valuta con una transazione suddivisa</title>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colwidth="3*" align="left"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="1*" align="center"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="1*" align="center"/>
+ <thead>
+ <row><entry>Conto</entry><entry>Deposito</entry><entry>Prelievo</entry></row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:Banca</entry> <entry>Importo venduto - Imposta di cambio</entry> <entry/> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Uscite:Investimenti:Valuta:Valuta Banca:XXX</entry> <entry>Imposta di cambio</entry> <entry/> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry> <entry/> <entry>Importo venduto</entry> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Entrate:Investimenti:Valuta Banca:Guadagni in capitale:XXX</entry> <entry>[PERDITA]</entry> <entry>UTILE</entry> </row>
+ <row> <entry>Attività :Investimenti:Valuta:XXX</entry> <entry>PROFITTO (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0)</entry> <entry>[PERDITA (con <guilabel>trasferisci a</guilabel> = 0) ]</entry> </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
</table>
+
</sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="currency_reconcile1">
- <title>Reconciling Statements in a Foreign Currency</title>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Come procedere?</title>
+ <para>As you have seen in the above examples you have only done the initial purchases.
+ The rest, that is, various selling transactions and unrealized gains tracking is left for you to
+ ponder.</para>
+ </sect2>
- <para>Reconciling foreign statement are done in the same manner as when
- you reconcile your local bank statement. If you have created a Chart of
- Accounts structure which allows you to have the same currency per account
- as your statement, it is actually exactly the same as
- reconciling your local bank statement.</para>
- <para>Se si hanno diverse valute, si dovranno convertire manualmente gli importi tra una valuta e l’altra, mentre si riconciliano i conti.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
commit 81341e8a1d0e3e3d4b869e4f63902c81b8932305
Author: David T <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
Date: Tue Dec 6 20:21:23 2016 +0500
Revise glossary with better definitions and attribution.
diff --git a/guide/C/gnc-glossary.xml b/guide/C/gnc-glossary.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07b7902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guide/C/gnc-glossary.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: December 6, 2016
+ Author:
+ David T. <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<glossary>
+ <title><application>&app;</application> Glossary</title>
+ <para>This is a glossary of common terms used in <application>&app;</application>.
+ Some entries here are taken from Wikipedia (<ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org"/>).</para>
+
+<!-- ... -->
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_account">
+ <glossterm>Account</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An account keeps track of what you own, owe, spend or receive.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_accountingperiod">
+ <glossterm>Accounting Period</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An accounting period is the period with reference to which accounting
+ books of an entity are prepared. Common accounting
+ periods include month, quarter, and year.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_aqbanking">
+ <glossterm>AqBanking</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A library which implements the German Home Banking Computer Interface
+ (HBCI) and Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard (EBICS), OFX
+ Direct Connect and Paypal. It is the successor of openHBCI.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_asset">
+ <glossterm>Asset</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An asset is something you own. Anything tangible or intangible that
+ can be owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have
+ positive economic value is considered an asset.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_balancesheet">
+ <glossterm>Balance Sheet</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A Balance Sheet is a summary of the financial balances of an individual
+ or organization. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and ownership
+ equity at a specific point in time.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_book">
+ <glossterm>Book</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A book is a record of all transactions for an individual or organization. In
+ <application>&app;</application>, each file contains a book.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_capgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Capital Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The difference between the purchase and selling prices of an investment
+ at the time the investment is sold. Also known as
+ <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>. Before an investment
+ is sold, the difference in value is referred to as
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_realgainloss">Realized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_capstock">
+ <glossterm>Capital stock</glossterm>
+ <glosssee otherterm="gnc-gl_stock">Stock</glosssee>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_chartofaccounts">
+ <glossterm>Chart of Accounts</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A listing of all the accounts available in the data file. The chart
+ of accounts consists of balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities,
+ stockholders' equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses,
+ gains, losses).</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commission">
+ <glossterm>Commission</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The fee paid to a broker to buy or sell securities.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commodity">
+ <glossterm>Commodity</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A commodity is something of value that is easily tradeable or sellable;
+ for example, currencies, stocks, bonds, grain, copper, and oil are all commodities.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commonstock">
+ <glossterm>Common stock</glossterm>
+ <glosssee otherterm="gnc-gl_stock">Stock</glosssee>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_compounding">
+ <glossterm>Compounding</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The concept that the reinvested interest can later earn interest of
+ its own (interest on interest). This is often referred to as <emphasis>compound
+ interest</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_costbasis">
+ <glossterm>Cost Basis</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Cost basis is the original cost of property, adjusted for various factors.
+ Its primary use is for tax purposes. Factors that affect the cost basis include:
+ stock splits, dividends, depreciation and return of capital distributions.
+ Cost basis is used to determine the <emphasis>capital gain</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_csv">
+ <glossterm>CSV</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Stands for Comma Separated Values. CSV files are used to store data
+ in plain text. Each line of the file is a record and each record can be
+ comprised of multiple fields separated by commas. CSV is one import format
+ that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_dividends">
+ <glossterm>Dividends</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Dividends are cash payments a company makes to shareholders. The
+ amount of this payment is usually determined as some amount of the profits
+ of the company. Not all common stocks give dividends.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_equities">
+ <glossterm>Equities</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Equities are investments in which the investor becomes part (or whole)
+ owner in something.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_fints">
+ <glossterm>Financial Transaction Services (FinTS)</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A banking protocol used by German banks. Developed by the German Central
+ Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). The standard is used
+ only by German banks. Prior 2002, it was called Home Banking Computer
+ Interface (HBCI). FinTS is one import format that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_hbci">Home Computer Banking Interface (HBCI)</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_gsettings">
+ <glossterm>GSettings</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Since version 2.5 the tool that stores user configuration data. It
+ uses the native data store of the operating system:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Linux</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>DConf since Gnome 3.0 dropped GConf</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Mac OS X</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>Defaults. Use the command-line defaults(1) to modify
+ prefs when GnuCash isn't running.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Windows</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>Registry.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_hbci">
+ <glossterm>Home Computer Banking Interface (HBCI)</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A bank-independent online banking protocol used by German banks. Home
+ Banking Computer Interface (HBCI) was developed by the German Central
+ Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). Since 2002, it has
+ been called Financial Transaction Services (FinTS). HBCI is one import
+ format that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_fints">Financial Transaction Services (FinTS)</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_interest">
+ <glossterm>Interest</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>What a borrower pays a lender for the use of their money. Normally,
+ this is expressed in terms of a percentage of the principal per year. For
+ example, a savings account with 1% interest will pay you $1 for every $100
+ you keep deposited per year.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_liability">
+ <glossterm>Liability</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A liability is a debt or obligation that an individual or organization
+ owes.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_libofx">
+ <glossterm>LibOFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An open source library for <emphasis>OFX</emphasis>. It was created by one
+ of the <application>&app;</application> developers, originally to be the
+ OFX interface for <application>&app;</application>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_ofx">OFX</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_liquidity">
+ <glossterm>Liquidity</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A measure of how easily convertible an investment is to cash. Money
+ in a savings account is very liquid, while money invested in a house has
+ low liquidity because it takes time to sell a house.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_lot">
+ <glossterm>Lot</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A lot is a means of grouping a commodity so that you later identify that
+ the item bought in one transaction is the same as one sold in a different
+ transaction. Lots are often implemented with stocks, where capital gain can
+ depend on which item is being sold at a given time.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_mt940">
+ <glossterm>MT940</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A financial information standard defined by SWIFT and used by several
+ European banks. It is also used internally in HBCI. Unfortunately, you can't
+ download the MT940 standard, but some banks publish it on their web sites.
+ MT940 is one import format that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_ofx">
+ <glossterm>OFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Open Financial eXchange format. This is a financial information
+ exchange standard used by many institutions. OFX is one import format
+ that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_pricedb">
+ <glossterm>Price Database</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The price database contains a store of price quotes for stocks, mutual
+ funds, and currencies.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_principal">
+ <glossterm>Principal</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The original amount of money invested or borrowed.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_qfx">
+ <glossterm>QFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Quicken Financial eXchange format is a proprietary financial
+ information exchange standard promoted by Quicken and used by many institutions.
+ QFX is one import format that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_qif">
+ <glossterm>QIF</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Quicken Interchange Format (QIF) is an open specification for
+ reading and writing financial data to files. This is an older format that
+ is still used by many institutions. QIF is one import format
+ that <application>&app;</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_realgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Realized Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The difference between the purchase and selling prices of an investment
+ at the time the investment is sold. Also known as
+ <emphasis>Capital Gain/Loss</emphasis>. Before an investment
+ is sold, the difference in value is referred to as
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_capgainloss">Capital Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_return">
+ <glossterm>Return</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The total income plus capital gains or losses of an investment.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_yield">Yield</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_risk">
+ <glossterm>Risk</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The probability that the return on investment is different from what
+ was expected. Investments are often grouped on a scale from low risk (e.g.,
+ savings accounts or government bonds) to high risk (e.g., common stocks
+ or junk bonds). As a general rule of thumb, the higher the risk, the
+ higher the possible return.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_schedtxn">
+ <glossterm>Scheduled Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Scheduled transactions provide a framework for remembering information
+ about transactions that are set to occur in the future, either once or
+ periodically.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_yield">Yield</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_scheme">
+ <glossterm>Scheme</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Scheme is a functional programming language based on a dialect of LISP.
+ Reports in <application>&app;</application> use the Scheme programming language;
+ thus, users wishing to customize reports must write Scheme.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id="gnc-gl_shareholder">
+ <glossterm>Shareholder</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A shareholder is a person who holds common stock in a company.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_split">
+ <glossterm>Split</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A split, or Ledger Entry, is the fundamental accounting unit.
+ Each split consists of an amount, the value of that amount expressed in a
+ (possibly) different currency, a Memo, a pointer to the parent Transaction,
+ a pointer to the debited Account, a reconciled flag and timestamp, an action
+ field, and a key-value frame which can store arbitrary data.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_stock">
+ <glossterm>Stock</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A security that represents a certain fractional ownership of a company.
+ This is what you buy when you <quote>buy stock</quote> in a company on the
+ open market. This is also sometimes known as <emphasis>capital stock</emphasis>,
+ or <emphasis>common stock</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_stocksplit">
+ <glossterm>Stock split</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Occurs when a company offers to issue some additional multiple of shares
+ for each existing stock. For example, a <quote>2 for 1</quote> stock split
+ means that if you own 100 shares of a stock, you will receive an additional
+ 100 shares at no cost to you. The unit price of the shares will usually be
+ adjusted so there is no net change in the value, so in this example the
+ price per share will be halved. Note that such transactions affect the cost
+ basis per share owned.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_transaction">
+ <glossterm>Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A transaction consists of a date, a description, an ID number, a list
+ of one or more splits, and a key-value frame. Transactions embody the notion
+ of "double entry" accounting.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Unrealized gain or loss is the difference in value between a purchase
+ price and the current value of a given asset. These gains remain unrealized
+ until the asset is sold, at which point they become <emphasis>Realized gains
+ or losses</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_capgainloss">Capital Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_realgainloss">Realized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_valuation">
+ <glossterm>Valuation</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The process of determining the market value or the price the
+ investment would sell at in a <quote>reasonable time frame</quote>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_xml">
+ <glossterm>XML</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The eXtensible Markup Language is an international markup standard.
+ <application>&app;</application> stores its data by default in an XML data
+ structure.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_yield">
+ <glossterm>Yield</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A measure of the amount of money you earn from an investment
+ (i.e., how much income you receive from the investment). Typically, this
+ is reported as a percentage of the principal amount. Yield does not include
+ capital gains or losses (see Return). For example, a stock that sells for $100
+ and gives $2 in dividends per year has a yield of 2%.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<!-- ... -->
+
+</glossary>
diff --git a/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml
index e2c62fc..4b50b9d 100644
--- a/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
<!ENTITY chapter20 SYSTEM "ch_dep.xml">
<!ENTITY chapter21 SYSTEM "ch_python_bindings.xml">
<!ENTITY chapter22 SYSTEM "ch_import_business_data.xml">
+<!ENTITY gnc-gloss SYSTEM "gnc-glossary.xml">
<!ENTITY appendixa SYSTEM "appendixa.xml">
<!ENTITY appendixb SYSTEM "appendixb.xml">
<!ENTITY appendixc SYSTEM "appendixc.xml">
@@ -515,6 +516,7 @@
</part>
<part>
<title>Appendices</title>
+&gnc-gloss;
&appendixa;
&appendixb;
&appendixc;
diff --git a/guide/it/Makefile.am b/guide/it/Makefile.am
index 545b3eb..b65b792 100644
--- a/guide/it/Makefile.am
+++ b/guide/it/Makefile.am
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ COMPONENTS = \
${top_srcdir}/guide/C/ch_oth_assets.xml \
${top_srcdir}/guide/C/ch_python_bindings.xml \
${top_srcdir}/guide/C/ch_import_business_data.xml \
+ ${top_srcdir}/guide/C/gnc-glossary.xml \
${top_srcdir}/guide/C/appendixa.xml \
${top_srcdir}/guide/C/appendixb.xml \
${top_srcdir}/guide/C/appendixc.xml \
diff --git a/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml b/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
index a1c141f..414240d 100644
--- a/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
+++ b/guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml
@@ -13,18 +13,20 @@
<!ENTITY chapter7 SYSTEM "ch_cc.xml">
<!ENTITY chapter8 SYSTEM "ch_loans.xml">
<!ENTITY chapter9 SYSTEM "ch_invest.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter10 SYSTEM "ch_capgain.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter11 SYSTEM "ch_currency.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter12 SYSTEM "ch_bus_intro.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter13 SYSTEM "ch_bus_setup.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter14 SYSTEM "ch_bus_ar.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter15 SYSTEM "ch_bus_ap.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter16 SYSTEM "ch_bus_pay.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter17 SYSTEM "ch_budgets.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter18 SYSTEM "ch_oth_assets.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter19 SYSTEM "ch_dep.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter20 SYSTEM "ch_python_bindings.xml">
-<!ENTITY chapter21 SYSTEM "ch_import_business_data.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter10 SYSTEM "ch_reports.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter11 SYSTEM "ch_capgain.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter12 SYSTEM "ch_currency.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter13 SYSTEM "ch_bus_intro.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter14 SYSTEM "ch_bus_setup.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter15 SYSTEM "ch_bus_ar.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter16 SYSTEM "ch_bus_ap.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter17 SYSTEM "ch_bus_pay.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter18 SYSTEM "ch_budgets.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter19 SYSTEM "ch_oth_assets.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter20 SYSTEM "ch_dep.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter21 SYSTEM "ch_python_bindings.xml">
+<!ENTITY chapter22 SYSTEM "ch_import_business_data.xml">
+<!ENTITY gnc-gloss SYSTEM "gnc-glossary.xml">
<!ENTITY appendixa SYSTEM "appendixa.xml">
<!ENTITY appendixb SYSTEM "appendixb.xml">
<!ENTITY appendixc SYSTEM "appendixc.xml">
@@ -109,12 +111,12 @@
<year>2003-2004</year>
<holder>Jon Lapham</holder>
</copyright>
-
+
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<holder>Chris Lyttle</holder>
</copyright>
-
+
<copyright>
<year>2001</year>
<holder>Carol Champagne e Chris Lyttle</holder>
@@ -492,7 +494,7 @@
<imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/oview_intro.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase><application>GnuCash</application> struttura dei conti - anteprima</phrase>
</textobject>
@@ -772,11 +774,11 @@
<listitem>
<para><xref linkend="ch_python_bindings"/></para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><xref linkend="ch_import_bus_data"/></para>
</listitem>
-
+
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>This manual also includes several appendices, which contains extra information
@@ -824,8 +826,8 @@
modified: October 25th 2010
modified: January 12th 2007
modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
- Cristian Marchi <cri.penta at gmail.com>
+ Maintainers:
+ Cristian Marchi <cri.penta at gmail.com>
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -932,14 +934,14 @@
<para>L’equazione di bilancio appena descritta costituisce il cuore di un <firstterm>sistema di registrazione a partita doppia</firstterm>. A ogni cambio di valore di un termine dell’equazione deve corrispondere la variazione di un altro termine per rispettare l’uguaglianza. Questo concetto è noto con il nome di <firstterm>principio del bilancio</firstterm> ed è di fondamentale importanza per capire come funziona <application>&app;</application> ma anche gli altri programmi che usano uno schema a partita doppia. Quando si lavora con <application>&app;</application>, si dovranno sempre considerare almeno due conti al fine di mantenere equilibrata l’equazione fondamentale della contabilità </para>
<para>Si ricordano ancora i termini debito e credito discussi nella <xref linkend="basics-accounting1"/>? Contrariamente a quanto si possa credere e alle definizioni sui dizionari, <firstterm>debiti<firstterm> e <firstterm>crediti<firstterm> non significano <quote>diminuzione</quote> o <quote>aumento</quote>. L’unica definizione costante di debiti e crediti è che i debiti sono inseriti nella colonna di sinistra (chiamata anche dare) mentre i crediti in quella di destra (chiamata anche avere). Infatti entrambi possono far aumentare certi tipi di conti e farne diminuire altri. Nei conti delle attività e delle uscite, i debiti ne aumentano il saldo mentre i crediti lo diminuiscono. Nei conti delle passività , del capitale e delle entrate, i crediti ne aumentano il saldo mentre i debiti lo diminuiscono.</firstterm></firstterm></firstterm></firstterm></para>
-
+
<para>In traditional double-entry accounting, the left column in the
register is used for debits, while the right column is used for credits.
Accountants record increases in asset and expense accounts on the
debit (left) side, and they record increases in liability, revenue, and equity
accounts on the credit (right) side. <application>GnuCash</application>
- follows this convention in the register.</para>
-
+ follows this convention in the register.</para>
+
<note>
<para>This accounting terminology can be confusing to new users,
which is why <application>GnuCash</application> allows you to use the
@@ -953,8 +955,8 @@
</note>
<warning>
- <para>Common use of the words <emphasis>debit</emphasis> and <emphasis>credit</emphasis>
- does not match how accountants use these words. In common use,
+ <para>Common use of the words <emphasis>debit</emphasis> and <emphasis>credit</emphasis>
+ does not match how accountants use these words. In common use,
<emphasis>credit</emphasis> generally has positive associations; in accounting,
<emphasis>credit</emphasis> means
<emphasis>affecting the right column</emphasis> of the ledger sheet of an account.
@@ -1010,8 +1012,8 @@
<para>Esempi di transazioni sono: pagare la bolletta del telefono, trasferire denaro dal conto bancario al proprio portafoglio, prelevare denaro, depositare un assegno. L’inserimento delle transazioni è discusso in <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/></para>
- <para>In <link linkend="basics-accountingdouble2">double entry accounting</link>,
- transactions always involve at least two accounts–a source
+ <para>In <link linkend="basics-accountingdouble2">double entry accounting</link>,
+ transactions always involve at least two accounts–a source
account and a destination account.
<application>GnuCash</application> manages this by inserting a line
into the transaction for every account that is affected, and
@@ -1019,7 +1021,7 @@
transaction that records the account and amount of money involved is
called a <firstterm>split</firstterm>. A transaction can contain an
arbitrary number of splits.</para>
- <note>
+ <note>
<para>Le suddivisioni per le transazioni verranno descritte in <xref linkend="txns-registers-multiaccount2"/></para>
</note>
</sect2> <!-- basics-transactions2 -->
@@ -1085,14 +1087,14 @@
<tip>
<para>Clicking the small triangle to the left of an account that has children will expand the tree view showing child accounts.</para>
</tip>
-
+
<para>At the top of this window is the <emphasis>Titlebar</emphasis>, which displays the
file name for this set of accounts (once you have saved the file.) Below that is the <emphasis>Menubar</emphasis>.
You can access the menu options by either clicking on these menu
- headings or by using shortcuts and access keys (see <xref linkend="basics-shortcut2"/>).
+ headings or by using shortcuts and access keys (see <xref linkend="basics-shortcut2"/>).
Next is the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis>, which contains buttons
for the most common functions.</para>
-
+
<para>L’albero dei conti è posto al si sotto della <emphasis>barra degli strumenti</emphasis>. Una volta creati dei conti, i nomi a essi assegnati verranno inseriti in questa finestra. È possibile scegliere quali intestazioni delle colonne visualizzare utilizzando la <guiicon>freccia-giù</guiicon> all’estrema destra posizionata immediatamente sopra alla struttura ad albero.</para>
<para>Nella parte inferiore si trova la <emphasis>barra di stato</emphasis> che fornisce informazioni su cosa si possiede (attività nette) e quanto denaro è stato guadagnato (profitto).</para>
@@ -1112,7 +1114,7 @@
<imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/basics_CheckAccount.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree" width="510"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/basics_CheckAccount.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
@@ -1128,9 +1130,9 @@
</screenshot>
<para>In <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/> sono fornite ulteriori informazioni sulle finestre del registro e su come immettere i dati in esse. Per ora, si noti che le parti che compongono una finestra del registro di un conto sono simili a quelle di cui è composta la finestra della struttura dei conti descritta precedentemente. La <emphasis>barra del titolo</emphasis> in alto contiene il nome del conto; sotto di questa, la <emphasis>barra del menu</emphasis> contiene delle opzioni relative al registro del conto. La <emphasis>barra degli strumenti</emphasis> semplifica l’esecuzione delle operazioni più comuni. La <emphasis>barra di stato</emphasis> nella parte bassa della finestra, mostra alcuni saldi del conto descritti in <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/>. In basso nella finestra del registro del conto, vengono visualizzate delle informazioni sulla posizione occupata in quel momento dal cursore.</para>
-
+
<note>
- <para>In the register windows, you can resize the various columns that
+ <para>In the register windows, you can resize the various columns that
<application>GnuCash</application> displays, <emphasis>but keep in mind that
the Description and Balance columns behave differently from other columns</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Description</guilabel> column is designed to expand
@@ -1140,7 +1142,7 @@
<para>The <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> column must be resized by
double-clicking on the column heading.</para>
</note>
-
+
</sect2>
<sect2 id="basics-toolbar2">
@@ -1173,18 +1175,18 @@
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
-
+
<para>Register-specific buttons are discussed in <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="basics-tabbar">
<title>Tab Bar</title>
-
+
<para><application>GnuCash</application> uses a tabbed model that allows you to open multiple account registers and reports simultaneously. Each open window (which can include account registers, reports, or Scheduled Transactions windows) is given a tab on this bar that you can click to view that window. Tabs can be configured in Preferences to appear along any side of the <application>GnuCash</application> window.</para>
-
+
<para>To see the full name for a tab, hover the mouse pointer over an account window tab.</para>
-
+
<para>If more screens are open than can be displayed across the screen, some tabs
will not display. You can move through all tabs by clicking the arrows on
either end of the tab bar. A complete list of tabs can be viewed by
@@ -1248,7 +1250,7 @@
<title>Conservare i propri dati finanziari</title>
<para><application>&app;</application> è in grado di <link linkend="basics-store-data">conservare</link> i propri dati finanziari in file o in database <acronym>SQL</acronym> in modo che possano essere <link linkend="basics-open-data">aperti</link> e modificati in tempi successivi. Prima di tutto è però necessario <link linkend="basics-create-data">creare</link> un <quote>contenitore</quote> per i propri dati.</para>
-
+
<sect2 id="basics-create-data">
<title>Creare un file</title>
<para>Per creare un nuovo file di <application>&app;</application> procedere nel seguente modo:</para>
@@ -1257,8 +1259,8 @@
<listitem>
<para>Dalla <emphasis>barra del menu</emphasis> di <application>&app;</application>, selezionare <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Nuovo File</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. L’assistente per la <guilabel>Creazione di una nuova struttura dei conti</guilabel> verrà avviato.</para>
<note>
- <para>If you are running <application>GnuCash</application> for the first time, you will be presented
- with the <guilabel>Welcome to GnuCash!</guilabel> screen. This screen is described in detail in the
+ <para>If you are running <application>GnuCash</application> for the first time, you will be presented
+ with the <guilabel>Welcome to GnuCash!</guilabel> screen. This screen is described in detail in the
<application>GnuCash</application> manual.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
@@ -1269,7 +1271,7 @@
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="basics-store-data">
<title>Salvare i dati</title>
<para>Seguire i passi seguenti per salvare il file con un nome preferito:</para>
@@ -1281,7 +1283,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>Selezionare il <guilabel>Formato dati</guilabel> del file che si sta per salvare dalla lista a comparsa. La selezione predefinita è il formato <acronym>XML</acronym> ma se è stato impostato un backend per un database è possibile selezionare quest’ultimo formato</para>
- <para>A seconda del <guilabel>Formato dati</guilabel> selezionato, la finestra può cambiare come descritto nel seguito.</para>
+ <para>A seconda del <guilabel>Formato dati</guilabel> selezionato, la finestra può cambiare come descritto nel seguito.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -1322,12 +1324,12 @@
<para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Crea Cartellai</guibutton> per caricare una nuova cartella con un nome personalizzato nel percorso selezionato</para>
</tip>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para>Se è stato selezionato il <guilabel>Formato dati</guilabel> <acronym>mysql</acronym> o <acronym>postgres</acronym>. verrà mostrata una schermata come questa:</para>
<figure>
- <title>Schermata di salvataggio quando è selezionao <acronym>mysql</acronym> o <acronym>postgres</acronym>.</title>
+ <title>Schermata di salvataggio quando è selezionao <acronym>mysql</acronym> o <acronym>postgres</acronym>.</title>
<screenshot id="basics-SaveSQL">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject role="html">
@@ -1368,7 +1370,7 @@
<para>Salvare frequentemente i propri dati finanziari è molto importante per evitare di perderli per una qualsiasi ragione e per questo <application>&app;</application> è in grado di salvare automaticamente il file aperto a intervalli regolari di tempo. L’ampiezza di questo intervallo può essere impostata nella scheda <guilabel>Generali</guilabel> raggiungibile tramite il menu <menuchoice><guimenu>Modifica</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> su Mac OS X). Questa opzione ha rilevanza esclusivamente se si salva nel formato <acronym>XML</acronym>. Se si sta lavorando con un database, il pulsante <guibutton>Salva</guibutton> e la voce di menu <guimenuitem>Salva</guimenuitem> saranno disabilitati dato che le modifiche vengono immediatamente applicate al database.</para>
</note></para>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="basics-open-data">
<title>Aprire i dati</title>
<para>Per aprire un file o un database esistenti, selezionare <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Apri</guimenuitem></menuchoice> dal menu. Nella finestra che si aprirà , selezionare il <guilabel>Formato dati</guilabel>. Se è stata selezionata l’opzione <guilabel>File</guilabel>, scegliere il file da aprire sfogliando le cartelle nel riquadro inferiore. Diversamente, inserire le informazioni di <guilabel>Connessione al database</guilabel> richieste.</para>
@@ -1379,15 +1381,15 @@
<sect2 id="basics-expt-acct">
<title>Duplicare una struttura dei conti</title>
- <para>In some cases, it might be useful to duplicate the structure of an existing data file in a new file.
- For example, you might want to try out new accounting techniques without corrupting your actual
+ <para>In some cases, it might be useful to duplicate the structure of an existing data file in a new file.
+ For example, you might want to try out new accounting techniques without corrupting your actual
accounting data, or you might need to follow accounting guidelines that require you to close your books at the end
of the year and begin each year with a fresh set of books.</para>
<para><application>GnuCash</application> allows you to create an empty copy of your Chart of Accounts simply by selecting
<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guisubmenu>Export</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Export Accounts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
When you select this command, you are asked to provide the name for the new empty file, and <application>GnuCash</application>
- creates a new data file that contains only your account hierarchy (that is, there is no transaction data).
+ creates a new data file that contains only your account hierarchy (that is, there is no transaction data).
Once saved, the new file can be opened like any other <application>GnuCash</application> data file as described above.</para>
</sect2>
@@ -1397,22 +1399,22 @@
<title>Creare copie di sicurezza e recuperare i dati</title>
<para><application>&app;</application> crea diversi tipi di file per assicurarsi che i dati non vadano persi. Controllando nella cartella in cui è stato salvato il proprio file, saranno probabilmente presenti altri file generati automaticamente da <application>&app;</application> con le seguenti estensioni: <filename>.gnucash</filename>, <filename>.log</filename>, <filename>.LCK</filename>, <filename>.LNK</filename>. La descrizione delle caratteristiche fornite da ogni formato è riportata di seguito.</para>
-
+
<note>
<para>Le seguenti sezioni hanno rilevanza solamente se si stanno salvando i propri dati finanziari nel formato <acronym>XML</acronym>.</para>
</note>
-
+
<programlisting>
- $ ls
- ilmiofile.gnucash
- ilmiofile.gnucash.20100414185747.gnucash
- ilmiofile.gnucash.20100414223248.log
- ilmiofile.gnucash.20100415114340.gnucash
- ilmiofile.gnucash.20100415154508.log
- ilmiofile.gnucash.20100415173322.gnucash
- ilmiofile.gnucash.20100415194251.log
- ilmiofile.gnucash.7f0982.12093.LNK
- ilmiofile.gnucash.LCK
+ $ ls
+ myfile.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100414185747.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100414223248.log
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415114340.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415154508.log
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415173322.gnucash
+ myfile.gnucash.20100415194251.log
+ myfile.gnucash.7f0982.12093.LNK
+ myfile.gnucash.LCK
</programlisting>
<sect2 id="basics-backupxac2">
@@ -1421,11 +1423,11 @@
<para>Ogni volta che si salva un file dei dati, viene creata anche una copia di sicurezza con estendione <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename>. Questo file è una copia completa del file dei dati precedente e il suo nome fa riferimento al nome del file dei dati, all’anno, al mese, al giorno e all’ora del backup. Per esempio, il file di nome <filename>ilmiofile.gnucash.20100414185747.gnucash</filename> indica che si tratta di una copia di sicurezza del file <filename>miofile</filename> salvata nell’anno 2010, il 14 Aprile alle 18:57:47.</para>
<para>Per recuperare un vecchio file di backup, basta aprire il file <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> con la data che si desidera ripristinare. Assicurarsi di salvare il file con un nome differente una volta aperto.</para>
-
+
<note>
<para>
- <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.xac</filename> instead of the actual extension <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename>.
- So if you upgrade from the 2.2 series to the 2.4 series, you may end up with both <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.xac</filename>
+ <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.xac</filename> instead of the actual extension <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename>.
+ So if you upgrade from the 2.2 series to the 2.4 series, you may end up with both <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.xac</filename>
and <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> backup files in your directory.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
@@ -1476,7 +1478,7 @@
<note>
<para><application>&app;</application> cancella automaticamente qualsiasi file di backup <filename>.log</filename> e <filename>.YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.gnucash</filename> più vecchio di 30 giorni. Questo comportamento può essere modificato dalle preferenze di <application>&app;</application> nella scheda <guilabel>Generali</guilabel> raggiungibile dal menu <menuchoice><guimenu>Modifica</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> (<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferenze</guimenuitem></menuchoice> su Mac OS X).</para>
</note>
-
+
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -1493,17 +1495,17 @@
<sect2 id="migrate-prefs">
<title>Migrare le preferenze</title>
- <para>Preferences are stored in three different locations: one for <application>GnuCash</application> preferences,
+ <para>Preferences are stored in three different locations: one for <application>GnuCash</application> preferences,
one for reports, and one for online banking settings. Preferences are managed by
- <application>gsettings</application>, reports are managed by <application>GnuCash</application>
+ <application>gsettings</application>, reports are managed by <application>GnuCash</application>
itself, and online banking is managed by <application>aqbanking</application>. If you do not use online banking,
then you will not have this folder on your machine.</para>
<para>Where the <application>GnuCash</application> preferences are stored varies
- depending on your operating system (see <xref linkend="App-sett-loc"/>, <xref linkend="Report-loc"/>, and
+ depending on your operating system (see <xref linkend="App-sett-loc"/>, <xref linkend="Report-loc"/>, and
<xref linkend="OB-sett-loc"/>). To back up and transfer your entire installation, you must copy
these preferences as well.</para>
-
+
<table id="App-sett-loc"><title>Posizione delle impostazioni dell’applicazione</title>
<tgroup cols="2" align="left">
<thead>
@@ -1514,7 +1516,7 @@
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
- <entry>Unix</entry>
+ <entry>Unix</entry>
<entry><application>GnuCash</application> preferences are stored in <application>dconf</application>.
You can use the commands <code>dconf dump /org/gnucash/</code> on the old machine
and <code>dconf load /org/gnucash/</code> on the new machine to migrate your preferences.</entry>
@@ -1578,7 +1580,7 @@
<row>
<entry>Finestre</entry>
<entry><filename class="directory">Documents and Settings/Nomeutente/.aqbanking</filename></entry>
- </row>
+ </row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
@@ -1620,7 +1622,7 @@
<imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/basics_NewAccountHierarchySetup.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>L’assistente per la nuova struttura conti</phrase>
</textobject>
@@ -1630,7 +1632,7 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
<para>La prima schermata dell’assistente fornisce una descrizione dell’assistente stesso. Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton> per procedere alla schermata successiva.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -1639,7 +1641,7 @@
<note>
<para>La valuta selezionata in questa fase, verrà assegnata a tutti i <guilabel>conti</guilabel> creati con questo assistente.</para>
</note>
-
+
<screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup-currency">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject role="html">
@@ -1666,10 +1668,10 @@
then press the <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> button.
You can also update these options later using <menuchoice><guimenu>File
</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
- For details of these options, see the <application>GnuCash</application>
- Help manual, chapter Customizing GnuCash, Book Options.
+ For details of these options, see the <application>GnuCash</application>
+ Help manual, chapter Customizing GnuCash, Book Options.
</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="basics-NewBookOptions">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject role="html">
@@ -1694,7 +1696,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>In the fourth screen select the <guilabel>Common Accounts</guilabel> group in the
+ <para>In the fourth screen select the <guilabel>Common Accounts</guilabel> group in the
<guilabel>Categories</guilabel> pane. Then press the <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> button to
proceed.</para>
<note>
@@ -1722,15 +1724,15 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
- </listitem>
+ </listitem>
<listitem>
<para>In the fifth screen you will be able to set an <guilabel>Opening
Balance</guilabel> on each of the accounts, as well as indicate if
- the account should be a <guilabel>Placeholder</guilabel>. As these features will be
- described in next chapters, leave all as configured by <application>GnuCash</application>
+ the account should be a <guilabel>Placeholder</guilabel>. As these features will be
+ described in next chapters, leave all as configured by <application>GnuCash</application>
and click <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> to open the last screen of the assistant.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="basics-NewAccountHierarchySetup-Setup.png">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject role="html">
@@ -1788,7 +1790,7 @@
<imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/basics_EmptyAccounts.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi" width="510"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/basics_EmptyAccounts.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Cristian Marchi"/>
</imageobject>
@@ -1799,9 +1801,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</listitem>
-
+
</orderedlist>
-
+
</sect1>
</chapter>
@@ -1809,7 +1811,7 @@
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.2.1
Last modified: September 26, 2010
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Tom Bullock <tbullock at nd.edu>
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Authors:
@@ -1884,7 +1886,7 @@ Translators:
<para><guilabel>Entrate</guilabel> rappresentano il compenso che si riceve per il proprio tempo, per i servizi che si forniscono, o per l’utilizzo del proprio denaro. Quando si riceve lo stipendio, per esempio, viene pagato il lavoro fornito al proprio datore di lavoro. Altri esempi di entrate possono essere le mance, i dividendi provenienti da azioni e gli interessi sul denaro depositato in banca. Le entrate contribuiscono sempre ad aumentare il valore delle attività e di conseguenza quello del capitale.</para>
<para><guilabel>Expense</guilabel> refers to money you spend to purchase
- goods or services provided by someone else
+ goods or services provided by someone else
<emphasis>for early consumption</emphasis>. Examples of expenses are a
meal at a restaurant, rent, groceries, gas for your car, or tickets to
see a play. Expenses will always decrease your Equity. If you pay for
@@ -1893,7 +1895,7 @@ Translators:
<!--
Translators:
Your language might have a generic term for 'income and expense'.
- Then you should introduce it here in a separate paragraph
+ Then you should introduce it here in a separate paragraph
and replace 'income and expense' by it in the latter sections of this book.
-->
</sect2>
@@ -1938,7 +1940,7 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>fondi comuni</guilabel>: questo tipo di conto è simile al precedente, tranne per il fatto che deve essere utilizzato per registrare i fondi. Il registro di immissione dati prevede due colonne per l’inserimento delle quote e dei prezzi. I fondi rappresentano delle proprietà comuni di investimenti e, come le azioni, non garantiscono un valore minimo del capitale;</para>
-
+
<para><application>GnuCash</application> treats account types Stock and
Mutual Fund the same.
</para>
@@ -1947,7 +1949,7 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>crediti correnti</guilabel>: questo conto è dedicato tipicamente alla gestione dell’impresa e in esso vengono registrati i crediti. È considerato come un capitale dato che si dovrebbe poter contare sull’arrivo di questo denaro.</para>
-
+
<para>Transactions involving an Accounts Receivable account should not be added,
changed or deleted in any way other than by using
</para>
@@ -1967,7 +1969,7 @@ Translators:
<para><application>GnuCash</application> treats account types Cash,
Bank and Asset the same.
</para>
-
+
<para>I conti sono contenitori di informazioni utilizzati per tracciare e registrare tutte le azioni correlate al motivo per cui il conto è stato creato.</para>
<para>Per le imprese, le attività da tracciare e di cui effettuare i resoconti, sono spesso suddivise con maggiore dettaglio rispetto a quanto considerato finora. Per una discussione più approfondita delle possibilità , riferirsi alle nozioni descritte nella <xref linkend="chapter_other_assets"/> di questa guida.</para>
@@ -2003,7 +2005,7 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>passività </guilabel>: utilizzare questo conto per tutti gli altri prestiti, generalmente di entità maggiore e di durata superiore come un mutuo o le rate dell’auto. Questo conto aiuta anche a conoscere quanto denaro si deve ancora e quanto è stato già restituito.</para>
-
+
<para><application>GnuCash</application> treats account types Credit
Card and Liability the same.
</para>
@@ -2018,7 +2020,7 @@ Translators:
<para>Il conto finale del bilancio patrimoniale è quello del <emphasis>capitale</emphasis>, che è sinonimo di valore netto o capitale netto. Rappresenta ciò che rimane dopo aver sottratto le passività dalle attività , ed è quindi la porzione di patrimonio che si possiede e sulla quale non grava alcun debito. In <application>&app;</application> si consiglia di utilizzare questa tipologia di conto come fonte per i bilanci di apertura dei conti bancari, dato che questo saldo rappresenta il valore netto iniziale.</para>
<para>There is usually only a single <application>GnuCash</application> equity account, called naturally
- enough, <guilabel>Equity</guilabel>.
+ enough, <guilabel>Equity</guilabel>.
For companies, cooperatives etc. you can create a subaccount for each partner.</para>
<tip>
@@ -2050,7 +2052,7 @@ Translators:
</note>
<para>Qui sotto vengono mostrati i conti standard per le <guilabel>entrate</guilabel> e per le <guilabel>uscite</guilabel> così come vengono creati scegliendo l’opzione <guilabel>conti comuni</guilabel> nell’assistente per l’impostazione di una nuova struttura dei conti (<menuchoice><guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu><guimenuitem>Nuova struttura conti...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>).</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="accts-DefaultIncomeAccounts">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -2065,7 +2067,7 @@ Translators:
<para>Questa immagine mostra i conti predefiniti delle <emphasis>Entrate</emphasis></para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ </screenshot>
<screenshot id="accts-DefaultExpenseAccounts">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -2082,24 +2084,24 @@ Translators:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="accts-other-types">
<title>Other Account Types</title>
-
+
<para>There are some special other account types.</para>
-
+
<para><emphasis>Trading</emphasis> Multiple currency transactions have
splits in <quote>Trading</quote> accounts to make the transaction
balance in each currency as well as in total value. See
<xref linkend="chapter_currency"/> for more information.
</para>
-
+
<para><emphasis>Money Market</emphasis> and <emphasis>Credit Line
</emphasis>are used only in the OFX importer, apparently for
completeness with the specification.
</para>
</sect2>
-
+
</sect1>
<sect1 id="accts-examples1">
@@ -2121,7 +2123,7 @@ Translators:
<para>Occorre ora decidere come raggruppare i conti. Probabilmente si vorranno raggruppare i conti delle <emphasis>attività </emphasis> in uno unico, così come anche quelli delle <emphasis>passività </emphasis>, del <emphasis>capitale</emphasis>, delle <emphasis>entrate</emphasis> e delle <emphasis>uscite</emphasis>. Questo rappresenta il metodo più ovvio per creare una struttura dei conti in <application>&app;</application> e si raccomanda di ragionare comunque sempre in questi termini.</para>
<para>Si parta da un un nuovo file vuoto di <application>&app;</application> selezionando <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Nuovo file</guimenuitem></menuchoice> dal menu. Verrà avviato l’assistente per l’<guilabel>Impostazione di una nuova struttura dei conti</guilabel>. Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Annulla dato che non si intende utilizzare una delle strutture predefinite; verr selezionare VisualizzaNuova pagina dei conti dal menu: verrConti. Selezionare quindi OperazioniNuovo conto... dal menu.</guibutton></para>
-
+
<para>Si è ora pronti per costruire questa semplice struttura dei conti</para>
<orderedlist>
@@ -2278,7 +2280,7 @@ Translators:
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: 2014-09-26 (fell)
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -2324,14 +2326,14 @@ Translators:
<para>The <emphasis>account register</emphasis> is the <application>GnuCash</application> window, which allows you to view or edit preexisting transactions, or add new transactions for a particular account. To open an account register from the Account Tree, double-click the account name, right click the account name and select Open Account from the menu, or use the Open button on the toolbar. <application>GnuCash</application> will display the account register window.</para>
<sect2 id="txns-registers-features2">
<title>Caratteristiche del registro del conto</title>
-
+
<para>The <emphasis>Titlebar</emphasis> of the account register displays the account name. Below the <emphasis>Titlebar</emphasis>, the <emphasis>Menubar</emphasis> displays the menu items available within the account register, and the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> contains handy buttons that help you work with the account register.</para>
-
+
<para>In basso a sinistra nella finestra del registro, <application>&app;</application> visualizza degli utili messaggi mentre ci si muove nel registro. A destra, invece, è possibile leggere il saldo attuale del conto e il totale delle suddivisioni liquidate.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="txns-regstyle1">
<title>Scegliere uno stile per il registro</title>
-
+
<para><application>GnuCash</application> offers several options for viewing your registers. The
default style is <guilabel>Basic Ledger</guilabel> mode, which displays
only the summary of splits affecting the current account. This is the
@@ -2345,33 +2347,33 @@ Translators:
<listitem><para><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Transaction
Journal</guimenuitem></menuchoice> style shows all splits for all transactions in the register, which is more like an accounting journal.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>All styles permit you to view your data in either single-line or
double-line format. Select <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Double Line</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and you will see your transaction
line expand to two register lines. Double-line mode will also display the transaction-level Notes field.</para>
-
+
<para>Below are screenshots that demonstrate how the Basic Ledger and Transaction Journal views differ.
</para>
<para>For this example, let’s assume that you have purchased 3 pair of Jeans for $1,000, and have recorded the purchase as a split transaction with each pair entered on a separate split.</para>
<para>The below screenshots illustrate the different view modes.</para>
-
+
<para>First let’s view the Jeans transaction from your checking account:</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="txns-registersplit4">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit4.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Acquisto di 3 Jeans</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption><para>Questa immagine mostra la transazione suddivisa per l’acquisto di 3 Jeans</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
<para>Now, let's open the <emphasis>Expenses:Clothes</emphasis> account, and look at it in Basic view.</para>
<screenshot id="txns-registersplit5">
@@ -2379,37 +2381,37 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit5.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Uno sguardo al conto <emphasis>Uscite:Abbigliamento</emphasis></phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption><para>Questa immagine mostra il conto <emphasis>Uscite:Abbigliamento</emphasis> nella modalità a libro mastro basilare.</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>Three entries appear here, but there was only the single split entry in the checking account. Further examination shows that each row has a different amount, $200, $300, and $500. This demonstrates that each row in this view reflects a single split from the original transaction.</para>
<para>Changing to Transaction Journal mode will display only the original split transaction.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="txns-registersplit6">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit6.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Uno sguardo al conto <emphasis>Uscite:Abbigliamento</emphasis></phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption><para>Questa immagine mostra il conto <emphasis>Uscite:Abbigliamento</emphasis> nella modalità giornale della transazione.</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
</sect2>
<sect2 id="txns-shortcuts1">
<title>Utilizzare le scorciatoie per l’immissione dei dati</title>
-
+
<para><application>GnuCash</application> provides several time-saving shortcuts for entering your
data. When you type the first few characters of a description that you
have used before, the QuickFill feature automatically fills in the rest of
@@ -2428,94 +2430,93 @@ Translators:
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Accounts</guisubmenu>
<guilabel>Character</guilabel></menuchoice>.</para></tip>
<para>Anche le scorciatoie da tastiera per il registro permettono di risparmiare tempo e <application>&app;</application> ne fornisce diverse. Nel campo della data si può premere:</para>
-
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><keycap>+</keycap> o <keycap>=</keycap> per aumentare la data e <keycap>-</keycap> o <keycap>_</keycap> per diminuire la data</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>]</keycap> o <keycap>}</keycap> per aumentare il mese e <keycap>[</keycap> o <keycap>{</keycap> per diminuire il mese</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>M</keycap> o <keycap>m</keycap> per inserire la prima data del mese</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>H</keycap> o <keycap>h</keycap> per inserire l’ultima data del mese</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>Y</keycap> o <keycap>y</keycap> per inserire la prima data dell’anno</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>R</keycap> o <keycap>r</keycap> per inserire l’ultima data dell’anno</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>T</keycap> o <keycap>t</keycap> per inserire la data odierna</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<tip><para>These date shortcuts not only work in the account register but everywhere
you can enter a date.</para></tip>
<tip><para>Specifically for dates there's another way you can save time: you can enter
partial dates. For example if you only enter one number, <application>GnuCash</application>
will interpret it as the day in the current month of the current year. If you only enter
- a day and month, <application>GnuCash</application> will automatically append the year. The
- default this to take such a date in a sliding window starting 11 months before the current
- month. This means that if you enter 1/5 (January 5th) as date while the current date is
- in December 2015, the date will be completed as 1/5/16. This default can be changed via
+ a day and month, <application>GnuCash</application> will automatically append the year. By
+ default this is the current year. You can however also configure
+ <application>GnuCash</application> to take such a date in a sliding window starting
+ a number of months before the current month. This can be done via
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Date/Time</guisubmenu>
- <guilabel>Date Completion</guilabel></menuchoice>. You can change it to either always
- evaluate a date in the current calendar year or change the start of the sliding window.</para></tip>
+ <guilabel>Date Completion</guilabel></menuchoice>.</para></tip>
<para>Nel campo <guilabel>Nr.</guilabel> nella linea di una transazione, è possibile premere <keycap>+</keycap> per incrementare il numero della transazione, mentre premendo <keycap>-</keycap> verrà diminuito il numero. Questo funzionerà anche nel campo <guilabel>Operazione</guilabel> nella linea della suddivisione, se si sceglie di immettere i numeri della suddivisione qui. Il campo <guilabel>Operazione</guilabel> supporta anche <emphasis>Quickfill</emphasis>: se si digitano i primi caratteri di una operazione comune (come <emphasis>Deposito</emphasis>), <application>&app;</application> completerà il resto.</para>
-
+
<para>Il campo <guilabel>Trasferimento</guilabel> supporta il <emphasis>Quickfill</emphasis> dei nomi dei conti. Iniziando a digitare il nome di un conto, <application>&app;</application> completerà la parte restante del nome con quello di un conto esistente. Digitando il carattere separatore in qualsiasi momento, verrà completato il livello corrente del nome del conto, lasciando il cursore posizionato all’inizio del successivo livello di nomi di conti. Digitando, per esempio, <keycap>A:C</keycap> con il gruppo standard di conti, verrà selezionato il conto <emphasis>Attività :Conto corrente</emphasis>. Si possono anche selezionare i tasti <keycap>Menu</keycap> o <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Giù</keycap></keycombo> in questo campo per visualizzare la lista a comparsa dei nomi dei conti.</para>
-
+
<para>In ognuno dei campi per l’importo, si può usare una calcolatrice incorporata. Digitare semplicemente il primo valore, seguito da un <keycap>+</keycap>, <keycap>-</keycap>, <keycap>*</keycap> o <keycap>/</keycap>, poi inserire il secondo valore. <application>&app;</application> eseguirà i calcoli e restituirà il valore risultante nel campo dell’importo alla pressione del tasto <keycap>Tab</keycap>.</para>
-
+
<para>Per tutte le voci del menu sono definite delle chiavi di accesso che sono indicate da caratteri sottolineati nei nome del menu. Premere <keycap>Alt</keycap> + [carattere sottolineato] per aprire il menu desiderato e selezionare poi una voce digitando il carattere sottolineato corrispondente. Per esempio, premere <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>T</keycap></keycombo> per far comparire il menu <guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu>, poi premere <keycap>S</keycap> per suddividere la transazione. Alcune delle voci del menu hanno anch’esse delle scorciatoie che immediatamente invocano il comando (normalmente utilizzando il tasto <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>). Queste scorciatoie sono riportate a fianco della voce.</para>
-
+
<para>Per muoversi nel registro, utilizzare questi tasti per risparmiare tempo:</para>
-
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><keycap>Tab</keycap> per spostarsi al prossimo campo, <keycombo><keycap>Maiusc</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> per spostarsi nel campo precedente</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>Home</keycap> per spostarsi all’inizio del campo, <keycap>Fine</keycap> per spostarsi alla fine del campo</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap function="enter">Invio</keycap> o <keycap>↓</keycap> per spostarsi alla transazione successiva, <keycap>↑</keycap> per spostarsi alla transazione precedente</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>Pag Sù</keycap> per muoversi verso l’alto di una schermata, <keycap>Pg giù</keycap> per muoversi verso il basso di una schermata</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycombo><keycap>Maiusc</keycap><keycap>Pag Sù</keycap></keycombo> per raggiungere la prima transazione, <keycombo><keycap>Maiusc</keycap><keycap>Pag Giù</keycap></keycombo> per raggiungere l’ultima transazione</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>Nella finestra <guilabel>Riconcilia</guilabel> possono essere usate le seguenti scorciatoie da tastiera:</para>
-
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><keycap>Tab</keycap> sposta al riquadro successivo e <keycombo><keycap>Maiusc</keycap><keycap>Tab</keycap></keycombo> sposta al riquadro precedente</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para>La barra spaziatrice alterna lo stato tra riconciliata e non riconciliata</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><keycap>↑</keycap> e <keycap>↓</keycap> permettono di spostarsi tra gli elementi nel riquadro selezionato</para>
</listitem>
@@ -2524,19 +2525,19 @@ Translators:
</sect1>
<sect1 id="txns-registers-txntypes">
<title>Simple vs. Split Transactions</title>
-
+
<para>Every transaction in <application>GnuCash</application> has at least two splits, but a transaction can have more than two splits. A transaction with only two splits is called a <emphasis>simple transaction</emphasis>, since it only involves the current account and a single remote account. A transaction with three or more accounts is called a <emphasis>split transaction</emphasis>.</para>
<para>When the register is in Basic view, you will see a summary of the splits affecting the current account. For a simple transaction, the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> column will display the other account from which money is <emphasis>transferred</emphasis>. For a split transaction, the <guilabel>Transfer</guilabel> column will display <guilabel>-- Split Transaction --</guilabel>. You can see the individual splits of each
transaction by clicking the <guibutton>Split</guibutton> button in the
<emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> while selecting the appropriate transaction.</para>
-
+
<para>Per le transazioni suddivise, la prima linea rappresenta la <emphasis>linea della transazione</emphasis>; essa contiene una <guilabel>Data</guilabel>, un <guilabel>Nr.</guilabel> opzionale (ad esempio il numero dell’assegno), la <guilabel>Descrizione</guilabel> della transazione, l’importo totale che interessa il conto selezionato (<guilabel>Deposito Tot</guilabel> in questo caso) e il <guilabel>Saldo</guilabel> aggiornato dopo la transazione corrente. Si noti che nella vista espansa, l’intestazione della colonna <guilabel>Trasferimento</guilabel> scompare, e non viene visualizzato nessun nome di conto in questo campo. Questa riga mostra solamente un sommario degli effetti della transazione sul conto selezionato. Per avere informazioni più dettagliate, occorre visualizzare le suddivisioni che compongono la transazione.</para>
<note>
- <para>Note: An account register displays a transaction when that
- transaction has a split assigned to the account. If a given transaction
- has more than one split assigned to a single account, then in Basic and
- Auto-Split view modes that transaction will appear in the register one
- time for each split assigned to that account. In Transaction Journal
+ <para>Note: An account register displays a transaction when that
+ transaction has a split assigned to the account. If a given transaction
+ has more than one split assigned to a single account, then in Basic and
+ Auto-Split view modes that transaction will appear in the register one
+ time for each split assigned to that account. In Transaction Journal
mode, such a transaction will only appear once in the register.</para>
</note>
@@ -2547,11 +2548,11 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit2.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Come cambiano le intestazioni per una suddivisione</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption><para>Questa immagine mostra come le intestazioni cambino per una suddivisione.</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
@@ -2567,11 +2568,11 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/txns_registersplit3.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Uno sguardo al conto <emphasis>Entrate:Stipendio</emphasis></phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption><para>Questa immagine mostra un salto al conto <emphasis>Entrate:Stipendio</emphasis>.</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
@@ -2630,7 +2631,7 @@ Translators:
<para>To add the paycheck split transaction from the<emphasis role="italic"> Assets:Checking</emphasis> account register window, click on a new transaction line and click <guilabel>Split</guilabel>. Note that if you have set your register view to Auto-Split or Transaction Journal, the splits will be opened for you. Enter the description of this transaction on the first line(e.g. “Employers R Usâ€). In the split lines below this, enter the various splits that make up this transaction, one by one. To enter the splits, first choose the account, then enter the amount by which to change the account. Keep in mind that when in an asset account register, amounts entered in the left column increase the account balance, while amounts entered in the right column decrease the balance (for more about this, see <xref linkend="basics-transactions2"/>). Tab or click the next split line and repeat the process. Note that if you are using the keyboard to navigate the transaction, use<keycap> Tab</keycap> to move from field to field, as using <keycap>Enter</keycap> will commit the transaction and create splits to an Imbalance account.</para>
<note>
<para>When creating a transaction in <application>GnuCash</application>, splits can be entered in any order.
- However, when the transaction is closed (either when leaving the transaction, or when
+ However, when the transaction is closed (either when leaving the transaction, or when
pressing the <keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key), all debit splits will jump ahead of all credit splits.</para>
</note>
@@ -2670,11 +2671,11 @@ Translators:
been cleared, but not reconciled. A split marked cleared signifies that you got some kind of confirmation
that the institution accepted the order (e.g. you have the restaurant's receipt for your credit card purchase).
You can toggle the reconciliation status
- between <emphasis>n</emphasis> and <emphasis>c</emphasis> by clicking in the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field; you can set
+ between <emphasis>n</emphasis> and <emphasis>c</emphasis> by clicking in the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field; you can set
it to <emphasis>y</emphasis> by using <xref linkend="txns-reconcile-window2"/>.</para>
-
+
<para>At the bottom of the account window, there are (among others) two running
- balances (the <guilabel>cleared</guilabel> and <guilabel>reconciled</guilabel> balance), and the
+ balances (the <guilabel>cleared</guilabel> and <guilabel>reconciled</guilabel> balance), and the
<guilabel>total</guilabel> balance. The former balances should correspond to how much money
the bank thinks you have in your account, while the latter includes outstanding transactions.</para>
@@ -2688,11 +2689,11 @@ Translators:
change to include this amount. When the bank statement arrives, you can
then compare it to what you’ve recorded in <application>GnuCash</application> by opening the reconciliation
window. There, you will be able to change the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field to <emphasis>y</emphasis> (reconciled).</para>
-
+
<note>
<para>You cannot reconcile directly in a register window by clicking in the <emphasis>R</emphasis> field. You must use the
reconciliation window. Once a transaction has been marked <emphasis>reconciled</emphasis>,
- it can no longer be easily changed without breaking the
+ it can no longer be easily changed without breaking the
<link linkend="rec-start-blnc"><guilabel>Starting Balance</guilabel></link> of the next reconciliation.</para>
</note>
@@ -2778,14 +2779,14 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para>Premendo questo pulsante verrà aperta una finestra che permette di inserire una transazione per gli interessi nel conto che sta per essere riconciliato.</para>
<tip>
- <para>The <guilabel>Interest Payment</guilabel> window might be opened automatically when you start a reconciliation
- for an account of the type <emphasis>Bank</emphasis>, <emphasis>Credit</emphasis>,
+ <para>The <guilabel>Interest Payment</guilabel> window might be opened automatically when you start a reconciliation
+ for an account of the type <emphasis>Bank</emphasis>, <emphasis>Credit</emphasis>,
<emphasis>Mutual</emphasis>, <emphasis>Asset</emphasis>, <emphasis>Receivable</emphasis>,
<emphasis>Payable</emphasis>, and <emphasis>Liability</emphasis>. If you want to disable
- this behavior for any of the previous accounts, go to the <guilabel>Register</guilabel> tab of the
+ this behavior for any of the previous accounts, go to the <guilabel>Register</guilabel> tab of the
<guilabel>GnuCash Preferences</guilabel> and uncheck the <guilabel>Automatic interest transfer</guilabel>
- option. Alternatively, to disable this behavior only for the selected account, press the
- <guibutton>No Auto Interest Payments for this Account</guibutton> button in the
+ option. Alternatively, to disable this behavior only for the selected account, press the
+ <guibutton>No Auto Interest Payments for this Account</guibutton> button in the
<guilabel>Interest Payment</guilabel> window.</para>
</tip>
</listitem>
@@ -2812,7 +2813,7 @@ Translators:
</screenshot>
<para>I due riquadri chiamati <guilabel>Fondi in ingresso</guilabel> e <guilabel>Fondi in uscita</guilabel> elencano tutte le transazioni non riconciliate. La colonna <guilabel>R</guilabel> mostra se le transazioni sono state riconciliate.</para>
-
+
<para>Si esamini ora ogni voce dell’estratto conto e si ricerchi l’elemento corrispondente nella finestra di riconciliazione.</para>
<para>Se non si è in grado di trovarne una, è probabile che ci si sia dimenticati di immetterla oppure non si era al corrente della transazione. È possibile utilizzare il pulsante <guibutton>Nuovo</guibutton> sulla <emphasis>barra degli strumenti</emphasis>, o la voce di menu <menuchoice><guimenu>Transazione</guimenu><guimenuitem>Nuovo</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, per aprire la finestra del registro e inserire la transazione mancante. La nuova transazione apparirà nella finestra di riconciliazione alla pressione del pulsante <guibutton>Inserisci</guibutton> dopo aver immesso la transazione.</para>
@@ -2820,7 +2821,7 @@ Translators:
<para>Quando si trova la voce corrispondente nella finestra di riconciliazione, confrontarne l’importo con quello che compare sull’estratto conto. Nel caso fossero diversi, potrebbe essere stato commesso un errore nell’immissione della transazione in <application>&app;</application>. È possibile utilizzare il pulsante <guibutton>Modifica</guibutton> nella barra degli strumenti o la voce del menu <menuchoice><guimenu>Transazione</guimenu><guimenuitem>Modifica</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, per aprire la finestra del registro e correggere la transazione.</para>
<para>Se gli importi corrispondono, fare clic sull’elemento nella finestra di <guilabel>Riconciliazione</guilabel>. Apparirà un segno di spunta nella colonna <guilabel>R</guilabel> a fianco della transazione selezionata. <application>&app;</application> aggiornerà automaticamente gli importi nel riquadro di ripilogo in basso a destra.</para>
-
+
<tip>
<para>È possibile utilizzare i tasti delle freccie <keycap>su</keycap>/<keycap>giù</keycap> per scorrere gli elementi, la <keycap>barra spaziatrice</keycap> per marcare l’elemento come riconciliato e il tasto <keycap>Tab</keycap> per cambiare riquadro.</para>
</tip>
@@ -2828,12 +2829,12 @@ Translators:
<para>Ripetere quindi queste operazioni per ogni voce presente nell’estratto conto della banca, verificando che l’importo corrisponda con quello in <application>&app;</application> e marcando le transazioni in <application>&app;</application> quando sono riconciliate.</para>
<para>In basso nella finestra di riconciliazione viene riportata la <guilabel>Differenza</guilabel>, che dovrebbe visualizzare €0,00 quando la riconciliazione è terminata. Se riporta qualche altro valore, o si è dimenticata una o più transazioni oppure alcuni importi potrebbero essere errati in <application>&app;</application> (o, più difficilmente, la banca ha fatto un errore).</para>
-
+
<note><para>Under some circumstances, it may be difficult or impossible to determine why an account will not reconcile. If you are unable to correct the discrepancy between your books and a statement, <application>GnuCash</application> includes a <guibutton>Balance</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> that will automatically create a balancing entry for you in the amount that cannot be reconciled.</para>
<para>To use this, carry out the full reconciliation (marking all transactions that you can identify) and then click this button. <application>GnuCash</application> will create a balancing entry for the remaining discrepancy that uses the <emphasis>Special Accounts:Orphan-XXX</emphasis> account (where "XXX" represents your currency). The Reconcile window will close; re-opening it will allow you to check the newly-created balancing entry and finish the process.</para></note>
<para>When you have marked off all the items on the bank statement and the difference is 0.00, press the <guibutton>Finish</guibutton> button on the <emphasis>Toolbar</emphasis> or
- select <menuchoice><guimenu>Reconcile</guimenu><guimenuitem>Finish</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the menu.
+ select <menuchoice><guimenu>Reconcile</guimenu><guimenuitem>Finish</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the menu.
The <guilabel>Reconcile</guilabel> window will close.
In the register window, the <guilabel>R</guilabel> field of the reconciled transactions will
change to <emphasis>y</emphasis>.</para>
@@ -2977,10 +2978,13 @@ Translators:
</imageobject>
<textobject>
- <phrase><guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel> — scheda <guilabel>In generale</guilabel></phrase>
+ <phrase>
+ <guimenuitem>Editor transazioni pianificate</guimenuitem> window,
+ <guilabel>In generale</guilabel> tab</phrase>
</textobject>
- <caption><para><guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel> — scheda <guilabel>Generali</guilabel></para></caption>
+ <caption><para><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Overview</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
@@ -2990,7 +2994,7 @@ Translators:
</note>
<para>Nel riquadro <guilabel>Opzioni</guilabel> della scheda <guilabel>Generali</guilabel> sono disponibili quattro opzioni:</para>
-
+
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term><guilabel>Attiva</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
@@ -3009,18 +3013,18 @@ Translators:
<para>Imposta il tempo in anticipio con cui la transazione pianificata verrà creata.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
-
+
<varlistentry><term><guilabel>Ricorda in anticipo di</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>Imposta l’anticipo con cui notificare la scadenza della transazione. È utile, per esempio, quando si deve pagare con un assegno; <application>&app;</application> può ricordare l’incombenza una settimana prima così da poter inviare l’assegno prima della scadenza.</para>
</listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Il riquadro <guilabel>Scadenze</guilabel> permette di dire a <application>&app;</application> che questa transazione non durerà per sempre; per esempio se si sta ripagando un prestito, si può selezionare la data di termine del prestito o il numero di rate rimanenti.</para>
-
+
<para>Selezionare poi la scheda della <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel> nell’<guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel>. Qui è possibile impostare le opzioni relative al tempo per la transazione.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="txns-sxn-editor-3-frequency">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject role="html">
@@ -3032,13 +3036,16 @@ Translators:
</imageobject>
<textobject>
- <phrase><guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel> — scheda <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel></phrase>
+ <phrase>
+ <guimenuitem>Editor transazioni pianificate</guimenuitem> window,
+ <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel> tab</phrase>
</textobject>
- <caption><para><guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel> — scheda <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel></para></caption>
+ <caption><para><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Frequency</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
-
+ </screenshot>
+
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term><guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
@@ -3054,24 +3061,24 @@ Translators:
<para>Imposta l’inizio della transazione. Nell’esempio, questa sarà l’inizio del mese prossimo.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
-
+
<varlistentry><term><guilabel>Ogni</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>Questa opzione permette di pianificare letransazioni in periodi multipli del valore impostato come <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel>. Per esempio, per creare una transazione pianificata ogni 3 settimane, impostare la <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel> a <guilabel>settimanale</guilabel> e il campo <guilabel>Ogni</guilabel> a <guilabel>3</guilabel>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
-
+
<varlistentry><term><guilabel>Poi il</guilabel> e <guilabel>a eccezione dei fine settimana</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>Imposta il giorno del mese in cui è pianificata la transazione e controlla il comportamento di <application>&app;</application> quando la scadenza coincide con un giorno del fine settimana.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
-
+
<note>
<para>La sottoscrizione è prelevata il 28 di ogni mese, quindi la <guilabel>Data d’inizio</guilabel> sarà il 1° Novembre 2003 (assumendo che Novembre sia il mese prossimo) e la <guilabel>Frequenza</guilabel> sarà <guilabel>mensile</guilabel>; verrà quindi prelevata il 28 di ogni mese. Dato che nell’esempio l’abbonamento internet viene prelevato automaticamente dal conto, non sarà necessario né creare la transazione in anticipo né impostare una data finale.</para>
</note>
-
+
<para>Quando le voci di questa scheda sono state completate, <application>&app;</application> evidenzierà le scadenze future nel calendario sulla parte inferiore della finestra.</para>
<para>Infine, selezionare la scheda del <guilabel>Modello di transazione</guilabel> e inserire la transazione nella parte bassa come si farebbe nel libro mastro, con la sola differenza che non è richiesta una data.</para>
@@ -3089,10 +3096,12 @@ Translators:
</imageobject>
<textobject>
- <phrase><guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel> — scheda <guilabel>Modello di transazione</guilabel></phrase>
+ <phrase><guimenuitem>Editor transazioni pianificate</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Modello di transazione</guilabel> tab</phrase>
</textobject>
- <caption><para><guilabel>Editor transazioni pianificate</guilabel> — scheda <guilabel>Modello di transazione</guilabel></para></caption>
+ <caption><para><guimenuitem>Edit Scheduled Transaction</guimenuitem>
+ window, <guilabel>Template Transaction</guilabel> tab</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
@@ -3121,7 +3130,7 @@ Translators:
<tip>
<para>Facendo clic nel calendario in corrispondenza del primo giorno del mese, una piccola finestra, che seguirà il mouse, mostrerà ciò che è pianificato in quel giorno. Per far scomparire la finestra è sufficiente fare clic su di essa una volta.</para>
</tip>
-
+
<para>Ora è possibile chiudere la scheda <guilabel>Transazioni pianificate</guilabel> e salvare il proprio lavoro.</para>
<note>
@@ -3151,7 +3160,7 @@ Translators:
<para>È possibile fare clic nella colonna <guilabel>Stato</guilabel> per modificare lo stato della transazione pianificata, se necessario. Fare poi clic sul pulsante <guibutton>Ok</guibutton> per chiudere la finestra <guilabel>Dall’ultimo avvio...</guilabel> e applicare le eventuali modifiche. Selezionare <guilabel>Annulla</guilabel> per scartare le operazioni impostate.</para>
<para>Se il campo <guilabel>Stato</guilabel> era già (o è stato impostato) a <guilabel>Da creare</guilabel>, se si controlla nel registro del conto bancario, si noterà che la transazione è stata creata:</para>
-
+
<tip>
<para>Abilitando l’opzione <guilabel>Controlla le transazioni create</guilabel> nella parte inferiore destra della finestra <guilabel>Dall’ultimo avvio...</guilabel>, <application>&app;</application> aprirà , dopo aver premuto il pulsante <guibutton>Ok</guibutton>, la scheda del registro di ogni conto in cui sono state inserite automaticamente le transazioni pianificate.</para>
</tip>
@@ -3383,7 +3392,7 @@ Translators:
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: December 7th 2009
modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Alex Aycinena <alex.aycinena at gmail.com>
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
@@ -3473,7 +3482,7 @@ Translators:
<sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-open2">
<title>Bilanci d’apertura</title>
-
+
<para>Si cominci aprendo il file salvato nell’ultimo capitolo (<filename>gcashdata_4</filename>). La struttura dei conti dovrebbe assomigliare a questa:</para>
<screenshot id="cbook-gcashdata4">
@@ -3481,7 +3490,7 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_gcashdata4.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>La struttura dei conti</phrase>
</textobject>
@@ -3505,14 +3514,14 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_transferin.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Il registro del conto corrente</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra il registro del conto corrente.</para>
- </caption>
+ </caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</listitem>
@@ -3525,31 +3534,31 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_checkexamp.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Il registro del conto corrente</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra il registro del conto corrente dopo l’inserimento di altri assegni.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para>Si supponga ora di dover prelevare del denaro. Nella struttura dei conti, non è ancora presente un conto per i liquidi, così sarà necessario crearne uno. Creare quindi il conto come <guilabel>Liquidi</guilabel> nella categoria di livello principale <guilabel>Attività </guilabel>. Dal registro del conto corrente, inserire un prelievo da ATM per trasferire €100 dal <emphasis>Conto corrente</emphasis> al conto <emphasis>Liquidi</emphasis> in data 25 Marzo.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cbook-atm">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_atm.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Il registro del conto corrente</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra il registro del conto corrente con un prelievo da ATM.</para>
</caption>
@@ -3558,11 +3567,11 @@ Translators:
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-reconcile">
<title>Bilanci d’apertura</title>
-
+
<para>A questo punto è possibile procedere alla riconciliazione del <emphasis>conto corrente</emphasis>, utilizzando questo semplice estratto conto:</para>
<screenshot id="cbook-bankstmt">
@@ -3570,53 +3579,53 @@ Translators:
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_bankstmt.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Un semplice estratto conto</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra un semplice estratto conto.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Selezionare <menuchoice><guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu><guimenuitem>Riconcilia</guimenuitem></menuchoice> dal menu e inserire il bilancio di chiusura di €1.451,79. Premere <guibutton>OK</guibutton> per iniziare la riconciliazione del conto. Marcare le voci come appaiono nell’estratto conto. Quando tutte le voci sono state marcate, la finestra di riconciliazione dovrebbe assomigliare a questa:</para>
-
- <screenshot id="cbook-reconexamp">
+
+ <screenshot id="cbook-reconexamp">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_reconexamp.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>La finestra di riconciliazione</phrase>
- </textobject>
-
+ </textobject>
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra la finestra di riconciliazione con una differenza di €5,00.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
<para>Si noti che il saldo riconciliato differisce dal saldo finale di €5,00. Se si osserva l’estratto conto della banca, si noterà la presenza di un costo di servizio di €5,00 che non è stato aggiunto nel <emphasis>conto corrente</emphasis>.</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para>Si deve quindi inserire nel registro del <emphasis>conto corrente</emphasis> un costo di servizio di €5,00. In una riga vuota del registro del <emphasis>conto corrente</emphasis>, inserire una transazione che trasferisca €5,00 dal <emphasis>conto corrente</emphasis> a un conto per i <emphasis>costi di servizio</emphasis> (sarà necessario creare questo conto nella categoria delle <guilabel>Uscite</guilabel>). Utilizzare la data di emissione dell’estratto conto come data per la transazione. Il <emphasis>conto corrente</emphasis> dovrebbe ora assomigliare a questo:</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cbook-servch">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_servch.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Il registro del conto corrente</phrase>
</textobject>
-
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra il registro del conto corrente con l’aggiunta del costo di servizio.</para>
</caption>
@@ -3626,13 +3635,13 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para>Tornando alla finestra di riconciliazione, dovrebbe ora essere visualizzata la tassa di servizio sotto la voce <guilabel>Fondi in uscita</guilabel>. Fare clic su di essa per marcarla come riconciliata; si noti come l’importo della differenza sia ora pari a 0,00. Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Termina</guibutton> nella <emphasis>barra degli strumenti</emphasis> per completare la riconciliazione. La colonna di riconciliazione <guilabel>R</guilabel> nel registro del <emphasis>Conto corrente</emphasis>, dovrebbe ora mostrare una <guilabel>s</guilabel> per ogni transazione appena riconciliata. Si osservi anche che la riga delle informazioni nel basso della finestra riporta <guilabel>Riconciliato: EUR 1.451,79</guilabel>.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cbook-reconciledCheckAct">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cbook_reconciledCheckAct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Bengt Thuree"/>
</imageobject>
-
+
<textobject>
<phrase>Il registro del conto corrente</phrase>
</textobject>
@@ -3643,7 +3652,7 @@ Translators:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</listitem>
-
+
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
@@ -3660,8 +3669,8 @@ Translators:
<textobject>
<phrase>La struttura dei conti</phrase>
- </textobject>
-
+ </textobject>
+
<caption>
<para>Questa immagine mostra la struttura dei conti.</para>
</caption>
@@ -3671,14 +3680,14 @@ Translators:
<sect2 id="cbook-puttoget-reports">
<title>Resoconti</title>
-
- <para>Come è stato fatto nel precedente capitolo, si dia uno sguardo ai resoconti <guilabel>Flusso di liquidi</guilabel> e <guilabel>Resoconto delle transazioni</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <para>Come è stato fatto nel precedente capitolo, si dia uno sguardo ai resoconti <guilabel>Flusso di liquidi</guilabel> e <guilabel>Resoconto delle transazioni</guilabel>.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Per primo verrà analizzato il resoconto del <guilabel>Flusso di liquidi</guilabel> per il mese di Marzo.</para>
<para>Selezionare il resoconto dei flussi di liquidi da <menuchoice><guimenu>Resoconti</guimenu><guisubmenu>Entrate e uscite</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Flusso di liquidi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cbook-puttoget2-Cash">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -3699,7 +3708,7 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para>Si controlli ora il corrispondente resoconto delle transazioni per i conti del patrimonio.</para>
<para>Selezionare il resoconto delle transazioni dal menu <menuchoice><guimenu>Resoconti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Resoconto delle transazioni</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cbook-puttoget2-TransactionRptChecking">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -3715,13 +3724,13 @@ Translators:
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
</listitem>
-
-
+
+
<listitem>
<para>Cambiare poi il resoconto delle transazioni in modo da mostrare solamente i vari conti delle <emphasis>Uscite</emphasis>.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cbook-puttoget2-TransactionRptExpenses">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -3737,11 +3746,11 @@ Translators:
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
</listitem>
-
+
</orderedlist>
-
+
<para>Un solo conto, presente nella struttura dei conti realizzata finora, non è ancora stato utilizzato: quello della <guilabel>Carta di credito</guilabel>. Ora che si è in grado di tenere traccia del conto bancario e dei contanti in <application>&app;</application>, si potrebbe voler iniziare a tenere traccia anche della propria carta di credito. <application>&app;</application> fornisce un particolare tipo di conto per le carte di credito che sarà discusso nel prossimo capitolo.</para>
</sect2>
@@ -3754,7 +3763,7 @@ Translators:
Version: 2.6.0
Last modified: September 12th 2016
modified: September 12th 2016
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Alex Aycinena <alex.aycinena at gmail.com>
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
@@ -3767,71 +3776,71 @@ Translators:
<chapter id="chapter_expenses">
<title>Expense Accounts</title>
- <para>If managing your checkbook is the first step in tracking your finances, then using expense accounts
- to see where you are expending money is a close second step. This chapter will give you an understanding of
- how <application>GnuCash</application> uses expense accounts to help you keep track of many different
+ <para>If managing your checkbook is the first step in tracking your finances, then using expense accounts
+ to see where you are expending money is a close second step. This chapter will give you an understanding of
+ how <application>GnuCash</application> uses expense accounts to help you keep track of many different
categories of transactions.</para>
-
+
<sect1 id="expenses-concepts">
<title>Concetti</title>
- <para>An expense type account is used to allow you to track how much you spend on specific
+ <para>An expense type account is used to allow you to track how much you spend on specific
expenses. Technically, expense accounts are not a part of traditional accounting,
but have become common with the increased capabilities of computer-based accounting systems.
- Many people's first experience with tracking expenses comes from Quicken(tm), where
- transactions can be assigned to one or more categories. In <application>GnuCash</application>, these categories
- are set up as separate accounts, which are designated as Expense type accounts.
- This allows <application>GnuCash</application> to apply the rules of double-entry accounting consistently.
- Expense accounts can be as detailed or as general as you need. Some users need only a few accounts for
- personal expense tracking. Others use <application>GnuCash</application> expense accounts to manage their expenses
- in great detail. The level of detail you choose is up to you. Keep in mind that with <application>GnuCash</application>,
- you can change accounts for transactions, so if your needs change later on, it is possible to move
+ Many people's first experience with tracking expenses comes from Quicken(tm), where
+ transactions can be assigned to one or more categories. In <application>GnuCash</application>, these categories
+ are set up as separate accounts, which are designated as Expense type accounts.
+ This allows <application>GnuCash</application> to apply the rules of double-entry accounting consistently.
+ Expense accounts can be as detailed or as general as you need. Some users need only a few accounts for
+ personal expense tracking. Others use <application>GnuCash</application> expense accounts to manage their expenses
+ in great detail. The level of detail you choose is up to you. Keep in mind that with <application>GnuCash</application>,
+ you can change accounts for transactions, so if your needs change later on, it is possible to move
transactions around.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="expenses-setup">
<title>Impostare i conti</title>
<sect2 id="expenses-su-simple">
<title>Simple Expense Account Setup</title>
- <para>For many users, the easiest way to set up expense accounts is to check the "Common Accounts"
- when you create a new Account Hierarchy. This will establish many of the most common expense accounts
+ <para>For many users, the easiest way to set up expense accounts is to check the "Common Accounts"
+ when you create a new Account Hierarchy. This will establish many of the most common expense accounts
that users need. See "New Account Hierarchy Setup" in Chapter 3 of the Help guide for more information.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="expenses-su-complex">
<title>Complex Expense Account Setup</title>
- <para>If you have different expense accounting needs, you can refer to <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/>,
- or Chapter 5.4 in the Help manual for instructions on how to create accounts.</para>
- <para>Typical reasons for adding new or different expense accounts include: to track
- expenses for particular business purposes (e.g., specific types of supply expenses),
- to track expenses for particular tax purposes (e.g., tax expenses that must be reported
- to others), or simply to track expenses that are meaningful to you (e.g., payments made
+ <para>If you have different expense accounting needs, you can refer to <xref linkend="chapter_txns"/>,
+ or Chapter 5.4 in the Help manual for instructions on how to create accounts.</para>
+ <para>Typical reasons for adding new or different expense accounts include: to track
+ expenses for particular business purposes (e.g., specific types of supply expenses),
+ to track expenses for particular tax purposes (e.g., tax expenses that must be reported
+ to others), or simply to track expenses that are meaningful to you (e.g., payments made
to a particular charity).</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="expenses-entering">
<title>Entering Expense Transactions</title>
- <para>While it is possible to enter transactions directly into expense accounts, it is
- not normally how these are entered. For most people, transactions for an expense account
- are added when the user is entering data into the other account in the transaction.
- In other words, if you have an expense account for Charitable Donations (e.g., Expenses:Charity),
- you will typically add a transaction to the expense account by assigning a check in your
+ <para>While it is possible to enter transactions directly into expense accounts, it is
+ not normally how these are entered. For most people, transactions for an expense account
+ are added when the user is entering data into the other account in the transaction.
+ In other words, if you have an expense account for Charitable Donations (e.g., Expenses:Charity),
+ you will typically add a transaction to the expense account by assigning a check in your
checking account register to the Charity account.</para>
- <para>If you open an expense account, you will see a register similar to most others you find
+ <para>If you open an expense account, you will see a register similar to most others you find
in <application>GnuCash</application>. The informal column headings for the transaction amounts
- are slightly different, however. The left (debit) column will read <emphasis>Tot Expense</emphasis>, while
+ are slightly different, however. The left (debit) column will read <emphasis>Tot Expense</emphasis>, while
the right (credit) column will read <emphasis>Tot Rebate</emphasis>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="expenses-other">
<title>Other Considerations for Expense Accounts</title>
- <para>Because expense accounts are generated entirely by you, there are no statements against
- which you would reconcile your data. Therefore, there is technically nothing to reconcile. You
- can, of course use the reconcile process for expense accounts, which will lock the transactions
+ <para>Because expense accounts are generated entirely by you, there are no statements against
+ which you would reconcile your data. Therefore, there is technically nothing to reconcile. You
+ can, of course use the reconcile process for expense accounts, which will lock the transactions
for future editing.</para>
- <para>One point to consider is that as your use of <application>GnuCash</application> continues, the
- balances in these accounts will grow, since there are usually very few credit transactions that
- reduce the balances. There is nothing wrong with this situation, but some users may wish to clear
- the balances in their expense accounts periodically. Zeroing transactions can be entered that
- transfer the balance of the account to an Equity account. <application>GnuCash</application> includes
- a Closing Books procedure that includes zeroing out expense accounts. Keep in mind that this is
- not necessary, and that if you need to gather information on a given expense account, you can
+ <para>One point to consider is that as your use of <application>GnuCash</application> continues, the
+ balances in these accounts will grow, since there are usually very few credit transactions that
+ reduce the balances. There is nothing wrong with this situation, but some users may wish to clear
+ the balances in their expense accounts periodically. Zeroing transactions can be entered that
+ transfer the balance of the account to an Equity account. <application>GnuCash</application> includes
+ a Closing Books procedure that includes zeroing out expense accounts. Keep in mind that this is
+ not necessary, and that if you need to gather information on a given expense account, you can
use various reports to extract that data without zeroing the account out.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
@@ -3839,7 +3848,7 @@ Translators:
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -4186,22 +4195,22 @@ Translators:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="cc-puttoget-save">
<title>Salvare il file</title>
<para>In ultimo, salvare il file dei dati di <application>&app;</application> (<filename>gcashdata_6</filename>).</para>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="cc-puttoget-reports">
<title>Resoconti</title>
-
- <para>Come è stato fatto nel precedente capitolo, si darà uno sguardo ai resoconti per il <guilabel>Flusso di liquidi</guilabel> e per le <guilabel>Transazioni</guilabel>.</para>
+
+ <para>Come è stato fatto nel precedente capitolo, si darà uno sguardo ai resoconti per il <guilabel>Flusso di liquidi</guilabel> e per le <guilabel>Transazioni</guilabel>.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Dapprima si analizzi il resoconto del <guilabel>Flusso di liquidi</guilabel> per il conto <guilabel>Visa</guilabel> delle passività per il mese di Marzo.</para>
<para>Selezionare il resoconto dei flussi di liquidi da <menuchoice><guimenu>Resoconti</guimenu><guisubmenu>Entrate e uscite</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Flusso di liquidi</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cc-puttoget2-Cash">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -4222,7 +4231,7 @@ Translators:
<listitem>
<para>Controllare ora il corrispondente resoconto delle transazioni per il conto Visa.</para>
<para>Selezionare il resoconto delle transazioni dal menu <menuchoice><guimenu>Resoconti</guimenu><guimenuitem>Resoconto delle transazioni</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cc-puttoget2-TransactionRptVisa">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -4238,13 +4247,13 @@ Translators:
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
</listitem>
-
-
+
+
<listitem>
<para>Cambiare ora il resoconto delle transazioni in modo da mostrare solamente i vari conti delle uscite.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="cc-puttoget2-TransactionRptExpenses">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -4260,13 +4269,13 @@ Translators:
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
</listitem>
-
+
</orderedlist>
- </sect2>
-
-
+ </sect2>
+
+
</sect1>
</chapter>
@@ -4274,7 +4283,7 @@ Translators:
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -4516,8 +4525,8 @@ Interesse continuo: <emphasis>i = ln[(1+ieff)^PF]</emphasis>
<emphasis>PMT = -[FV + PV*(A + 1)]/[A*B]</emphasis>
<emphasis>FV = -[PV + A*(PV + C)]</emphasis>
-La soluzione per l’interesse è suddivisa in due casi.
-Il caso semplice in cui PMT == 0 fornisce la soluzione:
+The solution for interest is broken into two cases.
+The simple case for when PMT == 0 gives the solution:
<emphasis>i = [FV/PV]^(1/n) - 1</emphasis>
</literallayout>
@@ -4658,14 +4667,14 @@ Il caso semplice in cui PMT == 0 fornisce la soluzione:
<para>L’esempio descritto sarà basato sulla seguente struttura dei conti.</para>
<literallayout>
--AttivitÃ
- -Banca
- -Conto bancario
- -Denaro prestato
- -Persona
--Entrate
- -Interessi in entrata
- -Persona
+-Asset
+ -Bank
+ -Bank Account
+ -Money owed to you
+ -Person
+-Income
+ -Interest Income
+ -Person
</literallayout>
<para>Questo esempio mostrerà come gestire un prestito personale di 2.000 EUR (valuta predefinita) al proprio amico di nome Mario</para>
@@ -5051,7 +5060,7 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2>
<title>Una transazione più complessa</title>
@@ -5075,13 +5084,13 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
</literallayout></para>
<para>Si supponga di aver acquistato in passato una casa per €300.000 e che sia stato tenuto sotto controllo il mercato immobiliare registrando il valore della casa a una certa data. Al momento di venderla, è stato determinato un valore di mercato pari a €600.000.</para>
-
+
<para>La differenza tra €600.000 (valore di mercato stimato) e €300.000 (costo di acquisto) è l’attuale valore del guadagno non realizzato. Quindi si ha un valore totale di €300.000 nel proprio conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Casa:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis>.</para>
-
+
<para>Come registrare questa transazione di vendita?</para>
<para>Per registrala si dovrà aumentare il saldo del conto bancario di €600.000 e diminuire il saldo di un altro conto di €600.000. Prima di tutto occorre cambiare il conto delle entrate da guadagni non realizzati a guadagni realizzati. Infine è sufficiente trasferire l’intero importo dal sottoconto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:Casa</emphasis>.</para>
-
+
<para>La transazione inserita nel conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni realizzati:Casa</emphasis> dovrebbe assomigliare a questa.</para>
<para><table>
@@ -5116,7 +5125,7 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table></para>
-
+
<para>La transazione inserita nel conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> dovrebbe assomigliare a questa.</para>
<para><table>
@@ -5147,7 +5156,7 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
<entry>€300.000</entry>
</row>
-
+
<row>
<entry>Attività :Beni immobili:Casa:Guadagni non realizzati</entry>
@@ -5163,8 +5172,8 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
</sect2>
-
-
+
+
</sect1>
<!--
<sect1 id="loans_missing1">
@@ -5192,7 +5201,7 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
Last modified: December 7th 2009
modified: January 10th 2007
modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Alex Aycinena <alex.aycinena at gmail.com>
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
@@ -5487,7 +5496,7 @@ Capitale:Bilanci di apertura:EUR
</application> (the Price Database - <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools
</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>). This
contains prices for individual securities (not security accounts). All
- prices for an individual security are in a single currency. If a
+ prices for an individual security are in a single currency. If a
security is traded in multiple currencies, then a separate security and
separate accounts should be set up of each currency.
</para>
@@ -5784,7 +5793,7 @@ Entrate
<listitem>
<para><emphasis>Creare il titolo</emphasis> - premere il pulsante <guibutton>Nuovo...</guibutton> e inserire le informazioni appropriate per l’azione nel modulo <guilabel>Nuovo titolo</guilabel>.</para>
- <!-- Open inter most loop (#3)
+ <!-- Open inner most loop (#3)
-->
<itemizedlist>
@@ -5839,7 +5848,7 @@ Entrate
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <!-- Close inter most loop
+ <!-- Close inner most loop
-->
</listitem>
@@ -5985,7 +5994,7 @@ Entrate
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><guilabel>Titolo</guilabel></term>
+ <term><guilabel>Titolo</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>Il nome della commodity, deve essere scelto dall’elenco che compare premendo il pulsante <guibutton>Seleziona...</guibutton>.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -6104,7 +6113,7 @@ Entrate
</para>
<para><emphasis role="strong">Mac OS X:</emphasis> è necessario avere installato XCode. XCode è un elemento opzionale del DVD di installazione della distribuzione di OSX. Eseguire l’applicazione <emphasis role="strong">Aggiorna Finance Quote</emphasis> nel dmg di <application>&app;</application>. È possibile eseguirla dal dmg o copiarla nella stessa cartella in cui è stato copiato <application>&app;</application>. Verrà aperta una finestra del terminale ed eseguito uno script che porrà diverse domande. Accettare le risposte predefinite a meno che non si conoscano gli effetti di ogni risposta.</para>
-
+
<para><emphasis role="strong">Linux:</emphasis><itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Chiudere qualsiasi istanza di <application>&app;</application> in esecuzione.</para>
@@ -6220,7 +6229,7 @@ Entrate
<title>Vendere le azioni</title>
<para>Entering an investment you are selling is done in the same way as
- buying one (see <xref linkend="invest-buy-new2"/>) except the total cost
+ buying one (see <xref linkend="invest-buy-new2"/>) except the total cost
of the transaction is entered in the
<emphasis>Sell</emphasis> column and the <emphasis>Shares</emphasis>
column is entered as a negative amount. The net proceeds from the sale
@@ -6231,8 +6240,8 @@ Entrate
<note>
<para>In order to get <application>GnuCash</application> to commit this
- zero-share, zero-price split to the transaction, you *must*
- <keycap>Tab</keycap> out of the split. If you use the
+ zero-share, zero-price split to the transaction, you *must*
+ <keycap>Tab</keycap> out of the split. If you use the
<keycap function="enter">Enter</keycap> key, <application>GnuCash</application>
will convert the split into shares of the commodity.</para>
</note>
@@ -6559,7 +6568,7 @@ Entrate
</tgroup>
</table>
- <note>
+ <note>
<para>É possibile anche inserire la perdita come un numero positivo nella colonna <quote>Compra</quote> o come un numero negativo nella colonna <quote>Vendi</quote>; <application>&app;</application> sposterà automaticamente il <quote>profitto negativo</quote> nell’altra colonna.</para>
</note>
@@ -6597,64 +6606,999 @@ Entrate
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="invest-dividends1">
- <title>Dividendi</title>
- <para>Alcune società o fondi comuni rendono periodicamente dei dividendi agli azionisti. I dividendi vengono normalmente forniti in due modalità diverse: o vengono automaticamente reinvestiti nella commodity o sono restituiti come liquidi. I fondi comuni sono spesso impostati per reinvestire automaticamente i dividendi, mentre i dividendi per le azioni comuni vengono generalmente pagati in liquidi.</para>
+ <sect2 id="invest-sellLots">
+ <title>Automatic Calculation of Capital Gain or Loss Using Lots</title>
- <sect2 id="invest-dividendcash">
- <title>Dividendi liquidi</title>
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellLotsIntro">
+ <title>Introduzione</title>
- <para>If the dividend is presented as cash, you should record the
- transaction in the asset account that received the money, as income
- from <emphasis>Income:Dividends</emphasis>. Additionally if you want to tie
- the cash dividend to a particular stock holding then add a dummy
- transaction split to the stock account with quantity 0 price 1 value 0.</para>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot">Wikipedia</ulink>
+ includes the following definition of a lot
+ </para>
- <para>As an example consider the following; the dividends
- deposited as cash into the <emphasis>Broker</emphasis> Account with a tie
- to the stock account.</para>
+ <para><quote>a set of goods for sale together in an auction; or a
+ quantity of a financial instrument</quote>.
+ </para>
- <screenshot id="invest-dividendcash1">
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject role="html">
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson" width="510px"/>
- </imageobject>
- <imageobject role="fo">
- <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson"/>
- </imageobject>
+ <para>
+ <application>GnuCash</application> has a built-in lot management
+ facility that can be used to keep track of capital gains or losses
+ resulting from security sales. Buy and sell transactions are put into
+ lots for the purpose of calculating the cost of the sale. More
+ specifically, a lot is used to link particular buy and sell
+ transaction splits. Lots can be automatically or manually created and
+ linked. Capital gain or loss can be automatically calculated and
+ transaction(s) created for the difference between the sale value and
+ the cost of the securities sold. <application>GnuCash</application>
+ refers to this process as <emphasis>scrubbing</emphasis>.
+ </para>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per dividendi liquidi</phrase>
- </textobject>
+ <para>The term <emphasis>scrub</emphasis> is used because security
+ accounts need to be cleaned after sales to ensure the difference
+ between the cost paid for securities, and value received from selling
+ them, is accounted for as capital gain or loss. If the capital
+ gain/loss is not correct, the Trial Balance
+ (<menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>) bottom line total debits will not balance to
+ total credits.
+ </para>
- <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto di <emphasis>mediazione</emphasis> dopo una serie di dividendi liquidi.</para></caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
+ <note><para>If you make an error, you can delete the capital gain/loss
+ transaction(s) and lot(s) and retry.</para>
+ </note>
- <note>
- <para>Se si desidera registrare i dividendi per ogni azione, sarà necessario creare un conto <emphasis>Entrate:Dividendi:SIMBOLO AZIONE</emphasis> per ogni azione posseduta che genera dividendi.</para>
- </note>
+ <para>
+ If you are not familiar with FIFO, LIFO or Average costing, please see
+ Wikipedia <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_and_LIFO_accounting">
+ FIFO and LIFO accounting</ulink> and <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_cost_method">
+ Average cost method</ulink>.
+ </para>
- </sect2>
+ <para>
+ If you are not familiar with the difference between <application>GnuCash
+ </application> transactions and splits, please see
+ <xref linkend="txns-registers-txntypes"/>.
+ </para>
- <sect2 id="invest-dividendreinvest">
- <title>Dividendi reinvestiti</title>
+ <para>
+ The <application>GnuCash</application> lot management facility can be a
+ useful feature, reducing manual calculation, especially if dividends
+ have been reinvested over years and there are many different costs
+ involved. It can automatically link buy transactions to sell
+ transactions using FIFO cost method and one can manually link specific
+ buy transactions to sell transactions in order to use LIFO.
+ Advanced Portfolio Report basis costs and gains/losses will agree with
+ the costs and gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing if either
+ the FIFO or LIFO cost methods are used.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
- <para>Se i dividendi sono ricevuti sotto forma di un reinvestimento automatico, la transazione corrispondente dovrebbe avvenire all’interno del conto dell’azione o del fondo comune come entrata dal conto <quote>Entrate:Dividendi</quote> per il numero di quote effettivamente reinvestite. Generalmente ci si riferisce a questo tipo di reinvestimento con la sigla DRIP (Dividend Re-Investment Program).</para>
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellLotsWin">
+ <title>Lots in Account Window</title>
+ <para>
+ The <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window, where SSSS is
+ a security account, is used to manually or automatically link
+ security transaction splits to lots and create capital gain/loss
+ transactions to account for the difference between the costs of buying
+ a security and the value received by selling it.
+ </para>
- <para>As an example consider the following purchase of NSTAR (NST) stock with the
- dividends reinvested into a DRIP Account. Mutual fund re-investments would be the same.
- </para>
+ <para>To open the <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window, open the
+ security account register, then select
+ <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>.
+ </para>
- <para>Starting with the purchase of 100 shares on Jan. 3, 2005, all dividends will be
- reinvested and an account is created to track the dividend to the specific stock. <application>GnuCash</application>
- simplifies the entry by allowing calculations within the cells of the transaction. If the
- first dividend is $.29/share, enter $53.28 (purchase price + dividend) in the share <guilabel>Price</guilabel>
- cell and 100*.29 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> cell. <application>GnuCash</application> will calculate for you the
- corresponding numer of <guilabel>Shares</guilabel></para>
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots in Account window
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="tool-lotsInAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Refer to the Help Manual, Chapter 8 Tools & Assistants,
+ <ulink url="https://www.gnucash.org/docs/v2.6/C/gnucash-help/tool-lots.html">
+ Lots in Account
+ </ulink> for details of the Lots in Account screen elements.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellProcedure">
+ <title>Procedure Summary</title>
+
+ <para>Using the lot management facility for the automatic calculation of
+ capital gain or loss typically follows these steps:
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <!-- Manual Lot Creation and Linking -->
+ <listitem><para><xref linkend="invest-sellManual"/> (Optional
+ depending on cost method)</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <!-- Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions -->
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAuto"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <!-- Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account -->
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <!-- Run a Trial Balance -->
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellTrialBal"/> report to ensure total
+ debits balance to total credits</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellManual">
+ <title>Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
+
+ <para>Before using this feature, ensure you have read
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>This functionality allows the manual linking of specfic buy and
+ sell transactions. It may be used in the case where a user wishes to
+ use a different cost method than the automatic linking method (FIFO).
+ Effectively, if one wishes the cost basis and capital gains in the
+ Advanced Portfolio Report to be consistent with the capital gains
+ transactions created by scrubbing, manual lot creation only needs to
+ be used when using LIFO or <quote>sale of designated lots</quote>
+ (the same thing for securities as far as US personal tax law is
+ concerned). This is because the scrub function can automatically do
+ FIFO linking so there is no need to do it manually and scrubbing
+ cannot be used for average costing.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellManualExample"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellAuto">
+ <title>Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss Transactions</title>
+ <note><para>Do <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this unless you are using
+ FIFO or LIFO to cost sales. See
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellConsiderations"/></para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> can automatically calculate and
+ create security sale capital gain/loss transactions. Lots are used to
+ link buy transaction splits with sell transaction splits so the
+ correct cost of the securities sold can be determined.
+ <application>GnuCash</application> will use any existing lots, and
+ create new lots for any buy transaction splits not already linked to a
+ lot. Buy and sell transaction splits are linked to lots using FIFO
+ method.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See:</para>
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample"/></para>
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellAutoExample2"/></para>
+ <para><xref linkend="invest-sellFifoSplit"/></para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct">
+ <title>Change Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The capital gain/loss transaction(s) created by scrubbing uses an
+ automatically created generic <emphasis>Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis>
+ account (where CCC is the security currency) because <application>
+ GnuCash</application> doesn't know which capital gain or loss account
+ should be used. After scrubbing, the user should edit the <emphasis>
+ Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
+ income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or loss
+ account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellTrialBal">
+ <title>Run a Trial Balance</title>
+ <para>Running a Trial Balance report
+ (<menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Reports</guimenu>
+ <guisubmenu>Income & Expense</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Trial Balance</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice>) after creating capital gain/loss
+ transactions, is a basic check that capital gains/losses are
+ correctly accounting for the difference between the cost paid for
+ securities, and value received from selling them. At the end of the
+ report, total debits should equal total credits.
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>A Trial Balance may not balance due to some other problem. To
+ determine if the cause of an imbalance is from incorrectly
+ accounting for capital gain/loss:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If necessary, temporarily change the date of the sell
+ transaction and the capital gain/loss transaction, so they are
+ the only transactions for a particular date, then run the Trial
+ Balance as at the day before. If the Trial Balance is still out
+ by the same amount, it is not the capital gain/loss that is
+ causing the problem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If you find a prior <emphasis>out of balance
+ </emphasis> Trial Balance, keep running the Trial Balance
+ report with different dates until you find the date it starts
+ being out of balance. Temporarily change the transaction dates
+ for each transaction on the problem date to the following
+ day, then change the dates back to the correct date 1 at a time,
+ running the Trial Balance each time, until you identify the
+ problem transaction. When you change the date of a security
+ sell transaction, you also need to change the date of the
+ corresponding capital gain transaction as it is only the
+ sum of these that will balance in the Trial Balance.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellConsiderations">
+ <title>Considerations</title>
+
+ <para>There are some points that should be considered before using the
+ lot management facility.
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> implements only the First In/
+ First Out (FIFO) cost method when automatically linking buy
+ transactions to sell transactions. I.e. The oldest securities are
+ always sold first. The Last In First Out (LIFO) cost method may be
+ used by manually linking the most recent buy security splits to
+ the sell split before scrubbing.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The Advanced Portfolio Report does not use lot information
+ when calculating costs, just the security transaction splits. It
+ calculates the cost basis and gains or losses using the selected
+ <emphasis>Basis calculation method</emphasis> report option
+ (Average, FIFO or LIFO). If one wishes the Advanced Portfolio
+ Report costs and gains/losses to be consistent with the capital
+ gain/loss transactions created by scrubbing, the same cost model
+ must be used in both places.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Scrubbing does not work correctly if there has been a previous
+ sale where the capital gain splits have been manually entered as
+ part of the sale transaction. Therefore ensure previous sales are
+ recorded as 2 transactions:
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Transaction 1 dealing with value received, reduction of the
+ number of shares and (optionally) commission
+ </title>
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Brokerage or Bank</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry>Debit</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Commission (optional)</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry>Debit</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Titolo</entry>
+ <entry>-NumSold</entry>
+ <entry>SaleUnitPrice</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry>SaleValue</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Transaction 2 capital gain/loss (loss in this example)
+ </title>
+ <tgroup cols="5">
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><emphasis>Conto</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Tot Shares</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>(Unit) Price</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Buy (Debit)</emphasis></entry>
+ <entry><emphasis>Sell (Credit)</emphasis></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Capital Loss</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry>Debit</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Titolo</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ <entry/>
+ <entry>Credit</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The automatic capital gains calculations can handle
+ straightforward buy, sell, and return of capital transactions but
+ any transaction that affect the number of shares, even simple
+ splits, will cause it to produce wrong answers so those cases must
+ be handled manually.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellManualExample">
+ <title>Example of Manual Lot Creation and Linking</title>
+
+ <para>Here is an example of selling part of a security holding using
+ the LIFO method. In this example, the most recent buy transaction
+ (dated 01/07/2016, a reinvested dividend), is linked to a lot, along
+ with the sell transaction, and the <application>GnuCash</application>
+ scrub function is used to calculate capital gain or loss and create
+ the capital gain/loss transaction.
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Open the security account's register.</para>
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Security register before
+ scrubbing a single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots0reg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots0_RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register before lot scrubbing
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, before lot scrubbing.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ensure all previous capital gain/loss transactions
+ are separate transactions to the sell transactions which record the
+ reduction in the number of shares and the value received.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select
+ <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem>
+ </menuchoice> to open the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel>
+ window where SSSS is the security account.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots1B4CreateLot">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots1_BeforeCreateLot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before lot scrubbing
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window before lot scrubbing.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create a new lot using the <guimenu>New Lot</guimenu> button.
+ Initially this lot is not linked to any buy or sell split.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Highlight the new lot in the <guilabel>Lots in This
+ Account</guilabel> panel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Highlight the buy split (dated 01/07/2016) of the
+ security to be sold in the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> panel.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the buy
+ split with the highlighted lot. The split moves from the <guilabel>
+ Splits free</guilabel> panel to the <guilabel>Splits in Lot
+ </guilabel> panel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Repeat the previous 2 steps for any other buy splits
+ that should be included in the lot (in this example, there is only
+ 1 buy split in the sale).</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Highlight the sell split in the <guilabel>Splits free
+ </guilabel> panel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel> >> </guilabel> button to link the sell
+ split with the highlighted lot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Check the lot <guilabel>Balance</guilabel> is as expected.
+ I.e. in this example the lot balance should be zero as the number
+ of securities sold in the lot, is matched with the same number of
+ security buys.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before scrubbing a
+ single lot, after manual linking
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots2B4Scrub1Lot">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots2_BeforeScrub1Lot.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window before scrubbing a single lot.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button (<emphasis>NOT
+ </emphasis> the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The <guilabel>Lots in Account</guilabel> window has not
+ changed after using the <guilabel>Scrub</guilabel> button
+ so no example screen image is supplied.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Continue to
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample">
+ <title>Example 1 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+ Transactions</title>
+
+ <para>Create the capital gains transaction by following these steps:
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Open the security account's register.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ensure the sell transaction has been entered with no
+ splits for capital gains or losses.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Select <menuchoice><guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
+ <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
+ security account.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If using LIFO, use the above procedure
+ <xref linkend="invest-sellManual"/> to create a lot for each sell
+ transaction, link the lot with the sell transaction and each of
+ the buy transactions that make up the sale.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button which:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Creates lots for any buy transactions that are not already
+ linked to a lot and links them to sell transactions splits
+ using the FIFO method. As a transaction split can only
+ be linked to 1 lot, if a sell transaction needs to be linked
+ to multiple lots, the sell transaction split is itself split
+ into multiple subsplits. In the case of multiple subsplits,
+ it is possible to have different splits from the same
+ transaction in both the <guilabel>Splits free</guilabel> and
+ <guilabel>Splits in lot</guilabel> panels.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Creates a separate transaction per lot for
+ capital gain/loss.</para>
+
+ <note><para>
+ If there are already gain/loss splits as part of a sell
+ transaction, <application>GnuCash</application> scrubbing does
+ not recognize them. So if manually adding gain/loss,
+ separate gain/loss transaction splits from the transaction
+ that reduces the <guilabel>No of Shares</guilabel>) by putting
+ them in a separate transaction if you may use scrubbing in
+ future.</para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Continue with the instructions in the next section.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellAutoExample2">
+ <title>Example 2 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+ Transactions - 2 Sales at Once</title>
+
+ <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot creation.
+ In this example, the transactions for 2 sales are scrubbed at once
+ but usually scrubbing would be performed after each sale. One reason
+ for scrubbing 2 sales at once, could be because there were multiple
+ sales on the same day.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register before Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots0reg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots0RegB4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register before Scrub Account is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, before Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Select <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>
+ <guimenuitem>View Lots</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to open the
+ <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window where SSSS is the
+ security account.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots before Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots1B4ScrubAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots1B4Scrub.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window before Scrub Account
+ is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window before Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Click the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button.</para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lots after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots2AftScrubAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots2LotsAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of Lots in Account window after using Scrub
+ Account
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>Lots in Account
+ </emphasis> window after using Scrub Account.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>After using the <guilabel>Scrub Account</guilabel> button only
+ the last lot is shown, so the above image is after the <guilabel>
+ Lots in Account</guilabel> window has been closed and reopened so
+ all the lots show.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window and
+ return to the security account register.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest2-lots3AftScrubAcct">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest2Lots3RegAftScrubAcct.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after using Scrub Account
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
+ </emphasis> after using Scrub Account.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>The security splits in the sell transactions have been split
+ into subsplits, one subsplit per lot, and a capital gain transaction
+ has been created for each security subsplit of each sell
+ transaction.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Continue to <xref linkend="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcct"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellFifoSplit">
+ <title>Example 3 of Automatic Creation of Capital Gain Or Loss
+ Transactions - After a Simple Stock Split</title>
+ <para>Here is an example of FIFO scrubbing without manual lot
+ creation/linking, where the Stock Split Assistant has been used for a
+ simple stock split. In this example, 100 shares of security XYZ were
+ bought for $10.00 each, there was a simple 2 for 1 stock split for
+ zero cost (so the holding was then 200 shares @ $5.00 each), then all
+ 200 shares were sold for $6.00 each.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitReg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 0 after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot0">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot0.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Lot 1 after Scrub Account
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="investLotsSplitLot1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLotsSplitLot1.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after Scrub Account is used.
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the Security Account register in
+ transaction journal view, after Scrub Account is used.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ The above screen shots show that scrubbing created:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>2 lots. A separate lot for each buy (it essentially treats the
+ stock split as a buy of 100 for no cost)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>2 capital gain transactions (one for each lot) on the date of the
+ sale:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Lot 0: 1/7/2009 loss $400 (sale $600 - cost $1000)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Lot 1: 1/7/2009 gain $600 (sale $600 - cost $0)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Total gain $200 is correct. Whether the gain is a single long-term
+ one or one each of long-term and short-term or whether there's even a
+ distinction depends on the user's tax jurisdiction and the way the
+ split is structured. If the user needs help figuring it out they
+ should consult a professional.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="invest-sellChgCapGainsAcctExample">
+ <title>Example of Changing the Orphaned Gains-CCC to Gain/Loss Account</title>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Close the <guilabel>Lots in Account SSSS</guilabel> window if
+ open and return to the security account register.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure pgwide="1">
+ <title>Selling Shares - Capital Gains - Register after scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </title>
+ <screenshot id="invest-lots4AftScrub1LotReg">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots4_AfterScrub1LotReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/investLots4_AfterScrub1LotReg.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Chris Good"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Example of security register after scrubbing a
+ single lot
+ </phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>An image of the <emphasis>security register
+ </emphasis> after scrubbing a single lot.</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Find each new <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>
+ transaction in the security account register (they will
+ have the same date as the sell transactions). Edit the <emphasis>
+ Orphaned Gains-CCC</emphasis> transaction split to re-assign the
+ income account to a more meaningful income (or expense) gain or
+ loss account (e.g. <emphasis>Income:Long Term Capital
+ Gain:IBM</emphasis>).
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ <para>You may like to split the capital gain/loss into
+ taxable and non taxable parts if that is in accord with your
+ tax laws.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-dividends1">
+ <title>Dividendi</title>
+
+ <para>Alcune società o fondi comuni rendono periodicamente dei dividendi agli azionisti. I dividendi vengono normalmente forniti in due modalità diverse: o vengono automaticamente reinvestiti nella commodity o sono restituiti come liquidi. I fondi comuni sono spesso impostati per reinvestire automaticamente i dividendi, mentre i dividendi per le azioni comuni vengono generalmente pagati in liquidi.</para>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-dividendcash">
+ <title>Dividendi liquidi</title>
+
+ <para>If the dividend is presented as cash, you should record the
+ transaction in the asset account that received the money, as income
+ from <emphasis>Income:Dividends</emphasis>. Additionally if you want to tie
+ the cash dividend to a particular stock holding then add a dummy
+ transaction split to the stock account with quantity 0 price 1 value 0.</para>
+
+ <para>As an example consider the following; the dividends
+ deposited as cash into the <emphasis>Broker</emphasis> Account with a tie
+ to the stock account.</para>
+
+ <screenshot id="invest-dividendcash1">
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject role="html">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson" width="510px"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <imageobject role="fo">
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/invest_dividendcash.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Daniel Dodson"/>
+ </imageobject>
+
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Esempio di transazioni per dividendi liquidi</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+
+ <caption><para>Un’immagine del registro del conto di <emphasis>mediazione</emphasis> dopo una serie di dividendi liquidi.</para></caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>Se si desidera registrare i dividendi per ogni azione, sarà necessario creare un conto <emphasis>Entrate:Dividendi:SIMBOLO AZIONE</emphasis> per ogni azione posseduta che genera dividendi.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="invest-dividendreinvest">
+ <title>Dividendi reinvestiti</title>
+
+ <para>Se i dividendi sono ricevuti sotto forma di un reinvestimento automatico, la transazione corrispondente dovrebbe avvenire all’interno del conto dell’azione o del fondo comune come entrata dal conto <quote>Entrate:Dividendi</quote> per il numero di quote effettivamente reinvestite. Generalmente ci si riferisce a questo tipo di reinvestimento con la sigla DRIP (Dividend Re-Investment Program).</para>
+
+ <para>As an example consider the following purchase of NSTAR (NST) stock with the
+ dividends reinvested into a DRIP Account. Mutual fund re-investments would be the same.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Starting with the purchase of 100 shares on Jan. 3, 2005, all dividends will be
+ reinvested and an account is created to track the dividend to the specific stock. <application>GnuCash</application>
+ simplifies the entry by allowing calculations within the cells of the transaction. If the
+ first dividend is $.29/share, enter $53.28 (purchase price + dividend) in the share <guilabel>Price</guilabel>
+ cell and 100*.29 in the <guilabel>Buy</guilabel> cell. <application>GnuCash</application> will calculate for you the
+ corresponding numer of <guilabel>Shares</guilabel></para>
<screenshot id="invest-dividendreinvest1">
<mediaobject>
@@ -6677,34 +7621,34 @@ Entrate
</sect2>
</sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="invest-retofcap">
+
+ <sect1 id="invest-retofcap">
<title>Return of Capital</title>
-
+
<para>This refers to a transaction where an investment returns capital to
the investor and doesn't have any accounting implications other than
reducing the cost basis. The number of shares held is not changed.
</para>
-
+
<para>A Return of Capital transaction can be entered in the stock register
by entering the stock split with
</para>
-
+
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>Quote</entry><entry>0</entry>
</row>
-
+
<row>
<entry>Prezzo</entry><entry>0</entry>
</row>
-
+
<row>
<entry>Vendi</entry><entry>Return of Capital value</entry>
</row>
-
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
@@ -6815,7 +7759,7 @@ Entrate
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
<screenshot id="invest-split3">
@@ -6926,7 +7870,7 @@ Entrate
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>Premere il pulsante <guibutton>Avanti</guibutton>.</para>
<screenshot id="invest-merge3">
@@ -7004,7 +7948,623 @@ Entrate
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
+ Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
+ Author:
+ Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
+ Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+ <chapter id="ch_reports">
+ <title>Resoconti</title>
+ <para><application>GnuCash</application> is a powerful double entry accounting software package that allows
+users to enter and track their money in a reliable manner. However, putting
+this information into <application>GnuCash</application> is only a part of the process. To be truly
+helpful, you need to be able to extract this information in meaningful ways.
+<application>GnuCash</application>'s reporting features allow you to just that.</para>
+<para><application>GnuCash</application>'s reporting features allow you to display nearly any group of
+transactions in a wide variety of formats. This makes it easy to answer
+questions about your finances, such as "How much did I spend on groceries
+last month?" or "How much did I earn in the previous six months?"</para>
+<para><application>GnuCash</application> includes a number of common report types, which can be modified to
+meet your specific needs. If these common reports are insufficient, it is
+possible to modify or even write your own custom reports (although this is
+not recommended for beginners).</para>
+
+ <sect1 id="rpt_concepts">
+ <title>In generale</title>
+ <para>There are many standard reports pre-built in <application>GnuCash</application>,
+ all available from the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> pulldown menu in the main account window.</para>
+ <para>When you select a report from the list of reports, that report is first run
+ with its default settings. Once you have opened the report, you can modify its parameters by clicking on
+the Options button on the toolbar. Under Options, you will see the different
+settings that you can change for each report. Note that for different reports,
+the options will be different. </para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_savedconfigsinfo">
+ <title>Saved Reports Configurations Concepts</title>
+ <para>Once you have modified a report to meet your needs, you may wish to save
+ that report for reuse at a later point. <application>GnuCash</application> allows custom
+ reports to be saved, using the Save Report Configuration command.</para>
+ <para>To save a report configuration:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Go to the Reports Menu and choose the desired report.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Change the settings on the report until it includes what is needed.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Go to the General tab of the report's options and change the Report Name
+to something meaningful (Do not confuse this with the Report Title).</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Apply the changes and close the dialog.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Click the Save Report Configuration or Save Report Configuration As... button</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>This will store the report options in a file in your home directory.</para>
+<para>The first time you save a report with a name that has not already been saved,
+you can use either the Save Report Configuration or the Save Report
+Configuration As... button. You can modify the report name before saving it.</para>
+<para>Once a report has been saved with the current name, the Save Report Configuration button will immediately update the saved report configuration.
+Use the Save Report Configuration As button to save the current report
+configuration with a new name.</para>
+<para>Saved report configurations are available for use under the
+Reports->Saved Report Configurations entry. They will also be available for
+use on multicolumn reports.</para>
+<para>Saved report configurations can be deleted in the Saved Report Configurations
+dialog by clicking the trashcan icon.</para>
+<para>To edit saved report configurations, open the report via Reports->Saved Report
+Configurations, edit and apply the new options, and click Save Report
+Configuration.</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="rpt_standardrpts">
+ <title>Standard Reports Overview</title>
+ <para>The standard reports that are included in <application>GnuCash</application> are presented here
+ in the order that they appear in the <guimenu>Reports</guimenu> menu. In each section, a short
+ description for each report is given, which explains what the report is
+ intended to show, and its primary purpose.</para>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_assetsliabs">
+<title>Assets & Liabilities Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about assets and liabilities.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_advport">
+<title>Advanced Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Advanced Portfolio produces a report on commodity accounts
+(stock and mutual fund type accounts) using price information stored in the
+<application>GnuCash</application> price database and within the
+<application>GnuCash</application> transaction data. If you do not have stock
+price information in your file, the report will indicate an error. This report
+includes extended information about commodity holdings, including information
+about the basis, gain, and return of individual commodities.</para>
+
+ <sect4 id="rpt-advport-capgains">
+ <title>Advanced Portfolio Capital Gains</title>
+ <para>
+ The Advanced Portfolio report doesn’t use the capital gain splits to
+ calculate capital gains. It calculates the gains from the various buy and
+ sell transactions in the account without regard to whether the gains and
+ losses are recorded or not. Any realized gain splits are ignored.
+ Realized gain splits are recognized as two splits, one in the stock’s
+ account with a zero number of shares and a non-zero value, the other in an
+ income or expense account with a value that is the negative of the split
+ in the stock account. These two splits can be in a separate transaction
+ (as created by scrubbing) or in the same transaction as the sale (this
+ will cause incorrect future scrubbing). The income or expense split can
+ be split into multiple splits, say for taxable/non-taxable or
+ short/long term gains, without affecting this report.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetbarchart">
+<title>Asset Barchart</title>
+<para>The Asset Barchart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_assetpiechart">
+<title>Asset Piechart</title>
+<para>The Asset Piechart presents the value of assets on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_avgbalance">
+<title>Average Balance</title>
+<para>The Average Balance report displays monthly averages for the current accounting period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_balancesheet">
+<title>Balance Sheet</title>
+<para>The Balance Sheet lists Asset, Liability, and Equity account balances
+for all such accounts, and provides totals as of a given date. Balance sheets
+are commonly run for the last day of each fiscal year to give an overall sense
+of the financial condition of the entity.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generaljournal">
+<title>General Journal</title>
+<para>The General Journal produces a register of all transactions (beginning
+to end) in order by date, showing the accounts and the amounts involved, and
+totals the Net Change by all currencies and assets.</para>
+<para>This report is not customizable by date or account, though you can
+include more or fewer details about the individual transactions, and whether
+to include running balances and totals for the credits and debits. If you
+need a report restricted to particular accounts, consider the Transaction
+Report or open a particular account and choose the Account Transaction Report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_generalledger">
+<title>General Ledger</title>
+<para>The General Ledger produces information about all transactions
+for a selected set of accounts. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_investport">
+<title>Investment Portfolio</title>
+<para>The Investment Portfolio produces a report of commodity accounts (that
+is, accounts with type "Stock" or "Mutual Fund"), giving holdings, price and
+value information about commodities in the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabbarchart">
+<title>Liability Barchart</title>
+<para>The Liability Barchart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_liabpiechart">
+<title>Liability Piechart</title>
+<para>The Liability Piechart presents the value of liabilities on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific asset types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthbar">
+<title>Net Worth Barchart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Barchart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as bars on a graph on a monthly basis for the current
+financial period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_networthline">
+<title>Net Worth Linechart</title>
+<para>The Net Worth Linechart summarizes Asset accounts, Liability accounts, and
+overall Net Worth as a line graph on a monthly basis for the current financial
+period. This report provides a graphic overview of the file over time.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_pricescatter">
+<title>Price Scatterplot</title>
+<para>The Price Scatterplot displays the value of one commodity relative to
+another commodity, for example the value of a stock relative to a currency.
+When first run, this report loads no data, and the report options must be
+changed to retrieve information from the file. Specifically, the "Price of
+Commodity" setting on the Price options tab must be changed to a specific
+commodity.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_budget">
+<title>Budget Group</title>
+<para> Budget reports in <application>GnuCash</application> allow you to gather
+summary information related to budgets you may have created. In order for
+these reports to work, you must first create a budget. The reports in this
+group are specifically based on budget information. To use these reports, you
+need to have a budget saved in your file.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbalsht">
+<title>Budget Balance Sheet</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budbarchart">
+<title>Budget Barchart</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budflow">
+<title>Budget Flow</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budincstate">
+<title>Budget Income Statement</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budprofloss">
+<title>Budget Profit & Loss</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_budreport">
+<title>Budget Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_business">
+<title>Business Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide general information about activities related
+to a business.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_customer">
+<title>Customer Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custsummary">
+<title>Customer Summary</title>
+<para>Customer Summary is a customer profit report that can help with job analysis by
+comparing the income and expenses for a specific customer.</para>
+<para>All invoices have an Owner in <application>GnuCash</application>, so invoices that are
+made will show a customer and show in the report. When creating a Bill, the Default
+Chargeback Customer is blank. To use the profit report, this field needs an entry,
+since this is the tag that decides the line to which
+to attach the expense. Left blank, the bill will be assigned to "No Customer."
+Similarly, when income is entered directly in a register rather than creating an
+invoice, it will also be assigned to "No Customer."</para>
+<para>Thus, if this report includes an entry for "No Customer", this means that the report
+may be inaccurate, as the results are not all properly labeled.</para>
+<para>Possible use scenarios include:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Tracking retail sales from different cities</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking rental properties</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking types of business</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>Tracking commission sales</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+<para>Each of these scenarios assumes that the account structure includes breakdowns
+for individual tracked categories. Changing settings on the Income and Expense
+tabs under Options can hone the information displayed. By default all income and
+expense accounts are included; however, since <application>GnuCash</application> can't really predict
+the names and classification of income and expense accounts, it must group them all
+into the "No Customer" entry.</para>
+<para>Note that inventory-based businesses won't benefit from this report because of its nature.</para>
+<para>Useful options:</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>The Expense Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more expense accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Income Accounts tab allows the selection of one or more income accounts.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>The Display tab allows sorting by name, profit percentage, or amount of profit.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_easyinv">
+<title>Easy Invoice</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_employee">
+<title>Employee Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_fancyinv">
+<title>Fancy Invoice</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_payaging">
+<title>Payable Aging</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_prtinv">
+<title>Printable Invoice</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_recaging">
+<title>Receivable Aging</title>
+<para>This report provides a listing of all customers, their current balance, and
+how much they have outstanding from invoices over different time periods—how
+much they owe from 0-30 days, from 31-60 days, from 61-90 days, and over 90 days.
+The report also contains links to each customer and to their current customer report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_vendor">
+<title>Vendor Report</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_incexp">
+<title>Income & Expense Group</title>
+<para>Reports in this group provide information about Income and Expense</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_cashflow">
+<title>Cash Flow</title>
+<para>This report shows the change in value for a set of accounts (the flow of cash)
+over a given period of time. By default, this report is based on accounts in Assets and
+Special Accounts, and covers the current financial period. The report enumerates
+all money coming in to and going out of the base accounts, broken down by the
+other account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_equity">
+<title>Equity Statement</title>
+<para>This report can be seen as extension of the Balance Sheet report. The
+Balance Sheet states the balance of Assets, Liabilities and Equity at a
+specific point of time. The Equity Statement focuses on the Equity Accounts
+by showing the cash flow to and from them for a given period of time.</para>
+<para>By balancing this cash flow with income, the report shows the available
+capital at the beginning and end of the selected time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expbarchart">
+<title>Expense Barchart</title>
+<para>The Expense Barchart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_exppiechart">
+<title>Expense Piechart</title>
+<para>The Expense Piechart presents the value of expenses on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific expense types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_expdayoweek">
+<title>Expenses vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Expenses vs. Day of Week presents a pie chart showing the totals for
+selected expense accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction.
+The report options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts,
+display options, and the date range) but the account selector only allows
+expense accounts to be chosen. The report aggregates expense transactions by
+day of week, not by any other period or category. Due to these limitations,
+the report may be considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting
+to examine the source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomebarchart">
+<title>Income Barchart</title>
+<para>The Income Barchart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+barchart form. By default, the report displays the eight largest accounts that
+have specific income types assigned to them, and it displays bars for
+the current financial period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Bars" option will display more bars in
+the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display. Additionally,
+the "Show table" option enables the display of chart information in tabular
+form below the chart.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incexpchart">
+<title>Income & Expense Chart</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incomepiechart">
+<title>Income Piechart</title>
+<para>The Income Piechart presents the value of income on a monthly basis in
+piechart form. By default, the report shows the seven largest accounts, that
+have specific income types assigned to them, arranged in descending order by
+value as of the end of the current accounting period.</para>
+<para>Several settings on this report can greatly affect the information included.</para>
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>On the Accounts tab, the "Show Accounts until level" option changes how
+the report aggregates account totals. Change this value to see information at
+deeper levels of the account structure.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the Display tab, the "Maximum Slices" option will display more
+slices in the chart, allowing information for more accounts to display.</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>On the General tab, the "Price Source" option can significantly
+affect the reported value of various commodities included in the report.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incstatement">
+<title>Income Statement</title>
+<para>This report lists Income and Expense account totals for a set period. By
+default, it shows all Expense and Income accounts down to 3 levels of
+sub-accounts for the current financial period.</para>
+<para>An Income Statement is also called a "Profit and Loss" report or "Revenue Statement."</para>
+<para>In earlier versions of <application>GnuCash</application>, this report was called
+"Profit & Loss," but with version 2, the report was renamed "Income Statement"
+to use more common accounting terminology.</para>
+<para>The Income Statement helps show where money is coming from and where it is
+going for a given time period.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_incdayoweek">
+<title>Income vs. Day of Week</title>
+<para>Income vs. Day of Week presents a piechart showing the totals for selected
+income accounts totaled by the day of the week of the transaction. The report
+options enable you to make some adjustments (such as accounts, display options,
+and the date range) but the account selector only allows income accounts to be
+chosen. The report aggregates income transactions by day of week, not by any
+other period or category. Due to these limitations, the report may be
+considered a demonstration or an example to someone wanting to examine the
+source code for composing a useful custom report.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_trialbal">
+<title>Trial Balance</title>
+<para>Trial Balance lists the ending balances in all accounts as of a particular
+date. It is typically run at the end of an accounting period and is primarily
+used to ensure that the total of all debits equals the total of all credits.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_sampcust">
+<title>Sample & Custom Group</title>
+<para>The reports in this group offer examples on how reports can be customized
+or podified to suit personal need.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_custommulti">
+<title>Custom Multicolumn Report</title>
+<para>This report provides a base that allows several standard and custom
+reports to be combined into one view. Note that this report opens with an empty
+window; you must open the options and designate which reports to include for display.
+Once the reports have been selected, the settings for individual reports in the
+multicolumn display can be edited.</para>
+</sect3>
+<sect3 id="rpt_sample">
+<title>Sample Report with Examples</title>
+<para>This is a sample report that users can examine to learn how to write their own reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_welcome">
+<title>Welcome Sample Report</title>
+<para>This report demonstrates how the Multicolumn Report can be use to create
+custom dashboard-type reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="rpt_grp_miscrpts">
+<title>Other Reports</title>
+<para>Several reports are included on the main Reports menu. These are described
+below.</para>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctsummary">
+<title>Account Summary</title>
+<para>This lists the balances of all accounts and subaccounts as of a
+particular date. By default, this report shows accounts and totals
+down to third-level subaccounts.</para>
+<para>This report gives effectively the same information as the Chart of Accounts.
+You can use this report to export and print the Chart of Accounts.</para>
+<para>Note: To generate a report of account totals over a particular time period
+(especially if you do not close your books at regular intervals), you might
+consider using the Income Statement, or Cash Flow reports.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_futsched">
+<title>Future Scheduled Transactions Summary</title>
+<para/>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_taxtxf">
+<title>Tax Report & TXF Export</title>
+<para>Generates a report and a downloadable .txf file of taxable income and
+deductible expenses for a particular accounting period. To download the report
+data, choose the Export button on the toolbar and choose between html and .txf
+downloadable versions.</para>
+<para>To use this report, you must use Edit --> Tax Options to identify which
+form the taxing authority uses for each income or expense account. Note that
+you can see but not modify the "Tax related" checkbox in Edit --> Edit Account.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_txnrept">
+<title>Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report lists the transactions in selected accounts during a
+specified financial period. When first run, this report loads no data,
+and the report options must be changed to retrieve information from the file.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_savedrpts">
+<title>Saved Report Configurations</title>
+<para>Selecting this will open a dialog with a list of available Saved Report
+Configurations. "Saved Report Configurations" means sets of customized
+settings for standard reports.</para>
+<para>These sets must be saved by the user before they appear here. See
+Report Concepts above for instructions on how to save report configurations.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_acctreport">
+<title>Account Report</title>
+<para>The Account Report menu entry only appears when an account register is
+the active tab. This report produces a list of all transactions in the open
+register.</para>
+<para>Note that if you conduct a search that retrieves several transactions, the
+results are displayed in a new search register, which can then be used to create
+a report for just those transactions.</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="rpt_accttxnrept">
+<title>Account Transaction Report</title>
+<para>This report also only appears when an account register is the active tab.
+However, this report only lists transactions that have been selected
+(e.g. by mouse click) in the current register. If no transactions are selected,
+an empty report will be generated.</para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+</chapter>
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.0.0
+ Last modified: July 9th 2006
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -7062,19 +8622,19 @@ Entrate
<para>Sotto è riportata una generica struttura dei conti adatta a tracciare la rivalutazione di due beni, <emphasis>BENE1</emphasis> e <emphasis>BENE2</emphasis>. Il conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:BENE1:Costo</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio</emphasis> mentre il conto <emphasis>Attività :Beni immobili:BENE1:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> è bilanciato dal conto <emphasis>Entrate:Guadagni non realizzati</emphasis> (lo stesso discorso vale per il BENE2).</para>
<literallayout>
--AttivitÃ
- -Attività correnti
- -Conto risparmio
- -Beni immobili
- -BENE1
- -Costo
- -Guadagni non realizzati
- -BENE2
- -Costo
- -Guadagni non realizzati
--Entrate
- -Guadagni realizzati
- -Guadagni non realizzati
+-Assets
+ -Current Assets
+ -Savings Account
+ -Fixed Assets
+ -ITEM1
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+ -ITEM2
+ -Cost
+ -Unrealized Gain
+-Income
+ -Realized Gains
+ -Unrealized Gains
</literallayout>
</sect1>
@@ -7363,7 +8923,7 @@ Entrate
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.4.0
Last modified: March 16th 2010
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -7384,7 +8944,7 @@ Entrate
<para><application>&app;</application> supporta più di cento valute, dal Franco di Andorra al dollare dello Zimbabwe. Per esempio, si può avere un conto bancario in Euro e un altro in dollari di Hong Kong.</para>
<para>Alcuni dei problemi che sorgono quando si utilizzano più valute, hanno a che fare con il trasferimento di fondi tra conti con diversa valuta, con il calcolo del valore totale di conti che hanno valute diverse e con la preparazione dei resoconti con valute miste.</para>
-
+
<note>
<para>Un metodo alternativo per gestire i conti con valute multiple rispetto a quello presentato nelle sezioni successive, consiste nell’utilizzare le funzionalità dei conti di <guilabel>trading</guilabel> fornite da <application>&app;</application>. Queste funzionalità , introdotte con la versione 2.3.14 di <application>&app;</application>, possono essere abilitate andando nella scheda <guilabel>Conti</guilabel> accessibile dal menu <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem> Proprietà </guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
<para>Per una guida completa sui conti per il <guilabel>trading</guilabel> si consiglia di consultare la <ulink type="http" url="http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~selinger/accounting/tutorial.html">guida Peter Selinger (in inglese)</ulink>.</para>
@@ -7403,18 +8963,18 @@ Entrate
<para>Per esempio, si imposti un tipico scenario di conto bancario in cui venga utilizzato prevalentemente l’Euro (EUR), ma si possegga anche un conto in una banca negli Stati Uniti che lavori prevalentemente in dollari Americani (USD) e infine un altro conto ad Hong Kong che utilizzi il dollaro di Hong Kong (HKD). Si devono quindi impostare 3 conti, uno con l’Euro, uno con i dollari Americani e uno con i dollari di Hong Kong; una possibile struttura per questa situazione potrebbe essere:</para>
<literallayout>
--Attività (EUR)
- -Attività correnti (EUR)
- -Banca Europea (EUR)
- -Banca USA (USD)
- -Banca di HK (HKD)
--Capitali (EUR)
- -Bilanci di apertura
- -EUR (EUR)
- -USD (USD)
- -HKD (HKD)
-
-Nota: la valuta associata ad ogni conto è mostrata tra parentesi.
+-Assets (USD)
+ -Current Assets (USD)
+ -US Bank (USD)
+ -European Bank (EUR)
+ -HK Bank (HKD)
+-Equity (USD)
+ -Opening Balances
+ -USD (USD)
+ -EUR (EUR)
+ -EUR (HKD)
+
+Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
</literallayout>
<para>Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent
@@ -7778,7 +9338,7 @@ Nota: la valuta di ogni conto è riportata fra parentesi.
<para><emphasis>Beijing Airport</emphasis> ha il simbolo 0694.HK su Yahoo</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>Since we wanted to be able to track all various income and expense amounts,
we come up with the following Account structure:</para>
@@ -7789,7 +9349,7 @@ Capitali:Bilanci di apertura:HKD (HKD)
Uscite:Commissioni:Boom.0694.HK (HKD)
Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
</literallayout>
-
+
<para>La struttura dei conti assomiglia a questa dopo la creazione di tutti i conti necessari:</para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
@@ -7839,7 +9399,7 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
</literallayout>
<para>Se non viene visualizzata automaticamente la finestra del <guilabel>Tasso di cambio</guilabel>, fare clic con il tasto destro del mouse nella riga dell’azione e selezionare <guilabel>Modifica tasso di cambio</guilabel>. Nella finestra che verrà aperta, inserire il numero di azioni (16.500) nel campo <guilabel>Trasferisci a:</guilabel></para>
-
+
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -7855,7 +9415,7 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
</screenshot>
<para>Se si ritorna alla struttura dei conti, si vedrà che il totale del conto è stato modificato in funzione delle quote acquistate.</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -7877,7 +9437,7 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
</note>
</sect2>
-
+
</sect1>
<sect1 id="currency_invest1">
@@ -8116,7 +9676,7 @@ Entrate:Investimenti:Dividendi:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)
<para>This time let’s start with a fresh and new <application>GnuCash</application> data file, so
<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>New File</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, and edit
preferences (<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>,
- <menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X)
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X)
to set Default Currency as AUD. Since you have
decided to be able to track as much detail of your income and expenses
as possible, the following account hierarchy could be used;</para>
@@ -8137,11 +9697,11 @@ Attività :Attività correnti:Conto risparmio (EUR)
happened to be very rich. And so, now you are $500,000 AUD richer. That was not
all though; another item in the mail states that you won the lottery, and got $250,000
AUD for that. </para>
-
+
<para>Per registrare queste transazioni, sono necessari i seguenti conti:</para>
<literallayout>
-Capitali:Lotteria (EUR)
-Capitali:Eredità (EUR)
+Equity:Lottery (AUD)
+Equity:Inheritance (AUD)
</literallayout>
@@ -8195,11 +9755,11 @@ Capitali:Eredità (EUR)
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2>
<title>Acquistare una casa</title>
- <para>At last you can afford to pay off that house loan you had to take some years ago
+ <para>At last you can afford to pay off that house loan you had to take some years ago
(with a $50,000 deposit).</para>
<literallayout>
@@ -8252,9 +9812,9 @@ Capitali:Bilanci d’apertura (EUR) €50.000
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
-
+
<para>Il libro mastro della transazione per il conto <emphasis>Passività :Prestiti:Mutuo</emphasis> si presenta così dopo l’inserimento delle transazioni:</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="currency_PutTogether_AussieHouse.png">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -8346,7 +9906,7 @@ Uscite:Investimenti:Trasferimento di valuta (EUR)
<entry/>
- <entry>0,7593</entry>
+ <entry>0,7593</entry>
<entry>25</entry>
</row>
@@ -8410,7 +9970,7 @@ Uscite:Investimenti:Trasferimento di valuta (EUR)
</tgroup>
</table>
</para>
-
+
<para>As you can see in the Chart of Accounts, you have now purchased shares of stock in three
different currencies (HK, USD, as well as in SEK), but the Chart of Account (as seen below)
does not indicate how much they are valued in your home currency, AUD.</para>
@@ -8538,20 +10098,20 @@ Attività :Beni immobili:Casa NZ (NZ)
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
-
-
+
+
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2>
<title>Come procedere?</title>
- <para>As you have seen in the above examples you have only done the initial purchases.
- The rest, that is, various selling transactions and unrealized gains tracking is left for you to
+ <para>As you have seen in the above examples you have only done the initial purchases.
+ The rest, that is, various selling transactions and unrealized gains tracking is left for you to
ponder.</para>
</sect2>
-
-
+
+
</sect1>
-
+
</chapter>
</part>
@@ -8561,7 +10121,7 @@ Attività :Beni immobili:Casa NZ (NZ)
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 1.0.0
Last modified: Sep 19th 2015
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
Author:
Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
@@ -8572,27 +10132,27 @@ Attività :Beni immobili:Casa NZ (NZ)
<chapter id="chapter_bus_intro">
<title>Business Introduction</title>
-
+
<!-- <sect1 id="bus-intro">
<title>Introduction to Business Features</title>
-->
<para>Le necessità contabili di un’impresa sono evidentemente differenti da quelle di un singolo individuo. Le imprese devono gestire i clienti (che sono debitori di denaro), i fornitori o venditori (che sono creditori), i libri paga dei dipendenti, una legislazione delle imposte più complessa, ecc... <application>&app;</application> offre delle funzioni dedicate all’impresa per venire incontro a queste necessità .</para>
-
+
<para><emphasis>Accounts Receivable</emphasis> (A/R) are used by businesses to record sales for
which they are not immediately paid. This is represented on the balance sheet as an asset,
because the expectation is that you will receive payment soon.
</para>
-
- <para><emphasis>Accounts Payable</emphasis> (A/P) record bills that businesses have received, but may not pay until later.
+
+ <para><emphasis>Accounts Payable</emphasis> (A/P) record bills that businesses have received, but may not pay until later.
This is represented on the balance sheet as a liability because you will have to pay for them.
</para>
-
+
<para>A/R and A/P accounts are used primarily when you have a lot of bills and receipts
flowing in and out, and do not want to lose track of them just because you
do not pay or get paid right away. For most home users, A/R and A/P are
too complicated to be worthwhile.
</para>
-
+
<!-- </sect1>
-->
</chapter>
@@ -8601,7 +10161,7 @@ Attività :Beni immobili:Casa NZ (NZ)
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 1.0.0
Last modified: Sep 19th 2015
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
Author:
Chris Good <chris.good at ozemail.com.au>
@@ -8612,7 +10172,7 @@ Attività :Beni immobili:Casa NZ (NZ)
<chapter id="chapter_bus_setup">
<title>Business Setup</title>
-
+
<para>To set up <application>GnuCash</application> to handle accounts receivable or accounts payable
for a company, these preliminary steps must be done.
<itemizedlist>
@@ -8669,17 +10229,17 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
customer. <application>GnuCash</application> keeps track of customers internally and provides
per-customer reports based on the internal tracking. The same applies to A/P and vendors.
</para>
-
+
<para>
- If you deal with customers in more than one currency you will need a separate
+ If you deal with customers in more than one currency you will need a separate
<emphasis>Accounts Receivable</emphasis> account for each currency.
</para>
<para>
- If you deal with vendors in more than one currency you will need a separate
+ If you deal with vendors in more than one currency you will need a separate
<emphasis>Accounts Payable</emphasis> account for each currency.
</para>
-
+
<para>Transactions involving an Accounts Receivable or Accounts Payable account should not be
added, changed or deleted in any way other than by using
<itemizedlist>
@@ -8687,21 +10247,21 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
<listitem><para>process payment</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
-
+
</note>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus-setuptaxtables">
<title>Tax Tables</title>
<para>Tax Tables can used to determine the tax for customer invoices (or vendor bills).
</para>
-
+
<para> A tax table can be assigned to an invoice line or bill line.</para>
-
+
<para>Set up distinct tax tables for customers and vendors.</para>
- <para> The default invoice line tax table can be assigned to each customer and the default bill
+ <para> The default invoice line tax table can be assigned to each customer and the default bill
line tax table can be assigned to each vendor.
</para>
@@ -8713,10 +10273,10 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</menuchoice>
</para>
- <para>Tax Tables are maintained using the <emphasis>Sales Tax Table</emphasis> editor which is accessed via menu
+ <para>Tax Tables are maintained using the <emphasis>Sales Tax Table</emphasis> editor which is accessed via menu
<menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sales Tax Table</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
</para>
-
+
<figure pgwide="1">
<title>Tax Tables</title>
<screenshot id="bus-taxmain">
@@ -8735,7 +10295,7 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
-
+
<figure pgwide="1">
<title>New Sales Tax Table</title>
<screenshot id="bus-taxnew">
@@ -8754,7 +10314,7 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
-
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>Name</guilabel> This is the tax table name.</para>
@@ -8782,17 +10342,17 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus-setupcname">
<title>Registrare la propria impresa</title>
<para>After you have built the account structure and defined your tax tables, register the <application>GnuCash</application>
file as belonging to your company. To register your company, select the <guilabel>Business</guilabel> tab
- in the <guilabel>Book Options</guilabel> window accessible by selecting
+ in the <guilabel>Book Options</guilabel> window accessible by selecting
<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>.
</para>
-
+
<figure pgwide="1">
<title>Registrare la propria impresa</title>
<screenshot id="bus-co-reg">
@@ -8811,7 +10371,7 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
-
+
<para>Here you can:</para>
<itemizedlist>
@@ -8827,9 +10387,9 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
<para>Selezionare la tabella imposte predefinita applicabile ai clienti e ai venditori più comuni.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus_setup_pref">
<title>Business Preferences</title>
<para>Set options on the Business tab of the <application>GnuCash</application> preferences, which is
@@ -8837,9 +10397,9 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
(<menuchoice><guimenu>GnuCash</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice> on Mac OS X).
See Help manual chapter 10.3.3 Business Book Options Tab.
</para>
-
+
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus-setupterms">
<title>Billing Terms</title>
@@ -8848,12 +10408,12 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</para>
<note>
- <para>As of <application>GnuCash</application> 2.6.7, Billing Terms are only
+ <para>As of <application>GnuCash</application> 2.6.7, Billing Terms are only
partially supported. Date due is calculated using the Billing Terms
but discount amount is not.
</para>
<para>
- Discount for early invoice payment is not implemented. There are 2 ways this may be done, although neither is recommended, and
+ Discount for early invoice payment is not implemented. There are 2 ways this may be done, although neither is recommended, and
professional advise should be used to confirm that regulations are being complied with:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
@@ -8861,10 +10421,10 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
and split the payment to reduce it by the amount of the discount and a create a compensating split in an income (discount) account.
</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
- <para>Alternatively, after creating and posting a payment for the discounted amount, create a credit note for the discount using a specific negative
- sales income (discount) account for the transfer account.
+ <para>Alternatively, after creating and posting a payment for the discounted amount, create a credit note for the discount using a specific negative
+ sales income (discount) account for the transfer account.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -8875,11 +10435,11 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
Invoice billing terms will default from the customer billing terms.
Bill billing terms will default from the vendor billing terms.
</para>
-
- <para>Billing Terms are maintained using the Billing Terms Editor which is accessed via menu
+
+ <para>Billing Terms are maintained using the Billing Terms Editor which is accessed via menu
<menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guimenuitem>Billing Terms Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
</para>
-
+
<figure pgwide="1">
<title>Billing Terms Editor</title>
<screenshot id="bus-termsmain">
@@ -8898,7 +10458,7 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
-
+
<figure pgwide="1">
<title>New Billing Term</title>
<screenshot id="bus-termsnew">
@@ -8917,7 +10477,7 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
-
+
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>Name</guilabel> The internal name of the billing term. For some examples of billing term names and descriptions see
@@ -8967,17 +10527,17 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
+ </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
-
+
</chapter>
<!--
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -8988,7 +10548,7 @@ Basic A/R and A/P Account Hierarchy:
-->
<!--
-A lot of the following text is duplicated in the GnuCash help. The text here in the guide should be
+A lot of the following text is duplicated in the GnuCash help. The text here in the guide should be
corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
-->
@@ -9004,7 +10564,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus-ar-components1">
<title>Componenti del sistema</title>
@@ -9264,7 +10824,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
<para>You can change the starting invoice number if it is important you.
Use <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, access
the <guilabel>Counters</guilabel> tab, change the <guilabel>Invoice number</guilabel> value to be
- one less than your desired starting invoice number and click the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button or the
+ one less than your desired starting invoice number and click the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button or the
<guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -9378,7 +10938,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
<caption><para>La finestra del foglio di stile <acronym>HTML</acronym> con un esempio di immagine di sfondo, striscione di intestazione e logo.</para></caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
-
+
<note>
<para>Le immagini sono inserite nella fattura con i criteri seguenti: l’<guilabel>Immagine di sfondo</guilabel> è adattata per essere inserita come sfondo, lo <guilabel>Striscione di intestazione</guilabel> viene inserito al di sopra del testo della fattura e il <guilabel>Logo</guilabel> è posizionato nell’angolo in alto a sinistra della fattura a fianco dello striscione di intestazione. Sarà probabilmente necessario provare immagini di dimensioni diverse prima di ottenere una bella fattura. Vengono forniti alcuni suggerimenti su questo argomento: il logo dovrebbe essere di circa 1 cm quadrato mentre lo striscione di intestazione dovrebbe essere largo 15 cm e alto 1cm.</para>
</note>
@@ -9406,7 +10966,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
Originally designed by Carol Champagne.
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: Sep 19th 2015
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -9417,7 +10977,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
-->
<!--
-A lot of the following text is duplicated in the GnuCash help. The text here in the guide should be
+A lot of the following text is duplicated in the GnuCash help. The text here in the guide should be
corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
-->
@@ -9426,7 +10986,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
<para>Accounts Payable (or A/P) refers to the accounting of products or services which a company has
bought and needs to pay for.
</para>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus-ap-setup1">
<title>Configurazione iniziale</title>
<para>Perform set up tasks listed in <xref linkend="chapter_bus_setup"/>.
@@ -9441,7 +11001,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>Venditore</guilabel> è un singolo o società dal quale si acquistano prodotti o servizi in credito.</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>Ricevuta</guilabel> è il documento che il venditore invia per richiedere il pagamento. La ricevuta contiene un elenco di ciò che è stato acquistato.</para>
<para>In addition, GnuCash also has support for <guilabel>Credit Notes</guilabel>
@@ -9450,23 +11010,23 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
</para>
<para>Both document types will be set up using the same menu items.</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>Lavoro</guilabel> (opzionale) è dove vengono registrati i <guilabel>lavori venditore</guilabel>. I lavori sono degli strumenti con i quali è possibile raggruppare le ricevute di un singolo venditore.</para>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<para><guilabel>Procedura di pagamento</guilabel> permette di registrare i pagamenti in favore di un venditore verso cui si è debitori.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>La sezione seguente tratta individualmente i componenti dell’applicazione per i debiti correnti.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="bus-ap-vendors1">
<title>Venditore</title>
<para>Un venditore è un singolo o una società dalla quale si acquista uno o più beni o servizi. I venditori devono essere inseriti nel sistema dei debiti correnti.</para>
-
+
<sect2 id="bus-ap-vendornew2">
<title>Registrare un nuovo cliente</title>
<para>To register a new vendor, select the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>
@@ -9486,12 +11046,12 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect2>
-
+
<sect2 id="bus-ap-vendorfind2">
<title>Trovare e modificare un cliente</title>
<para>To search for an existing vendor, use the <menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>
- Find Vendor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> window. You select a vendor to <guibutton>View/Edit</guibutton> from the results of the search.
+ Find Vendor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> window. You select a vendor to <guibutton>View/Edit</guibutton> from the results of the search.
This window is also used to look up a vendor when entering bills and processing payments.
</para>
<screenshot id="bus-ar-vendorfind">
@@ -9555,7 +11115,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
</sect2>
<sect2 id="bus-ap-billedit2">
- <title>Modificare una fattura</title>
+ <title>Modificare una fattura</title>
<para>From the Edit Bill window you can enter an itemized list of
goods and services you purchased, in a manner similar to how the account
register works. For credit notes you enter an itemized list of goods and
@@ -9581,7 +11141,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
<sect2 id="bus-ap-billpost2">
<title>Emettere una fattura</title>
<para>Quando si è terminata la fase di modifica di una ricevuta, la si deve <guilabel>Emettere</guilabel>. Non è necessario emetterla subito, è possibile infatti chiudere la finestra di modifica e ritornarvi in seguito. Prima o poi però la ricevuta dovrà essere emessa. L’emissione di una ricevuta comporta l’inserimento delle necessarie transazioni nel conto per i debiti correnti. La finestra di emissione della ricevuta richiede l’inserimento di alcune informazioni:</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="bus-ap-billpost">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -9612,15 +11172,15 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
<sect1 id="bus-ap-jobs1">
<title>Lavori per un venditore</title>
- <para>Vendor Jobs are used to group multiple bills and credit notes from a single vendor. Use of the vendor jobs feature is optional.
- The feature is useful when you have multiple <guilabel>jobs</guilabel> for the same vendor, and would like to view all the bills and
+ <para>Vendor Jobs are used to group multiple bills and credit notes from a single vendor. Use of the vendor jobs feature is optional.
+ The feature is useful when you have multiple <guilabel>jobs</guilabel> for the same vendor, and would like to view all the bills and
credit notes for a single job.
</para>
- <para>To use vendor jobs, you must create them using the
+ <para>To use vendor jobs, you must create them using the
<menuchoice><guimenu>Business</guimenu><guisubmenu>Vendor</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>New Job</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> menu item. You will see the <guilabel>New Job</guilabel> window.
</para>
-
+
<screenshot id="bus-ap-jobnew">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@@ -9677,7 +11237,7 @@ corrected to be less describing of the interface and more tutorial oriented
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -9721,11 +11281,11 @@ Semplice struttura dei conti per il libro paga:
<note>
<para>Si resista alla tentazione di creare dei sottoconti per registrare i salari per ogni dipendente: si verrebbe a creare una lista ingestibile di conti. Si pensi, per esempio, alla lista che si avrebbe dopo diversi anni di attività e vari dipendenti licenziati e assunti. È molto più semplice registrare tutti gli stipendi in un unico conto (per esempio <emphasis>Uscite:Stipendi</emphasis>) e utilizzare i resoconti per visualizzare le informazioni suddivise per dipendente.</para>
-
+
<para>The Transaction report can be used to sort and total by description or
memo (but not by part of them).
</para>
-
+
<para>
To report on the Salaries transactions for a specific employee where the
employee name or code is entered in the transaction description or memo,
@@ -9839,7 +11399,7 @@ Semplice struttura dei conti per il libro paga:
</sect2>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="bus-pay-example1">
<title>Esempio</title>
<para>Utilizzando la struttura dei conti vista precedentemente, verrà mostrato un esempio. Si assuma di avere due dipendenti (D1 e D2) ognuno dei quali guadagna €1000 di stipendio lordo al mese. Il contributo del dipendente all’imposta1 e all’imposta2 è rispettivamente del 10% e del 5%. Il contributo della società all’imposta1 e all’imposta2 è del 15% e del 10% ognuna sullo stipendio lordo dei dipendenti.</para>
@@ -9986,7 +11546,7 @@ Semplice struttura dei conti per il libro paga:
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker at cox.net>
Author:
Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker at cox.net>
@@ -10031,7 +11591,7 @@ Semplice struttura dei conti per il libro paga:
</sect1>
<sect1 id="budget_creation1">
- <title>Creare un bilancio</title>
+ <title>Creare un bilancio</title>
<para>Ancora prima di iniziare la creazione di un bilancio, è importante spendere un po’ di tempo pensando alla struttura dei conti. Per esempio, se si desidera ottenere un bilancio per le proprie spese di elettricità e acqua, non è possibile avere solamente un conto <emphasis>Uscite:Servizi</emphasis>. I conti devono essere dettagliati almeno quanto il bilancio che si vuole ottenere.</para>
@@ -10054,7 +11614,7 @@ Semplice struttura dei conti per il libro paga:
<para>Per creare il primo bilancio selezionare <menuchoice><guimenu>Operazioni</guimenu><guisubmenu>Nuovo</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Nuovo bilancio preventivo</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. Verrà immediatamente visualizzato un nuovo bilancio con le impostazioni predefinite e nessun elemento. Selezionare poi il pulsante <guibutton>Opzioni</guibutton>. Le opzioni più importantii sono quelle relative al periodo e al numero di occorrenze. Per il periodo del bilancio, selezionare la data d’inizio e il periodo di tempo più corto per il quale si vuole effettuare il conteggio. Poi selezionare il numero di occorrenze.</para>
<para>La pagina del bilancio mostra ora una lista di conti con una colonna per ogni periodo di bilancio. La data visualizzata nel titolo di ogni colonna rappresenta l’inizio di quel periodo di bilancio.</para>
-
+
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Inserire i valori di bilancio</title>
@@ -10063,7 +11623,7 @@ Semplice struttura dei conti per il libro paga:
<para>Se si hanno a disposizione delle transazioni inserite in <application>&app;</application>, il secondo metodo consiste nel far stimare a <application>&app;</application> i valori di bilancio sulla base di queste transazioni. Prima, selezionare il conto che si desidera far stimare a <application>&app;</application>; poi, premere il pulsante <guibutton>Stima</guibutton> sulla <emphasis>barra degli strumenti</emphasis>. Nella finestra di <guilabel>Stima dei valori del bilancio</guilabel>, selezionare la data dopo la quale <application>&app;</application> dovrà controllare le transazioni. <application>&app;</application> inizierà da questa data e controllerà nel seguito per il periodo di durata del bilancio. Ad esempio, se si sta facendo un bilancio annuale e si sceglie come data il 1° Gennaio 2005, <application>&app;</application> controllerà tutte le transazioni in quel conto dal 1° Gennaio 2005 al 31 Dicembre 2005.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="budget_reporting1">
<title>Resoconti del bilancio</title>
<para>la parte più complessa è terminata: la creazione del bilancio. Per sapere come appaiono le transazioni attuali nei confronti del proprio piano è necessario creare un resoconto di bilancio.</para>
@@ -10221,7 +11781,7 @@ Translators:
cash in your pocket or the account from which you drew the cash for
the payment made. If you paid by credit card, the debit side would be
the same as just described, but the credit would be an increase to the
- credit card company account on your books.</para>
+ credit card company account on your books.</para>
<para>When you received your reimbursement, then the journal entry (or
transaction) to record receipt of the funds from the employer would be:
@@ -10990,7 +12550,7 @@ Author:
<chapter id="ch_import_bus_data">
<title>Importare i dati dell’impresa</title>
-
+
<sect1 id="import-invoices">
<title>Importare fatture e ricevute</title>
@@ -10999,7 +12559,7 @@ Author:
adding the line:</para>
<para><code>(gnc:module-load "gnucash/plugins/bi_import" 0)</code></para>
<para>Su sistemi Linux questo file è <filename>$HOME/.gnucash/config.user</filename> e su MacOSX <filename>~/Library/Application Support/GnuCash/config.user</filename>. Se il file non esiste già , lo si dovrà creare. Dopo aver riavviato <application>&app;</application> l’elemento comparirà alla fine del menu <guimenu>Impresa</guimenu>.</para>
-
+
<para>Perchè l’importatore funzioni correttamente, i dati devono essere in formato a lunghezza fissa di campo, o separati da virgole. Uno script di <application>Python</application> è fornito di seguito come esempio.</para>
@@ -11181,13 +12741,13 @@ MEC-0071,,000013,,,,VAT,tax,Expenses:VAT,1,4.35,,,,no,,,,,,,
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
-
+
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="import-customers-vendors">
<title>Importare clienti e venditori</title>
<para>This functionality is only available in the 2.6 versions of GnuCash and is only loaded by default for versions greater than 2.6.</para>
- <para>For versions lower than 2.6 the Customers and Vendors importer is an optional module and needs to
+ <para>For versions lower than 2.6 the Customers and Vendors importer is an optional module and needs to
enabled by editing the file <filename>$HOME/.gnucash/config.user</filename>,
adding the line:</para>
<para><code>(gnc:module-load "gnucash/plugins/customer_import" 0)</code></para>
@@ -11197,10 +12757,10 @@ MEC-0071,,000013,,,,VAT,tax,Expenses:VAT,1,4.35,,,,no,,,,,,,
<para><code>
id, company, name, addr1, addr2, addr3, addr4, phone, fax, email, notes, shipname, shipaddr1, shipaddr2, shipaddr3, shipaddr4, shiphone, shipfax, shipmail
</code> </para>
-
+
<para>
Fields can be separated with commas or semicolons and each field can be in quotes. These options are selectable in the import dialog. Vendors don’t have shipping information so even though the fields have to exist, leave them empty.
- The id field is optional and if it is empty a new id will be chosen. If the id field has a value this will UPDATE any vendor/customer with the same id. This may not be what you want. Note that in your input file the data must be a single line for each customer/vendor.
+ The id field is optional and if it is empty a new id will be chosen. If the id field has a value this will UPDATE any vendor/customer with the same id. This may not be what you want. Note that in your input file the data must be a single line for each customer/vendor.
</para>
<para>
The importer does not currently import billing information for customers or vendors, these will have to be edited individually after importing.
@@ -11215,9 +12775,461 @@ MEC-0071,,000013,,,,VAT,tax,Expenses:VAT,1,4.35,,,,no,,,,,,,
<title>Appendices</title>
<!--
(Do not remove this comment block.)
+ Version: 2.6.15
+ Last modified: December 6, 2016
+ Author:
+ David T. <sunfish62 at yahoo.com>
+ Translators:
+ (translators put your name and email here)
+-->
+<glossary>
+ <title><application>GnuCash</application> Glossary</title>
+ <para>This is a glossary of common terms used in <application>GnuCash</application>.
+ Some entries here are taken from Wikipedia (<ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org"/>).</para>
+
+<!-- ... -->
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_account">
+ <glossterm>Conto</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An account keeps track of what you own, owe, spend or receive.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_accountingperiod">
+ <glossterm>Accounting Period</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An accounting period is the period with reference to which accounting
+ books of an entity are prepared. Common accounting
+ periods include month, quarter, and year.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_aqbanking">
+ <glossterm>AqBanking</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A library which implements the German Home Banking Computer Interface
+ (HBCI) and Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard (EBICS), OFX
+ Direct Connect and Paypal. It is the successor of openHBCI.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_asset">
+ <glossterm>Asset</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An asset is something you own. Anything tangible or intangible that
+ can be owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have
+ positive economic value is considered an asset.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_balancesheet">
+ <glossterm>Balance Sheet</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A Balance Sheet is a summary of the financial balances of an individual
+ or organization. It summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and ownership
+ equity at a specific point in time.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_book">
+ <glossterm>Book</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A book is a record of all transactions for an individual or organization. In
+ <application>GnuCash</application>, each file contains a book.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_capgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Capital Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The difference between the purchase and selling prices of an investment
+ at the time the investment is sold. Also known as
+ <emphasis>Realized Gain/Loss</emphasis>. Before an investment
+ is sold, the difference in value is referred to as
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_realgainloss">Realized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_capstock">
+ <glossterm>Capital stock</glossterm>
+ <glosssee otherterm="gnc-gl_stock">Stock</glosssee>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_chartofaccounts">
+ <glossterm>Struttura dei conti</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A listing of all the accounts available in the data file. The chart
+ of accounts consists of balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities,
+ stockholders' equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses,
+ gains, losses).</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commission">
+ <glossterm>Commissionie</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The fee paid to a broker to buy or sell securities.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commodity">
+ <glossterm>Commodity</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A commodity is something of value that is easily tradeable or sellable;
+ for example, currencies, stocks, bonds, grain, copper, and oil are all commodities.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_commonstock">
+ <glossterm>Azione ordinaria</glossterm>
+ <glosssee otherterm="gnc-gl_stock">Stock</glosssee>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_compounding">
+ <glossterm>Interesse composto</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The concept that the reinvested interest can later earn interest of
+ its own (interest on interest). This is often referred to as <emphasis>compound
+ interest</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_costbasis">
+ <glossterm>Cost Basis</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Cost basis is the original cost of property, adjusted for various factors.
+ Its primary use is for tax purposes. Factors that affect the cost basis include:
+ stock splits, dividends, depreciation and return of capital distributions.
+ Cost basis is used to determine the <emphasis>capital gain</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_csv">
+ <glossterm>CSV</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Stands for Comma Separated Values. CSV files are used to store data
+ in plain text. Each line of the file is a record and each record can be
+ comprised of multiple fields separated by commas. CSV is one import format
+ that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_dividends">
+ <glossterm>Dividendi</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Dividends are cash payments a company makes to shareholders. The
+ amount of this payment is usually determined as some amount of the profits
+ of the company. Not all common stocks give dividends.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_equities">
+ <glossterm>Capitali</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Equities are investments in which the investor becomes part (or whole)
+ owner in something.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_fints">
+ <glossterm>Financial Transaction Services (FinTS)</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A banking protocol used by German banks. Developed by the German Central
+ Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). The standard is used
+ only by German banks. Prior 2002, it was called Home Banking Computer
+ Interface (HBCI). FinTS is one import format that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_hbci">Home Computer Banking Interface (HBCI)</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_gsettings">
+ <glossterm>GSettings</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Since version 2.5 the tool that stores user configuration data. It
+ uses the native data store of the operating system:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Linux</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>DConf since Gnome 3.0 dropped GConf</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Mac OS X</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>Defaults. Use the command-line defaults(1) to modify
+ prefs when GnuCash isn't running.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><emphasis>Finestre</emphasis></term>
+ <listitem><para>Registry.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_hbci">
+ <glossterm>Home Computer Banking Interface (HBCI)</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A bank-independent online banking protocol used by German banks. Home
+ Banking Computer Interface (HBCI) was developed by the German Central
+ Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). Since 2002, it has
+ been called Financial Transaction Services (FinTS). HBCI is one import
+ format that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_fints">Financial Transaction Services (FinTS)</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_interest">
+ <glossterm>Interesse</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>What a borrower pays a lender for the use of their money. Normally,
+ this is expressed in terms of a percentage of the principal per year. For
+ example, a savings account with 1% interest will pay you $1 for every $100
+ you keep deposited per year.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_liability">
+ <glossterm>Liability</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A liability is a debt or obligation that an individual or organization
+ owes.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_libofx">
+ <glossterm>LibOFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>An open source library for <emphasis>OFX</emphasis>. It was created by one
+ of the <application>GnuCash</application> developers, originally to be the
+ OFX interface for <application>GnuCash</application>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_ofx">OFX</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_liquidity">
+ <glossterm>Liquidità </glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A measure of how easily convertible an investment is to cash. Money
+ in a savings account is very liquid, while money invested in a house has
+ low liquidity because it takes time to sell a house.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_lot">
+ <glossterm>Lot</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A lot is a means of grouping a commodity so that you later identify that
+ the item bought in one transaction is the same as one sold in a different
+ transaction. Lots are often implemented with stocks, where capital gain can
+ depend on which item is being sold at a given time.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_mt940">
+ <glossterm>MT940</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A financial information standard defined by SWIFT and used by several
+ European banks. It is also used internally in HBCI. Unfortunately, you can't
+ download the MT940 standard, but some banks publish it on their web sites.
+ MT940 is one import format that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_ofx">
+ <glossterm>OFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Open Financial eXchange format. This is a financial information
+ exchange standard used by many institutions. OFX is one import format
+ that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_pricedb">
+ <glossterm>Price Database</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The price database contains a store of price quotes for stocks, mutual
+ funds, and currencies.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_principal">
+ <glossterm>Somma capitale</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The original amount of money invested or borrowed.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_qfx">
+ <glossterm>QFX</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Quicken Financial eXchange format is a proprietary financial
+ information exchange standard promoted by Quicken and used by many institutions.
+ QFX is one import format that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_qif">
+ <glossterm>QIF</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The Quicken Interchange Format (QIF) is an open specification for
+ reading and writing financial data to files. This is an older format that
+ is still used by many institutions. QIF is one import format
+ that <application>GnuCash</application> supports.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_realgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Realized Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The difference between the purchase and selling prices of an investment
+ at the time the investment is sold. Also known as
+ <emphasis>Capital Gain/Loss</emphasis>. Before an investment
+ is sold, the difference in value is referred to as
+ <emphasis>Unrealized Gain/Loss</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_capgainloss">Capital Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_return">
+ <glossterm>Profitto</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The total income plus capital gains or losses of an investment.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_yield">Rendimento</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_risk">
+ <glossterm>Rischio</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The probability that the return on investment is different from what
+ was expected. Investments are often grouped on a scale from low risk (e.g.,
+ savings accounts or government bonds) to high risk (e.g., common stocks
+ or junk bonds). As a general rule of thumb, the higher the risk, the
+ higher the possible return.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_schedtxn">
+ <glossterm>Scheduled Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Scheduled transactions provide a framework for remembering information
+ about transactions that are set to occur in the future, either once or
+ periodically.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_yield">Rendimento</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_scheme">
+ <glossterm>Scheme</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Scheme is a functional programming language based on a dialect of LISP.
+ Reports in <application>GnuCash</application> use the Scheme programming language;
+ thus, users wishing to customize reports must write Scheme.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id="gnc-gl_shareholder">
+ <glossterm>Azionista</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A shareholder is a person who holds common stock in a company.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_split">
+ <glossterm>Split</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A split, or Ledger Entry, is the fundamental accounting unit.
+ Each split consists of an amount, the value of that amount expressed in a
+ (possibly) different currency, a Memo, a pointer to the parent Transaction,
+ a pointer to the debited Account, a reconciled flag and timestamp, an action
+ field, and a key-value frame which can store arbitrary data.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_stock">
+ <glossterm>Stock</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A security that represents a certain fractional ownership of a company.
+ This is what you buy when you <quote>buy stock</quote> in a company on the
+ open market. This is also sometimes known as <emphasis>capital stock</emphasis>,
+ or <emphasis>common stock</emphasis>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_stocksplit">
+ <glossterm>Frazionamento azionario</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Occurs when a company offers to issue some additional multiple of shares
+ for each existing stock. For example, a <quote>2 for 1</quote> stock split
+ means that if you own 100 shares of a stock, you will receive an additional
+ 100 shares at no cost to you. The unit price of the shares will usually be
+ adjusted so there is no net change in the value, so in this example the
+ price per share will be halved. Note that such transactions affect the cost
+ basis per share owned.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_transaction">
+ <glossterm>Transaction</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A transaction consists of a date, a description, an ID number, a list
+ of one or more splits, and a key-value frame. Transactions embody the notion
+ of "double entry" accounting.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_unrealgainloss">
+ <glossterm>Unrealized Gain/Loss</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Unrealized gain or loss is the difference in value between a purchase
+ price and the current value of a given asset. These gains remain unrealized
+ until the asset is sold, at which point they become <emphasis>Realized gains
+ or losses</emphasis>.</para>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_capgainloss">Capital Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ <glossseealso otherterm="gnc-gl_realgainloss">Realized Gain/Loss</glossseealso>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_valuation">
+ <glossterm>Valuation</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The process of determining the market value or the price the
+ investment would sell at in a <quote>reasonable time frame</quote>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_xml">
+ <glossterm>XML</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The eXtensible Markup Language is an international markup standard.
+ <application>GnuCash</application> stores its data by default in an XML data
+ structure.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<glossentry id="gnc-gl_yield">
+ <glossterm>Rendimento</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>A measure of the amount of money you earn from an investment
+ (i.e., how much income you receive from the investment). Typically, this
+ is reported as a percentage of the principal amount. Yield does not include
+ capital gains or losses (see Return). For example, a stock that sells for $100
+ and gives $2 in dividends per year has a yield of 2%.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+</glossentry>
+
+<!-- ... -->
+
+</glossary>
+
+<!--
+ (Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -11304,7 +13316,7 @@ MEC-0071,,000013,,,,VAT,tax,Expenses:VAT,1,4.35,,,,no,,,,,,,
<para>Il beneficio risiede nel fatto che non è necessario scrivere un modulo in Scheme o una nuova routine in C per eseguire la trasformazione. Chiunque conosca o abbia voglia di imparare il linguaggio <acronym>XML</acronym> può cimentarsi in questa operazione: sinceramente, niente di più difficile che scrivere una pagina web....</para>
-<para>Anyhow, I just wanted this tidbit to be captured somewhere permanently.
+<para>Anyhow, I just wanted this tidbit to be captured somewhere permanently.
The process works on 2.6.14 datafiles, and ought to
work on earlier versions, too.</para>
@@ -11316,7 +13328,7 @@ work on earlier versions, too.</para>
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -11454,7 +13466,7 @@ work on earlier versions, too.</para>
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: July 9th 2006
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
Jon Lapham <lapham at extracta.com.br>
@@ -11583,7 +13595,7 @@ Expenses [E]
|___ Software
|___ Subscriptions
|___ Sundry
- |___ Travel / Accom
+ |___ Travel / Accom
</literallayout>
@@ -11594,7 +13606,7 @@ Expenses [E]
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Version: 2.0.0
Last modified: March 18th, 2007
- Maintainers:
+ Maintainers:
Chris Lyttle <chris at wilddev.net>
Author:
David Hampton <hampton at employees.org>
@@ -12029,7 +14041,7 @@ Blocking_Chars
</appendix>
</part>
-<!--
+<!--
The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook
Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais at okstate.edu>
Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project
@@ -12053,52 +14065,52 @@ Blocking_Chars
<sect1 id="fdl-preamble">
<title>0. PREAMBLE</title>
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.</para>
-
+
<para>This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
-
+
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section1">
<title>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
<para id="fdl-document">This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The <quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as <quote>you</quote>.</para>
-
+
<para id="fdl-modified">A <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</para>
-
+
<para id="fdl-secondary">A <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.</para>
<para id="fdl-invariant">The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain <link linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this License.</para>
-
+
<para id="fdl-cover-texts">The <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this License.</para>
-
+
<para id="fdl-transparent">A <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the <link linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not <quote>Transparent</quote> is called <quote>Opaque</quote>.</para>
-
+
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available <acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym> designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym> produced by some word processors for output purposes only.</para>
-
+
<para id="fdl-title-page">The <quote>Title Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section2">
<title>2. VERBATIM COPYING</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in <link linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link>.</para>
-
+
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section3">
<title>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
<para>If you publish printed copies of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100, and the Document’s license notice requires <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.</para>
-
+
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
-
+
<para>If you publish or distribute <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
-
+
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section4">
<title>4. MODIFICATIONS</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the conditions of sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link> and <link linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
-
+
<itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
<listitem>
<formalpara>
@@ -12106,91 +14118,91 @@ Blocking_Chars
<para>Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link> (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>B</title>
<para>List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, together with at least five of the principal authors of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>C</title>
<para>State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link> the name of the publisher of the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the publisher.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>D</title>
<para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>E</title>
<para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>F</title>
<para>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>G</title>
<para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of <link linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and required <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link> given in the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document’s</link> license notice.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>H</title>
<para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>I</title>
<para>Preserve the section entitled <quote>History</quote>, and its title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>as given on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>. If there is no section entitled <quote>History</quote> in the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>J</title>
<para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access to a <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the <quote>History</quote> section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>K</title>
<para>In any section entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or <quote>Dedications</quote>, preserve the section’s title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>L</title>
<para>Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>M</title>
<para>Delete any section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not be included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
-
+
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>N</title>
@@ -12198,68 +14210,68 @@ Blocking_Chars
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
+
<para>If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as <link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
-
+
<para>You may add a section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>, provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
-
+
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage of up to 25 words as a <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link>, to the end of the list of <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link> in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
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+
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section5">
<title>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link> above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice.</para>
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<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.</para>
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+
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled <quote>History</quote> in the various original documents, forming one section entitled <quote>History</quote>; likewise combine any sections entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>, and any sections entitled <quote>Dedications</quote>. You must delete all sections entitled <quote>Endorsements.</quote></para>
</sect1>
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+
<sect1 id="fdl-section6">
<title>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.</para>
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<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and dispbibute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section7">
<title>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
<para>A compilation of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an <quote>aggregate</quote>, and this License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of <link linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section8">
<title>8. TRANSLATION</title>
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing <link linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License, the original English version will prevail.</para>
</sect1>
-
+
<sect1 id="fdl-section9">
<title>9. TERMINATION</title>
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.</para>
</sect1>
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+
<sect1 id="fdl-section10">
<title>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
<para>The <ulink type="http" url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <ulink type="http" url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
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+
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> specifies that a particular numbered version of this License <quote>or any later version</quote> applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-using">
<title>Addendum</title>
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
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+
<blockquote>
<para>Copyright Cristian Marchi.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> being LIST, and with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link> being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation License</quote>.</para>
</blockquote>
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+
<para>If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link>, write <quote>with no Invariant Sections</quote> instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write <quote>no Front-Cover Texts</quote> instead of <quote>Front-Cover Texts being LIST</quote>; likewise for <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.</para>
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<para>Se il proprio documento contiene esempi di programmazione non immediati, se ne raccomanda il rilascio con una licenza di software libero a propria scelta, quale la <ulink type="http" url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public License</ulink>, per permetterne l’utilizzo nel software libero.</para>
</sect1>
-</appendix>
+</appendix>
Summary of changes:
guide/C/ch_currency.xml | 5 +-
guide/C/ch_reports.xml | 5 +-
guide/C/gnc-glossary.xml | 37 +-
guide/C/gnucash-guide.xml | 33 +-
guide/it/gnucash-guide.xml | 1739 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
5 files changed, 1725 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)
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